JP2013221949A - Muffler for musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce variation in blowing feeling, pitch and the like in comparison with non-use of a muffler and to produce stable instrumental sounds, in instrument performance using a muffler.SOLUTION: A muffler 10 has an enclosure 11 housing an alto saxophone 20. With the alto saxophone 20 housed in the enclosure, a mouthpiece 21 of the alto saxophone 20 is located outside the enclosure 11 and insertion of right and left hands of a player into the enclosure is permitted to enable the player to play the alto saxophone 20 from the outside of the enclosure 11. A resonance device 12 resonating at a prescribed frequency is built in the enclosure 11, and the resonance device 12 changes acoustic characteristics of the alto saxophone 20 in the enclosure 11.

Description

  The present invention relates to a silencer for a musical instrument that silences a performance sound of the musical instrument.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below, for example, a silencer that houses a saxophone in a sealed casing and silences a performance sound is known. In this silencer, a lead outlet is provided at the top of the housing to allow the mouthpiece to protrude outside, allowing the performer to hold the mouthpiece, and providing an access port on the side of the housing. Musical instruments can be played by allowing the player's left and right hands to be inserted into the case and operated by keys.

Japanese Patent No. 40699985 Japanese Patent No. 4521778

  However, when the present inventor performed a musical instrument using the silencer as in the prior art, the inside of the silencer becomes a narrow space, so that the normal performance without using the silencer and the silencer were used. With performance, I discovered that there was a change in the feeling of wind and pitch. In particular, we discovered that the lower the sound, the lower the sound, the more difficult it is to sound the instrument sound stably.

  FIG. 4 shows the resonance characteristics of the lowest sound fingering in the alto saxophone when the silencer is not used by a solid line, and shows the resonance characteristics of the lowest sound fingering in the alto saxophone when the conventional silencer is used. It is indicated by a broken line. Hereinafter, the resonance characteristics and the description of the embodiment are based on the case of fingering of the lowest sound. These resonance characteristics are displayed so that the peak levels of the second mode are the same. Furthermore, these resonance characteristics are frequency characteristics of an acoustic signal picked up by a microphone installed at the mouth end (closed end) of the instrument with respect to the measurement signal. Specifically, it is a frequency characteristic of an acoustic signal that is input from a speaker with white noise sound in a tube in a closed state with a small hole left at the mouth end and collected by a microphone incorporated in the inside of the mouth end.

  As can be understood from the resonance characteristics of FIG. 4, the resonance characteristics of the alto saxophone when the silencer is used are relatively higher than the resonance characteristics of the alto saxophone when the silencer is not used. It can be seen that the frequency (pitch) of the first mode slightly changes at the same time. Further, in the original alto saxophone resonance characteristics, that is, the alto saxophone resonance characteristics when the silencer is not used, the peak level of the first mode tends to be relatively smaller than the peak level of the second mode. Therefore, at the time of performance, the low sound tends to turn over to the sound above the octave. When the conventional silencer is used, the resonance characteristic changes so that the peak level of the first mode is relatively lowered as compared with the case where the silencer is not used. As a result, when the conventional silencer is used, the low sound is more likely to be turned over to the sound on the octave, and it is further difficult to stably generate the musical instrument sound.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to change the acoustic characteristics of the musical instrument or the surroundings of the musical instrument in the silencer so that the silencer can be used even in musical instrument performance using the silencer. An object of the present invention is to provide a silencer for a musical instrument that is capable of producing a stable musical instrument sound while reducing changes in feeling of wind and pitch as compared with the case where it is not used. In the description of each constituent element of the present invention below, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, reference numerals of corresponding portions of the embodiments described later are shown in parentheses, but each constituent element of the present invention is described. Should not be construed as limited to the configuration of the corresponding parts indicated by the reference numerals of this embodiment.

  In order to achieve the above object, a structural feature of the present invention is that a musical instrument silencer that accommodates a musical instrument (20) in a casing (11, 13) and enables musical instrument performance from outside the casing. In this case, a resonance device (12) that resonates at a predetermined frequency is provided in the casing to change the acoustic characteristics of the instrument in the casing or around the instrument. In this case, it is preferable that the resonance device corrects a change in the sound pressure distribution in a state where the musical instrument is housed in the housing and is played with respect to the sound pressure distribution in a state where the musical instrument is played in the housing.

  According to this, even when the performer houses and plays the musical instrument in the casing, the resonance device changes the acoustic characteristics of the musical instrument. And if this change corrects the change in acoustic characteristics caused by housing the instrument in the housing, that is, it corrects the change in sound pressure distribution caused by housing the instrument in the housing. If so, the same acoustic characteristics as when the musical instrument is not housed in the casing can be obtained, and the wind feeling, pitch, and stable performance similar to those in the normal performance without using the silencer can be realized. Further, if the change of the acoustic characteristics by the resonance device is set according to the player's preference, it is possible to perform musical instruments such as wind feeling and timbre according to the player's preference.

  In addition, when the resonance device corrects a change in acoustic characteristics during performance caused by housing the instrument in the housing, the resonance device is operated at the predetermined frequency while the instrument is housed in the housing. The position where the sound pressure is higher than the state where the musical instrument is played without being housed in the casing and the position where the sound pressure of the resonance device is lowered may be arranged to coincide with each other. This predetermined frequency is, for example, the frequency of the first mode in which the peak level is reduced (see FIG. 4). According to this, resonance (resonance) at a predetermined frequency is strengthened, the sound pressure level at the predetermined frequency is increased, and a wind feeling and a stable performance in a state where the instrument is not housed in the housing can be reproduced.

  In addition, in the case where the change in acoustic characteristics caused by housing the instrument in the housing is corrected by the resonance device, the sound at the predetermined frequency is played with the resonance device housed in the housing. You may make it arrange | position so that the position where the pressure is high and the position where the sound pressure of a resonance apparatus becomes low may correspond. This predetermined frequency is, for example, the frequency of the second mode at a position near the frequency of the first mode where the peak level is reduced (see FIG. 4). According to this, the resonance (resonance) due to a predetermined frequency (for example, the frequency of the second mode) is weakened, and the frequency near the peak level (for example, the first mode) is lowered by housing the instrument in the housing. Even when the resonance (resonance) due to the frequency of the mode is weakened, the relative relationship between the peak levels of the two frequencies can be made the same as when the instrument is not housed in the housing, stable performance, up to the low-pitched octave It can be difficult to turn the sound over.

  Further, another structural feature of the present invention is that the resonance device is constituted by a structure having at least one end opened, and at least one end of the structure being opened is located in the housing. In this case, the structure is, for example, a cylindrical pipe or a container having an opening, and the opened one end corresponds to a position where the sound pressure of the resonance device is lowered. According to this, the resonance device can be configured easily.

It is the schematic sectional drawing which accommodated the alto saxophone in the silencer concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is the schematic sectional drawing which accommodated the alto saxophone in the silencer concerning the modification of the embodiment. It is the schematic sectional drawing which accommodated the alto saxophone in the silencer concerning the modification of the embodiment. It is the schematic sectional drawing which accommodated the alto saxophone in the silencer concerning the modification of the embodiment. The graph which shows the resonance characteristic of the alto saxophone when the silencer is not used, the resonance characteristic of the alto saxophone when the conventional silencer is used, and the resonance characteristic of the alto saxophone when the silencer according to the embodiment is used It is. It is a graph which shows the resonance characteristic of the alto saxophone when not using a silencer, and the resonance characteristic of an alto saxophone when using a conventional silencer.

  Hereinafter, the silencer for musical instruments which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view in which an alto saxophone 20 is accommodated in the silencer 10 according to the embodiment.

  The silencer 10 has a housing 11 for housing the alto saxophone 20. The housing 11 includes a pair of resin shells on the left and right sides, and the pair of shells can be opened and closed by a hinge provided on the back side, and a plurality of patchon locks are provided on the front side. The alto saxophone 20 is accommodated in the housing 11 in a state in which the lock by the patchon lock is released and the pair of shells is opened, and the pair of shells is closed by locking the patchon lock after the alto sax 20 is received. When the pair of shells are closed, the casing 11 is sealed, and a sealed space is formed in the casing 11.

  A lead outlet 11a is provided in the upper part of the housing 11, and when the alto saxophone 20 is accommodated, the mouthpiece 21 of the alto saxophone 20 protrudes to the outside through the lead outlet 11a. Thereby, the performer can hold a mouthpiece. The lead outlet 11a is provided with an elastic seal member for sealing the inside and preventing leakage of the sound to the outside. Also, a pair of left and right acquisition ports (not shown) are provided on the side surface of the housing 11, that is, the side surfaces of the pair of left and right shells. The pair of left and right acquisition ports is configured by attaching an insertion sheet formed of a resin such as elastic rubber having an insertion hole enough to fit a wrist to circular through-hole portions provided in a pair of shells. . The performer can operate the key 22 of the alto saxophone 20 by inserting both left and right hands into the housing 11 through the insertion hole of the insertion sheet. The size of the insertion hole is designed so that the player's operation of the key 22 can be performed without hindrance and the confidentiality with the outside is kept as much as possible.

  A resonance device 12 is provided in the housing 11. In this embodiment, the resonance device 12 is configured by a cylindrical pipe (resonance tube or acoustic tube) formed of a resin that is open at one end and closed at the other end, and the peak level should be adjusted. It is designed to resonate at frequency (resonance). In the present embodiment, for example, the inner diameter is about several centimeters and the resin is deformable. Since the resonance device 12 is a deformable cylindrical pipe, it can be easily accommodated when the resonance device 12 is accommodated in the housing 11, but the resonance device 12 is accommodated in the housing 11. If it does not hinder, a cylindrical pipe that cannot be deformed may be used. Further, the resonance device 12 is arranged with the opening end side facing the bell of the alto saxophone 20. The characteristics and arrangement of the resonance device 12 will be described later in detail.

  In the above embodiment, the entire resonance device 12 is accommodated in the housing 11, but as shown in FIG. 1B, the resonance device 12 may be disposed so as to protrude from the housing 11. . In this case, the housing 11 is provided with a through hole 11b, the resonance device 12 is passed through the through hole 11b with the closed end side of the resonance device 12 facing the outside of the housing 11, and the outer peripheral surface of the resonance device 12 is disposed in the housing 11. It is brought into close contact with the body 11 to maintain confidentiality inside the housing 11.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, a multilayer structure in which another casing 13 is provided outside the casing 11 so as to surround the casing 11 may be used. For example, the housing 13 also includes a pair of shells on the left and right sides, the pair of shells are configured to be opened and closed by a hinge provided on the back side, a plurality of patchon locks are provided on the front side, and the inside is the housing 11. It is integrated with. And in the state which released the lock by the patchon lock | rock, it accommodates in the housing | casing 11 and the housing | casing 13 in which the alto saxophone 20 was integrated, and a pair of shells of a multilayer structure are closed by locking a patchon lock | rock after accommodation. . In a state where the pair of shells are closed, the casings 11 and 13 are sealed, and a sealed space is formed in the casings 11 and 13. In these cases, the sound leaking to the outside can be made smaller than in the case of only the housing 11. Although the silencer 10 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B has a double structure, it may have a multilayer structure depending on the performance required for the silencer 10, and the opening end of the resonance device 12 is more than the outermost surface. If it is located inside, it can be implemented in various forms.

  Also, with respect to these housings 13, a lead outlet 13 a is provided at the top of the housing 13, and when the alto saxophone 20 is housed in the housing 11 and the housing 13, the lead outlet 13 a is provided. The mouthpiece 21 of the alto saxophone 20 is projected to the outside through the. Thereby, the performer can hold a mouthpiece. Further, the lead outlet 13a is provided with an elastic seal member for sealing the inside and preventing leakage of the sound to the outside. Also, a pair of left and right access ports configured in the same manner as the case 11 is provided on the side surface of the case 13, that is, the side surfaces of the pair of left and right shells. Thus, in a state where the enclosures 11 and 13 are kept sealed to some extent, the performer can insert the left and right hands into the enclosure 11 via the enclosure 13 and operate the keys 22 of the alto saxophone 20. it can.

  As for the resonance device 12, as shown in FIG. 2A, the resonance device 12 is disposed outside the housing 11 and inside the housing 13. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the closed end of the resonance device 12 assembled in the through hole 11 b may be positioned inside the housing 13. Furthermore, a through hole similar to the through hole 11 b is provided in the housing 13, and the resonance device 12 passes through the through hole provided in the housing 13 so that the closed end of the resonance device 12 is outside the housing 13. While being positioned, the open end of the resonance device 12 may be positioned inside the housing 11. In this case, the opening end of the resonance device 12 may be located outside the housing 11 and inside the housing 13.

  Next, the characteristics and arrangement of the resonance device 12 will be described. As the resonance device 12, a resonance device having a characteristic of resonating (resonating) at a frequency to be adjusted is used. The resonance device 12 is basically an alto saxophone in a state where the sound pressure distribution inside and outside the tube of the alto saxophone 20 accommodated in the silencer 10 does not accommodate the alto saxophone 20 in the silencer 10. It arrange | positions in the position which approaches the sound pressure distribution of 20 inside and outside a pipe | tube. Specifically, there are the following first method and second method.

  First, the first method is a method for absolutely increasing the sound pressure of the frequency component in which the sound pressure has decreased in the silencer that does not have the resonance device 12. In the present embodiment, the frequency component in which the sound pressure has decreased corresponds to the first mode in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the frequency of the frequency component in which the sound pressure has decreased is used as the adjustment frequency. FIG. 3 shows the resonance characteristics of the alto saxophone 20 in the case where the muffler 10 having the resonance device 12 of the above-described embodiment is used with an alternate long and short dash line by enlarging the first and second mode portions of FIG. . In FIG. 3, as in FIG. 4, the resonance characteristics of the alto saxophone when the silencer 10 is not used are indicated by a solid line, and the resonance characteristics of the alto saxophone when a conventional silencer is used are indicated by a broken line. It is shown so that the peak levels in the second mode are the same.

  In this case, with respect to the characteristics of the resonance device 12, the resonance device 12 having the adjustment frequency as the resonance (resonance) frequency is prepared. Specifically, the length of the cylindrical pipe that constitutes the resonance device 12 resonates at the frequency of the first mode, for example, 1/4 of the wavelength of the vibration wave of the first mode and the open end correction are considered. The resonance device 12 having the length is prepared.

  With respect to the arrangement of the resonance device 12, by accommodating the alto saxophone 20 in a silencer that does not have the resonance device 12, the sound pressure at the adjustment frequency (that is, the first mode) is increased at a position where it should be originally reduced. The position where the sound pressure at the adjustment frequency increases due to the presence of the silencer that does not have the resonance device 12 is found. Then, the prepared resonance device 12 is assembled to the housing 11 (or the housing 13) by matching the found position with the position where the sound pressure of the prepared resonance device 12 is lowered. The position where the sound pressure of the resonance device 12 becomes low is a portion of a node of a standing wave of sound pressure in resonance by the resonance device 12, that is, an open end of a cylindrical pipe which is the resonance device 12 in this embodiment. According to the first method, the resonance (resonance) at the adjustment frequency is strengthened, and the peak level of the first mode is increased and the silencer 10 is not used as shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. It approaches the resonance characteristics of the alto saxophone.

  The second method is a method for relatively correcting that the balance between the sound pressures of the two frequency components is shifted in the silencer that does not have the resonance device 12. As shown by the broken lines in FIGS. 3 and 4, when the alto saxophone 20 is accommodated in the silencer that does not have the resonance device 12, the first mode is more effective than when the alto saxophone 20 is not accommodated in the silencer. When the alto saxophone 20 is accommodated in the silencer that does not have the resonance device 12 and the alto saxophone 20 is not accommodated in the silencer. In this case, the sound pressure in the first mode and the second sound pressure are out of balance. In the second method, the frequency of the second mode is set as the adjustment frequency.

  Also in this case, with respect to the characteristics of the resonance device 12, the resonance device 12 having the adjustment frequency as the resonance (resonance) frequency is prepared. Specifically, the length of the cylindrical pipe constituting the resonance device 12 resonates at the frequency of the second mode, for example, 1/4 of the wavelength of the vibration wave of the second mode and the open end correction are considered. The resonance device 12 having the length is prepared.

  With respect to the arrangement of the resonance device 12, the alto saxophone 20 is accommodated in the silencer 10 that does not have the resonance device 12 to find a position where the sound pressure at the adjustment frequency (that is, the second mode) is high. Then, the prepared resonance device 12 is assembled to the housing 11 (or the housing 13) by matching the found position with the position where the sound pressure of the prepared resonance device 12 is lowered. Also in this case, the position where the sound pressure of the resonance device 12 is lowered is a portion of a node of a standing wave in resonance by the resonance device 12, that is, an open end of a cylindrical pipe that is the resonance device 12 in this embodiment. According to the second method, the resonance (resonance) at the adjustment frequency is weakened, the peak level of the second mode decreases, and the relative relationship between the peak level of the first mode and the peak level of the second mode. However, it approaches the relative relationship between the peak level of the first mode and the peak level of the second mode in the resonance characteristics of the alto saxophone when the silencer 10 is not used.

  The use of the silencer 10 configured as described above will be described. The performer opens the casing 11 (or the casings 11 and 13) in which the resonance device 12 is assembled as described above by releasing the lock by the patchon lock. Then, the alto saxophone 20 is placed in the housing 11 (or the housings 11 and 13), and the mouthpiece 21 is protruded to the outside through the lead outlet 11a (or the lead outlets 11a and 13a). The body 11 (or the casings 11 and 13) is closed and the patch lock is locked. In this state, the performer holds the mouthpiece 21 of the alto saxophone 20, inserts his left and right hands into the inside through the access port, and blows into the mouthpiece 21 while operating the key 22 of the alto saxophone 20. As a result, the alto saxophone 20 is pronounced. Since the sound generated by the alto saxophone 20 in this case is silenced by the silencer 10, no loud sound is generated outside.

  At this time, the resonance device 12 adjusts the peak level of the first mode or the second mode in the sound pressure. If the resonance device 12 according to the first method described above is adopted, resonance (resonance) due to the frequency of the first mode is strengthened, the sound pressure level of the frequency of the first mode is increased, and the alto sax 20 is mounted. A feeling of wind and a stable performance in a state where the body 11 (or the casing 11, 13) is not accommodated can be reproduced. On the other hand, if the resonance device 12 according to the second method described above is employed, the resonance (resonance) due to the frequency of the second mode is weakened, and the alto sax 20 is placed in the casing 11 (or casings 11 and 13). Even when resonance (resonance) due to the frequency of the first mode in which the peak level has fallen due to the housing is weakened, the relative relationship between the peak level of the frequency of the first mode and the frequency of the second mode is expressed by the alto saxophone 20. It can be performed in the same manner as when not housed in the body 11 (or the casings 11 and 13), and it is possible to make it difficult to perform a stable performance and turn the sound over on a low-pitched octave.

  Furthermore, in carrying out the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the object of the present invention.

  In the above embodiment, only one resonance device 12 is provided, but a plurality of resonance devices 12 may be provided. In particular, when there are a plurality of different frequencies to be adjusted, a plurality of resonance devices 12 that resonate (resonate) at the frequencies to be adjusted may be provided.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, the frequency of the 1st mode or the 2nd mode was employ | adopted as an adjustment frequency. However, instead of this, by adopting a frequency corresponding to a predetermined mode as an adjustment frequency and slightly deviating from the frequency of the predetermined mode, the resonance (resonance) frequency of the resonance device 12 is set to the predetermined frequency. The frequency may be set slightly different from the frequency of the mode. According to this, the pitch at the time of performance can be changed a little, and the shift | offset | difference of the pitch by having adopted the alto saxophone 20 in the silencer 10 can also be eliminated. Specifically, the pitch deviation of the first mode shown in the resonance characteristics of FIGS. 3 and 4 can be eliminated.

  In the above embodiment, the resonance (resonance) frequency of the resonance device 12 is set to a frequency to be adjusted, and the assembly position of the resonance device 12 is fixed. However, instead of this, the player may arbitrarily set the resonance (resonance) frequency of the resonance device 12, or the player may arbitrarily set the assembly position of the resonance device 12. In order to change the resonance (resonance) frequency of the resonance device 12, for example, the cylindrical pipe which is the resonance device 12 of the above embodiment is provided with a bellows, and the length of the cylindrical pipe is set according to the user's preference. Change it. According to these, a musical instrument sound having a resonance effect preferred by the performer is generated.

  In the above embodiment, the peak level in the first mode or the second mode in FIGS. 3 and 4 is changed. However, instead of or in addition to this, the peak level of other modes may be changed by the resonance device 12. Specifically, a plurality of resonance devices 12 each having a resonance (resonance) frequency as a plurality of modes other than the first mode and the second mode are prepared and assembled to the housing 11, and the first mode and the second mode. What is necessary is just to change the peak level of modes other than. In order to change the peak level, when the cylindrical pipe according to the above embodiment is used as a resonance device, the length, thickness, etc. of the resonance device 12 may be varied. Also in this case, the resonance (resonance) frequencies of the plurality of resonance devices 12 may be fixed, or the resonance (resonance) of the resonance device 12 may be changed by changing the length of the cylindrical pipe as in the above modification. You may enable it to change a frequency according to a player's liking. According to this, it is possible to change the tone color of the generated instrument sound by changing the peak level of each mode.

  In the above embodiment, the alto saxophone 20 is described as an example of a musical instrument housed in the silencer 10, but the silencer 10 according to the above embodiment is replaced with a woodwind instrument such as flute, oboe, clarinet, or horn. It may be applied to brass instruments such as trumpet. Moreover, you may apply to other musical instruments other than woodwind instruments, such as a guitar and a mandolin, and a brass instrument.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, a cylindrical pipe (resonance tube or acoustic tube) is used as the resonance device 12. However, as long as the resonance device 12 can achieve the object of the present invention, various resonances can be achieved. Equipment is available. For example, a Helmholtz resonator can be used, or a mechanical vibration body such as a plate, a film, a bar, a string, or a spring can be used. Further, not only a mechanical resonance device, but also an electric resonance device in which a microphone, a speaker, and the like are arranged to generate a virtual resonance system by signal processing can be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Silencer 11, 13 ... Housing, 11a, 13a ... Lead outlet, 11b ... Through-hole, 12 ... Resonance device, 20 ... Alto saxophone, 21 ... Mouthpiece, 22 ... Key

Claims (5)

  In a silencer for a musical instrument in which a musical instrument is accommodated in a casing and the musical instrument can be played from outside the casing, a resonance device that resonates at a predetermined frequency is provided in the casing, and the musical instrument or musical instrument in the casing A silencer for musical instruments, characterized by changing the acoustic characteristics of the surroundings.   2. The resonance apparatus corrects a change in a sound pressure distribution in a state in which a musical instrument is housed in the casing and a sound pressure distribution in a state in which the musical instrument is performed without being accommodated in the casing. A silencer for musical instruments as described in 1.   When the resonance device is played with the instrument housed in the housing, the sound pressure at the predetermined frequency is higher than when the instrument is played without housing the instrument in the housing; and the resonance 3. The silencer for musical instrument according to claim 2, wherein the silencer is arranged so as to coincide with a position where the sound pressure of the device is low.   A position where the sound pressure at the predetermined frequency is high and a position where the sound pressure of the resonance device is lowered in a state where the resonance device is housed in the housing and played. The muffler for musical instruments according to claim 2, wherein the muffler is arranged.   5. The resonance device according to claim 1, wherein the resonance device is configured by a structure having at least one end opened, and at least one end of the structure being opened is positioned in the housing. The silencer for musical instruments described in 1.

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