JP2013148188A - Washer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a washer by which completion of fastening of a bolt or the like can be visually recognized and which can also prevent looseness of the bolt or the like due to aging.SOLUTION: A washer includes a base body 11, a pressure plate 21, and an elastic body 31. The base body 11 includes a cylindrical section 13 through which a shaft section A of a bolt B penetrates, and a plate 14 spreading from one end of the cylindrical section 13 to the outer peripheral side. The pressure plate 21 has a plane shape facing the plate 14, and has a center hole 23 for passing the cylindrical section 13. The elastic body 31 is sandwiched between the plate 14 and pressure plate 21. A collar 16 is disposed at one end of the cylindrical section 13, and the base body 11 and pressure plate 21 are integrated. When the bolt B incorporated with the washer is fastened, the elastic body 31 is exposed to the outside and the completion of the fastening can be recognized. Even when the elastic body 31 is deteriorated, the existence of the cylindrical section 13 can prevent the looseness of the bolt B.

Description

  The present invention relates to a washer incorporated so as to be in contact with a bolt head or a nut.

  A washer is a basic mechanical element, also called a washer. It has a very thin disk shape with a hole in the center. When fixing parts using bolts and nuts, the washer is built in contact with the bolt head and nut. . By incorporating the washer, the stress acting on the parts after tightening is relieved, and the head of the bolt and the nut can be prevented from sinking, and the loosening of the bolt and nut due to aging can be suppressed. There are various types of washers. In addition to simple flat washers, spring washers and elastic washers that generate a reaction force by elastic deformation are also used.

  Further, as a washer having a special function, the following patent document has been proposed. These two patent documents are intended to make it easy to grasp the tightening state of screws, bolts, etc. In FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1, a configuration in which a rubber washer is incorporated under the head of a small screw is disclosed. Has been. By tightening the small screw, the washer is crushed, and the outer edge of the washer protrudes from the small screw, so that the end of the tightening can be grasped visually. In addition, Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which a spring portion and a movable piece are incorporated in a washer and the tightening can be grasped using the displacement.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a washer that can be determined simply by looking at forgetting tightening or insufficient tightening of bolts and nuts. Each of the washers is composed of a disc-shaped washer base and a metal fitting for extrusion, and a plastic material such as a gel-like substance is sandwiched therebetween. When a bolt or the like is tightened, the washer base and the metal fitting for extrusion are crushed, and the plastic material leaks to the outside from the leak hole of the washer base, so that it can be visually grasped that the tightening is finished. Furthermore, by adjusting the physical properties of the plastic material, the inner diameter of the leak hole, etc., it is possible to grasp that the tightening has been completed with an appropriate torque.

JP-A-6-280837 JP 2005-140314 A

  In Patent Document 1, the washer is crushed by tightening the small screw, and the end of the tightening can be visually grasped. However, if the washer is made of rubber, it is easily affected by ultraviolet rays, chemical substances, etc., and depending on the conditions, it may deteriorate in a short period of time, and the screw may be loosened. In addition, there is a limit to the amount of displacement of the configuration in which the spring part and the movable piece are incorporated in the washer, and there remains a problem in visibility from a distance, making it difficult to use in a large-scale building.

  In Patent Document 2, in order to accommodate the plastic material, a disk-shaped groove is formed in the washer base, and a plurality of leakage holes are formed in the side peripheral surface of the washer base, so that the manufacturing process is not complicated. It is difficult to control product prices. Further, the plastic material is sandwiched between the washer base and the metal fitting for extrusion, and even after the plastic material is ejected from the leakage hole, the washer base and the metal fitting for extrusion are not always in close contact with each other. Therefore, if the plastic material continues to leak, or if the plastic material deteriorates or contracts, a gap may be formed between the washer base and the metal fitting for extrusion, and the bolts and nuts may be loosened.

  The present invention has been developed on the basis of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a washer that can visually grasp that tightening of a bolt or the like has been completed and can also prevent loosening of the bolt or the like due to aging.

  The invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-mentioned problem includes a base body composed of a cylindrical portion through which a shaft portion of a bolt can be inserted, a plate extending from one end of the cylindrical portion to the outer peripheral side, and the plate. A pressing plate having a medium hole for opposing and inserting the cylindrical portion; and an elastic body that is sandwiched between the plate and the pressing plate and is exposed from the outer edge by compression. A washer characterized in that a flange for preventing the pressing plate from slipping out is provided on the opposite side of the plate.

  The washer according to the present invention is composed of three elements: a base body, a pressing plate, and an elastic body. The base body and the pressing plate are both in the same planar shape as the conventional washer and are arranged so as to face each other, and a bolt shaft portion or the like can be inserted into the center thereof. The elastic body is sandwiched between the base body and the pressing plate.

  The base body is not a simple flat surface, but is composed of a cylindrical tube portion and a flat plate developed from one end to the outer peripheral side, and a bolt shaft portion or the like can be inserted into the tube portion. it can. The inner diameter of the tube portion is set to a size that allows the shaft portion of the bolt to be easily inserted, as in the case of a conventional washer hole. The plate can be freely shaped, but is usually a simple disk.

  The pressing plate is a plate facing the plate of the base body, and its size is substantially the same as the plate. Further, a central hole for inserting the cylindrical portion of the base body is provided near the center of the pressing plate. The inner diameter of the middle hole is made slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion. Therefore, when the cylindrical portion is inserted into the inner hole, the pressing plate can freely move along the cylindrical portion.

  The pressure plate can be easily detached from the base body simply by inserting the cylindrical portion into the middle hole. In order to prevent this, a flange protruding to the outer peripheral side is provided at the end of the cylindrical portion. Of course, the brim is located on the opposite side of the plate. The collar is provided by inserting the cylindrical part into the inner hole and then plastically deforming the end of the cylindrical part. Thereafter, the pressing plate can freely move within the range sandwiched between the plate and the collar and detach from the base body. Can not.

  The elastic body uses a solid having excellent deformability such as rubber or gel, and is sandwiched between the plate and the pressing plate. Therefore, when a compressive load is applied to press the plate and the pressing plate, a reaction force is generated due to elastic deformation, and the same function as a conventional elastic washer is exhibited. Further, the elastic body not only generates a reaction force but also spreads flatly as the compression load increases, and when it exceeds a certain limit, it is exposed to the outside from the outer edge of the plate or the pressing plate. The elastic body is also deformed to the inner peripheral side by a compressive load, but this is restricted by the cylindrical portion.

  When a shaft such as a bolt is inserted into the washer according to the present invention and the bolt head or nut is tightened, the elastic body is gradually crushed and eventually the elastic body begins to be exposed from the outer edge of the plate or the pressing plate. . The point which can grasp | ascertain visually that completion | finish of clamping | tightening by this is the same as the said patent document. Of course, the shape and material of the elastic body are adjusted according to the application, and the elastic body starts to be exposed when the compression load becomes a predetermined magnitude.

  In addition, in order to improve the visibility of an elastic body, a metal powder can be contained as a reflecting material, and various coloring can also be given with a fluorescent paint. Furthermore, if the elastic body has a double structure on the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side, and both have different colors, at the initial stage of tightening, only the elastic body on the outer peripheral side is exposed and the tightening torque becomes appropriate. For the first time, the elastic body on the inner peripheral side is exposed, and the work can be advanced more precisely.

  When the washer is sandwiched between the bolt head and the object to be fastened and the bolt is tightened, the cylinder part is also crushed through the plate and the flange in addition to the elastic body. A cylinder part is inserted | pinched between fixed objects. Therefore, even when the elastic body is deteriorated due to aging or the like, the cylindrical portion is sandwiched between the head of the bolt and the fixed object without any gap, and the bolt can be prevented from loosening.

  The invention according to claim 2 limits the shape of the plate and the pressing plate, and is provided with a bent portion protruding toward the opposing pressing plate or plate on the outer edge of one or both of the plate and the pressing plate. It is characterized by that. The bent portion is formed by bending and projecting the entire outer periphery of the plate or the pressing plate at a certain angle, and generates a reaction force when its tip comes into contact with the opposing pressing plate or plate. Therefore, when the bolt is tightened, if the bent part is in contact with the other party, even if the elastic body deteriorates, a reaction force acts between the head of the bolt and the fixed object to prevent the bolt from loosening. it can.

  Moreover, the clearance gap between the outer edges of a plate and a press board becomes narrow by providing a bending part. Therefore, when the crushed elastic body is exposed to the outside from the bent portion, it is inevitably stretched thinly, the surface area is increased, and the visibility of the elastic body is improved. In addition to the configuration in which the bent portion is always in contact with the opposing pressing plate or plate, the bolt can be tightened, and the plate and the pressing plate can begin to contact each other when approaching.

  As in the first aspect of the invention, the washer is composed of a base body, a pressing plate, and an elastic body, and the elastic body is exposed to the outside by tightening bolts and nuts to visually confirm that the tightening is finished. I can grasp. This elastic body is made of rubber or the like, has a much larger deformation amount than a metal spring, has excellent visibility from a distance, and exhibits an effect in various places. Further, the base body and the pressing plate can be formed by press working, and the product price can be suppressed.

  Furthermore, the present invention has a cylindrical portion penetrating the center, and after the bolt is tightened, the cylindrical portion is sandwiched between the head of the bolt and the fixed object without any gap. Therefore, even when the elastic body is deteriorated, the thickness of the washer is not reduced, and the bolt can be prevented from loosening. In the present invention, the base body and the pressing plate cannot be separated by the brim, and handling in use is exactly the same as a conventional washer.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, by providing a bent portion on the outer edge of one or both of the plate and the pressing plate, when the bolt or the like is tightened, the bent portion comes into contact with the opposing pressing plate or plate. Therefore, even if the elastic body deteriorates after tightening, the reaction force due to the contact of the bent portion acts between the head of the bolt and the fixed object, so that the bolt can be prevented from loosening. In addition, when the crushed elastic body is exposed to the outside, the elastic body is thinly stretched by passing through the bent portion, thereby increasing the surface area. Therefore, it becomes easier to visually recognize the elastic body.

It is the perspective view and longitudinal cross-sectional view which show the example of a shape of the washer by this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the use condition of the washer of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the use condition of the washer of FIG.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of the shape of a washer according to the present invention. This washer is composed of three elements, that is, a base body 11, a pressing plate 21, and an elastic body 31, and the base body 11 and the pressing plate 21 each have a disk shape formed by pressing a thin steel plate. The base body 11 has a shape in which a disk-shaped plate 14 is radially developed from the lower end of the cylindrical tube portion 13, and the inner diameter of the tube portion 13 is the same as that of the conventional washer of the shaft portion A of the bolt B to be inserted. Slightly larger than the outer diameter. In addition, a bent portion 15 that protrudes obliquely upward is provided on the entire outer periphery of the plate 14.

  The pressing plate 21 has a disk shape that is paired with the base body 11, and has an inner hole 23 at the center for inserting the cylindrical portion 13 of the base body 11. The inner diameter of the middle hole 23 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 13. Further, a bent portion 25 that protrudes obliquely downward is provided on the entire outer periphery of the pressing plate 21. Next, the elastic body 31 is formed by cutting out rubber in an annular shape, and an inner peripheral portion 33 and an outer peripheral portion 34 arranged in a concentric manner are integrated. The inner peripheral portion 33 and the outer peripheral portion 34 have different colors including the inside. The elastic body 31 is sandwiched between the plate 14 and the pressing plate 21 and is accommodated from the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical portion 13 to the inner peripheral side of the bent portions 15 and 25.

  After the elastic body 31 is disposed on the upper surface of the plate 14, when the cylindrical portion 13 and the inner hole 23 are aligned and the pressing plate 21 is placed on the base body 11, the tip of the cylindrical portion 13 protrudes from the inner hole 23. In this state, when the upper portion of the cylindrical portion 13 is expanded and bent downward, the flange 16 is formed as shown in the lower left of FIG. 1, and the pressing plate 21 cannot be detached from the base body 11 to complete the washer. When the washer is completed, the bent portions 15 and 25 of the base body 11 and the pressing plate 21 are in contact with each other as shown in the vertical cross section at the lower right of FIG. 1, and the elastic body 31 is interposed between the base body 11 and the pressing plate 21. Is sandwiched.

  As shown in the longitudinal section, the inner diameter of the inner hole 23 of the pressing plate 21 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 13, and the pressing plate 21 is sandwiched between the plate 14 and the flange 16 with the cylindrical portion 13 as a guide. You can move up and down only within the range. The upper and lower bent portions 15 and 25 are in contact with each other, and the elastic body 31 is completely covered. Then, when the shaft portion A of the bolt B is inserted into the tube portion 13 and tightened, the tube portion 13 is eventually deformed, and at the same time, the pressing plate 21 is pushed down, and the compressed elastic body 31 swells in the horizontal direction, and the limit is reached. If it exceeds, it will begin to be exposed to the outside from the outer edges of the bent portions 15 and 25.

  FIG. 2 shows a use state of the washer of FIG. In this figure, it is assumed that a fixed object F such as a steel plate is installed with a bolt B, a washer is placed on the fixed object F, and a bolt B is inserted into the center of the washer. Before the bolt B is tightened, the washer has a certain thickness, and the bolt B protrudes greatly from the fixed object F.

  When the bolt B is tightened, as shown in the center of FIG. 2, the pressing plate 21 is gradually pushed down, and the bent portion 25 at the outer edge is expanded, so that the diameter slightly increases. Further, the internal elastic body 31 is crushed and the outer peripheral portion 34 is exposed from the outer edge of the bent portion 25. However, this stage is only in the middle of tightening and must not be finished here.

  When the bolt B is completely tightened, the pressing plate 21 becomes substantially flat as shown in the lower part of FIG. 2, and the outer peripheral portion 34 of the elastic body 31 as well as the inner peripheral portion 33 are exposed from the outer edge of the bent portion 25. . Since the inner peripheral portion 33 and the outer peripheral portion 34 have completely different colors, this state can be easily grasped from the outside.

  Thus, by making the elastic body 31 have the double structure of the inner peripheral portion 33 and the outer peripheral portion 34, not only can the bolt B be tightened visually, but the tightening torque can be visually confirmed. In addition to further improving the reliability of the work, when checking forgetting tightening or the like later, it is sufficient to simply grasp the color of the elastic body 31, and it can be performed reliably in a short time.

  FIG. 3 shows the use state of the washer of FIG. 1 in a longitudinal section. In this figure, it is assumed that the stud bolt S protrudes vertically from the concrete C, and the plate-like fixed object F is installed on the surface of the concrete C using this. After inserting the stud bolt S into the fixed object F and further inserting the washer into the stud bolt S, the nut N is screwed together. When the nut N is tightened, the washer is gradually crushed.

  The nut N is in contact with the flange 16, and when tightening is started, a compressive load acts on the cylindrical portion 13 adjacent to the flange 16. As a result, the upper portion of the cylindrical portion 13 is pushed outward toward the outer peripheral side, and the flange 16 apparently extends toward the outer peripheral side. At the same time, the pressing plate 21 is pushed down via the flange 16 and the elastic body 31 is crushed in conjunction with the pressing plate 21 and swells in the horizontal direction.

  The outer edges of the bent portions 15 and 25 of both the plate 14 and the pressing plate 21 are in contact with each other before the nut N is tightened, but the crushed elastic body 31 slightly expands the boundary to the outside. It flows out. At that time, since the elastic body 31 is thinned, the surface area is increased and the visibility is excellent.

  The outer peripheral portion 34 of the elastic body 31 is completely exposed to the outside during tightening, and thereafter the inner peripheral portion 33 is exposed. By extremely changing the colors of the inner peripheral portion 33 and the outer peripheral portion 34, it is possible to easily grasp whether the tightening is in progress or has ended. In addition, when it is only necessary to confirm the presence or absence of tightening, it is not necessary to partition the elastic body 31 into the inner peripheral portion 33 and the outer peripheral portion 34, and a simple annular shape may be used.

  After tightening the nut N, the cylindrical portion 13 is sandwiched between the fixed object F and the nut N without a gap. Further, the bent portions 15 and 25 are in contact with each other. Therefore, even when the elastic body 31 is deteriorated, the thickness of the washer is not reduced. In addition, the cylinder portion 13 and the bent portions 15 and 25 generate a reaction force due to the compressive load due to tightening, so that the nut N does not loosen.

  In this figure, the bent portions 15 and 25 are provided on both the base body 11 and the pressing plate 21, but only one of them can be used. Further, the bent portions 15 and 25 can be configured to begin to come into contact with the opposing pressing plate 21 and the base body 11 by tightening the nut N or the like. Furthermore, the structure which does not provide the bending parts 15 and 25 at all is also possible.

11 Base body 13 Cylinder part 14 Plate 15 Bending part (Base body side)
16 Head 21 Press plate 23 Middle hole 25 Bent part (Press plate side)
31 Elastic body 33 Inner peripheral portion 34 Outer peripheral portion A Shaft portion B Bolt C Concrete F Fixed object N Nut S Stud bolt

Claims (2)

A base body (11) comprising a cylindrical portion (13) through which the shaft portion (A) of the bolt (B) and the like can be inserted, and a plate (14) developed from one end of the cylindrical portion (13) to the outer peripheral side;
A pressing plate (21) facing the plate (14) and having an inner hole (23) for inserting the cylindrical portion (13);
An elastic body (31) sandwiched between the plate (14) and the pressing plate (21) and exposed from these outer edges by compression;
With
A washer characterized in that a flange (16) for preventing the pressing plate (21) from slipping out is provided on the opposite side of the plate (14) of both ends of the cylindrical portion (13).   Bending portions (15, 25) projecting toward the pressing plate (21) or the plate (14) facing each other on the outer edge of one or both of the plate (14) and the pressing plate (21). The washer according to claim 1, wherein the washer is provided.

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