JP2013014698A - Organism pyrolysis gas fuel-making device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organism pyrolysis gas fuel-making device in which when organism pyrolysis gas is converted into fuel, the treatment of a tar content in the pyrolysis gas requires a lot of cost, in addition, the pyrolysis gas is diluted by nitrogen because air is generally introduced into a thermal decomposition furnace to be low calorie, so that: the tar is performed by detoxification; the pyrolysis gas is separated; the pyrolysis gas is made high in calorie; the tar is detoxified; and the pyrolysis gas is modified to be high calorie gas.SOLUTION: The organism pyrolysis gas fuel-making device W includes: a separator A that cools an organism pyrolysis gas exhausted from an organism thermal decomposition furnace to separates the pyrolysis gas into a tar content and a gaseous matter; a nitrogen removal device O that removes nitrogen from the separated gaseous matter; a gas reforming device K in which the gaseous matter from which nitrogen is removed, and the tar content are modified by superheated steam to a gas that is clean and has high calorie; and a quenching device in which the modified gas is quenched, and generates good quality gas that is clean and has high calorie.

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for reforming exhaust gas obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste in a pyrolysis furnace into a clean and high-calorie gas.

The prior art has the following problems.
The system described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in a complicated process by thermally decomposing tar and unreacted residue in the pyrolysis gas and using the heat.
The system described in Patent Document 2 has a problem in the method of removing nitrogen and the purpose of removing nitrogen.

Patent Publication 2010-77260 Patent Publication No. 7-4327 Patent Publication 2008-8559 Patent Publication 2009-46554

Published by the Japan Institute of Energy The author Osamu Yamada and three others “Superheated Steam (SHS) Gasification System Using Woody Biomass”

  The present invention detoxifies tar and gas in pyrolysis gas generated when pyrolyzing organic waste in a pyrolysis furnace, removes nitrogen in the gas, and can be used directly in a gas engine or the like. To provide calorie gas.

The above prior art has the following problems.
The system described in Patent Document 1 has problems in complicated processes such as thermal decomposition of tar and unreacted residue again by means of reforming of pyrolysis gas and use of the heat, and use of water vapor in the reformed gas. is there.
In the system described in Patent Document 2, the purpose of nitrogen removal is to transmit oxygen in the air and not nitrogen, and the purpose of nitrogen removal required by the present invention is to allow the combustible gas in the pyrolysis gas to pass. Therefore, there is a problem in the purpose of removing nitrogen.
Although the basic system of the pyrolysis furnace of Patent Document 3 is low temperature, the use of energy such as a blower enabled high temperature to increase the rate of carbonization, but in the present invention, the basic low temperature of 150 to 350 ° C. This eliminates the need for energy for dry distillation, making it extremely economical and suppressing tar generation at high temperatures. However, it is possible to use high quality combustible tar without using high temperature energy. It became possible to convert to sex gas.
The system described in Patent Document 4 uses superheated steam for gas reforming to synthesize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, but in the manufacturing process, chipping biomass and converting hydrogen and carbon monoxide into hydrocarbons. When synthesizing, a catalyst is used and multiple anti-royal families are installed, and the manufacturing process is complicated as compared with the process of the present invention.
The system described in Non-Patent Document 1 gasifies biomass raw cedar pellets in a cylindrical shape of about 5 mm × L 1.5 to 10 mm, and the gasification of the present invention is performed in the pyrolysis furnace of Patent Document 3. For example, since the raw material can be gasified without being processed into granules or powders, the cost for pretreatment is unnecessary and the economic effect is great, and the system described in Non-Patent Document 1 Although the production of tar is reduced, the present invention is intended to increase the amount of energy by converting the tar itself into a high-calorie gas, and dust in the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace of Patent Document 3 The discharge itself is extremely small, and the discharge of very little dust is also one of the features of this pyrolysis furnace, and it is an environmentally friendly system that does not always exceed the regulation values stipulated by the Air Pollution Control Law.

  An object of the present invention is to modify the pyrolysis gas that is extremely simple and inexpensive, and to remove nitrogen in the combustible gas and increase the calorie content of the pyrolysis gas.

Biomass gasification or pyrolysis gasification methods are used to convert organic matter into fuel. In the case of biomass gas, the generated gas is low in calories and cannot be used alone as fuel. For example, if you want to use it as a fuel for an automobile engine, you have to make up for low calories with fuel such as light oil, and there is a large cost for remodeling the engine. A large amount of cost is required in terms of structure to process the tar content.
Furthermore, the pyrolysis gas is generally carried out in a reducing atmosphere, that is, the fuel produced for introducing air into the furnace is diluted with nitrogen and forced to have low calories.
It is an object of the present invention to solve the detoxification of tar of these troublesome persons and further increase the calorie of tar and the high calorie of low calorie gas.

(About claim 1)
Separation device that introduces and cools an organic pyrolysis gas discharged from an organic pyrolysis furnace and separates the tar component and the gas component, and a nitrogen removal device that introduces the gas component separated by the separation device and removes nitrogen And introducing a gas component from which nitrogen has been removed by the nitrogen removal device, a tar component separated by the separation device, and superheated steam generated by a superheated steam generator into a clean, high-calorie gas. A gas reformer provided with a reaction furnace, and a quenching device for quenching by introducing clean and high-calorie gas reformed by the gas reformer.

(About claim 2)
The separation device is provided with a spiral pipe, a drain for removing tar is provided at a lowermost part of the spiral pipe, and a storage container for storing the tar discharged from the drain is provided, and stored in the storage container The tar content was introduced into the gas reformer with a pump.

(Claim 3)
The quenching device includes a spiral pipe and a blower.

  Gas separation and tar content in the gas generated when pyrolyzing organic waste in a pyrolysis furnace are separated by a separator, and the combustible gas in the gas component is removed from nitrogen to increase the calorie. It is rendered harmless by a gas reformer equipped with high-temperature superheated steam and reformed into a clean, high-calorie gas.

  In addition to burning or filling organic waste, the present invention pyrolyzes general waste that is difficult to recycle or otherwise effectively use, and generates clean, high-calorie gas to generate energy with low environmental impact. And contribute to the fixation of carbon dioxide.

The schematic block diagram of the organic substance pyrolysis gas fuelization apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention. Detailed view of the gas reforming reactor.

The organic pyrolysis gas fueling apparatus W introduces an organic pyrolysis gas discharged from an organic pyrolysis furnace (not shown), cools it, and separates it with a separation apparatus A that separates tar and gas components. Is generated in the superheated steam generator L, a nitrogen removal device O that introduces the removed gas component to remove nitrogen, a gas component from which nitrogen has been removed by the nitrogen removal device O, a tar component separated by the separation device A, and A gas reforming reactor M is introduced that introduces superheated steam and reforms it into a clean, high-calorie gas.
A quenching device R that introduces clean and high-calorie gas reformed by the gas reforming device K and quenches it is provided.

  With the configuration as described above, the organic pyrolysis gas discharged from the organic pyrolysis furnace (not shown) is cooled and separated into a gas component and a tar component. The gas is introduced into the gas reformer K at the same time as the gas from which nitrogen has been removed and reformed to produce a clean, high-calorie gas.

The quenching device R includes a spiral pipe C3, a spiral pipe C4, and a blower S.
By comprising in this way, it returns to the gas component before modification | reformation by quenching the clean and high-calorie gas discharged | emitted at high temperature.

  Embodiments of the present invention (claims 1, 2, 3) will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an organic pyrolysis gas fueling apparatus W according to an embodiment.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the organic pyrolysis gas fueling device W in FIG. 1 introduces an organic pyrolysis gas introduced from an organic pyrolysis furnace (not shown). The gas is connected to the uppermost stage of the first spiral pipe C1 of the separator A via the gas introduction pipe B, and is connected to the tar storage container E via the first drain D1 provided with the backflow prevention valve DD1 at the lowermost stage. The tar storage container is connected to the uppermost stage of the spiral pipe C2 via the organic pyrolysis gas introduction pipe F1 at the lowermost stage of the spiral pipe C1, and through the second drain D2 provided with the backflow prevention valve DD2 at the lowermost stage. Connected to E.
A drain G provided with a backflow prevention valve GG1 is provided at an arbitrary position on the bottom of the tar containment vessel E, and a tar injection nozzle is provided via a gas reforming reactor introduction pipe H provided with a pump I connected to the drain G. Connected to J.
On the other hand, the spiral pipe C2 is connected to the nitrogen removal device O via the nitrogen introduction pipe N at the lowest stage and connected to the gas reforming reaction furnace M of the gas reforming device K via the gas reforming reactor introduction pipe P. The
The gas quenching device R has a stainless steel case, a dimension height of 1,050 mm, a width of 675 mm, and a depth of 350 mm, and a blower S is provided above the spiral pipe C3 and the spiral pipe C4. The gas reforming reactor M of the gas reforming apparatus K is connected to the uppermost stage of the cooling spiral pipe C3 via the cooling introduction pipe Q, and the helical pipe C4 is connected to the lowermost stage via the organic pyrolysis gas introduction pipe F2. Is connected to the gas holder U via the gas holder introduction pipe T at the lowermost stage.

Separation device A is made of stainless steel having a spiral diameter of 25 mm, a thickness of 0.8 mm, and a diameter of 300 mm via a stainless steel organic pyrolysis gas introduction pipe B having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm for introducing organic pyrolysis gas. It is connected to the spiral pipe C1 with a height of 1,000 mm, a depth of 300 mm, and a width of 300 mm, which is made of a product and maintained at a distance of 25 mm between the spirals, and is 675 mm wide via a first drain D1 having a backflow prevention valve DD1 at the bottom. It is connected to a stainless steel tar containment container E having a height of 250 mm, a depth of 300 mm, and a thickness of 1.2 mm.
Further, at the lowermost stage of the spiral pipe C1, it is connected to the uppermost stage of the spiral pipe C2 via the organic pyrolysis gas introduction pipe F1, and at the lowermost stage, it is made of stainless steel via the second drain D2 provided with the backflow prevention valve DD2. It is introduced into the tar storage container E.
Separation device A and tar storage container E are enclosed and housed in a stainless steel case height 10, 50 mm width 675 mm depth 350 mm.
In addition, about the spiral which introduce | transduces the organic pyrolysis gas of the separation apparatus A, you may change if there exists a diameter, thickness, and length which can introduce | transduce gas efficiently. Further, the material may not be made of stainless steel if there is an efficient material as described above.

The nitrogen removing device O is connected by a nitrogen introducing pipe N from the lowest stage of the spiral pipe C2 of the separating device A.
Further, the nitrogen removing device O is connected to the gas reforming reaction furnace M of the gas reforming device K through the gas reforming introduction pipe P.
The nitrogen gas removing device N has an exterior width of 300 mm × depth of 390 mm × height of 640 mm (internal mechanism is not described).

The gas reformer K is composed of a superheated steam generator L and a gas reforming reactor M, and is provided with a tar discharge pump I from a tar discharge drain G provided with a backflow prevention valve GG1 of the tar containment vessel E. It is connected to a gas reforming reactor L via a tar introduction pipe H.
At the same time, the tar introduced into the gas reforming reactor M through the tar introduction pipe H and the nitrogen removal device O into the gas reforming reactor M through the gas reforming reactor introduction pipe P. A mixed reaction is performed with the superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generator L together with the removed nitrogen gas.
The superheated steam generator L and the gas reforming reactor M are bundled and incorporated in a stainless steel case having a height of 675 mm, a depth of 300 mm, a width of 1,000 mm, and a thickness of 1.2 mm.

.
The quenching device R is connected from the gas reforming device K by a cooling introduction pipe Q.
The quenching device R is provided with a spiral pipe C3 having a height of 1,050 mm, a width of 675 mm, and a depth of 350 mm, a spiral pipe C4 and a blower S on the upper part, and is incorporated in a stainless steel case having a thickness of 1.2 mm.

The gas holder U is shown.
The gas holder U is connected from the quenching device R by a gas introduction pipe T.

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the gas reforming reaction furnace M of the gas reforming apparatus K.
The gas reforming reactor M is composed of a mixing unit Y for introducing and mixing superheated steam 1, pyrolysis gas 2 and tar 3 after nitrogen removal, and a conical reaction unit X for reacting the mixed gas. The flow rate of superheated steam 1 is adjusted by superheated steam generator L, the flow rate of pyrolysis gas 2 after nitrogen removal is adjusted by nitrogen removing device, and the flow rate of tar 3 is adjusted by tar jet nozzle J. Done. The dimensions are illustrated in FIG.
Although the diameters of the pipes 1, 2 and 3 in the detailed drawing are 16 mm, they may be changed if there is a diameter of better efficiency, and the sizes of the mixing part Y and the reaction part X are more It may be changed if there is a capacity with good efficiency.

Next, conversion to organic pyrolysis gas fuel using the organic pyrolysis gas fueling apparatus W of the embodiment will be described.
The organic pyrolysis gas discharged from the organic pyrolysis furnace (not shown) at a temperature of 166 ° C. is cooled to 40 ° C. or less, which is the operating temperature of the nitrogen removing device, by the separator A through the organic pyrolysis gas introduction pipe B. Is done. Although the cooling capacity in the separation apparatus A varies depending on the operating temperature of the nitrogen removing apparatus O, it is necessary to be able to cool to a temperature lower than the operating temperature of the nitrogen removing apparatus O. In such a state, the organic pyrolysis gas is a liquid tar. And gaseous components.
In the embodiment, the temperature discharged from the organic pyrolysis furnace is 166 ° C., but cooling can be performed even with the organic pyrolysis gas discharged at a temperature of 150 to 500 ° C.

Of the separated organic pyrolysis gas, a gaseous gas component is introduced into the nitrogen removing device O through the nitrogen introduction pipe N.
The gas component is introduced into the gas reforming reactor M of the gas reformer K through the gas reforming reactor introduction pipe P, and is reformed by reacting with the superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generator L. In addition, by removing 98% or more of nitrogen (N2) by the nitrogen removing device O, the low-calorie gas component becomes a high-calorie gas component.
One of the effects of nitrogen removal is to convert the organic pyrolysis gas into a high-calorie gas, and the other is to directly superheat steam at 800 ° C. or higher without removing nitrogen from the organic pyrolysis gas. When nitrogen is reacted, nitrogen compound (NOX) may be generated. In order to prevent formation of nitrogen compound (NOX), nitrogen in organic pyrolysis gas is to be removed in advance.
The method for removing nitrogen in the organic pyrolysis gas may be a film method, a PSA method, and other methods.
Further, by magnetizing the gas in the gas reforming reactor introduction pipe P with a magnet, the gas cluster is subdivided and the efficiency of gas reforming can be increased.

In addition, the liquid tar component in the organic pyrolysis gas is stored in the tar storage container E through the first drain D1, and the tar introduction pipe H from the tar discharge drain G provided with the backflow prevention valve GG1 of the tar storage container E. It is pumped up by a pump I, sprayed from a jet nozzle J to a gas reforming reactor M, reacted with superheated steam at 1,000 ° C. or more generated by a superheated steam generator L, and rendered harmless. It is reformed to a clean gas. In addition, if the temperature of superheated steam is less than 800 degreeC, an effective reaction cannot be expected.
In addition, by magnetizing the tar in the tar introduction pipe H with a magnet, the tar cluster is subdivided and the efficiency of gas reforming can be increased. That is, an effective reaction can be obtained even with superheated steam at 400 ° C.

In the gas reforming reactor M, the temperature of the superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generator L above 1,000 ° C. is added, and the reformed clean and high calorie gas passes through the cooling introduction pipe Q. Then, the organic pyrolysis gas that is quenched by the quenching device R and discharged from the organic pyrolysis furnace (not shown) is generated into a clean and high-calorie gas.
By doing in this way, the clean and high-calorie gas discharged at high temperature is rapidly cooled by the quenching device R equipped with the cooling fan S, so that it returns to the gas components before the reaction, mainly moisture. Is prevented.
The cooling capacity of the quenching device R varies depending on the operating temperature of the gas holder U, but it is necessary to be able to cool to a temperature lower than the operating temperature of the gas holder U. Note that the length of the spiral pipe of the quenching device can be set to a length with good cooling efficiency.

The gas holder U is connected from the quenching device R by a reaction gas introduction pipe T.
The generated clean and high-calorie gas is stored in the gas holder U, so that it can be supplied not only as a fuel for gas turbine generators and natural gas vehicles, but also as a fuel for other engines. Convenience.

As an example, the components measured for the organic pyrolysis gas discharged from the organic pyrolysis furnace under the conditions of 1 cubic meter chopsticks, weight 120 kg, pyrolysis time 3 hours, pyrolysis temperature 166 ° C. with the organic pyrolysis gas introduction pipe B are as follows: It is as follows.
Carbon monoxide 4.5%
Carbon dioxide 3.1%
Oxygen 4.5%
Nitrogen 50.3%
Hydrogen 0.9%
Dust amount 0.069g / n cubic meter Moisture 3.9%
Tar 0.360L

The above organic pyrolysis gas was introduced into the gas reforming reactor for about 2 seconds or more at a superheated steam temperature of 1,000 ° C. and a flow rate of 2.5 cubic meters / minute, and the resulting reformed gas composition was cooled and introduced. The measurement with the pipe Q was as follows.
Carbon dioxide 20.6%
Carbon monoxide 26.0
Hydrogen 48.5
Methane 5.9
The amount of clean and high calorie gas produced was approximately 450 cubic meters.
The composition exceeding 100% is presumed that the moisture in the pyrolysis gas and the moisture in the tar were converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide by the water gas reaction caused by superheated steam at 1,000 ° C.
It is approximately the same calorie as city gas, and can be used directly in gas-powered vehicles.

Recycling of organic waste is progressing, but current efforts include fertilizer, carbonization, biomass gas, etc., but the recycling rate in the whole is about 80% compost etc. like animal waste Although some are used, it is generally expensive, only 30% or less, and 90% of the food waste is incinerated or buried.
Under such circumstances, the present invention can safely gasify organic waste with high calorie regardless of the type, and the possibility of industrial use is extremely high because the cost of gasification is low. .

A Separator
B Organic pyrolysis gas introduction pipe C1 Spiral pipe C2 Spiral pipe C3 Spiral pipe C4 Spiral pipe D1 First drain DD1 Backflow prevention valve D2 Second drain DD2 Backflow prevention valve D3 Third drain DD3 Backflow prevention valve D4 Fourth drain DD4 Backflow prevention Valve E Tar containment vessel F1 Organic pyrolysis gas introduction pipe F2 Reaction gas introduction pipe G Tar discharge drain GG1 Backflow prevention valve H Tar introduction pipe I Tar delivery pump J Tar injection nozzle K Gas reformer L Superheated steam generator M Gas reform Quality reactor N Nitrogen introduction pipe O Nitrogen removal device P Gas reforming reactor introduction pipe Q Cooling introduction pipe R Quenching device
S Blower T Reaction gas introduction pipe U Gas holder W Organic pyrolysis gas fuel conversion device

Claims (3)

A separator for introducing an organic pyrolysis gas discharged from an organic pyrolysis furnace and cooling it to separate a tar component and a gas component;
A nitrogen removing device for introducing a gas component separated by the separating device to remove nitrogen;
A gas reformer that introduces a gas component from which nitrogen has been removed by the nitrogen removing device, a tar component separated by the separation device, and superheated steam generated by a superheated steam generator to reform the gas into a clean, high-calorie gas. A gas reformer equipped with a quality reactor,
An organic pyrolysis gas fueling apparatus comprising: a quenching device that introduces a clean, high-calorie gas reformed by the gas reforming device to quench the gas.   The separation device is provided with a spiral pipe, a drain for removing tar is provided at a lowermost part of the spiral pipe, and a storage container for storing the tar discharged from the drain is provided, and stored in the storage container 2. The organic pyrolysis gas fueling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tar content is introduced into the gas reforming apparatus by a pump.   3. The organic pyrolysis gas fueling device according to claim 1, wherein the quenching device includes a spiral pipe and a blower.

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