JP2013545674A - Transportation equipment for electrochemical energy storage devices - Google Patents

Abstract

  A transport device (100, 102, 104) for at least one electrochemical energy storage device has at least one storage device (110, 120, 130, 140) for at least partially storing the dangerous goods (150). 160) and at least one safety mechanism (132, 134, 136, 138, 142, 170, 180) against dangerous situations due to the stored dangerous goods (150).

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrochemical energy storage device, in particular for transporting and storing dangerous goods, in particular a transport device for housing lithium ion cells or lithium ion batteries.

  In particular, in the case of a lithium ion battery and a lithium ion cell, the following specific dangers are known, that is, the danger from liquid electrolyte spill, short circuit, fire to explosion. In order to reduce these risks, such batteries and cells often have a housing adapted to improve operational reliability. Such a thing is described in Patent Document 1, for example.

  Therefore, especially when the electrochemical energy storage device is damaged, the contents are released into the environment under standard storage or transport conditions when storing or transporting the electrochemical energy storage device. Measures must be taken to reduce or eliminate risk, particularly to prevent release of the contents into the environment. Simple packaging materials such as cardboard boxes do not serve this purpose. Rather, storage devices that provide safety, for example when packing and transporting, such as electrochemical energy storage devices, are needed to prevent dangerous substances from flowing out to the environment. is there. Current technology often takes additional and time-consuming measures, for example by preparing a fire extinguisher, so that fires that may occur in some cases can be extinguished quickly and effectively.

  New demands for electrochemical energy storage devices that can be used as energy sources, especially in electrically powered vehicles (highest performance possible, with as little weight or smaller size as possible), in particular electrochemical energy storage devices In the event of damage or failure, transportation of the equipment increases the risk. This is because, for example, in the case of a fire, a very violent decomposition reaction leading to an explosion can occur, which can generate toxic and environmentally hazardous gases such as chlorine or sulfur dioxide. This is because this gas may leak into the environment.

Therefore, there are generally strict rules for the transport of this electrochemical energy storage unit, including in particular organic electrolytes and liquid electrolytes, and these rules usually apply throughout Europe, for example: It is summarized in the guidelines.
-ADR = European agreement on international transport of dangerous goods on roads-RID = European regulations on international rail transport-IMDG-Code = Hazardous goods regulations on dangerous goods in sea transport-ADN = Europe on transport of dangerous goods in inland waterways Agreement ・ ICAO-TI and IATA DGR = Regulations on the transport of dangerous goods by air transport

  These guidelines define, for example, the maximum allowable amount of dangerous goods that can be transported, acceptable packaging methods and materials, and safety measures such as securing cargo against slipping or preparing a fire extinguisher.

  Nonetheless, these guidelines do not have a technically well-considered, particularly unified description of legally binding storage devices for electrochemical energy storage devices.

Thus, for example, for used lithium ion cells, the rule (from ADR) that lithium ion cells are transported in so-called 1H2 containers. In this regard, the notation 1H2 represents the type, material, and classification of the container.
• 1 = Container type (eg bag, box)
H = material of the container (eg wood, steel)
2 = classification (eg open or closed)

  However, the above guidelines do not take into account situations in which substances that are harmful to health and the environment can still be dangerous, for example, situations where they can escape. Accordingly, no meaningful action is required for this dangerous situation.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a battery packing material that is composed of two parts and includes a battery holder, and the battery holder is separated so as to receive the battery liquid flowing out in a gap in some cases.

  Patent Document 3 discloses a container having a predetermined breaking strength for transporting a small battery.

European Patent Application No. 2 180 537 Canadian Patent Application No. 2,280,620 International Publication No. 02/21614 Pamphlet

  The object of the present invention is to provide a safe, particularly simple and compact transport device for transporting and storing especially dangerous goods, especially electrochemical energy storage devices.

  This is achieved according to the invention by the teaching of the independent claims. Preferred variants of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

  The solution to this problem comprises at least one storage device for at least partially storing dangerous goods and at least one safety mechanism against dangerous situations due to dangerous goods, as described in detail below. A transport device for dangerous goods, in particular for at least one electrochemical energy storage device.

  An advantage of the present invention is that at least one safety mechanism is incorporated into the transport device. This combination of the storage device for storing the dangerous goods and the safety mechanism enables the safety function of the safety mechanism to deal with a possible dangerous situation more directly, that is, for example, more accurately or more quickly.

  The storage device preferably has, in particular, a lower surface that can be formed for mounting the container on an optional base plate, for this purpose the lower surface is on a euro pallet or other foundation, or the surface of a metal foundation Protrusions are provided, for example, for engaging with (electro) magnetic holding elements for holding or for example elastically deformable pedestal elements or the like. This lower surface preferably has substantially at least one flat area, or is substantially flat, so that when the transport device is arranged in a defined manner, this plane extends perpendicular to the direction of gravity. . The direction of gravity corresponds to the negative y direction within the description of the present invention, and is also referred to as “down” (correspondingly, the positive y direction is “up”). The storage device has an upper surface so as to cover the lower surface.

The storage device preferably comprises a frame or a cradle or consists of a frame or a cradle. This frame or pedestal is preferably formed so as to surround the storage volume or to be fixed with tension. The storage device, in particular the frame or the cradle, is preferably formed in order to ensure stability that provides safety against mechanical loads of the storage device. The storage device preferably withstands a load due to an overpressure of +1 bar or more or a negative pressure of -1 bar or less inside the storage device, and this pressure difference acts on the assumed or actual enveloping material of the storage device. The enveloping material defines the inside of the storage device with respect to the outside of the storage device. The storage device preferably withstands external loads, preferably up to 130 N / cm ² or more, without substantially damaging the storage device.

  The frame or the gantry can be provided with a fixing mechanism, which can fix the storage device and thus the transport device, i.e. limit the sliding properties of the storage device and thus the transport device relative to the surroundings, e.g. against the floor of the transport vehicle And is preferably preventable. The fixing mechanism can comprise a locking means, which can be fixed by locking the transport device using the surrounding complementary locking means. Complementary securing means, for example complementary locking means, may be arranged on the storage device or the transport device itself. In this case, a plurality of transport devices and / or storage devices can be coupled to each other, for example to form a composite of a plurality of transport devices or to form a transport device with a plurality of combined storage devices, for example. For example, it can be locked. Combining a plurality of storage devices of the transport device limits the mobility of the storage device, which can improve safety during storage or transport.

The storage device preferably comprises a base plate. This base plate is preferably a cuboid, in particular an object which is stable when the load is up to 2,000 kg or more, for example at least one plate according to industry standards, for example Euro pallets, preferably Euro according to DIN EN 13698 It may be formed of a pallet, the Euro pallet, preferably the base surface 0.1～2M ^2, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 m ^2, preferably 0.7 to 1.0 M ^2, preferably 0. 96 m ² . The base surface is preferably larger or smaller. The outer dimension of the length of the euro pallet is 100 to 2,000 mm, preferably 800 to 1,500 mm, preferably 1,000 to 1,300 mm, preferably 1,200 mm. The outer dimension of the width of the euro pallet is 50 to 2,000 mm, preferably 300 to 1,500 mm, preferably 700 to 1,200 mm, and preferably 800 mm. The height of the euro pallet is 10 to 500 mm, preferably 50 to 350 mm, preferably 70 to 200 mm, and preferably 144 mm. The length dimension and / or width dimension and / or height dimension of the euro pallet is preferably larger or smaller. For example, the use of the Europallet according to DIN EN 13698 allows the optimal use of the many existing mechanisms for transport and storage, such as truck, railcar or maritime container loading surfaces Is provided. This is because these mechanisms are often already optimally sized to the standard dimensions of this Europallet. The base plate can be provided with a fixing mechanism for fixing the storage device on the surface of the base plate or for fixing the transport device with respect to its surroundings, which makes it possible to fix, i.e. the storage device or the transport device Slidability is limited and preferably prevented.

  The width of the base plate can preferably correspond to the width of an optional frame or an optional pedestal. However, the width of the base plate may be larger or smaller than the width of the frame or the frame.

  The storage device can include a sealing mechanism that can be formed as a lid mechanism, for example, a sealing plate. The sealing mechanism can in particular be a separate member that can be coupled to the storage device, or it can be fixedly coupled to the storage device, ie non-removable without breaking. Furthermore, the storage device can include a holding mechanism for holding the sealing mechanism. The retention mechanism can have a hinge configuration or a rail configuration, and thus the sealing configuration can be implemented as a swivel seal or a slide seal. The sealing plate can be provided with a fixing mechanism, whereby the sealing plate can be fixed to the storage device. This securing mechanism can include, for example, a locking means, or can include a magnetic sealing element or a latching element.

  The width of the sealing plate may correspond to the width of the optional frame or optional cradle. However, the width of the sealing plate may be larger or smaller than the width of the frame or the frame.

The storage device can be formed as an open or closed container, or can comprise a container that can comprise, for example, a base plate, a frame or cradle, and a sealing plate. The container preferably comprises at least one side wall, which can be shaped, for example, in a hollow cylinder, or preferably comprises at least four joined side walls which substantially surround the volume of the cuboid. The storage capacity of the container preferably contains, for example, 1 to 1,000 dm ³ , 100 to 800 dm ³ , 200 to 700 dm ³ , 500 to 700 dm ³ , or more or less liquid volume, and the liquid volume is It is preferably suitable to protect against leakage at least in the direction of gravity (down).

  The storage device can be closed or sealed with respect to the surroundings. Preferably, the storage device has at least one or a plurality (for example> 2) or a large number (for example> 8) of openings, in particular the working relationship between the inside of the storage device and the outside of the storage device or the outside of the transport device by the opening It has an opening that makes possible. Thereby, in particular the safety mechanism can interact with the interior of the storage device, for example with dangerous goods, for example to extinguish a fire. The at least one opening is preferably formed at or near the surface of the top surface of the storage device and is preferably formed in an optional sealing mechanism.

  The components of the transport device, for example the base plate or frame or cradle or the side wall of the storage device, can be made of any material suitable for the storage of dangerous goods at that time, preferably treated, eg coated, or Untreated wood, or each such plastic, metal, steel, aluminum, thin metal plate, thick metal plate, fiber, fiber formation or felt, or composite material.

  Components such as, for example, the base plate, the side, the frame or the cradle and the sealing plate are preferably mutually connectable by means of material and / or positive and / or shape connection, thereby preferably from the transport device Undesirable material spillage to the surroundings, and conversely, material flow from the surroundings into the transport device may be reduced, and more preferably it can be prevented, especially in hazardous situations. The storage device or the transport device can be formed as a module, which can be combined with other modules by means of material connection and / or preferably positive connection and / or particularly preferably shape connection, whereby in the transport device A compact composite of storage devices or a composite of transport devices may be obtained.

The storage device can be made pliable, in particular elastic, for example with an elastic modulus <0.5 (or 0.1 or 0.05) kN / mm ² , which uses elastomers, eg silicone rubber Can be achieved. Alternatively or additionally, the storage mechanism can be made rigid, in particular substantially inelastic, for example with an elastic modulus> 0.5 (or 0.1 or 0.05) kN / mm ² . Furthermore, the storage device can comprise a flexible member in combination with or without a rigid component, which can be assigned to a safety mechanism, for example. The elastic property offers the advantage of being able to absorb mechanical shocks acting on the storage device from the outside, for example, thereby preventing damage. Stiffness properties prevent undesirable deformation and provide shape retention, which is also desirable to provide a stable storage device.

  The storage device preferably includes at least one buffer mechanism. The damping mechanism can have one or more elastic or inelastically deformable regions, which can substantially prevent mechanical shocks or vibrations during, for example, a mechanical shock, for example in a crash situation. Kinetic energy can be converted into deformation energy and thermal energy for absorption into As a result, dangerous goods can be protected. Such regions can each be an optional side wall of the storage device, a sealing mechanism, a base plate, a frame or cradle, or a component of the enveloping material. The number of regions can be 1, 2-5, 6-10, 11-20, 30-50, or more. This region can be arranged on one or more surfaces of the storage device and can be distributed particularly uniformly, for example at equal intervals. Further, this region can be a separate member that is disposed or secured to the surface of the storage device or the surface of a component of the storage device. For example, this deformable region may be formed as a closed or partial enveloping material for the storage device to form an “outer buffer zone”.

  The storage device comprises substantially only one component and can be molded integrally, for example as an aluminum composite film or aluminum part, and / or a plurality of components, for example a base plate, a frame or a cradle, or a sealing plate It is preferable that can be provided.

  The transport device can be formed such that the first storage device completely or at least partially surrounds the at least one second storage device. The first storage device can completely or at least partially surround the at least one second storage device, so that the at least one second storage device and the first storage device, ie the perimeter of the entire transport device There is no working relationship with. The first storage device can completely or partially surround at least one second storage device, so that an operational relationship between at least one second storage device and the surroundings is possible. The first storage device can be operatively associated with at least one second storage device. The first storage device can be in no working relationship with at least one second storage device. The first storage device may have a common part with at least one second storage device. The first storage device can be in contact with the at least one second storage device by material bonding and / or secure bonding and / or shape bonding.

  The possibility of this combination of at least one first and second storage device can provide a transport device with special advantages in terms of functionality, flexibility, storage safety, packing protection and ease of handling. is there.

  The first transport device is preferably connectable to at least one second transport device, preferably by material and / or positive and / or shape bonding.

  In one embodiment, the storage device at least partially defines the transport device outwardly with respect to the environment, and is particularly reusable or non-reusable and is accordingly reused or not reused for use. It is an outer packaging material.

  In one embodiment, the storage device collects dangerous goods, for example from a dangerous situation (for example, in the event of an accident, storage failure, etc.) so that the dangerous goods can be repeatedly stored, preferably reusable. It is a packaging device for collection that is reused according to the usage.

  The safety mechanism can be a single component of the transport device or a component combined with other safety mechanisms. Preferably, at least one storage device or a component of the storage device can be coupled to at least one safety mechanism by means of material and / or positive and / or shape connection.

  The safety mechanism can be present inside the storage device. The safety mechanism can be present on / on the outer surface of the storage device. A safety mechanism may be present between the first storage device and the at least one second storage device. It is possible to place the parts of the safety mechanism on the outer surface / on the storage device and / or the parts inside the storage device.

  The safety mechanism can be in working relationship with the storage device and / or the surroundings. The safety mechanism can be in no working relationship with the storage device and the surroundings.

  In one embodiment, at least two safety mechanisms may be provided. At least two safety mechanisms may be present inside the storage device. At least two safety mechanisms may be present on / on the outer surface of the storage device. At least two safety mechanisms may exist between the storage devices. The at least two safety mechanisms may comprise a part on the outer surface / on the storage device and / or a part inside the storage device.

  At least two safety mechanisms may be in working relationship with the storage device. The at least two safety mechanisms can be in no working relationship with the storage device. The at least two safety mechanisms can be in no working relationship with the surroundings. At least two safety mechanisms can be in working relationship with the surroundings.

  The at least two safety mechanisms can be in an interactive relationship with each other. The at least two safety mechanisms can be in no working relationship with each other. The at least two safety mechanisms can be in operative relationship with each other and / or the storage device and / or the surroundings. The at least two safety mechanisms may not be in any working relationship with each other and / or with the storage device and / or the surroundings. The at least two safety mechanisms can be in working relationship with at least one storage device and the surroundings. The at least two safety mechanisms can be in no working relationship with the at least one storage device and the surroundings.

  These safety mechanisms can be used for the same purpose, eg fire prevention. These safety mechanisms can be used for different purposes, for example, the first safety mechanism can be used for fire prevention and the second safety mechanism can be used for collecting spilled liquid.

  Advantageously, at least one safety mechanism for fire prevention and / or fire fighting is a component of the transport device. Advantageously, at least one safety mechanism for preventing material flow from the transport device to the surroundings of the transport device is a component of the transport device. Advantageously, at least one safety mechanism for preventing the inflow of substances from around the transport device into the transport device is a component of the transport device.

  Advantageously, at least three safety mechanisms are provided, wherein at least one first safety mechanism is provided from the inside of the storage device for fire prevention and / or fire fighting. For the absorption and / or removal of the solid, liquid or gaseous (chemical) substance and at least one third safety mechanism is solid, liquid or Used for absorption and / or removal of gaseous (chemical) substances.

  Each safety mechanism may be incorporated preferably before, during and after assembly of the transport device.

  Advantageously, a safety mechanism, in particular a container with a fire extinguishing agent, is arranged on the first storage device, in particular this safety mechanism releases the fire extinguishing agent at a minimum temperature and / or a minimum pressure. Preferably, capsules that rapidly disintegrate at minimum temperature and / or minimum pressure induce fire extinguishing agent release. The release of the fire extinguishing agent is preferably carried out by spraying.

  The safety mechanism is preferably formed as a container, preferably as a pad. A pad is a container containing a filling. The pad preferably has an internal space for containing a substance, such as a fire extinguisher, which is preferably dry, gelled or liquid, or preferably contains an aerosol fire extinguisher. It is out. The space for accommodating the substance is preferably defined by the pad wrapping material, and the wrapping material is preferably flexible. The enveloping material is preferably formed in a film shape. The enveloping material can be formed from a plurality of parts or one part. The enveloping material is preferably fitted with a specified breaking point at one or more specific positions, which opens when the parameter is above or below a certain value, for example when the pressure or temperature increases. , Send the contents around. Such a predetermined breakage point can be formed, for example, as a seam, particularly as a welded seam.

  Preferably, there is a capsule in the enveloping material or inside the enveloping material that decomposes rapidly when the parameter is above or below a certain value, for example when the pressure or temperature is increased, By releasing the gas, the internal pressure of the enveloping material is increased, thereby preferably opening one or more defined breaks to release the fire extinguishing agent, preferably spraying. However, it is also conceivable that a fire extinguisher which is activated by, for example, activation of a temperature rise exceeding a prescribed value and rapidly expands, for example, a fire extinguisher which is converted into aerosol, is present in the enveloping material.

In one embodiment, at least one safety mechanism is advantageously formed as a fire extinguishing mechanism. The fire extinguishing mechanism preferably includes at least one fire extinguishing agent or a mixture of extinguishing agents. Extinguishing agent, inert gas, can be made of particularly CO _2, Ar, or N _2, or mixtures thereof, or can contain it. The fire extinguisher can consist of or include a reaction inhibitor and / or spray foam. The fire extinguisher can consist of or contain cold water, which can contain at least one fire extinguisher additive. Further, the fire extinguishing agent can consist of or include an aerosol. The aerosol can be a dry aerosol. The fire extinguishing agent can be a fire extinguishing powder, in particular ABC powder, BC powder, or D powder.

  Preferably, at least one fire extinguisher additive consisting of a polymer formulation that incorporates many times its own weight of water and an adherent, heat-insulating gel consisting of uniformly thickened water without the incorporation of air .

It is preferred that at least one fire extinguisher additive has excellent adhesion capability on smooth and vertical surfaces. The layer thickness is preferably up to 10 mm. However, the layer thickness may be larger or smaller. It is preferable that at least one fire extinguishing agent additive reduces the evaporation rate of water even at high temperatures based on physical and chemical properties. More preferably, this reduces the consumption of fire water. It is preferred that at least one fire extinguisher additive is at least partially biodegradable. A particularly preferred extinguishing agent additive has a product viscosity at 20 ° C. of 200 to 500 mPas. However, the product viscosity may be larger or smaller. A particularly preferred extinguishing agent additive has a density of 1.05 g / cm ³ . However, the density may be larger or smaller.

  Particularly preferred extinguishing agents (additives) have a pH value at 20 ° C. of between 6.9 and 7.1. However, the pH value may be larger or smaller. Preferred metering rates for fire extinguishing agents (additives) are 1.0% to 1.5% for fire extinguishing, 2.0% to 3.0% for shielding and 1.0 for fire extinguishing equipment. % To 2.0%. However, the distribution rate may be larger or smaller. Such a fire extinguisher additive is, for example, sold by Evonik under the trade name “Firesorb” (2010, authorization number PL 1-98).

  It is preferred that the at least one safety mechanism comprises a pressure reducing mechanism, which is preferably resealable, in particular a valve, for example a Helbiger-Ventil, and / or a flap valve, for example a multiple flap valve The multiple flap valve can be provided with a plurality of thin plates, for example, and adjacent thin plates can be in contact with each other in the closed state. The flap valve may in particular be a flap valve that is acted upon by a spring. Furthermore, the safety mechanism can have a defined breaking point, in particular in a component of the storage device, for example a sealing mechanism.

  The transport device preferably comprises at least one bat element. This bat element can be a bowl-shaped member, in particular a collecting bat. At least one safety mechanism is preferably formed as a collecting bat for the liquid flowing out of the storage device and is formed from a suitable material or a suitable material, in particular steel, metal plate, aluminum, copper, It is preferably formed from a combination of metals, plastics such as PVC or PE, or further from one or more films of one or more of these materials. Preferably, the storage device is arranged inside and / or above the collecting bat, preferably inside the collecting bat. Preferably, the lateral dimension of the collection bat exceeds the lateral dimension of the standard euro pallet, or the lateral dimension of the collection bat substantially matches the lateral dimension of the standard euro pallet. . The collecting bat can be coupled to the at least one storage mechanism by means of material coupling and / or positive coupling and / or shape coupling, and can be coupled in particular fixedly, ie non-removably without breaking. However, the collecting bat may not be coupled to at least one storage device.

  Preferably, the bottom or side of the bat element comprises at least one separation mechanism, for example one or more pedestals or ribs, in order to separate the bottom of the bat from the lower surface of the bottom of the storage device disposed thereon. Yes. However, the lower surface of the bottom of the storage device may be provided with the separation mechanism. The separation mechanism is preferably made of a suitable material such as wood or metal. The separation mechanism is preferably coupled to the bottom surface of the collecting bat and the bottom surface of the bottom portion of the storage device by material coupling and / or positive coupling. The separation mechanism can comprise locking means, which can be secured by locking the transport device using complementary locking means of the bat.

  Preferably at least one safety mechanism has the ability to chemisorb and / or physisorb and / or chemisorb and / or physically absorb solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous (chemical) substances. .

  Surrounding dangerous goods by at least one safety mechanism capable of chemisorption and / or physisorption and / or chemistry absorption and / or physisorption of solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous chemicals Is preferred.

  In one embodiment, the safety mechanism is formed as a rapidly curing foam. The foam may have, for example, fire resistance and / or moisture absorption and / or impact cushioning properties.

  At least one safety mechanism, preferably for composites and fire protection, preferably composite film and / or ceramic spray materials (eg materials as known under the trade name Separion of Evonik Industries AG) and / or heat-shielding Formed as a flame retardant and / or gas-tight and / or liquid-tight hazardous material enveloping material consisting of a heat-resistant gel and / or flame-resistant spray foam and / or PCM (phase change material) Preferably, it is preferably sprayed onto the dangerous goods from the can.

Flame retardant and / or gas-tight and / or liquid-tight enveloping material consists of a polymer formulation that takes in water multiple times its own weight and water that is uniformly thickened without air mixing It is preferable that it can consist of a heat-insulating gel. It is preferable that the flame retardant and / or airtight and / or liquid-tight dangerous material enveloping material has an excellent adhesion ability even on a smooth and vertical surface. The layer thickness is preferably up to 10 mm. However, the layer thickness may be larger or smaller. It is preferable that the flame retardant and / or gas-tight and / or liquid-tight enveloping material reduce the evaporation rate of water even at high temperatures based on physical and chemical characteristics. More preferably, this reduces the consumption of fire water. It is preferred that the flame retardant and / or gas tight and / or liquid tight hazardous material encapsulant is at least partially biodegradable. Particularly preferred flame retardant and / or gas-tight and / or liquid-tight enveloping materials have a product viscosity at 20 ° C. of 200 to 500 mPas. However, the product viscosity may be larger or smaller. A particularly preferred flame retardant and / or gas tight and / or liquid tight dangerous material enveloping material has a density of 1.05 g / cm ³ . However, the density may be larger or smaller.

  Particularly preferred flame retardant and / or gas tight and / or liquid tight dangerous material encapsulating materials have a pH value at 20 ° C. of between 6.9 and 7.1. However, the pH value may be larger or smaller.

  The preferred distribution rate of the flame retardant and / or gas tight and / or liquid tight dangerous material enveloping material is 2.0% to 3.0% in the case of shielding. However, the distribution rate may be larger or smaller. Such a flame-retardant and / or air-tight and / or liquid-tight enveloping material is sold, for example, by Evonik under the trade name “Firesorb” (2010, authorization number PL 1-98). .

  Particularly preferred is that the at least one safety mechanism is formed as a flame retardant and / or gas-tight and / or liquid-tight enveloping material and has the ability to shield heat. The enveloping material is preferably formed so that the surface temperature of the dangerous substance in the storage device does not preferably exceed 100 ° C., 150 ° C., or 200 ° C., respectively.

  Preferably, the at least one safety mechanism comprises a gas suction mechanism, which can comprise a fan, for example. Preferably, the gas evacuation mechanism comprises a filter mechanism, for example an activated carbon filter system, which is generated, for example, inside the storage device to reduce, limit or prevent gas spillage around the storage device. Gas (mixture) to be sucked off, preferably filtered. The filter system can be a catalytic and / or mechanically acting filter system. Further, the safety mechanism can include a filter mechanism regardless of the gas suction mechanism.

  It is preferred that the at least one safety mechanism comprises a sensor system, in particular the interior and / or exterior of the transport device and / or the interior and / or exterior of the storage device and / or the interior of the dangerous goods and / or External atmospheric pressure and / or mechanical pressure and / or temperature and / or humidity and / or air composition are measured. The sensor system can comprise at least one temperature measurement sensor. The safety mechanism, in particular the sensor system, can comprise a control mechanism, which can in particular include a calculation mechanism, for example an integrated circuit or a microcontroller.

  Preferably, the sensor system can be in working relationship with the vehicle and / or dangerous goods, for example in contact with the battery management system (BMS) of the electrochemical energy storage unit, preferably the parameters are defined At least one additional safety mechanism, for example a fire extinguishing facility, can be activated when the value is exceeded or below.

  In one embodiment, the sensor system can be in working relationship with at least one safety mechanism formed, for example, for fire prevention or extinguishing.

  Working relationship refers here to a safety mechanism for extinguishing, for example, when a sensor system measures a specific parameter, e.g. battery temperature or state of charge, above or below a certain predefined value. It also means that fire extinguishing agent is released. However, the sensor system, for example, indicates to the vehicle driver that a certain parameter value has been exceeded or below, for example by means of a warning lamp or sound signal in the cab, so that the driver is formed, for example, as a fire extinguisher Appropriate measures may be taken such as activation of a safety mechanism.

  The sensor is advantageously in contact with a control element belonging to the sensor system, which compares the value of a parameter, for example pressure or temperature, measured by the sensor system with a predefined parameter value. Then, when it exceeds or falls below a predetermined value, a safety mechanism such as fire extinguishing equipment is activated. Preferably, a parameter value, such as pressure or temperature, measured by the sensor system is informed to the driver so that the driver can activate the safety mechanism when it exceeds or falls below a predefined value. .

  It is preferred that the transport device comprises a control mechanism. The control mechanism can include an electrical circuit, a microcontroller, a data supply element and a voltage supply element. Furthermore, the control mechanism can be connected to a sensor, which is optionally a component of a transport device, in particular a storage device or a safety mechanism. This allows active control and monitoring of the transport device.

  It is preferred that the transport device comprises a cooling mechanism or a temperature mechanism that can be monitored in particular by this control mechanism. This can cope with a critical temperature inside the transport device or storage device.

  The transport device preferably comprises means for monitoring the state of charge of an electrochemical energy storage element such as a cell, a battery, a secondary battery. This means is specifically designed to monitor the charging and / or discharging of these energy storage devices. This may make it possible, for example, to monitor the state of the energy storage device arranged in the transport device, for example during transport or storage, in particular the charge and / or discharge during transport or storage.

  The transport device or the storage device preferably comprises an electrical connection for connecting the electrochemical energy storage unit.

  In this way, a particularly safe and compact transport device is obtained, in particular for transporting dangerous goods, for example electrochemical energy storage units.

  In one embodiment, a pallet, preferably a euro pallet as a base plate, is advantageously a component of the transport device. In one embodiment, a mounting frame made of wood, metal plate, steel or plastic, for example, as a definition to the surroundings, is advantageously a component of the transport device. In one embodiment, a storage device consisting of an aluminum composite film and a PU foam cushion is used, which advantageously encloses dangerous goods. In one embodiment, a safety mechanism, in particular a container with a fire extinguisher, is advantageously placed on the first transport device, which safety mechanism can be used for fire extinguishing agent at the lowest temperature and / or at the lowest pressure. Capsules that release and preferably rapidly break down at the lowest temperature and / or lowest pressure induce the release of the fire extinguishing agent.

  The method according to the invention for assembling a storage device according to the invention comprises the following optional steps.

  In the first step, all the components of the storage device are prepared. In the next step, the components of the prepared storage device are assembled. The next step is to prepare all the components of the safety mechanism. The next step is to assemble all the components of the safety mechanism. Instead, a safety mechanism (for example, a fire extinguisher) or a storage device (for example, a wooden box) already assembled as a finished product may be used. In the next step, the safety mechanism can be placed on or in the storage mechanism and vice versa, so that the transport device according to the invention is obtained. Instead, a plurality of storage devices with at least one safety mechanism may be arranged in order to obtain a transport device according to the invention.

  The transport device according to the invention is particularly suitable for transporting shipments or dangerous goods with new, new, newly developed or ready-to-sell dangerous goods, in particular new, new, new Preferably, it can be used to transport an electrochemical energy storage unit that has been developed or is ready for sale.

  The transport device according to the present invention is particularly suitable for transporting shipments or dangerous goods with dangerous goods that are damaged, failed or non-tight, especially for damaged, broken or non-tight chemicals. Preferably it can be used to transport an energy storage unit.

  It is possible to combine the features of the method and apparatus according to the present invention to form an object according to the present invention.

  For the description of the invention, the following concepts are defined in particular.

  “Recovery packaging” is packaging equipment used to transport spilled or spilled damaged, faulty, or non-tight hazardous materials to transport dangerous materials for recovery or disposal purposes. is there.

  “Dangerous goods (Gefahrgut)” is also referred to as a dangerous substance (Gefahrriches Gut) or a dangerous article (Gefahrrügeter) or a dangerous substance (gefahrritchet guter). This concept is based on chemical and / or physical properties during transport and / or chemical and / or physical conditions and / or their nature, to human, animal health and life for important shared property, Substances, articles, products, equipment, components, solutions, mixtures, formulations, or mixtures containing substances that may pose a danger to the environment, nature, and other things, as well as to society as a whole, public safety or order It can be understood, for example, an electrochemical energy storage device (eg a lithium ion cell). For example, the dangerous material may already be wrapped in the first enveloping material.

  “Transportation” is the transportation of all kinds of goods by water, land and air. The concept of “transportation” includes transporting, storing, collecting, packing, shipping, and the like of dangerous goods within the framework of the present invention.

  “Chemicals” include solid, liquid or gaseous compounds, substances, solutions, mixtures, mixtures, and / or formulations.

  "Outer packaging material" is the outer packaging material of a combination or composite packaging material and includes all the mechanisms necessary and / or appropriate to surround or / and protect the inner container or inner packaging material It is out.

  A change in the state of the first part also changes the state of the second part, and / or vice versa, the first part is “working” with the second part. For example, if the sensor measures an increase in temperature and thereby the fire extinguishing equipment is activated, the sensor and the fire extinguishing equipment are in operative relationship with each other. However, for example, the sensor measures the temperature rise, but when the driver first activates the fire extinguishing equipment simply by notifying the driver of the temperature rise, for example, the fire extinguishing equipment and the sensor have no working relationship.

  An “electrochemical energy storage device” is a device that also includes at least one galvanic cell. The apparatus also includes a further mechanism that serves to operate at least one galvanic cell. In this case, the at least one galvanic cell and the supplementary mechanism can be arranged in a common housing. Even with a certain number of galvanic cells, the electrochemical energy storage device can consist of a plurality of units. The concept of galvanic cells includes all kinds of electrical energy stores, in particular electrochemical energy stores, in particular primary and secondary cells, but also other electrical energy stores such as capacitors, for example. Contains.

  A “plate” is a substantially cuboid object, and the preferred spread of this object, preferably in the vertical direction (height), is less than the two-dimensional, preferably horizontal spread (length and / or width). It is preferable that the plate is stable and does not deform even under a weight load in the direction of gravity, for example. For example, a euro pallet is defined as a plate.

  “Area” is defined by the sum of all lines stretched in a common plane. The width is preferably the width of a substantially cuboid object and is defined by a two-dimensional, preferably horizontal spread (also referred to as length and width) of the object.

  “Adsorption” refers to a process in which material accumulates at a two-phase interface (eg, a surface).

  “Absorption” refers to the process by which substances are incorporated into the absorbing phase.

  Further advantages, features, and applicability of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments in connection with the figures.

1 is a schematic view of a first exemplary embodiment of a transport device according to the present invention with a fire extinguishing mechanism, assembled according to the present invention and prepared for use. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another exemplary embodiment of a transport device according to the present invention, as well as one exemplary embodiment of a method according to the present invention for assembling the transport device. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one exemplary embodiment of a transport device according to the present invention with a collection bat and a gas suction mechanism. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another exemplary embodiment according to the present invention of a transport device according to the present invention comprising four relatively small storage devices and having a sensor system attached thereto.

  FIG. 1 shows a transport device 100 according to the invention comprising a storage device composed of a bottom plate 110, a frame 120 and a lid 130. Within the lid 130 is a safety mechanism, preferably formed as a pad, which has a fire extinguishing agent 132 and a defined break (not shown), and another safety mechanism 134. For example, there are degradable capsules, which release the fire extinguishing agent 132 into the transport device 100, for example, when the temperature or pressure increases. This can be triggered, for example, by an increase in pressure inside the pad, which opens, for example, one or more defined breaks and releases the extinguishing agent 132 into the transport device 100, preferably by spraying.

  The storage device frame 120, lid 130, and bottom plate 110 are coupled to each other, preferably so that no gas or liquid exchange from the transport device 100 to the surroundings and vice versa can occur. Are combined.

  FIG. 2 shows a method for assembling a transport device according to the invention, which can also be applied to the transport device 100, for example.

  The first step involves the preparation of a storage device comprising a frame 120, a lid 130 and a base plate or bottom plate 110 formed by a euro pallet. In the second step, the frame 120 is placed on the bottom plate 110 and coupled to the bottom plate.

  The third independent step involves placing the hazardous material 150 in the container 140, which can comprise an enveloping material 144 within which the filling material 142 is present. The filling material may be formed as a safety mechanism that surrounds the hazardous material 150. The enveloping material 144 can be formed from, for example, an aluminum composite film, and preferably can be formed so that neither gas nor liquid can reach the enveloping material 144 from the surroundings, and vice versa. The filler material 142 may comprise, for example, a rapidly curing foam, such as PU foam.

  Hazardous material 150 may be placed before or after filling container 140 with filling material 142. The dangerous material 150 is preferably placed in the container 140 so that the filling material 142 uniformly surrounds the dangerous material 150 in all spatial directions.

  In the fourth step, the container 140 having the dangerous substance 150, the encapsulating material 144, and the filling material 142 is placed in a storage device having the base plate 110 and the frame 120.

  The volume of the container 140 is preferably selected to correspond to the volume of the storage device formed from the frame 120 and the base plate 110. The upper limit corresponds to the height of the frame 120. The lateral dimensions of the container 140 are selected so as not to exceed the lateral dimensions of the euro pallet 110. The gap between the frame 120 and the base plate 110 and the container 140 can be filled with a filling material, such as PU foam, polystyrene foam, or paper, thus limiting the mobility of the container 140 within the storage devices 110, 120. Preferably not present.

  In the fifth step, the sealing mechanism, ie the lid 130, is placed on the storage device filled with the container 140 and is fixedly connected to the storage device, more precisely to the frame 120 of the storage device, preferably around And the completed transport device 100 are coupled so that no exchange of liquids and gases can occur. The lid 130 preferably terminates on the same plane as the container 140. The gap formed between the lid 130 and the container 140 can be filled with a filling material, such as PU foam, polystyrene foam, or paper, thereby allowing a coplanar termination between the lid 130 and the container 140. .

  The lid 130 includes a safety mechanism having a fire extinguishing agent 132 and another safety mechanism 134, for example, a degradable capsule that causes the fire extinguishing agent 132 to be released into the transport device 100, preferably by spraying, when the temperature or pressure increases. Is included.

  The lid 130 is assembled in an independent step. For example, the lid 130 having a hollow space can be prepared. The hollow space may be filled, for example, with a container, which is filled with a fire extinguishing agent 132, is under pressure, and may include a defined break. There may be an activation mechanism 134, such as a degradable capsule that induces a break at the defined break point when the temperature or pressure is increased, at the defined break point of the container filled with the extinguishing agent 132. For example, if a container filled with extinguishing agent 132 is under pressure, the extinguishing agent can be released by spraying, which is preferred according to the present invention.

  Thus, a safe, simple and compact transport device 100 for transporting and storing the dangerous goods 150 is obtained.

  FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of a transport device 102 according to the present invention that includes a collection bat 170 for liquid flowing out of the container 140. The collection bat 170 is disposed on the base plate 160. The outer dimension of the length and width of the collecting bat 170 is larger than the outer dimension of the length and width of the base plate 160. The separation mechanism 172 separates the bottom of the collection bat 170 from the bottom surface of the bottom of the container 140 used as a storage device for the dangerous goods 150.

  The container 140 is preferably composed of a stable encapsulant 144. The enveloping material 144 surrounds the volume. Dangerous goods 150 may be placed in this volume. The volume of the dangerous substance 150 and the volume defined on the inner wall of the enveloping material 144 are selected such that when the dangerous substance 150 is placed in the enveloping material 144, an empty space that can be filled with the filling material 142 remains. Preferably it is done. The filling material 142 preferably surrounds the dangerous goods 150 so that the mobility of the dangerous goods 150 within the container 140 is limited, and preferably not present. The dangerous material 150 is preferably placed in the enveloping material 144 so that the filling material 142 uniformly surrounds the dangerous material 150 in all spatial directions.

  The gas exiting the hazardous material 150 may be sucked off by a gas suction mechanism 180, preferably equipped with an activated carbon filter system, and / or preferably harmless.

  FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of the transport device 104, which includes the outer enveloping material 190, one or more containers 140 used as a storage device for dangerous goods 150, a fire extinguishing agent 132, a fire extinguishing agent. It consists of a control mechanism 138 for activation or activation of 132 and a plurality of sensors 135, 136 in contact with the control mechanism 138.

  Each container 140 is comprised of an enveloping material 144, which preferably allows stacking of a plurality of containers 140. Each of the enveloping materials 144 includes a volume in which the dangerous substance 150 and the filling material 142 can be placed. The filling material 142 preferably surrounds the dangerous goods 150 such that it is preferably absent so that the mobility of the dangerous goods 150 within the container 140 is limited. The dangerous material 150 is preferably placed in the encapsulant 144 such that the filler material 142 substantially uniformly surrounds the dangerous material 150 in all spatial directions.

  Each of the sensors 135 is attached to a dangerous material 150 in the container 140. This sensor 135 may extend into the dangerous goods. If the hazardous material 150 is, for example, an electrochemical energy storage device, the sensor 135 can be connected to the BMS (battery management system) of the electrochemical energy storage device 150.

  Sensor 135 can measure parameters such as pressure, temperature, air composition, etc., and communicate data to control mechanism 138. Additional sensors 136 are present inside and outside the outer wrapper 190 of the transport device 104 to measure parameters such as, for example, pressure, temperature, air composition, and communicate data to the control mechanism 138. Is preferred.

  The control mechanism 138 can, for example, compare the parameter values obtained by the sensors 135, 136 with a predetermined value of the parameter, and when it exceeds or falls below a predetermined limit value, the extinguishing agent 132. Can be activated or released into the transport device 104. Preferably, the control mechanism 138 notifies the driver of the obtained parameter value so that the driver can release the extinguishing agent 132 from the fire extinguishing mechanism.

100, 102, 104 Transport device 110, 160 Base plate, bottom plate 120 Frame 130 Sealing mechanism, lid 132 Extinguishing agent 134 Activation mechanism 135, 136 Sensor 138 Control mechanism 140 Container 142 Filling material 144 Encapsulating material 150 Dangerous material 170 Capture Collecting bat 172 Separation mechanism 180 Gas suction device 190 Outer enveloping material

Claims (13)

A transport device (100, 102, 104) for dangerous goods, in particular for at least one electrochemical energy storage device,
At least one storage device (110, 120, 130, 140, 160) for at least partially storing the dangerous goods (150);
At least one safety mechanism (132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 142, 170, 180) against dangerous situations due to the stored dangerous goods (150);
Equipped with a transport device.   The at least one safety mechanism comprises at least one means (142 for chemisorption and / or physisorption and / or chemisorption and / or physisorption of liquid and / or gaseous and / or solid substances. The transportation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:   3. Transportation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one safety mechanism comprises at least one mechanism (132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 142) for fire prevention and / or fire fighting. apparatus.   4. A transport device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one safety mechanism comprises a gas suction device (180), preferably comprising a filter system.   5. A transport device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one safety mechanism comprises at least one collecting bat (170). The at least one safety mechanism comprises sensors (135, 136) for measuring parameters such as temperature or pressure, for example;
The transport device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the safety mechanism is configured to automatically activate a safety process in accordance with the measured parameter.   7. A transport device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one safety mechanism comprises a fire extinguishing agent (132, 142).   8. The transport device according to claim 7, wherein the at least one safety mechanism includes a pad, and a fire extinguishing agent (132) is accommodated in an internal space of the pad. The storage device is
At least one base plate (110, 160) substantially formed as a euro pallet;
At least one container (140) for accommodating said dangerous goods (150), in particular substantially corresponding to or smaller than the outer dimensions of the length and width of the euro pallet;
The transport apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: The storage device comprises at least one container (140) for storing the dangerous goods (150);
10. A transport device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container is at least partially filled with a filling material (142).   The transportation device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one safety mechanism is operatively connected to a battery management system for a secondary battery stored in the storage device. . At least one of the following steps: at least one storage device (110, 120, 130, 140, 160) which may comprise an enveloping material (144, 190) for at least partially storing said dangerous goods (150). The steps to prepare,
Placing at least one safety mechanism (132, 134, 136, 138, 142, 170, 180) against dangerous situations due to the stored dangerous goods (150) on or in the storage device;
The manufacturing method of the transport apparatus (100, 102, 104) as described in any one of Claim 1 to 11 containing these in arbitrary orders.   12. Transport according to any one of the preceding claims for transporting or storing a lithium-based electrochemical energy storage device or components thereof, in particular for recovering a failed electrochemical energy storage device. Use of equipment.

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