JP2014054727A - Robot - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a robot capable of further improving space saving performance while increasing a movable range.
A body provided on an installation surface and bent in a predetermined bending direction from the middle, and an arm provided on a bent portion of the body and having a plurality of structural members connected by a plurality of joints. . In addition, in any of the arms, the position of the rotation axis of one joint and the rotation axis of the next joint is offset in a predetermined direction, and the position of the rotation axis of the next joint and the rotation axis of the next joint is predetermined. Offset in the opposite direction.
[Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a robot having a plurality of joints.

Many of the robots generally referred to as vertical articulated robots have a 6-axis or 7-axis rotary joint on an arm installed on a base, and are configured to rotate or turn the arm on the tip side of each joint. Yes.
In such a robot, the movable range of the hand of the robot can be set farther by setting the length of the arm large. On the other hand, when the arm is folded and the hand of the robot is positioned in the vicinity of the base, it is necessary to avoid interference with its own arm, so that the vicinity of the base is out of the movable range of the hand of the robot. Become.

In recent years, robots have been required to have more complex movements and movement ranges, and it is required to work with the hand positioned closer to the base while placing the hand far enough from the base. It has been.
As a technique for solving this problem, Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which the rotation axis of the arm is offset from the middle of the arm. According to the technique of Patent Document 1, a wide movable region can be ensured while avoiding interference between the arms even when the arms are folded.

JP2008-272883

By the way, the robot is required to be configured to be smaller and more compact while securing a wider movable region. In particular, when the robot is not used, the arm has a substantially linear posture so that the area that interferes with surrounding objects is minimized.
However, in the configuration in which the rotation axis of the arm is offset as in the technique of Patent Document 1, the arm protrudes as much as the offset even if the arm joint portion is moved to make the arm linear, so that the space of the robot is saved. There is a limit to the improvement in performance.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a robot capable of further improving the space saving performance while increasing the movable range.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is configured as follows.
A robot according to the present invention includes a body that is provided on an installation surface and is bent in a predetermined bending direction from the middle, and a plurality of structural members that are provided at a bent portion of the body and are connected by a plurality of joints. And arm.

  According to the present invention, the operation range of the robot can be increased in the vicinity of the body, such as for assembling machine products, and space saving can be further achieved.

It is a side view showing the composition of the robot concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view showing the composition of the robot concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view which shows the structure of the robot concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the structure of the robot system concerning 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure and movable range of the robot system concerning 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

[First Embodiment]
(overall structure)
Hereinafter, the first embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a robot system 100 according to the present embodiment includes a seven-axis vertical articulated robot 1, a robot controller 2, and a cable 3 that connects the robot 1 and the robot controller 2. .
The robot controller 2 is constituted by a computer having a storage device, an electronic calculator, and an input device (all not shown), and is connected to an actuator (described later) of the robot 1 by a cable 3. The cable 3 is covered with a signal communication line between the robot controller 2 and the actuator and a power supply line that supplies power to each actuator from a power source (not shown).

  The robot 1 includes a base 10 fixed to an installation surface (floor, ceiling, etc.) 101, an arm structure material (first structure material) 11, and an arm structure material (second structure) in order from the base 10 to the tip of the robot 1. Structural material) 12, arm structural material (third structural material) 13, arm structural material (fourth structural material) 14, arm structural material (fifth structural material) 15, arm structural material (sixth structural material) 16, flange (Seventh structural member) 17 is connected via a rotating joint (first to seventh joints).

More specifically, the base 10 and the arm structure material 11 are connected via a first actuator (first joint) 11A, and the arm structure material 11 is rotated by driving the first actuator 11A. It has become. The arm structural member 11 and the arm structural member 12 are connected via a second actuator (second joint) 12A, and the arm structural member 12 is turned by driving the second actuator 12A.
The arm structural member 12 and the arm structural member 13 are connected via a third actuator (third joint) 13A, and the arm structural member 13 is rotated by driving of the third actuator 13A. The arm structural member 13 and the arm structural member 14 are connected via a fourth actuator (fourth joint) 14A, and the arm structural member 14 is turned by driving the fourth actuator 14A.

The arm structure material 14 and the arm structure material 15 are connected via a fifth actuator (fifth joint) 15A, and the arm structure material 15 is rotated by driving the fifth actuator 15A. The arm structure material 15 and the arm structure material 16 are connected via a sixth actuator (sixth joint) 16A, and the arm structure material 16 is turned by driving the sixth actuator 16A.
The arm structural member 16 and the flange 17 are connected via a seventh actuator (seventh joint) 17A, and are driven by the seventh actuator 17A to end effectors such as hands attached to the flange 17 and the flange 17 (illustrated). Do not turn).

As shown in FIG. 1, the arm structural member 13 includes a storage portion 20A that stores the third actuator 13A, a communication portion 20B that extends obliquely upward to the right from the storage portion 20A, and a fourth actuator 14A. The storage portion 20C is stored, and the storage portion 20A, the storage portion 20C, and the communication portion (offset location) 20B each form a continuous internal space.
The arm structural member 14 includes a storage portion 21A that stores the fourth actuator 14A, a communication portion 21B that extends obliquely upward to the left from the storage portion 21A, and a storage portion 21C that stores the fifth actuator 15A. Thus, the storage portion 21A, the storage portion 21C, and the communication portion (offset location) 21B each form a continuous internal space.
The first to seventh actuators 11 </ b> A to 17 </ b> A are each constituted by a reduction gear integrated servo motor having a hollow portion through which the cable 3 can be inserted, and are connected to the robot controller 2 via the cable 3.

When each of the rotation axes A1, A3, A5 (referred to as a rotation axis in the rotation direction) is in the posture of the robot 1 in a direction perpendicular to the installation surface 101 (state in FIG. 1), each rotation axis A2, A4 , A6, A7 (rotating shafts in the turning direction) are each at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the rotating shaft in the rotating direction. Further, the rotation axis A6 and the rotation axis A7 are further configured to form an angle of 90 degrees with each other.
The rotation axis A1 of the first actuator 11A and the rotation axis A3 of the third actuator 13A are substantially the same. Further, the rotation axis A1 and the rotation axis A3 are disposed so as to be orthogonal to the rotation axis A2 of the second actuator 12A.

The rotation axis A1 and the rotation axis A3 and the rotation axis A4 of the fourth actuator 14A do not intersect with each other, and have a length d1 in the horizontal direction with respect to the installation surface 101 (rightward in the drawing with respect to the rotation axis A3). Is just offset.
Further, the rotation axis A4 and the rotation axis A5 of the fifth actuator 15A do not intersect with each other, and are offset by a length d2 in a direction horizontal to the installation surface 101 (left direction in the figure with respect to the rotation axis A4). .
Therefore, the rotation axis A3 and the rotation axis A5 are offset by a length | d1-d2 | in a direction horizontal to the installation surface 101 (rightward in the drawing with respect to the rotation axis A3).
In the present embodiment, the length d1 is set larger than the length d2 (that is, d1> d2). Further, the width dimension of the arm structural member 13 is larger than the width dimension of the arm structural member 15.

  In addition, a cable introduction hole (not shown) is provided in the base 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the cable 3 extends from the inside of the base 10 to the hollow hole of the first actuator 11 </ b> A, the arm structure material 11, and the second. Hollow hole of actuator 12A, arm structure material 12, hollow hole of third actuator 13A, storage part 20A, connection part 20B, storage part 20C, hollow hole of fourth actuator 14A, storage part 21A, connection part 21B, storage part 21C The hollow hole provided in the flange 17 through the hollow hole of the fifth actuator 15A, the arm structure material 15, the hollow hole of the sixth actuator 16A, the hollow hole of the arm structure material 16 and the seventh actuator 17A is used as an end effector (not shown). They are routed to be connected.

  Since the robot system 100 according to the present embodiment is configured as described above, when the work is performed with the flange 17 positioned in the vicinity of the base 1 or the arm structure 11, the fourth actuator 14A is shown in FIG. Is rotated by a length d2 (ie, d1 + d2) in addition to the length d1, and the offset amount between the rotation axis A3 and the rotation axis A5 Becomes larger. For this reason, even if the fourth actuator 14A is swung so that the rotation axis A3 and the rotation axis A5 are substantially parallel to each other, the arm structure material 13 and the arm structure material 15 are prevented from contacting or interfering with each other. Therefore, the flange 17 can be made to reach further down and close to the arm structure material 11.

  On the other hand, when the robot system 100 is on standby, as shown in FIG. 1, the robot 1 is operated so that the rotation axis A1, the rotation axis A3, and the rotation axis A5 are all perpendicular to the installation surface 101. It is possible to minimize the overhang in the horizontal direction with one installation surface 101. At this time, the rotation axis A1 and the offset amount between the rotation axis A3 and the rotation axis A4 are suppressed to the length d1.

  That is, in the state where the fourth actuator 14A is bent, in addition to being able to obtain an offset amount of d1 + d2, the offset amount can be d1 (d1 <d1 + d2) during standby, and the flange 17 can be moved by the offset. Space can be saved while securing a large area.

  Further, after the cable 3 is gently bent at the connecting portion 20B from the hollow hole of the third actuator 13A, and then further bent at the connecting portion 21B through the hollow hole of the fourth actuator 14A, the hollow of the fifth actuator 15A is made. Since the fourth actuator 14A is greatly swung and the angle formed between the arm structural member 13 and the arm structural member 14 becomes a sharper angle, the curvature of the cable 3 is relatively gentle. Since it can be suppressed, damage to the cable 3 due to an increase in the curvature of the cable 3 can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the fifth actuator 15A rotates the arm structure material 15, the sixth actuator 16A rotates the arm structure material 16, and the seventh actuator 17A swings the flange 17 on the arm structure material 16. Since the direction is configured to swing at an angle of 90 degrees, if the seventh actuator 17A is configured to rotate the flange 17, the rotation axis A5 and the rotation axis A7 overlap. It is possible to eliminate the presence of uncontrollable points (singular points) caused by. For this reason, it is not necessary to consider the operation of avoiding the singular point in the posture in which the fourth actuator 14A is bent (state in FIG. 2), and the degree of freedom of operation of the robot 1 can be improved.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the robot system 200 according to the present embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment only in the mounting direction of the seventh actuator 27A and the flange 27. Therefore, in the following, for convenience of explanation, repeated explanation is omitted as appropriate, and the same components are described using the same reference numerals.
In the present embodiment, the arm structural member 16 and the flange 27 are connected via a seventh actuator (seventh joint) 27A, and the hand or the like attached to the flange 27 and the flange 27 by driving the seventh actuator 17A. The end effector (not shown) is rotated.

  Since the robot system 200 according to the present embodiment is configured as described above, it is necessary to avoid a singular point that occurs in a posture in which the fourth actuator 14A is bent as compared with the first embodiment. Since the end effector attached to the flange 27 can be easily rotated only by driving the seventh actuator 27A, it is suitable for an application for rotating the end effector.

[Third Embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the robot 1 described in the first embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that a pair (two) of the robot 1 is attached to a body serving as a common base. Yes. Therefore, in the following, description overlapping with that of the first embodiment will be omitted as appropriate, and the same components will be described using the same reference numerals.
The robot system 300 according to the present embodiment is configured by attaching two robots 1 to a body 301 fixed to the installation surface 101.
The body 301 includes a base portion 301A fixed to the installation surface 101 and a turning body portion (body body) 301B that turns with respect to the base portion 301A via an actuator 301C.

The swivel trunk 301B extends obliquely upward (upper right direction in FIG. 5) from the actuator 301C and has an opening to which a pair of robots 1 can be attached.
The rotation axis Ab of the actuator 301C and the rotation axis A1 of the robot 1 are offset by a length d3 in a direction horizontal to the installation surface 101 (rightward in FIG. 5 with respect to the rotation axis Ab).

  In the present embodiment, the robot 1 is disposed on the turning body 301B so that the rotation axes A1 of the first actuators 11A are aligned in the same straight line (note that the orientation of the robot 1 can be changed as appropriate). That is, the turning body 301B also serves as a base for each of the pair of robots 1. The robot controller 302 and each robot 1 are connected via a cable 303, and the actuator of each robot 1 is operated by a command from the robot controller 302.

Since the robot system 300 according to the present embodiment is configured as described above, it is possible to increase an operation range when performing an operation of cooperating the pair of robots 1 in the vicinity of the body, such as an assembly application of a machine product. Space can be further saved.
In addition, since the pair of robots 1 is attached with the turning body 301B extending obliquely upward, the actuator 301C is rotated by the amount that the rotation axis Ab and the rotation axis A1 are offset, so that the flange of each robot 1 is rotated. 17 can reach farther.
In addition, since the hand of each robot 1 can reach the space generated near the base 301A and below the turning body 301B, the work can be performed using the space below the turning body 301B. This can save more space.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described above. However, the transport system according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately modified and applied without departing from the spirit of the present invention. is there.
For example, in the third embodiment, the example in which the robot according to the first embodiment is attached to the trunk is described, but the robot attached to the trunk may be the one according to the second embodiment.
In the above-described embodiment, the robot having seven joints has been described as an example. However, the robot may have three joints. For example, the robot may be configured by omitting configurations other than the third to fifth actuators and 13 to 15 of the first embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Robot 2,302 Robot controller 3,303 Cable 10 Base 11-16 Arm structure material 11A-17A, 27A Actuator (1-7 actuator)
17, 27 Flange 20A, 20C, 21A, 21C Storage part 20B, 21B Connection part 100, 200, 300 Robot system 101 Installation surface 301 Body 301A Base part 301B Revolving body part 301C Actuators A1 to A7, Ab Rotating shaft

Claims (5)

A fuselage provided on the installation surface and bent in a predetermined bending direction from the middle;
A robot comprising: an arm having a plurality of structural members provided at a bent portion of the body and connected by a plurality of joints. The robot according to claim 1, further comprising: another arm provided at a bent portion of the body and having a plurality of structural members connected by a plurality of joints. At least one of the arm or the other arm is
The position of the rotation axis of one joint and the rotation axis of the next joint is offset in a predetermined direction, and the position of the rotation axis of the next joint and the rotation axis of the next joint is opposite to the predetermined direction. The robot according to claim 2, wherein the robot is offset. The hand of at least one of the arm or the other arm is
The robot according to claim 2, wherein the robot reaches a space generated in a lower portion of the bent portion of the body. The joint is
Including at least seven from the first joint to the seventh joint,
The structural material is
The robot according to claim 1, comprising at least seven of the first structural material to the seventh structural material.

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