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JP2013528562A - Method and apparatus for producing liquid carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing liquid carbon dioxide Download PDF

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JP2013528562A
JP2013528562A JP2013512967A JP2013512967A JP2013528562A JP 2013528562 A JP2013528562 A JP 2013528562A JP 2013512967 A JP2013512967 A JP 2013512967A JP 2013512967 A JP2013512967 A JP 2013512967A JP 2013528562 A JP2013528562 A JP 2013528562A
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carbon dioxide
cooling
dioxide rich
rich gas
refrigeration cycle
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ブリグリア、アラン
ギヤール、アラン
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レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/202—Alcohols or their derivatives
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    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/22—Carbon dioxide
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Abstract

本発明は、二酸化炭素リッチな液体を製造し、分離ユニット（１０）であって溶剤での物理洗浄のための塔と当該分離ユニットの流体を冷却する手段とを有する分離ユニットと、前記分離ユニットから得られる二酸化炭素リッチガス（４）を圧縮および液化し、前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で前記ガスを冷却する手段とを有するユニット（１２）と、前記分離ユニットの前記流体を冷却する前記手段および前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で前記ガスを冷却する前記手段にフリゴリーを与える二酸化炭素を冷媒として用いる一つの冷凍サイクルと、前記液体の一部を前記液化ユニットから前記冷凍サイクルに送る手段と、を備える装置に関する。
【選択図】 図２The present invention provides a separation unit (10) for producing a liquid rich in carbon dioxide, comprising a tower for physical washing with a solvent and means for cooling the fluid of the separation unit, and the separation unit A unit (12) having means for compressing and liquefying the carbon dioxide rich gas (4) obtained from the above, and cooling the gas upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation, and cooling the fluid of the separation unit One refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant to provide a frigory to the means and the means for cooling the gas upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation, and a portion of the liquid is sent from the liquefaction unit to the refrigeration cycle Means.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

本発明は、二酸化炭素リッチな液体を製造する方法および装置に関する。それは特に、液状か、例えば隔離、ＥＯＲ（強化石油採取）、もしくは二酸化炭素排出を低減するためのその他の用途のために圧縮された状態かのいずれかの二酸化炭素の発生が避けられない、レクチゾール（Ｒｅｃｔｉｓｏｌ）（登録商標）法またはセレクソール（Ｓｅｌｅｘｏｌ）（登録商標）法のような、０℃以下の温度での作業が求められる、物理吸収の原理に基づくガスの分離および浄化方法に利用される。   The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon dioxide rich liquid. It is particularly inevitable to generate carbon dioxide, either in liquid form, eg compressed, for sequestration, EOR (enhanced oil extraction), or other uses to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Used in gas separation and purification methods based on the principle of physical absorption, such as the (Rectisol) method or the Selexol (registered trademark) method, which requires operation at temperatures below 0 ° C. .

レクチゾール（登録商標）法またはセレクソール（登録商法）法のような、０℃以下の温度での作業が求められる物理吸収の原理に基づくガス分離および浄化ユニットにおいて、効果的に運転するようなプロセスには大きな冷凍負荷が必要である。一般に冷凍能力は、例えば、アンモニアまたはプロピレンのような、プロセスの外の流体に影響を及ぼす冷凍ユニットによって与えられる。   For processes that operate effectively in gas separation and purification units based on the principle of physical absorption that require working at temperatures below 0 ° C., such as the Lectisol® method or the Selexol® method. Requires a large refrigeration load. In general, refrigeration capacity is provided by a refrigeration unit that affects fluids outside the process, such as, for example, ammonia or propylene.

予燃焼プロセスによる二酸化炭素排出の低減に関して、分離された二酸化炭素は、陸上、河川上、もしくは海上輸送のために液状か、またはパイプライン輸送のために圧縮された状態で製造される必要がある。これらのプロセスはまた、液状または圧縮された状態の二酸化炭素を生じさせるために必要な熱平衡を得るために、液化する流体（二酸化炭素）を扱う圧縮機を用いる。   With respect to reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the pre-combustion process, the separated carbon dioxide needs to be produced in liquid form for on-shore, river, or sea transport or compressed for pipeline transport. . These processes also use a compressor that handles the liquefied fluid (carbon dioxide) to obtain the thermal equilibrium necessary to produce carbon dioxide in a liquid or compressed state.

図１は、従来技術の装置を示す。レクチゾール（登録商標）型のガス分離および浄化ユニット１０は、二酸化炭素を含む処理されるガス１を分離し、浄化ガス２と二酸化炭素リッチガスとを製造する。分離ユニット１０は、冷媒３，３´を用いる外部冷却ユニット１１によって冷却される。二酸化炭素は、液体二酸化炭素５を製造する液化装置１２において液化される。   FIG. 1 shows a prior art device. The Lectisol®-type gas separation and purification unit 10 separates the treated gas 1 containing carbon dioxide and produces purified gas 2 and carbon dioxide rich gas. The separation unit 10 is cooled by the external cooling unit 11 using the refrigerants 3 and 3 ′. The carbon dioxide is liquefied in the liquefaction device 12 that produces the liquid carbon dioxide 5.

本発明の目的によれば、最終生成物としての二酸化炭素リッチな液体を製造するために一つの方法が提供され、この方法において、
ｉ） 二酸化炭素を含む供給原料ガス（ｆｅｅｄ ｇａｓ）が、０℃以下の温度で溶剤での物理洗浄（ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ ｗａｓｈｉｎｇ）によって分離され、
ｉｉ）ステップｉ）の前記物理洗浄に必要な前記溶剤が冷却され、
ｉｉｉ）二酸化炭素リッチガスがステップｉ）の分離によって製造され、当該ガスが圧縮および液化され、
ｉｖ）前記二酸化炭素リッチガスが、ステップｉｉｉ）の前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で冷却され、
ｖ）冷媒として二酸化炭素を用いる一つの冷凍サイクルが、ステップｉｖ）の前記冷却作業のためおよびステップｉ）に必要な冷却作業のための前記冷却に、ステップｉｉｉ）の前記液化作業で生じる冷媒として用いられる前記二酸化炭素の少なくとも一部を与える。 According to the object of the present invention, a method is provided for producing a carbon dioxide rich liquid as a final product,
i) a feed gas containing carbon dioxide is separated by physical washing with a solvent at a temperature below 0 ° C .;
ii) the solvent required for the physical cleaning of step i) is cooled;
iii) a carbon dioxide rich gas is produced by the separation of step i) and the gas is compressed and liquefied;
iv) the carbon dioxide rich gas is cooled upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation of step iii);
v) One refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, as the refrigerant generated in the liquefaction operation of step iii) for the cooling operation of step iv) and for the cooling operation necessary for step i) Provide at least a portion of the carbon dioxide used.

他の選択的な特徴によれば、
− 同じ前記冷凍サイクルが、前記二酸化炭素リッチガスを前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で冷却する、
− 同じ前記冷凍サイクルが前記溶剤を前記洗浄作業の上流で冷却する、
− 前記溶剤はメタノールである、
− 前記二酸化炭素リッチガスは、ステップｉｉｉ）の前記圧縮作業の後に液化される。 According to other optional features,
The same refrigeration cycle cools the carbon dioxide rich gas upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation;
The same refrigeration cycle cools the solvent upstream of the cleaning operation;
The solvent is methanol,
The carbon dioxide rich gas is liquefied after the compression operation of step iii).

本発明のさらなる目的によれば、最終生成物としての二酸化炭素リッチな液体を製造する装置が提供され、当該装置は、
ｉ）分離ユニットであって、溶剤での物理洗浄のための塔（ｃｏｌｕｍｎ）と、当該分離ユニットの流体を冷却する手段と、を有する分離ユニットと、
ｉｉ）最終生成物としての液体二酸化炭素を製造するために前記分離ユニットから得られる二酸化炭素リッチガスを圧縮および液化するユニットであって、前記ガスを前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で冷却する手段を有する圧縮および液化ユニットと、
ｉｉｉ）前記分離ユニットの前記流体を冷却する前記手段、および前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で前記二酸化炭素リッチガスを冷却する前記手段、に冷却を与える、冷媒としての二酸化炭素を用いる一つの冷凍サイクルと、
ｉｖ）前記液体二酸化炭素の一部を前記分離および液化ユニットから前記冷凍サイクルに送る手段と、を備える。 According to a further object of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for producing a carbon dioxide rich liquid as a final product, the apparatus comprising:
i) a separation unit comprising a column for physical washing with a solvent, and means for cooling the fluid of the separation unit;
ii) a unit for compressing and liquefying the carbon dioxide rich gas obtained from the separation unit to produce liquid carbon dioxide as a final product, the means for cooling the gas upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation A compression and liquefaction unit having:
iii) one refrigeration using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant to provide cooling to the means for cooling the fluid of the separation unit and the means for cooling the carbon dioxide rich gas upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation Cycle,
iv) means for sending a portion of the liquid carbon dioxide from the separation and liquefaction unit to the refrigeration cycle.

選択的に、前記装置は、前記冷凍サイクルによって前記洗浄作業の上流で前記溶剤を冷却する手段を有する。   Optionally, the apparatus comprises means for cooling the solvent upstream of the cleaning operation by the refrigeration cycle.

前記ガス分離および浄化ユニット、例えばレクチゾール（登録商標）型、に必要な冷却のための、特に、前記洗浄の溶剤を冷却するため、および前記ガス分離および浄化ユニットから生ずる二酸化炭素リッチガス流を冷却するための冷却を与える一つの冷凍サイクルを用いることに、発明がある。   For the cooling required for the gas separation and purification unit, for example Lectisol® type, in particular for cooling the washing solvent and for cooling the carbon dioxide rich gas stream resulting from the gas separation and purification unit There is an invention in using one refrigeration cycle to provide cooling for the purpose.

このような方法は、機能の結合によって、投資を減らすことに役立つ。本発明は、図２を参照して非常に詳細に説明される。   Such a method helps to reduce investment by combining functions. The present invention will be described in great detail with reference to FIG.

レクチゾール（登録商標）型の、０℃以下の温度で溶剤での物理洗浄によってガスを分離および浄化するユニット１０は、二酸化炭素を含んだ処理されるガス１を分離することで、浄化ガス２と二酸化炭素リッチガス４とを製造する。前記分離ユニット１０は、二酸化炭素リッチガス４を扱うユニット１２から出た冷媒１０３，１０３´を用いるサイクルによって冷却される。二酸化炭素処理ユニット１２は、液状の二酸化炭素５を生じさせる液化ユニットＬが続く圧縮ユニットＣである。圧縮ユニットＣによって圧縮された前記二酸化炭素リッチガスは、ユニットＬによって液化されることで、最終生成物５を作り出す。液状化されたものの一部１０３は、前記圧縮された流れを、熱交換器Ｅ１，Ｅ２によって圧縮ユニットＣの下流および／または上流で冷却できる。   A unit 10 that separates and purifies gas by physical cleaning with a solvent at a temperature of 0 ° C. or lower, of a lectisol (registered trademark) type, separates the treated gas 1 containing carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide rich gas 4 is produced. The separation unit 10 is cooled by a cycle using the refrigerants 103 and 103 ′ from the unit 12 that handles the carbon dioxide rich gas 4. The carbon dioxide treatment unit 12 is a compression unit C followed by a liquefaction unit L that produces liquid carbon dioxide 5. The carbon dioxide rich gas compressed by the compression unit C is liquefied by the unit L to produce the final product 5. A portion 103 of the liquefied one can cool the compressed stream downstream and / or upstream of the compression unit C by means of heat exchangers E1, E2.

特に、ユニット１０に送られた冷媒１０３は、前記方法の洗浄ステップで使われる溶剤の流れを冷却するのに使われ得る。   In particular, the refrigerant 103 sent to the unit 10 can be used to cool the solvent stream used in the washing step of the method.

同じ流体は、ユニット１２における前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で、前記二酸化炭素を冷却するのに使われ得る。   The same fluid may be used to cool the carbon dioxide upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation in unit 12.

前記流体は、二酸化炭素であり、ユニット１２で処理されるガス４から生じる。   The fluid is carbon dioxide and originates from a gas 4 that is processed in the unit 12.

Claims (10)

最終生成物としての二酸化炭素リッチな液体を製造する方法であって、
ｉ）二酸化炭素を有する供給原料ガスを、０℃以下の温度で溶剤での物理洗浄によって分離し、
ｉｉ）ステップｉ）の前記物理洗浄に必要な前記溶剤を冷却し、
ｉｉｉ）二酸化炭素リッチガスをステップｉ）の分離によって製造し、当該ガスを圧縮するとともに液化し、
ｉｖ）前記二酸化炭素リッチガスを、ステップｉｉｉ）の前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で冷却し、
ｖ）冷媒として二酸化炭素を用いる一つの冷凍サイクルが、ステップｉｖ）の前記冷却作業およびステップｉ）で必要な冷却作業のために冷却を与え、冷媒として用いられる前記二酸化炭素の少なくとも一部が、ステップｉｉｉ）の前記液化作業で得られる、方法。 A method for producing a carbon dioxide rich liquid as a final product, comprising:
i) separating the feedstock gas with carbon dioxide by physical washing with a solvent at a temperature below 0 ° C,
ii) cooling the solvent required for the physical cleaning of step i);
iii) producing a carbon dioxide rich gas by the separation of step i), compressing and liquefying the gas,
iv) cooling the carbon dioxide rich gas upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation of step iii);
v) one refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as refrigerant provides cooling for the cooling operation of step iv) and the cooling operation required in step i), at least a portion of the carbon dioxide used as refrigerant is A method obtained by said liquefaction operation in step iii). 同じ前記冷凍サイクルが、前記洗浄作業の上流で前記溶剤を冷却するのに用いられる、請求項１に記載の方法。   The method of claim 1, wherein the same refrigeration cycle is used to cool the solvent upstream of the cleaning operation. 前記溶剤がメタノールである先行するどちらかの請求項に記載の方法。   A process according to any preceding claim, wherein the solvent is methanol. 前記二酸化炭素リッチガスは、ステップｉｉｉ）の前記圧縮作業の後に液化される、先行する請求項のいずれか一つに記載の方法。   The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the carbon dioxide rich gas is liquefied after the compression operation of step iii). 前記二酸化炭素リッチガスは、前記冷凍サイクルによって、ステップｉｉｉ）の前記圧縮作業の上流で冷却される、先行する請求項のいずれか一つに記載の方法。   The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the carbon dioxide rich gas is cooled by the refrigeration cycle upstream of the compression operation of step iii). 前記二酸化炭素リッチガスは、前記冷凍サイクルによって、ステップｉｉｉ）の前記圧縮作業の下流で冷却される、先行する請求項のいずれか一つに記載の方法。   The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the carbon dioxide rich gas is cooled downstream of the compression operation of step iii) by the refrigeration cycle. 最終生成物としての二酸化炭素リッチの液体を製造する装置であって、
ｉ）分離ユニット（１０）であって、溶剤での物理洗浄のための塔と、当該分離ユニットの流体を冷却する手段と、を有する分離ユニットと、
ｉｉ）前記分離ユニットから得られる二酸化炭素リッチガス（４）を圧縮および液化するユニット（１２，Ｃ，Ｌ）であって、前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で前記二酸化炭素リッチガスを冷却する手段（Ｅ１，Ｅ２）を有する前記圧縮および液化ユニット、と、
ｉｉｉ）前記分離ユニットの前記流体を冷却する前記手段、および、前記圧縮作業の上流および／または下流で前記二酸化炭素リッチガスを冷却する前記手段、に冷却を与える、冷媒として二酸化炭素を用いる一つの冷凍サイクル（１０３，１０３´）と、
ｉｖ）前記二酸化炭素リッチな液体の一部を前記分離および液化ユニットから前記冷凍サイクルに送る手段と、を具備する装置。 An apparatus for producing a carbon dioxide rich liquid as a final product,
i) a separation unit (10) comprising a tower for physical washing with a solvent and means for cooling the fluid of the separation unit;
ii) a unit (12, C, L) for compressing and liquefying the carbon dioxide rich gas (4) obtained from the separation unit, and means for cooling the carbon dioxide rich gas upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation ( Said compression and liquefaction unit comprising E1, E2);
iii) one refrigeration using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant to provide cooling to the means for cooling the fluid of the separation unit and the means for cooling the carbon dioxide rich gas upstream and / or downstream of the compression operation. Cycle (103, 103 '),
and iv) means for delivering a portion of the carbon dioxide rich liquid from the separation and liquefaction unit to the refrigeration cycle. 前記冷凍サイクルは、前記二酸化炭素リッチガスの前記圧縮の上流で冷却を与える、請求項７に記載の装置。   The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the refrigeration cycle provides cooling upstream of the compression of the carbon dioxide rich gas. 前記冷凍サイクルは、前記二酸化炭素リッチガスの前記圧縮の下流で冷却を与える、請求項７または８に記載の装置。   9. An apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the refrigeration cycle provides cooling downstream of the compression of the carbon dioxide rich gas. 前記冷凍サイクルによって前記洗浄作業の上流で前記溶剤を冷却する手段を備える、請求項７ないし９のいずれか一つに記載の装置。   10. Apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, comprising means for cooling the solvent upstream of the cleaning operation by the refrigeration cycle.
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