JP2013164032A - Solar power generation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solar power generation apparatus capable of effectively using solar light compared to a conventional solar power generation apparatus.SOLUTION: A vaporizing device 2 generating driving gas by boiling liquid to be heated by heat of collected solar light is arranged in a position spaced apart from the ground and a heliostat is arranged below the same, and a moving body 71 moving on a guide rail 73 according to the moving of the sun is provided on an upper side of the vaporizing device 2. The solar light is refracted by the moving body 71 and is irradiated an upper part of the body 21 of the vaporizing device 2, and the solar light collected by the heliostat is irradiated to a lower part of a body 21.

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar power generation system that generates power using sunlight.

  In recent years, attempts have been made in various fields to reduce the generation of carbon dioxide, a kind of global warming gas. One of them is a power generation facility. The thermal power plant is the power generation facility that generates the most carbon dioxide gas, and the nuclear power plant has a great deal of social and environmental addition in the event of accidents and disposal of each waste. Therefore, in recent years, power generation facilities that use natural energy, particularly solar power generation facilities, have attracted attention.

JP 2010-281251 A

  An example of a facility that generates water vapor from the thermal energy of sunlight and generates power using a turbine is described in Patent Document 1. In order to obtain the amount of heat enough to generate steam by concentrating sunlight at a predetermined place, it is necessary to efficiently concentrate sunlight from a wider range. If the structure which condenses by reflecting sunlight like an invention is employ | adopted, the sunlight which irradiated the boiler directly cannot be utilized as energy to heat.

Sunlight directly irradiated to the boiler has the highest energy because the incident angle and reflection are close to the reflection surface, but the reflection surface becomes a shadow of the boiler and cannot be reflected by the heating part, There was a problem that it could not be used as heating energy.
An object of this invention is to provide the solar power generation device which can utilize sunlight more efficiently compared with the conventional solar power generation device.

The present invention for solving the above problems has the following configuration.
(1) A power generation device including a generator that rotates a turbine by pressure of a driving gas and generates electric power by rotation of the turbine,
A vaporizing chamber for obtaining a driving gas by boiling the liquid to be heated by heating from the outside;
A heating section for heating the liquid to be heated in the vaporization chamber;
Condensing means for concentrating sunlight on the heating unit,
The condensing means reflects and condenses sunlight and heats the vaporization chamber from below, and reflective condensing means that refracts sunlight and condenses, and refraction that heats the vaporization chamber from above A solar power generation apparatus comprising a light collecting means.

(2) The refractive condensing means includes a guide rail arranged along an arc;
A moving body that moves on the guide rail;
A plurality of refracting means for condensing the sunlight received and held by the moving body toward the heating unit;
The solar power generation device according to (1), further including a moving unit that moves the guide rail according to the movement of the sun on the celestial sphere so that the sunlight refracted by the refracting unit is condensed on the heating unit. .

(3) The reflection means includes a plurality of reflectors having a reflection surface, a reflection direction adjusting means for adjusting a reflection direction of each reflector,
As described in (1) or (2) above, comprising: a light collection control means for controlling the reflection direction from each reflector so that sunlight is condensed on the heating unit in accordance with movement of the sun on the celestial sphere. Solar power generator.

(4) In any one of the above (1) to (3), including a heat medium accommodation unit that is provided between the vaporization chamber and the heating unit and accommodates a heat medium that transmits heat of the heating unit to the vaporization chamber. The solar power generation device described.

(5) The solar power generation device according to (4), wherein the heat medium has a boiling point higher than that of the liquid to be heated.

(6) The solar power generation device according to (5), wherein the heat medium has higher specific heat than the liquid to be heated.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the driving gas can be obtained by the heat of sunlight collected by the light collecting means, but the sunlight condensed by reflection and the sun condensed by refraction. Since it is heated by both heats of light, solar energy can be used more efficiently.
According to invention of Claim 2, since a mobile body moves along a motion of the sun on a guide rail, sunlight can be always made to condense on a heating part.

According to invention of Claim 3, since a reflection direction is adjusted along with the motion of sunlight, sunlight can always concentrate on a heating part.
According to the invention of claim 4, since the heat of the heating part is transmitted to the heated liquid via the heat medium, even when the heating position by sunlight moves with the movement of the sun, the heated part is heated uniformly. Heat can be transferred to the liquid.

According to the invention described in claim 5, since the heat medium is a liquid having a boiling point higher than that of the liquid to be heated, the liquid to be heated can be easily boiled and vaporized.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the heat medium is a liquid having a specific heat higher than that of the liquid to be heated, the temperature change of the heat medium due to the ambient temperature change is small, and the desired temperature can be stably maintained.

It is front sectional drawing which shows the structure of the vaporizer provided to the solar power generation device of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the solar thermal power generation apparatus of this invention. It is a whole perspective view of the solar thermal power generation device of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional side view of the main body of a vaporizer. It is an enlarged side view which shows a partial structure of a circulation mechanism. It is an enlarged plan view showing a partial configuration of the circulation mechanism. It is a partial side view of a condensing device. It is an expansion perspective view which shows the movement drive part of a moving body. It is a whole perspective view of the refractive condensing means which shows the movement locus | trajectory of the moving body in the summer solstice. It is a cross-sectional front view which shows the other structural example of a vaporizer.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a front sectional view showing a configuration of a vaporizer 2 provided in a solar power generation device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a solar thermal power generation device 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a solar power generation device 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 1 of the present invention includes a turbine 11 that is rotated by a flow of water vapor as a driving gas generated by the vaporizer 2, and water vapor that has flowed out of the turbine 11. A condenser 12 for returning water, a generator 13 having a rotor connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine 11, and a vaporizer 2 for boiling water into water supplied from the condenser 12 to form water vapor, Further, as shown in FIG. 3, there is provided a sunlight condensing means 7 that condenses sunlight on the vaporizer 2 and heats it. The sunlight condensing unit 7 reflects and condenses the sunlight to heat the heating unit of the vaporizer 2 and the reflective condensing unit 75 positioned above the vaporizer 2 and refracts and heats the sunlight. A refraction condensing means 71 for condensing the light and heating the vaporizing device 2.

  The vaporizer 2 includes a main body 21 having a hollow inside and formed in a substantially spherical shape, and a partition that divides the hollow of the main body 21 provided in the main body 21 into a vaporization chamber 23 and an upper heat medium accommodating portion 22. 23a, and a partition wall 23b that is divided into a vaporizing chamber 23 and a lower heat medium accommodating portion 24. The liquid to be heated is accommodated in the vaporizing chamber 23, and the heat medium is accommodated in each of the heat medium accommodating portions 22 and 24. Each of the partition walls 23a and 23b is configured to be bent up and down, and a vaporizing chamber 23 is defined between the partitions. The peripheral ends of the partition walls 23 a and 23 b are connected to each other, and the heat medium is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the main body 21. When the outside of the main body 21 is warmed by sunlight, the heat of sunlight is transmitted to the liquid to be heated via the heat medium.

  In this embodiment, the liquid to be heated is water and boils in the vaporizing chamber 23 to generate water vapor. A water supply pipe 63 to which a liquid to be heated is supplied is connected to the vaporizing chamber 23. The water supply pipe 63 is connected to the joining portion of the partition walls 23 a and 23 b and communicates with the vaporization chamber 23. In addition, one end of a water vapor pipe 51 from which water vapor generated in the vaporization chamber 23 is led out opens in the vaporization chamber 23, and the other end of the water vapor pipe 51 opens into the turbine chamber that houses the turbine 31. Yes. The water vapor pipe 51 opens at the apex of the upper partition wall 23 a, is piped along the inside of the outer shell 25 of the main body 21, and extends to the outside of the main body 21 at a position facing the water supply pipe 63. The water supply pipe 63 and the water vapor pipe 51 are arranged in the same straight line at a horizontal position, and a common axis of the water supply pipe 63 and the water vapor pipe 51 is configured to pass through the center of the spherical outer shell 25.

A concave heating portion 26 that is recessed in a spherical shape is provided on the lower side of the outer shell 25. By forming the heating unit 26 in a concave shape, the heated and expanded air stays in the heating unit 26 without escaping to the outside, and a reduction in thermal efficiency can be suppressed. Here, a heating part means the site | part heated by sunlight, and not only the concave heating part 26 but the outer side of the outer shell 25 becomes a heating part.
The heat medium filled in each of the heat medium accommodating portions 22 and 24 is a liquid having a higher boiling point than the liquid to be heated, for example, oil. The heat medium filled in the heat medium accommodating portions 22 and 24 is circulated mutually by the circulation device 3.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the main body 21. In this embodiment, the circulation device 3 includes four circulation mechanisms 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D, and each mechanism is arranged in four directions around a water vapor pipe 51 that extends right above the vaporization chamber 23. , Drive each independently. Since each circulation mechanism has the same configuration, the following explanation will be made in the circulation mechanism 3A, and explanation of the other three mechanisms will be omitted.
5 and 6 are an enlarged side view and an enlarged plan view showing a partial configuration of the circulation mechanism. The circulation mechanism 3A has both ends opened to the heat medium accommodating portions 22 and 24, a heat medium flow path 33 that enables the heat medium to flow between them, and a pump portion 34 that imparts kinetic energy to the heat medium. And a stirring unit.

One end of the heat medium flow path 33 opens into the heat medium storage unit 22, and the other end opens into the heat medium storage unit 24, so that the heat medium can flow between the heat medium storage units 22 and 24. It is comprised so that it may become. Further, the heat medium flow path 33 has a spiral shape and is configured to increase the contact area with the liquid to be heated. This improves the efficiency of heat exchange with the liquid to be heated. The shape of the heat medium passage 33 is not limited to a spiral shape, and may be other shapes such as a meandering shape.
The pump unit 34 includes a steam pipe 31 having one end opened to the steam pipe 51 and the other end opened into the vaporization chamber 23, a turbine 311, a drive gear 322 provided on the rotating shaft 321 of the turbine 311, and a gear of the drive gear 322. A driven gear 341 having a gear portion 341 a meshing with the portion 322 a and a screw 342 that rotates by rotation of the driven gear 341 are provided.

The turbine 311 is housed in a turbine chamber 311 provided in the steam conduit 31, and the rotating shaft 321 of the turbine 311 extends into the vaporization chamber 23 and reaches the vicinity of the partition wall 23b.
The driven gear 341 is mounted on the outside of the pipe material that constitutes the heat medium flow path 33 and rotates around the pipe material. The screw 342 includes an annular member 342a that is disposed inside the tube member and is disposed along the inner wall of the tube member. One of the ring member 342a and the driven gear 341 is a magnet and the other is a magnetic body, and the screw 342 rotates by the rotation of the driven gear 341.

A drive agitator 323 is fixed to the lower end of the rotating shaft 321, and a driven agitator 324 is provided in the lower heat medium accommodating part 24 on the opposite side across the partition wall 23 b. One of the drive agitator 323 and the driven agitator 324 is composed of a magnet and the other is a magnetic body. When the drive agitator 323 is rotated by the rotation of the rotating shaft 321, the driven agitator 324 is rotated by a magnetic force. Yes.
When water boils in the vaporizing chamber 23 and becomes steam, the steam flows not only in the steam pipe 51 but also in the steam conduit 31, and the turbine 311 rotates. The drive gear 322 and the drive agitator 323 are rotated by the rotation of the turbine 311. As the drive gear 322 rotates, the driven gear 341 and the screw 342 rotate to give kinetic energy to the heat medium (cause flow). Further, the driven stirring body 324 is rotated by the rotation of the drive stirring body 323 to stir the liquid to be heated and the heat medium.

The direction in which the screw 342 causes the heat medium to flow is divided into 2 in each of the circulation mechanisms 3A to 3D, and the two circulation mechanisms flow from the lower part to the upper part, and the other two circulation mechanisms flow from the upper part to the lower part. Set to
As described above, the heat medium is circulated between the upper heat medium accommodating portion 22 and the lower heat medium accommodating portion 24, so that the temperature is uniform throughout the heat medium accommodating portions 22, 24, and the inside of the vaporizing chamber 23. The heating efficiency for the liquid to be heated is improved. In addition, since stirring is forcibly performed regardless of convection, the temperature distribution of the medium to be heated can be made uniform quickly. The stirring unit includes a driving stirring body 323 and a driven stirring body 324.

It is preferable that the liquid to be heated filled in the vaporization chamber 23 is sufficiently filled in the vaporization chamber so that the liquid can be efficiently heated from the upper heat medium storage unit 22 and the lower heat medium storage unit 24, for example, 80% Above, preferably 90% or more.
For the vaporizing chamber 23, a temperature sensor 81 for detecting the temperature of the liquid to be heated, a liquid amount sensor 83 for detecting the amount of liquid, and a pressure sensor 84 for detecting the pressure in the vaporizing chamber 23 are provided. The medium storage unit 22 is provided with a temperature sensor 82 that detects the temperature of the heat medium, and the lower heat medium storage unit 24 is provided with a temperature sensor 85 that detects the temperature of the heat medium.

  Next, the structure of the condensing means which condenses sunlight toward a heating part is demonstrated based on FIG.3, FIG7 and FIG.8. The reflection condensing means 75 reflects and condenses sunlight to heat the heating unit of the vaporizer 2. The reflection condensing means 75 is a known heliostat. The reflection condensing means 75 arranges a plurality of reflectors M0100 to M0201, M0202,... M0307,... Mnm having reflecting surfaces around the vaporizer 2, on the horizontal plane located below the vaporizer 2, In each reflector, the direction and angle of the reflection direction adjustment means are adjusted based on the reflection direction adjustment means for adjusting the reflection direction, the solar position sensor for detecting the movement of the sun on the celestial sphere, and the detection position of the solar position sensor. And the condensing control means which controls so that the sunlight reflected by the reflective surface may always hit a heating part is provided. The sunlight condensed by the reflection condensing means 75 is heated mainly using the outer shell of the lower heat medium accommodating part 24, particularly the concave heating part 26 as a heating part.

  The refractive condensing means 7 has a moving body 71, a guide rail 73 that guides the moving body 71, and support portions 72a and 72b that support the guide rail 73 in a swingable manner. The moving body 71 includes a holding member 710 having a curved shape having a spherical surface concentric with the spherical main body 21 of the vaporizer 2, a plurality of refracting portions 712 n as refraction means held by the holding member 710, The body 71 includes a movement drive unit for moving along the guide rail 73.

  The refracting portion 712n is made of a material that can transmit sunlight, and is arranged so that sunlight is condensed at a desired position by refraction of light. Each of the refraction parts 7121, 7122,... 712n is arranged so that sunlight is condensed on a predetermined heating part of the spherical main body 21 by adjusting the angle of the refraction surface and adjusting the direction of each refraction part. Has been. In this case, the heating part on which sunlight is condensed is mainly the upper part of the main body 21. For the refracting portion 712, for example, a material having high light transmittance such as glass or polycarbonate is used.

An insertion portion 713 through which the guide rail 73 is inserted is provided at both ends of the holding member 710 of the moving body 71, and a movement drive unit is provided in one insertion portion 713. The movement drive unit includes a motor 713M and a worm gear 713W connected to the output shaft of the motor 713M. The moving body 71 reciprocates on the guide rail 73 along the guide rail 73 inserted through the pair of insertion portions 713.
The worm gear 713W is screwed into a screw groove formed in a groove 731 formed on the guide rail 73, and the worm gear 713W rotates, so that the moving body 71 moves on the guide rail 73. ing.

  The guide rail 73 is formed in an arc shape centering on the center of the spherical main body 21, and both ends thereof are rotatably supported at the tip ends of the columns 72 a and 72 b. The support shafts at both ends of the guide rail 73 are provided with swing drive means. The swing drive means includes fan-shaped rack members 72aa and 72ba provided integrally with the support shaft, and swing drive motors 72am and 72bm having drive gears on the output shaft. The ends of the rack members 72aa and 72ba have an arc shape centered on the support shaft, and a rack is formed at the end of the arc. Drive gears of swing drive motors 72am and 72bm are meshed directly or indirectly with the rack, and the guide rail 73 is configured to be swingable by driving of the swing drive motors 72am and 72bm.

  Based on the detection position of the above-described sun position sensor, the swing drive motors 72am, 72bm and the motor 713M are driven, and the position of the moving body 71 moves so as to match the sun position on the celestial sphere. The support shaft of the guide rail 73 is arranged on a straight line passing through the center of the spherical main body 21, and the water supply pipe 63 and the water vapor pipe 51 are located on the same straight line.

  The operation of the refractive condensing means 7 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is an overall perspective view showing movement of the moving body 71 during the summer solstice. At the sunrise time, the guide rail 73 falls to the north side. The guide rail 73 is raised with the movement of the sun, and the moving body 71 is moved on the guide rail 73 at the same time. Based on the detection position of the sun position sensor, the swing drive motors 72am and 72bm and the motor 713M are driven as needed to move the moving body 71 along the sun's locus. At the time of the south, the moving body 71 reaches the apex of the guide rail 73, and the guide rail 73 is at the position most inclined to the south side. Further, when the sun moves to the west side, the guide rail 73 swings to the north side, and at the same time, the moving body 71 moves to the west side of the guide rail 73. At sunset, the guide rail 73 is in the same horizontal position as that at sunrise, that is, in a state of falling horizontally to the north side, and the moving body 71 is located at the most west end of the guide rail 73.

As shown in FIG. 7, the moving body 71 moves so as to be always located between the main body 21 and the sun. For example, the light collecting action by the moving body 71 during south-central time will be described. If the refracting portion located in the center of the moving body 71 transmits sunlight as it is without being refracted, the outer shell 25 of the main body 21. To reach.
Further, the refracting portion 71Ln provided in the moving body 71 is formed on the holding member 710 in a state where the incident surface on which light is incident is exposed on the upper side (sun side) and the exit surface from which refracted sunlight is emitted is exposed on the main body 21 side. Is retained. The refraction angle of each refracting portion is set so as to increase with distance from the center, with the center line connecting the sun and the main body 21 passing through, and the refraction angle at the center position is zero. The refraction angle of the refracting part away from is the largest. By changing the refraction angle in this way, sunlight hitting the moving body 71 is configured to be condensed on the outer shell 25 of the main body 21. In particular, the refraction angle is set so that sunlight that is refracted by the refracting portion and irradiated to the main body 21 always strikes the outer surface of the outer shell 25 of the main body 21 at a right angle.

As shown in FIG. 7, the sunlight SL irradiated to the moving body 71 is irradiated to the outer shell 25 of the main body 21 through the refracting portion 71Ln, and the moving body 71 is not irradiated. Is reflected by a plurality of reflectors M0100... Of the reflection condensing means 75, and the reflected light is applied to the outer shell 25 of the main body 21.
In the outer shell 25 of the main body 21, a portion (that is, a heating unit) to which sunlight condensed from the moving body 71 hits moves as the sun moves. That is, with sunrise, sunlight is condensed on the east side of the main body 21, passes through the upper south side of the main body 21, and moves to the west side. At this time, since the outer shell 25 of the main body 21 is spherical, it can be set so that the surface irradiated with sunlight is always perpendicular.

In the outer shell 25 of the main body 21, a portion (that is, a heating unit) on which the sunlight collected from the reflection condensing means 75 is moved moves with the movement of the sun. That is, as the sun rises, sunlight is condensed on the west side of the main body 21, passes through the lower part on the north side of the main body 21, and moves to the east side.
In the embodiment described above, the liquid to be heated is water and the heat medium is oil. However, for example, the liquid to be heated may be ammonia and the heat medium may be water. In this case, by using water as the heat medium having a higher specific heat than the liquid to be heated, the change in the heat medium temperature due to the change in the outside air temperature can be suppressed.

  FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional front view showing another configuration example of the vaporizer 2. Similarly, the vaporizer 2A includes a spherical vaporizing chamber 23A in a spherical main body 21A, and a space between the vaporizing chamber 23A and the main body 21A serves as a heat medium accommodating portion 22A. The heat medium accommodating part is not divided into upper and lower parts, but is integrated. By setting it as such a structure, the structure which stirs a heat medium can be simplified.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar power generation device 11 Turbine 12 Condenser 13 Generator 2 Vaporizer 21 Main body 22 Upper heat medium accommodating part 24 Lower heat medium accommodating part 23 Vaporization chamber 23a, 23b Partition 25 Outer shell 3 Circulating device 33 Heat medium flow path 7 Refraction condensing means 71 Moving body 72a, 72b Support part 73 Guide rail 75 Reflective condensing means

Claims (6)

A power generator including a generator that rotates a turbine by pressure of a driving gas and generates electric power by rotating the turbine;
A vaporizing chamber for obtaining a driving gas by boiling the liquid to be heated by heating from the outside;
A heating section for heating the liquid to be heated in the vaporization chamber;
Condensing means for concentrating sunlight on the heating unit,
The condensing means reflects and condenses sunlight and heats the vaporization chamber from below, and reflective condensing means that refracts sunlight and condenses, and refraction that heats the vaporization chamber from above A solar power generation apparatus comprising a light collecting means. The refractive condensing means is a guide rail disposed along an arc,
A moving body that moves on the guide rail;
A plurality of refracting means for condensing the sunlight received and held by the moving body toward the heating unit;
The solar power generation device according to claim 1, further comprising a moving unit that moves the guide rail according to the movement of the sun on the celestial sphere so that the sunlight refracted by the refracting unit is condensed on the heating unit. The reflecting means includes a plurality of reflectors having a reflecting surface, a reflection direction adjusting means for adjusting the reflection direction of each reflector,
The solar power generation according to claim 1, further comprising a light collection control unit that controls the reflection direction from each reflector so that the sunlight is condensed on the heating unit in accordance with movement of the sun on the celestial sphere. apparatus.   The solar power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a heat medium accommodation unit that is provided between the vaporization chamber and the heating unit and accommodates a heat medium that transmits heat of the heating unit to the vaporization chamber. . The solar power generation device according to claim 4, wherein the heating medium has a boiling point higher than that of the liquid to be heated. The solar power generation device according to claim 4, wherein the heat medium has a specific heat higher than that of the liquid to be heated.

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