JP2013148484A - Manufacturing method of biochip, and biochip - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、生体試料中の多数の蛋白質の検出および分析に用いられるバイオチップの製造方法に関する技術であり、さらに詳しくは、抗原抗体反応を用いた免疫分析、プロテオミクス、ならびに遺伝子活性の細胞内蛋白質レベルでの測定に用いられるバイオチップの製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a technique for producing a biochip used for detection and analysis of a large number of proteins in a biological sample, and more specifically, immunoassay using antigen-antibody reaction, proteomics, and intracellular protein of gene activity The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a biochip used for level measurement.
現状のプロテインチップは一般にDNAチップの延長線上に位置付けられて開発がなされているため、ガラス基板上に蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する分子をチップ表面に固定化する検討がなされている(例えば特許文献1参照)。
蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する分子を基板上に固定化した後、該表面上で他の蛋白質(例えば抗原抗体反応では、蛋白質に対してはその抗体、また蛋白質を捕捉する分子に対してはその蛋白質) と反応させて検出機等で検出する場合、蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する
Since current protein chips are generally developed on the extension line of a DNA chip, studies have been made to immobilize a protein or a molecule that captures it on a glass substrate on the surface of the chip (for example, patent documents). 1).
After immobilizing a protein or a molecule that captures it on the substrate, another protein on the surface (for example, in the case of an antigen-antibody reaction, the antibody for a protein, or the molecule for capturing a protein Protein), or when it is detected with a detector, it captures the protein or it
分子が固定されていない部分に該分子以外の蛋白質が固定されると、検出時にノイズとなり信号対雑音比(S/N 比) を低下させる原因となり、検出精度を低下させる( 例えば非特許文献1参照) 。
このため通常は、蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する分子を固定化した後に、これらの分子が固定されていない部分で他の蛋白質が非特異的に吸着するのを防止するため、吸着防止剤のコーティングが行われるが、これらの非特異吸着防止能は十分でない。また、蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する分子を固定化した後に吸着防止剤をコーティングするため、固定化した蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する分子の上に吸着防止剤がコーティングされてしまう場合があり、続く反応、即ち他の蛋白質( 例えば抗原抗体反応では、蛋白質に対してはその抗体、また蛋白質を捕捉する分子に対してはその蛋白質)との反応において、反応性が低下するという問題があった。このため、一次抗体固定化後の吸着防止剤コーティング工程がなく、かつ蛋白質、またはそれを捕捉する分子が固定されていない部分での非特異吸着量の少ないバイオチップが求められている。
If a protein other than the molecule is immobilized on the portion where the molecule is not immobilized, noise will be generated during detection, causing a reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N ratio) and reducing the detection accuracy (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). See).
For this reason, normally, after immobilizing a protein or a molecule that captures it, a coating with an adsorption inhibitor is used to prevent nonspecific adsorption of other proteins at the part where these molecules are not immobilized. However, their ability to prevent non-specific adsorption is not sufficient. In addition, since the adsorption inhibitor is coated after the protein or the molecule that captures the protein is immobilized, the adsorption protein may be coated on the immobilized protein or the molecule that captures it. In the reaction, that is, in the reaction with other proteins (for example, in the antigen-antibody reaction, the antibody against the protein, and the protein against the molecule that captures the protein), there is a problem that the reactivity is lowered. Therefore, there is a need for a biochip that does not have an adsorption inhibitor coating step after immobilization of the primary antibody and has a small amount of non-specific adsorption at a portion where a protein or a molecule that captures the protein is not immobilized.
また、すべての蛋白質(プロテオーム)の変動をプロファイリングする技術面では、超微量の蛋白質や数ナノリットルというような超微量の溶液の操作を可能とするマイクロフルイディクスの技術や、チップ上での前処理、分離、検出を目標とする「ラボ・オン・チップ」の概念が重要となってくる。この技術においては、サンプルである蛋白質などの生理活性物質が、流路内に固定化されたキャプチャーと特異的に反応し、かつキャプチャー部以外の流路の内壁への非特異吸着を抑制することが必要となる。
例えば、特許文献2や3の発明においては、生理活性物質固定のためのアミノ基含有ポリマーと親水性ポリマーを組み合わせることで、この目的を達成しようとした。基体の親水性を高めることで非特異吸着を抑制することが可能になった。
In terms of profiling the fluctuations of all proteins (proteomes), microfluidics technology that enables the manipulation of ultra-trace amounts of proteins and ultra-small quantities of solutions such as several nanoliters, and on-chip The concept of “lab-on-a-chip” that targets processing, separation, and detection becomes important. In this technology, a physiologically active substance such as a protein as a sample reacts specifically with the capture immobilized in the flow path, and suppresses non-specific adsorption to the inner wall of the flow path other than the capture section. Is required.
For example, in the inventions of Patent Documents 2 and 3, an attempt was made to achieve this object by combining an amino group-containing polymer for immobilizing a physiologically active substance and a hydrophilic polymer. Non-specific adsorption can be suppressed by increasing the hydrophilicity of the substrate.
しかしながら、親水性を高めることは、基体表面に水を落とした時の前進接触角を低くすることでもあり、その結果、生理活性物質を含む水溶液を基体表面にスポットした場合に、スポット面積が広がり、さらにスポット外周部がにじんで真円のスポットにならないなどの問題が生じた。 However, increasing the hydrophilicity also reduces the advancing contact angle when water is dropped on the substrate surface. As a result, when an aqueous solution containing a physiologically active substance is spotted on the substrate surface, the spot area increases. Furthermore, the spot outer peripheral portion bleeds and does not become a perfect spot.
本発明は、吸着防止剤をコーティングすることなしに、蛋白質を基体表面の任意の位置に固定化し、それ以外の部分への不要な生理活性物質の吸着および結合を抑制し、かつ良好なスポット形状を維持することで高感度でハイスループットな生理活性物質の検出ができるバイオチップの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention fixes a protein at an arbitrary position on the surface of a substrate without coating an adsorption inhibitor, suppresses adsorption and binding of unnecessary physiologically active substances to other portions, and has a good spot shape. It is an object of the present invention to provide a biochip manufacturing method capable of detecting a physiologically active substance with high sensitivity and high throughput by maintaining the above.
本発明は、(1)〜(17)に示す以下の通りである。
(1)基体表面に蛋白質を固定化してなるバイオチップの製造方法であって、(1)基体表面にアルキレングリコール基を有するポリマーを塗布する工程、(2)基体表面に蛋白質を溶媒に溶解又は分散した液体を点着または塗布する工程、(3)蛋白質を固定化する工程、を含むことを特徴とするバイオチップの製造方法。
(2)前記(3)工程において、湿度50%以下の乾燥状態におく(1)記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(3)前記ポリマーがポリアルキレングリコール基を有する単量体と、架橋基を有する単量体との共重合体である(1)または(2)記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(4)前記架橋基がアルコキシシランである(1)乃至(3)いずれか1項に記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(5)前記アルコキシシランが、トリメトキシシランである(1)乃至(4)いずれか1項に記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(6)アルキレングリコール基を有する単量体が下記の一般式[1]で表されるモノマーである(1)乃至(5)いずれか記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(7)アルキレングリコール基を有するエチレン系不飽和重合性モノマーがメトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレートである(1)乃至(6)いずれか1項に記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(8)前記メトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレートのエチレングリコールの平均連鎖が3〜100である(7)記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(9)前記(3)工程の固定化が吸着である(1)乃至(8)いずれか1項に記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(10) 前記(3)工程の固定化が基板上に蛋白質を含む液体と点着し乾燥させることで固定化する(1)乃至(9)いずれか1項に記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(11)蛋白質が基体表面にスポット状に固定化されている(1)乃至(10)いずれか1項に記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(12)複数種の蛋白質のスポットが基体表面の同一区画中に存在している(11)記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(13)基体の形状がスライドガラス状である(1)乃至(12)いずれか1項に記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(14)基体の材質がプラスチックである(1)乃至(13)いずれか1項に記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(15)プラスチックがポリカーボネート、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、飽和環状ポリオレフィン、ポリペンテン、ポリアミド及びそれらの共重合体よりなる群より少なくとも1種である(14)記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(16)前記蛋白質が、抗体である(1)乃至(15)いずれか1項に記載のバイオチップの製造方法。
(17)(1)乃至(16)いずれか1項に記載の製造方法で作製したことを特徴とするバイオチップ。
The present invention is as follows (1) to (17).
(1) A method for producing a biochip in which a protein is immobilized on a substrate surface, (1) a step of applying a polymer having an alkylene glycol group to the substrate surface; (2) a protein dissolved in a solvent on the substrate surface; A method for producing a biochip comprising the steps of spotting or applying a dispersed liquid, and (3) a step of immobilizing a protein.
(2) The biochip manufacturing method according to (1), wherein in the step (3), the substrate is kept in a dry state with a humidity of 50% or less.
(3) The method for producing a biochip according to (1) or (2), wherein the polymer is a copolymer of a monomer having a polyalkylene glycol group and a monomer having a crosslinking group.
(4) The method for producing a biochip as set forth in any one of (1) to (3), wherein the crosslinking group is alkoxysilane.
(5) The biochip manufacturing method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the alkoxysilane is trimethoxysilane.
(6) The method for producing a biochip according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the monomer having an alkylene glycol group is a monomer represented by the following general formula [1].
(7) The method for producing a biochip according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer having an alkylene glycol group is methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate.
(8) The biochip manufacturing method according to (7), wherein the average chain of ethylene glycol in the methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate is 3 to 100.
(9) The method for producing a biochip according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the immobilization in the step (3) is adsorption.
(10) The method for producing a biochip according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the immobilization in the step (3) is performed by spotting with a liquid containing a protein on a substrate and drying.
(11) The method for producing a biochip as set forth in any one of (1) to (10), wherein the protein is immobilized in a spot shape on the surface of the substrate.
(12) The method for producing a biochip as set forth in (11), wherein a plurality of types of protein spots are present in the same section of the substrate surface.
(13) The biochip manufacturing method according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein the substrate has a glass slide shape.
(14) The biochip manufacturing method according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the base material is plastic.
(15) The biochip manufacturing method according to (14), wherein the plastic is at least one selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, saturated cyclic polyolefin, polypentene, polyamide, and copolymers thereof.
(16) The method for producing a biochip according to any one of (1) to (15), wherein the protein is an antibody.
(17) A biochip produced by the production method according to any one of (1) to (16).
本発明によると、吸着防止剤をコーティングすることなしに、蛋白質を基体表面の任意の位置に固定化し、それ以外の部分への不要な生理活性物質の吸着および結合を抑制し、かつ良好なスポット形状を維持した高感度でハイスループットな生理活性物質の検出ができるバイオチップの製造方法を提供することが可能となった。 According to the present invention, a protein is immobilized at an arbitrary position on the surface of a substrate without coating with an adsorption inhibitor, and adsorption and binding of unnecessary physiologically active substances to other portions are suppressed, and a good spot is obtained. It has become possible to provide a method for producing a biochip capable of detecting a physiologically active substance with high sensitivity and high throughput while maintaining its shape.
本発明のバイオチップの製造方法は、基体表面にホスホリルコリン基を有するポリマーをコートする工程を含むことを特徴とする。 The method for producing a biochip of the present invention is characterized in that it includes a step of coating a substrate surface with a polymer having a phosphorylcholine group.
(ポリマーの構成)
本発明において重要な要素は、基体表面にアルキレングリコール基を有するポリマーである。
ポリアルキレングリコール基を有するポリマーは、親水性基を有しているポリマーであって、生理活性物質の吸着を抑制する効果を有する。
(Polymer composition)
An important element in the present invention is a polymer having an alkylene glycol group on the substrate surface.
The polymer having a polyalkylene glycol group is a polymer having a hydrophilic group and has an effect of suppressing adsorption of a physiologically active substance.
前記ポリマーは、アルキレングリコール基が下記の一般式[1]で表されるモノマーを重合して得ることができる。
式中R1は水素原子またはメチル基を示し、R2は水素原子または炭素数1〜20のアルキル基を示す。
ポリアルキレングリコール基のアルキレングリコール基Xの炭素数は1〜10であり、好ましくは1〜6であり、より好ましくは2〜4であり、更に好ましくは2〜3であり、最
も好ましくは2である。炭素数が前記範囲内であると、特に非特異吸着の抑制に優れる。
The polymer can be obtained by polymerizing a monomer having an alkylene glycol group represented by the following general formula [1].
In the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
The alkylene glycol group X of the polyalkylene glycol group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4, still more preferably 2 to 3, most preferably 2. is there. When the carbon number is within the above range, it is particularly excellent in suppressing nonspecific adsorption.
また、アルキレングリコール基の繰り返し数pは、特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくは1〜100の整数であり、より好ましくは2〜100の整数であり、更に好ましくは2〜95の整数であり、最も好ましくは20〜90の整数である。 前記繰り返し数が前記範囲内であると、特に非特異吸着の抑制に優れる。
なお、繰り返し数が、3以上100以下の場合は、繰り返されるアルキレングリコール基の炭素数は同一であっても、異なっていてもよい。
Further, the repeating number p of the alkylene glycol group is not particularly limited, but is preferably an integer of 1 to 100, more preferably an integer of 2 to 100, still more preferably an integer of 2 to 95. Yes, most preferably an integer from 20 to 90. When the number of repetitions is within the above range, it is particularly excellent in suppressing nonspecific adsorption.
In addition, when the number of repetitions is 3 or more and 100 or less, the carbon number of the alkylene glycol group to be repeated may be the same or different.
アルキレングリコール基を有するエチレン系不飽和重合性モノマーとしては、具体的にはメトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート及びその水酸基の一置換エステル、2−ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート及びその水酸基の一置換エステル、グリセロールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールを側鎖とする(メタ)アクリレート、2−メトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、メトキシジエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシジエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられるが、目的とする生理活性物質以外の成分の非特異的吸着が少ないこと及び入手性からメトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレートまたはエトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレートが好ましい。 Specific examples of the ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer having an alkylene glycol group include methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, ethoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) ) Acrylate and monosubstituted ester of hydroxyl group thereof, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate and monosubstituted ester of hydroxyl group thereof, glycerol mono (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylate having polypropylene glycol as a side chain, 2-methoxyethyl ( (Meth) acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, ethoxydiethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, ethoxy polyethylene Glycol (meth) acrylate and the like, methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate or ethoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate is preferred because it and availability is less nonspecific adsorption of components other than the physiologically active substance of interest.
さらに、本発明に使用するポリマーは、ポリマーを基体表面に固定化するための架橋基を有することが好ましい。本発明に用いる基体表面に固定化するための架橋基としては、化学的に活性な基、受容体基、リガンド基などがあるが、これらに限定されない。具体的な例としては、アルコキシシラン基、アルデヒド基、活性エステル基、エポキシ基、ビニルスルホン基チオール基、アミノ基、イソシアネート基、イソチオシアネート基、ヒドロキシル基、アクリレート基、マレイミド基、ヒドラジド基、アジド基、アミド基、スルホネート基などがあるがこれらに限定されない。これらの中でも反応性の点からアルコキシシラン基、アルデヒド基、活性エステル基、エポキシ基、ビニルスルホン基が好ましい。特に、アルコキシシラン基が架橋結合において良く用いられ、また、未反応のアルコキシシラン基も水添加で簡単に失活できることから最も好ましい。 Furthermore, the polymer used in the present invention preferably has a crosslinking group for immobilizing the polymer on the substrate surface. Examples of the crosslinking group for immobilization on the substrate surface used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, a chemically active group, a receptor group, and a ligand group. Specific examples include alkoxysilane groups, aldehyde groups, active ester groups, epoxy groups, vinyl sulfone groups, thiol groups, amino groups, isocyanate groups, isothiocyanate groups, hydroxyl groups, acrylate groups, maleimide groups, hydrazide groups, and azides. Groups, amide groups, sulfonate groups, and the like, but are not limited thereto. Among these, an alkoxysilane group, an aldehyde group, an active ester group, an epoxy group, and a vinylsulfone group are preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity. In particular, an alkoxysilane group is often used for cross-linking, and an unreacted alkoxysilane group is most preferable because it can be easily deactivated by addition of water.
また、本発明に使用するポリマーは、ポリアルキレングリコール基以外に他の基を含んでもよく、アルキレングリコール基を有する単量体、アルコキシシラン基を有する単量体を有する単量体との二元共重合体が好ましい。 In addition, the polymer used in the present invention may contain other groups in addition to the polyalkylene glycol group, and is binary with a monomer having an alkylene glycol group and a monomer having an alkoxysilane group. A copolymer is preferred.
(ポリマーのコーティング)
本発明のバイオチップは、基体表面を該ポリマーでコーティングすることにより、生理活性物質の非特異的吸着を抑制する性質、特定の生理活性物質を固定化する性質を容易に付与することが可能である。
基体へのポリマーのコーティングは、例えば有機溶剤にポリマーを0.05〜10重量%濃度になるように溶解したポリマー溶液を調製し、浸漬、吹きつけなどの公知の方法で基体表面に塗布した後、室温下ないしは加温下にて乾燥させることにより行われる。
(Polymer coating)
The biochip of the present invention can easily impart the property of suppressing nonspecific adsorption of a physiologically active substance and the property of immobilizing a specific physiologically active substance by coating the surface of the substrate with the polymer. is there.
For coating the polymer on the substrate, for example, a polymer solution in which the polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent so as to have a concentration of 0.05 to 10% by weight is prepared and applied to the substrate surface by a known method such as dipping or spraying. It is carried out by drying at room temperature or under heating.
有機溶剤としては、2−ブタノン、エタノール、メタノール、t−ブチルアルコール、ベンゼン、トルエン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、アセトン、メチルエチルケトンなどの単独溶媒またはこれらの混合溶剤が使用される。中でも、エタノール、メタノールがプラスチックで構成される基体を変性させず、乾燥させやすいため好ましい。また、溶液中でポリマーを加水分解させる場合にも、水と任意の割
合で混ざるので好ましい。
As the organic solvent, a single solvent such as 2-butanone, ethanol, methanol, t-butyl alcohol, benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or a mixed solvent thereof is used. Among these, ethanol and methanol are preferable because they do not denature a substrate made of plastic and can be easily dried. Moreover, when hydrolyzing a polymer in a solution, it is preferable because it is mixed with water at an arbitrary ratio.
本発明のポリマーを溶解した溶液を基体表面に塗布した後、溶液を除去し、有機溶媒で洗浄したのち、遠心乾燥するのが好ましい。 After applying the solution in which the polymer of the present invention is dissolved to the substrate surface, it is preferable to remove the solution, wash it with an organic solvent, and then centrifuge dry.
(基体の素材)
基体の素材は、通常ガラス、金属その他を用いることができるが、本発明に使用する基体の素材としては、表面処理の容易性、量産性の観点から、プラスチックを使用し、特に熱可塑性樹脂であることが好ましい。熱可塑性樹脂としては、蛍光発生量の少ないものが好ましい。例えばポリカーボネート、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、飽和環状ポリオレフィン、ポリペンテン、ポリアミド及びそれらの共重合体よりなる群より少なくとも1種等を用いることが好ましく、耐熱性、耐薬品性、低蛍光性、成形性に特に優れる飽和環状ポリオレフィンを用いることがより好ましい。ここで飽和環状ポリオレフィンとは、環状オレフィン構造を有する重合体単独または環状オレフィンとα − オレフィンとの共重合体を水素添加した飽和重合体等を指す。
(Base material)
The substrate material can be usually glass, metal or the like, but as the substrate material used in the present invention, plastic is used from the viewpoint of ease of surface treatment and mass productivity, and particularly a thermoplastic resin. Preferably there is. As a thermoplastic resin, a thing with little fluorescence generation amount is preferable. For example, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, saturated cyclic polyolefin, polypentene, polyamide and copolymers thereof, for heat resistance, chemical resistance, low fluorescence, and moldability. It is more preferable to use a particularly excellent saturated cyclic polyolefin. Here, the saturated cyclic polyolefin refers to a polymer having a cyclic olefin structure or a saturated polymer obtained by hydrogenating a copolymer of a cyclic olefin and an α-olefin.
前記の通り、ポリマーの架橋基を用いて基体と結合させるには、基体表面に架橋基と反応する可能基が必要となる。必要とされる官能基は、例えば、水酸基、カルボキシル基、アミノ基などがあげられる。特に水酸基はオアキシルシラン基との反応性が高く、また、基体表面の酸化により容易に形成できるので好適である。基体表面の酸化は、例えば、プラズマ処理、コロナ処理、放射線照射処理などがある。 As described above, in order to bond to a substrate using a polymer crosslinking group, a group capable of reacting with the crosslinking group is required on the surface of the substrate. Examples of the functional group required include a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, and an amino group. Hydroxyl groups are particularly preferred because they are highly reactive with oxylsilane groups and can be easily formed by oxidation of the substrate surface. Examples of the oxidation of the substrate surface include plasma treatment, corona treatment, and radiation irradiation treatment.
(基体の形状)
本発明に使用する基体の形状は、特に限定しないが、スライドガラス状の基板、マルチウェルプレート、ビーズ状の球体等が挙げられる。これらの基体表面に微細な流路を有していてもよく、流路内に抗体を固定化させることも可能である。
(Base shape)
The shape of the substrate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a slide glass substrate, a multiwell plate, and a bead-shaped sphere. A fine channel may be provided on the surface of these substrates, and the antibody can be immobilized in the channel.
(蛋白質の固定化)
本発明において蛋白質を基体上に固定化する際には、蛋白質を溶媒で溶解又は分散した液体を点着する方法が好ましい。
蛋白質を溶解または分散する溶媒のpHは8〜10であることが好ましく、pH9.0〜9.9がより好ましい。蛋白質固定化の工程における環境については、温度は20℃ 以上が必要であり、好ましくは25〜70℃ であり、湿度は0〜50%が好ましい。特に湿度35〜45%の条件下ではスポットの滲みやかすれによるスポット形状の異常が見られず、シグナル強度が安定し、より好適である。固定化後は、固定化されなかった蛋白質を除去するため、純水や緩衝液で洗浄することが好ましい。
(Immobilization of protein)
In the present invention, when the protein is immobilized on the substrate, a method of spotting a liquid in which the protein is dissolved or dispersed with a solvent is preferable.
The pH of the solvent for dissolving or dispersing the protein is preferably 8 to 10, more preferably pH 9.0 to 9.9. As for the environment in the protein immobilization step, the temperature needs to be 20 ° C. or higher, preferably 25 to 70 ° C., and the humidity is preferably 0 to 50%. In particular, when the humidity is 35 to 45%, spot shape abnormality due to spot bleeding or blurring is not observed, and the signal intensity is stable, which is more preferable. After immobilization, it is preferable to wash with pure water or a buffer solution in order to remove proteins that have not been immobilized.
蛋白質が基体表面にスポット状に固定化される場合、複数種の蛋白質のスポットを基体表面の同一区画中に存在させることが可能である。これにより、同一の検体中の複数種の蛋白質を同時に測定することが可能となる。 When proteins are immobilized on the substrate surface in the form of spots, a plurality of types of protein spots can be present in the same compartment on the substrate surface. This makes it possible to simultaneously measure a plurality of types of proteins in the same specimen.
次に、本発明の具体的実施例について説明する。 Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described.
1.ポリマーの調製
(1)ポリマーの合成
数平均分子量Mn=約188のポリエチレングリコールメチルエーテルメタクリレート(別名メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート、以下、「PEGMA」と記載、Aldrich社製)と、p−ニトロフェニルオキシカルボニル−ポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(以下、「MEONP」と記載)と、3−メタクリロキシプロピルジメチ
ルエトキシシラン(以下、「MPDES」と記載、GELEST,INC.製)とを脱水エタノールに溶解させた。
そこに、さらに2、2−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(以下、「AIBN」と記載、和光純薬工業社製)をそれぞれ添加し、均一になるまで撹拌することで、モノマー混合溶液を作製した。
1. Preparation of polymer (1) Synthesis of polymer Polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (also known as methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate, hereinafter referred to as “PEGMA”, manufactured by Aldrich) having a number average molecular weight Mn of about 188, p-nitrophenyloxycarbonyl- Polyethylene glycol methacrylate (hereinafter referred to as “MEONP”) and 3-methacryloxypropyldimethylethoxysilane (hereinafter referred to as “MPDES”, manufactured by GELEST, INC.) Were dissolved in dehydrated ethanol.
Further, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (hereinafter referred to as “AIBN”, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred until uniform to prepare a monomer mixed solution. .
なお、モノマー混合溶液中における、それぞれのモル比は、PEGMA、MEONP、MPDESの順に90:5:5である。 In addition, each molar ratio in a monomer mixed solution is 90: 5: 5 in order of PEGMA, MEONP, and MPDES.
その後、アルゴンガス雰囲気下、60℃で6時間反応させた後、反応溶液をジエチルエーテル中に滴下し、沈殿を収集することにより第2のポリマーを得た。 Then, after making it react at 60 degreeC by argon gas atmosphere for 6 hours, the reaction solution was dripped in diethyl ether, and the 2nd polymer was obtained by collecting precipitation.
なお、上述したMEONPについては、以下の(2)に示すようにして合成した。
(2)p−ニトロフェニルオキシカルボニル−ポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(MEONP)の合成
0.01molのポリエチレングリコールモノメタクリレート(日本油脂製、「Blenmer PE−200」)を20mLのクロロホルムに溶解させた後、−30℃まで冷却した。
−30℃に保ちながらこの溶液に、予め作製しておいた0.01molのp−ニトロフェニルクロロフォーメート(Aldrich社製)と0.01molのトリエチルアミン(和光純薬工業社製)およびクロロホルム20mLの均一溶液をゆっくりと滴下した。
−30℃にて1時間反応させた後、室温でさらに2時間溶液を攪拌した。その後反応液から塩をろ過により除去し、溶媒を留去してMEONPを得た。
The above-mentioned MEONP was synthesized as shown in (2) below.
(2) Synthesis of p-nitrophenyloxycarbonyl-polyethylene glycol methacrylate (MEONP) 0.01 mol of polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate (manufactured by NOF Corporation, “Blenmer PE-200”) was dissolved in 20 mL of chloroform, and then −30 Cooled to ° C.
While maintaining the temperature at −30 ° C., 0.01 mol of p-nitrophenyl chloroformate (manufactured by Aldrich), 0.01 mol of triethylamine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) and 20 mL of chloroform were added to this solution. The homogeneous solution was slowly added dropwise.
After reacting at −30 ° C. for 1 hour, the solution was further stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Thereafter, the salt was removed from the reaction solution by filtration, and the solvent was distilled off to obtain MEONP.
2.抗原の検出
[実施例1](RAT ALBUMIN抗体を湿度50%以下の乾燥状態で固定化した場合)
(1)まず、RAT ALBUMINの検出のために、以下の部材および原材料等を用意した。
基体として直径7mmのウェルを備えるポリエチレン樹脂基板を用意した。該基体にポリマーの0.5wt%エタノール溶液を調整し、これを成型品のウェルに点着したのち乾燥、次に、エタノールを用いて洗浄し、ウェル底面に、ポリマーを導入した。
(2)次に、一次抗体(RABBIT IGG FRACTION TO RAT ALBUMIN(Cappel社製))の5μg/mLリン酸バッファー溶液を調製し、これを穴部に点着したのち、45%以下の乾燥状態、室温下で一晩静置した。洗浄液(0.05% triton X100 /PBS)を用いて3回洗浄を行った。
(3)次に、Albumin抗原(Albumin 、Rat (-)(Cappel社製))の70μg/mLPBS溶液(検体)を調製し、これを穴部に点着したのち、37℃の環境下に1.5時間静置して、抗原抗体反応を実施した。洗浄液を用いて3回洗浄を行った。
(4)次に、標識化二次抗体(オチン標識 SHEEP IGG FRACTION TO RAT ALBUMIN(Cappel社製))の1ug/mL PBS溶液(0.05% triton X100)を調製し、これを穴部に点着したのち、37℃の環境下に1時間静置して、抗原抗体反応を実施した。洗浄液を用いて3回洗浄を行った。
(5)次に、Cy3標識されたストレプトアビジンのPBS溶液(0.05% triton X100)を調製し、これを穴部に点着したのち、37℃の環境下に0.5時間静置した。洗浄液を用いて3回洗浄を行った。
(6)測定は、ウェルについて、それぞれ、蛍光測定(励起波長:550nm蛍光波長:570nm)を行った。
その結果、抗原依存的にシグナルが得られた。また、各スポットの形は良好な形状をしめしていた。
2. Detection of antigen [Example 1] (when RAT ALBUMIN antibody is immobilized in a dry state with a humidity of 50% or less)
(1) First, the following members and raw materials were prepared for detection of RAT ALBUMIN.
A polyethylene resin substrate provided with a well having a diameter of 7 mm was prepared as a substrate. A 0.5 wt% ethanol solution of the polymer was prepared on the substrate, spotted on the well of the molded product, dried, then washed with ethanol, and the polymer was introduced into the bottom of the well.
(2) Next, a 5 μg / mL phosphate buffer solution of a primary antibody (RABBIT IGG FRACTION TO RAT ALBUMIN (manufactured by Cappel)) was prepared, and after spotting this in the hole, a dry state of 45% or less, Allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. Washing was performed 3 times using a washing solution (0.05% triton X100 / PBS).
(3) Next, a 70 μg / mL PBS solution (specimen) of Albumin antigen (Albumin, Rat (−) (Cappel)) was prepared, spotted in the hole, and then placed in an environment at 37 ° C. The mixture was allowed to stand for 5 hours to carry out an antigen-antibody reaction. Washing was performed 3 times using the washing solution.
(4) Next, a 1 ug / mL PBS solution (0.05% triton X100) of a labeled secondary antibody (Otin-labeled SHEEP IGG FRACTION TO RAT ALBUMIN (Cappel)) was prepared and spotted in the hole. After that, it was allowed to stand in an environment of 37 ° C. for 1 hour to carry out an antigen-antibody reaction. Washing was performed 3 times using the washing solution.
(5) Next, a solution of Cy3-labeled streptavidin in PBS (0.05% triton X100) was prepared, spotted in the hole, and allowed to stand in an environment of 37 ° C. for 0.5 hour. Washing was performed 3 times using the washing solution.
(6) For the measurement, fluorescence was measured for each well (excitation wavelength: 550 nm, fluorescence wavelength: 570 nm).
As a result, a signal was obtained in an antigen-dependent manner. Further, each spot had a good shape.
[比較例](RAT ALBUMIN抗体を湿度50%以上の多湿下で固定化した場合)実施例1と同様の操作で、(2)の一次抗体の固定化において、湿度60%の条件下で実施した。
その結果、抗原依存的な蛍光シグナルが得られなかった。
実施例1、と比較例1とでは、明らかに得られた蛍光シグナルの強度、形状が著しく異なり、実施例1において良好な結果が得られたことがわかる。
[Comparative Example] (When RAT ALBUMIN antibody is immobilized under high humidity of 50% or higher) The same procedure as in Example 1 is carried out under the conditions of 60% humidity in the immobilization of the primary antibody in (2). did.
As a result, an antigen-dependent fluorescence signal was not obtained.
It can be seen that Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 clearly differ in the intensity and shape of the fluorescent signal obtained, and that good results were obtained in Example 1.
本発明は、不要な生理活性物質の吸着および結合を抑制し、高感度でハイスループットな生理活性物質の検出および分析用のバイオチップに使用することができる。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a biochip for detecting and analyzing bioactive substances with high sensitivity and high throughput by suppressing adsorption and binding of unnecessary bioactive substances.
Claims (17)
(1)基体表面にアルキレングリコール基を有するポリマーを塗布する工程、
(2)基体表面に蛋白質を溶媒に溶解又は分散した液体を点着または塗布する工程、
(3)蛋白質を固定化する工程、
を含むことを特徴とするバイオチップの製造方法。 A method for producing a biochip comprising a protein immobilized on a substrate surface,
(1) A step of applying a polymer having an alkylene glycol group to the substrate surface,
(2) A step of spotting or applying a liquid in which a protein is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent on the surface of the substrate,
(3) a step of immobilizing the protein,
A method for producing a biochip comprising:
(式中R1は水素原子またはメチル基を示し、R2は水素原子または炭素数1〜20のアルキル基を示す。Xは炭素数1〜10のアルキレングリコール基を示し、pは1〜100の整数を示す。繰り返されるXは、同一であっても、または異なるアルキレングリコール基の連鎖であってもよい。) The method for producing a biochip according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the monomer having an alkylene glycol group is a monomer represented by the following general formula [1].
(Wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, X represents an alkylene glycol group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and p represents an integer of 1 to 100) The repeated Xs may be the same or a chain of different alkylene glycol groups.
A biochip manufactured by the manufacturing method according to claim 1.
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