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JP2013010682A - Carbon-containing refractory, and molten metal container - Google Patents

Carbon-containing refractory, and molten metal container Download PDF

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JP2013010682A
JP2013010682A JP2012046000A JP2012046000A JP2013010682A JP 2013010682 A JP2013010682 A JP 2013010682A JP 2012046000 A JP2012046000 A JP 2012046000A JP 2012046000 A JP2012046000 A JP 2012046000A JP 2013010682 A JP2013010682 A JP 2013010682A
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carbon
containing refractory
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graphite
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Yoko Miyamoto
陽子 宮本
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JFE Steel Corp
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Abstract

【課題】 耐熱衝撃性に優れ、かつ耐食性や強度の点でも優れ、各種溶融金属用容器の内張りレンガに好適な炭素含有耐火物を提供する。
【解決手段】 本発明の炭素含有耐火物は、炭素質原料と酸化物とを含む炭素含有耐火物において、下記の(1)式で定義される復元率Rが、40%以上150%以下である弾力性黒鉛を、前記炭素質原料のうちの少なくとも一部に含有し、かつ前記弾力性黒鉛の前記炭素含有耐火物に占める割合が1.5質量%以上であることを特徴とする。但し、(1)式において、h0は粉体試料を35MPaの圧力で一軸圧縮している間の圧縮方向の試料長さ(mm)、hrは粉体試料を35MPaの圧力で一軸圧縮後に圧力を除いた後の圧縮方向の試料長さ(mm)である。
復元率R(%)=100(hr/h0−1)…(1)
【選択図】 図1
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbon-containing refractory excellent in thermal shock resistance, excellent in corrosion resistance and strength, and suitable for lining bricks for various molten metal containers.
SOLUTION: The carbon-containing refractory according to the present invention is a carbon-containing refractory containing a carbonaceous raw material and an oxide. A certain elastic graphite is contained in at least a part of the carbonaceous raw material, and a ratio of the elastic graphite to the carbon-containing refractory is 1.5% by mass or more. However, in the formula (1), h 0 is the sample length (mm) in the compression direction while the powder sample is uniaxially compressed at a pressure of 35 MPa, and h r is after the uniaxial compression of the powder sample at a pressure of 35 MPa. It is the sample length (mm) in the compression direction after removing the pressure.
Restoration rate R (%) = 100 (h r / h 0 −1) (1)
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、混銑車、高炉鍋、転炉、溶鋼鍋、真空脱ガス炉などの各種溶融金属用容器の内張りレンガに好適な、耐熱衝撃性に優れた炭素含有耐火物及びこの炭素含有耐火物を内張りレンガとする溶融金属用容器に関する。   The present invention is a carbon-containing refractory excellent in thermal shock resistance and suitable for lining bricks of various molten metal containers such as kneading vehicles, blast furnace pans, converters, molten steel pans, vacuum degassing furnaces, and the like. It is related with the container for molten metal which uses as a lining brick.

各種黒鉛及びカーボンブラックなどの炭素質原料と酸化物などからなる複合耐火物である炭素含有耐火物は、酸化物系耐火物と比較して、スラグ浸潤による構造スポーリングを起こし難い、熱伝導率が高く耐熱衝撃性に優れる、強酸化性環境以外では耐食性に優れるなどの特徴を有している。これらの特徴から、各種炭素含有耐火物は、溶銑、溶鋼の各種精錬容器及び搬送容器(以下、これらを単に「溶融金属用容器」と称する)の内張りレンガや、連続鋳造用の浸漬ノズルやロングノズル、スライディングノズルプレートなどの各種機能性部材として幅広く使用されている。   Compared with oxide refractories, carbon-containing refractories, which are composite refractories composed of carbonaceous raw materials such as graphite and carbon black, and oxides, are less prone to structural spalling due to slag infiltration, and thermal conductivity. High thermal shock resistance, and excellent corrosion resistance in environments other than strongly oxidizing environments. Because of these characteristics, various carbon-containing refractories are used as lining bricks for hot metal, various steel refining containers and transport containers (hereinafter simply referred to as “molten metal containers”), continuous casting immersion nozzles and long Widely used as various functional members such as nozzles and sliding nozzle plates.

各種炭素含有耐火物中の炭素質原料の含有量は3〜25質量%程度の範囲で、内張りレンガや機能性部材に要求される耐熱衝撃性のレベルや共存する酸化物の特性、許容される炭素溶出量のレベルなどに応じて決められているのが現状である。一方、近年地球温暖化防止の観点から、製鉄業においても二酸化炭素の排出量を削減することが急務となっており、使用エネルギー総量を削減するために、各種高温プロセス装置に熱伝導率の低い耐火物を使用して放熱ロスを低減することが望まれている。溶融金属用容器の内張りレンガに使用される各種炭素含有耐火物においても、熱伝導率の高い炭素の含有量を低減することにより、熱伝導率を低減させることが望まれる。しかし炭素量を低減すると、熱伝導率の低下や弾性率の増大に伴って、一般的に耐熱衝撃性が低下することが問題となる。   The content of carbonaceous raw materials in various carbon-containing refractories is in the range of about 3 to 25% by mass, the level of thermal shock resistance required for lining bricks and functional members, and the characteristics of coexisting oxides are allowed. The current situation is determined according to the level of carbon elution. On the other hand, in recent years, from the viewpoint of preventing global warming, it has become an urgent task to reduce carbon dioxide emissions even in the steel industry. In order to reduce the total amount of energy used, various high-temperature process devices have low thermal conductivity. It is desired to use a refractory to reduce heat dissipation loss. Also in various refractory materials containing carbon used for lining bricks for molten metal containers, it is desired to reduce the thermal conductivity by reducing the content of carbon having a high thermal conductivity. However, when the amount of carbon is reduced, there is a problem that thermal shock resistance generally decreases with a decrease in thermal conductivity and an increase in elastic modulus.

そこで、炭素量を低減しつつ耐熱衝撃性を向上させることを目的として、特許文献1及び特許文献2には、炭素質原料として膨張黒鉛を使用した耐火物が提案されている。膨張黒鉛は、鱗状黒鉛を酸処理後に加熱して体積を50〜100倍膨張させ、これを粉砕して厚さ約10μm以下の超薄片にしたものであり、嵩密度が小さく可縮性に優れた炭素質原料である。これを炭素含有耐火物に配合して弾性率を低下することにより、酸化物粒子の大きな熱膨張を吸収させて耐熱衝撃性を向上することが可能である。   Therefore, for the purpose of improving the thermal shock resistance while reducing the amount of carbon, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 propose a refractory using expanded graphite as a carbonaceous raw material. Expanded graphite is obtained by heating scale-like graphite after acid treatment to expand the volume by 50 to 100 times, and pulverizing it into ultra-thin pieces having a thickness of about 10 μm or less. It is an excellent carbonaceous raw material. By blending this into a carbon-containing refractory and reducing the elastic modulus, it is possible to absorb the large thermal expansion of the oxide particles and improve the thermal shock resistance.

また、特許文献3には、マグネシアを90〜99質量%とカーボン原料1〜5質量%とを含み、前記カーボン原料中に圧力を加えるとC軸方向に10〜50%収縮し、圧力を解放すると原寸の90%以上まで復元する弾性力を有する人造黒鉛を0.5〜1質量%含む高耐用マグネシア・カーボンレンガが提案されている。   Patent Document 3 includes 90 to 99 mass% of magnesia and 1 to 5 mass% of carbon raw material. When pressure is applied to the carbon raw material, it contracts by 10 to 50% in the C-axis direction and releases the pressure. Then, a highly durable magnesia carbon brick containing 0.5 to 1% by mass of artificial graphite having an elastic force that restores to 90% or more of the original size is proposed.

特開昭62−100484号公報JP-A-62-100484 特開平8−81256号公報JP-A-8-81256 特開平8−295555号公報JP-A-8-295555

しかしながら上記従来技術には以下の問題点がある。   However, the above prior art has the following problems.

すなわち、特許文献1及び特許文献2では、膨張黒鉛の使用により耐熱衝撃性は改善されるが、組織の緻密性が悪くなるので強度や耐食性が低下するなどの問題がある。特に膨張黒鉛の配合量が大きくなるほど顕著となることから配合量を制限せざるを得ず、特性改善効果にも限界があった。   That is, in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, although the thermal shock resistance is improved by using expanded graphite, there is a problem that strength and corrosion resistance are lowered because the denseness of the structure is deteriorated. In particular, the larger the compounding amount of expanded graphite, the more remarkable it becomes, so the compounding amount has to be limited, and the effect of improving the characteristics is limited.

また、特許文献3では、弾性力を有する人造黒鉛の使用により、耐スラグ侵入性に優れ、構造スポーリングを起こし難く、二次精錬炉の内張りレンガとして耐久性が高く好適であるが、混銑車、高炉鍋、転炉、溶鋼鍋、真空脱ガス炉などにおいて、内張りレンガとして更に厳しい耐熱衝撃性が要求される場合には、特許文献3では十分に対応することができない。   Further, in Patent Document 3, by using artificial graphite having elasticity, it is excellent in slag penetration resistance, hardly causes structural spalling, and has high durability and is suitable as a lining brick for a secondary smelting furnace. In blast furnace pans, converters, molten steel pans, vacuum degassing furnaces, and the like, if stricter thermal shock resistance is required as a lining brick, Patent Document 3 cannot sufficiently cope with it.

更に、炭素含有耐火物中の酸化物粒子と、炭素質原料などからなるマトリックスとでは、熱膨張及び収縮の特性が異なることから、大きな温度変化に繰り返し曝されると熱膨張の大きい酸化物粒子の周囲に空隙が生じ、緻密な組織が緩んで耐食性に悪影響を及ぼすことが知られている。このような組織劣化は、耐火物の強度や疲労特性、耐熱衝撃性などにも悪影響を及ぼし、寿命を制約する要因の一つになると考えられている。製鋼プロセスで使用される内張りレンガや各種機能性部材は、一般的に大きな温度変化に繰り返し曝されるが、特に炭素量を低減した炭素含有耐火物の場合には、炭素の占める容積が減少することにより、熱膨張差による影響が一層顕著となり、繰り返し熱負荷による組織劣化が耐火物寿命に及ぼす悪影響も大きくなることが懸念される。膨張黒鉛を使用した場合にも、繰り返し熱負荷による組織劣化の問題は同様にあり、耐食性や強度、疲労特性を劣化させる要因となる。   Furthermore, since the oxide particles in the carbon-containing refractory and the matrix made of a carbonaceous raw material have different thermal expansion and contraction characteristics, the oxide particles have a large thermal expansion when repeatedly exposed to a large temperature change. It is known that voids are formed around the substrate, and the dense structure is loosened to adversely affect the corrosion resistance. Such structural deterioration is considered to have an adverse effect on the strength, fatigue characteristics, thermal shock resistance, and the like of the refractory and is one of the factors that limit the life. Lined bricks and various functional members used in the steelmaking process are generally repeatedly exposed to large temperature changes, but especially in the case of carbon-containing refractories with reduced carbon content, the volume occupied by carbon decreases. As a result, the influence of the difference in thermal expansion becomes more remarkable, and there is a concern that the structure deterioration due to repeated thermal loads will have a great adverse effect on the refractory life. Even when expanded graphite is used, the problem of structural deterioration due to repeated thermal loads is also the same, which causes deterioration of corrosion resistance, strength, and fatigue characteristics.

本発明は上記問題を解決するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、耐熱衝撃性に優れ、つまり繰り返し熱負荷を受けても組織劣化の影響が小さく耐久性に優れ、かつ、耐食性や強度の点でも優れ、混銑車、高炉鍋、転炉、溶鋼鍋、真空脱ガス炉などの各種溶融金属用容器の内張りレンガに好適な炭素含有耐火物を提供することであり、また、この炭素含有耐火物を各種製鋼プロセスへ適用することで、放熱によるエネルギーロスの低減を可能とする溶融金属容器を提供することである。   The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and the object thereof is excellent in thermal shock resistance, that is, it is less affected by structural deterioration even when subjected to repeated thermal loads, and has excellent durability and corrosion resistance. It is also excellent in terms of strength and strength, and is to provide a carbon-containing refractory suitable for lining bricks for various molten metal containers such as kneading cars, blast furnace pots, converters, molten steel pots, vacuum degassing furnaces, etc. The object of the present invention is to provide a molten metal container capable of reducing energy loss due to heat radiation by applying a carbon-containing refractory to various steelmaking processes.

本発明者は、炭素含有耐火物において、耐熱衝撃性を改善するための炭素質原料の特性について種々検討した結果、炭素質原料として弾力性黒鉛を使用することにより、緻密性を良好に維持しつつ耐熱衝撃性を向上させることが可能なことを見出した。ここで弾力性黒鉛とは、炭素素材に1900℃〜2700℃の高温処理を行って不純物を除去するとともに、黒鉛化を制御してミクロ構造を調整した高純度炭素質原料であり、圧縮変形後に除荷した際の復元性が大きいことが特徴である。   As a result of various investigations on the characteristics of carbonaceous raw materials for improving thermal shock resistance in carbon-containing refractories, the present inventors have maintained high compactness by using elastic graphite as the carbonaceous raw material. It was found that the thermal shock resistance can be improved. Here, the elastic graphite is a high-purity carbonaceous raw material in which a carbon material is subjected to high-temperature treatment at 1900 ° C. to 2700 ° C. to remove impurities and graphitization is controlled to adjust the microstructure. It is characterized by high resilience when unloaded.

本発明は、上記の弾力性黒鉛の特性に着目してなされたものであり、その要旨は以下のとおりである。
[1]炭素質原料と酸化物とを含む炭素含有耐火物において、下記の(1)式で定義される復元率Rが、40%以上150%以下である弾力性黒鉛を、前記炭素質原料のうちの少なくとも一部に含有し、かつ前記弾力性黒鉛の前記炭素含有耐火物に占める割合が1.5質量%以上であることを特徴とする炭素含有耐火物。
復元率R(%)=100(hr/h0−1)…(1)
但し、(1)式において、h0は粉体試料を35MPaの圧力で一軸圧縮している間の圧縮方向の試料長さ(mm)、hrは粉体試料を35MPaの圧力で一軸圧縮後に圧力を除いた後の圧縮方向の試料長さ(mm)である。
[2]前記弾力性黒鉛の全炭素質原料に占める割合が20質量%以上であることを特徴とする、上記[1]に記載の炭素含有耐火物。
[3]前記弾力性黒鉛の全炭素質原料に占める割合が50質量%以上であることを特徴とする、上記[2]に記載の炭素含有耐火物。
[4]前記炭素質原料の炭素含有耐火物中における含有量が3〜15質量%であることを特徴とする、上記[1]ないし上記[3]のいずれか1項に記載の炭素含有耐火物。
[5]前記酸化物が、マグネシア、アルミナ、ジルコニア、シリカ、ドロマイト、スピネル、ジルコン、アルミナ−シリカ質酸化物のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする、上記[1]ないし上記[4]のいずれか1項に記載の炭素含有耐火物。
[6]前記炭素含有耐火物は、更に、金属粉末、炭化物粉末、ガラス粉末のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする、上記[1]ないし上記[5]のいずれか1項に記載の炭素含有耐火物。
[7]上記[1]ないし上記[6]のいずれか1項に記載の炭素含有耐火物を内張りレンガとすることを特徴とする溶融金属用容器。
The present invention has been made by paying attention to the characteristics of the above-mentioned elastic graphite, and the gist thereof is as follows.
[1] In a carbon-containing refractory containing a carbonaceous raw material and an oxide, elastic graphite having a restoration rate R defined by the following formula (1) of 40% or more and 150% or less is used as the carbonaceous raw material. The carbon-containing refractory is characterized in that it is contained in at least a part of the carbon and the ratio of the elastic graphite to the carbon-containing refractory is 1.5% by mass or more.
Restoration rate R (%) = 100 (h r / h 0 −1) (1)
However, in the formula (1), h 0 is the sample length (mm) in the compression direction while the powder sample is uniaxially compressed at a pressure of 35 MPa, and h r is after the uniaxial compression of the powder sample at a pressure of 35 MPa. It is the sample length (mm) in the compression direction after removing the pressure.
[2] The carbon-containing refractory according to the above [1], wherein the ratio of the elastic graphite to the total carbonaceous raw material is 20% by mass or more.
[3] The carbon-containing refractory according to the above [2], wherein the ratio of the elastic graphite to the total carbonaceous raw material is 50% by mass or more.
[4] The carbon-containing refractory according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the content of the carbonaceous raw material in the carbon-containing refractory is 3 to 15% by mass. object.
[5] The oxide is one or a mixture of two or more selected from magnesia, alumina, zirconia, silica, dolomite, spinel, zircon, and alumina-siliceous oxide. The carbon-containing refractory according to any one of [1] to [4].
[6] The above [1] to [5], wherein the carbon-containing refractory further contains one or more of metal powder, carbide powder, and glass powder. The carbon-containing refractory according to item 1.
[7] A molten metal container characterized in that the carbon-containing refractory according to any one of [1] to [6] above is used as a lining brick.

本発明によれば、炭素含有耐火物の炭素質原料として弾力性黒鉛を使用するので、耐食性や強度を犠牲にすることなく耐熱衝撃性に優れた炭素含有耐火物を製造することができる。この炭素含有耐火物は繰り返し熱負荷を受けても組織劣化の影響が小さく、繰り返し温度変化のある使用環境下においても優れた耐久性を発現する。また、比較的少量の黒鉛添加で優れた耐熱衝撃性が得られることから、従来に比較して熱伝導率の低い炭素含有耐火物を作製することができる。この低熱伝導率の炭素含有耐火物を溶融金属用容器の内張りレンガに使用することで、炉壁や開口部からの放熱ロスが小さくなり、総エネルギー消費が低減されて粗鋼生産量当たりの二酸化炭素の排出量を削減することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, since elastic graphite is used as a carbonaceous raw material for a carbon-containing refractory, a carbon-containing refractory excellent in thermal shock resistance can be produced without sacrificing corrosion resistance and strength. This carbon-containing refractory is less affected by tissue deterioration even when subjected to repeated heat loads, and exhibits excellent durability even in a use environment with repeated temperature changes. In addition, since excellent thermal shock resistance can be obtained by adding a relatively small amount of graphite, it is possible to produce a carbon-containing refractory having a lower thermal conductivity than the conventional one. By using this low thermal conductivity carbon-containing refractory for the lining bricks of molten metal containers, the heat dissipation loss from the furnace walls and openings is reduced, the total energy consumption is reduced, and carbon dioxide per crude steel production is reduced. Can be reduced.

炭素質原料の復元率Rの測定方法を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the measuring method of the restoration rate R of a carbonaceous raw material.

以下、本発明について具体的に説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described.

本発明に係る炭素含有耐火物は、炭素質原料と酸化物とを含む炭素含有耐火物において、下記の(1)式で定義される復元率Rが、40%以上150%以下である弾力性黒鉛を、前記炭素質原料のうちの少なくとも一部に含有し、かつ前記弾力性黒鉛の前記炭素含有耐火物に占める割合が1.5質量%以上であることを特徴とする。
復元率R(%)=100(hr/h0−1)…(1)
但し、(1)式において、h0は粉体試料を35MPaの圧力で一軸圧縮している間の圧縮方向の試料長さ(mm)、hrは粉体試料を35MPaの圧力で一軸圧縮後に圧力を除いた後の圧縮方向の試料長さ(mm)である。
The carbon-containing refractory according to the present invention is a carbon-containing refractory containing a carbonaceous raw material and an oxide, and has a resilience rate R defined by the following formula (1) of 40% or more and 150% or less. Graphite is contained in at least a part of the carbonaceous raw material, and the ratio of the elastic graphite to the carbon-containing refractory is 1.5% by mass or more.
Restoration rate R (%) = 100 (h r / h 0 −1) (1)
However, in the formula (1), h 0 is the sample length (mm) in the compression direction while the powder sample is uniaxially compressed at a pressure of 35 MPa, and h r is after the uniaxial compression of the powder sample at a pressure of 35 MPa. It is the sample length (mm) in the compression direction after removing the pressure.

図1に、弾力性黒鉛あるいはその他の炭素質原料の復元率Rの測定方法を模式的に示す。円柱形の金型1に炭素質原料の粉体試料2を充填した後、ピストン3を下降して所定の一軸圧縮圧力4を掛け、ピストン3の移動ストロークを測定して所定の圧縮圧力4を掛けている間の試料高さh0を計算する。その後、ピストン3を上昇して圧縮圧力4を除いた後の試料高さhrを測定する。復元率Rは、圧縮圧力を掛けている間の試料高さh0と、圧縮圧力を除いた後の試料高さhrを用いて上記(1)式で定義される。 FIG. 1 schematically shows a method for measuring the restoration rate R of elastic graphite or other carbonaceous raw material. After filling the cylindrical mold 1 with the carbonaceous raw material powder sample 2, the piston 3 is lowered to apply a predetermined uniaxial compression pressure 4, the movement stroke of the piston 3 is measured, and the predetermined compression pressure 4 is applied. Calculate the sample height h 0 while applying. Then, measure the sample height h r after excluding the compression pressure 4 piston 3 rises. Recovery ratio R is the sample height h 0 of While multiplying the compression pressure is defined by the equation (1) using the sample height h r of after removal of the compression pressure.

35MPaの圧縮圧力を掛けた場合の復元率Rが40%以上かつ150%以下、望ましくは60%以上かつ100%以下、更に望ましくは60%以上90%以下、特に望ましくは60%以上80%以下の弾力性黒鉛を、炭素含有耐火物の炭素質原料に配合することで、炭素含有耐火物の耐熱衝撃性を効果的に向上させることができる。復元率Rが上記の範囲よりも小さいと耐熱衝撃性の改善効果が小さく、復元率Rが上記の範囲よりも大きいと弾力性黒鉛を多量に配合した場合のプレス成形性に問題を生じる場合がある。なお、従来使用されている各種炭素質原料の復元率Rについて一例を例示すると、最も広く使われている鱗状黒鉛では約8%、比較的復元性の高い人造黒鉛では25%程度、膨張黒鉛では18%程度である。   When a compression pressure of 35 MPa is applied, the recovery rate R is 40% to 150%, preferably 60% to 100%, more preferably 60% to 90%, and particularly preferably 60% to 80%. By adding this elastic graphite to the carbonaceous raw material of the carbon-containing refractory, the thermal shock resistance of the carbon-containing refractory can be effectively improved. If the restoration rate R is smaller than the above range, the effect of improving the thermal shock resistance is small, and if the restoration rate R is larger than the above range, there may be a problem in press formability when a large amount of elastic graphite is blended. is there. An example of the restoration rate R of various carbonaceous raw materials used in the past is about 8% for the most widely used scale-like graphite, about 25% for artificial graphite having a relatively high restoration property, and about about 25% for expanded graphite. About 18%.

前記弾力性黒鉛は、炭素含有耐火物に占めるその割合が1.5質量%以上であることが必要である。望ましくは、3〜15質量%の範囲内とすることが好ましい。1.5質量%未満では、耐熱衝撃性が向上する効果を得られない。また、3質量%以上であれば、高い耐熱衝撃性を安定して得ることができる。一方、15質量%以下であれば、炭素含有耐火物の熱伝導率が高くならず、かつ、プレス成形性に問題を生じることがない。   The ratio of the elastic graphite to the carbon-containing refractory is required to be 1.5% by mass or more. Desirably, it is preferable to be in the range of 3 to 15% by mass. If it is less than 1.5% by mass, the effect of improving the thermal shock resistance cannot be obtained. Moreover, if it is 3 mass% or more, high thermal shock resistance can be obtained stably. On the other hand, if it is 15 mass% or less, the thermal conductivity of the carbon-containing refractory does not increase, and there is no problem in press formability.

また、弾力性黒鉛を全炭素質原料の20質量%以上、望ましくは50質量%以上配合することにより、耐熱衝撃性の向上に効果がある。弾力性黒鉛の粒子形状は比較的アスペクト比が小さいことから、配合量を増しても膨張黒鉛を使用した場合に比べて充填性が良好で緻密な耐火物組織が得られるため、強度や耐食性も良好であり、混練、成型などの作業性も膨張黒鉛を使用した場合よりも格段に良好である。   In addition, blending elastic graphite with 20% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or more of the total carbonaceous raw material is effective in improving the thermal shock resistance. The particle shape of elastic graphite has a relatively small aspect ratio, so even if the blending amount is increased, the filling property is better and a dense refractory structure can be obtained than when expanded graphite is used. Workability such as kneading and molding is much better than when expanded graphite is used.

本発明において、炭素質原料とは、弾力性黒鉛、鱗状黒鉛、膨張黒鉛、それ以外の人造黒鉛などの黒鉛系炭素原料である。尚、加熱により縮合反応し炭素として炭素含有耐火物に含まれることになるフェノール樹脂などは炭素質原料には含まないものとする。   In the present invention, the carbonaceous raw material is a graphite-based carbon raw material such as elastic graphite, scaly graphite, expanded graphite, and other artificial graphite. In addition, the phenol resin etc. which will be included in a carbon containing refractory as a carbon through a condensation reaction shall not be included in a carbonaceous raw material.

耐熱衝撃性は、熱処理後の試料を電気炉で高温に加熱した後に水中急冷する操作を1回または複数回実施し、前後の動弾性率の変化を測定することで判定できる。前後の動弾性率の変化が小さいほど、耐熱衝撃性に優れると判定される。弾力性黒鉛を使用した場合には動弾性率の低下が小さい傾向であるが、特に加熱/急冷の繰り返し回数を増してもその影響が小さく、熱衝撃を繰り返し受けても組織劣化が比較的軽微であると考えられる。これは、弾力性黒鉛が膨張率の高い酸化物粒子の膨張を吸収するとともに、弾力性黒鉛の復元性が高いために組織の緩みが軽減されているものと考えられる。同様に繰り返し熱負荷を与えた場合にも組織の緩みが小さく、繰り返し熱負荷後の耐食性や強度の低下は比較的軽微なものとなる。   The thermal shock resistance can be determined by measuring the change in the dynamic modulus of elasticity before and after performing the operation of heating the sample after heat treatment to a high temperature in an electric furnace and then quenching in water one or more times. It is determined that the smaller the change in the front and back kinematic modulus, the better the thermal shock resistance. When elastic graphite is used, the decrease in dynamic elastic modulus tends to be small, but the effect is small even when the number of repeated heating / quenching is increased, and the tissue deterioration is relatively slight even when subjected to repeated thermal shocks. It is thought that. This is considered that elastic graphite absorbs the expansion of oxide particles having a high expansion coefficient, and that the looseness of the structure is reduced due to the high resilience of elastic graphite. Similarly, when the thermal load is repeatedly applied, the looseness of the tissue is small, and the corrosion resistance and strength decrease after the repeated thermal load are relatively slight.

このような特性は、熱伝導率を低減するなどを目的として、炭素質原料の含有量を3〜15質量%に低減した炭素含有耐火物において特に有効であり、課題であった耐熱衝撃性の低下や、繰り返し熱負荷後の組織劣化による耐食性などの低下を補うことができる。また炭素質原料含有量が15質量%以下の範囲では、炭素質原料に占める弾力性黒鉛の質量比率が高くても良好な成形性を保つことができる。弾力性黒鉛の含有量が3質量%以上であれば、良好な耐熱衝撃性が得られるとともに、黒鉛自体の特性によるスラグ浸潤を抑制する効果が得られる。   Such a characteristic is particularly effective in a carbon-containing refractory in which the content of the carbonaceous raw material is reduced to 3 to 15% by mass for the purpose of reducing the thermal conductivity and the thermal shock resistance which has been a problem. It is possible to compensate for the decrease in the corrosion resistance due to the decrease or the structure deterioration after repeated heat load. Moreover, when the carbonaceous raw material content is in the range of 15% by mass or less, good moldability can be maintained even if the mass ratio of the elastic graphite to the carbonaceous raw material is high. When the content of the elastic graphite is 3% by mass or more, good thermal shock resistance is obtained, and an effect of suppressing slag infiltration due to the characteristics of the graphite itself is obtained.

炭素含有耐火物中の酸化物原料としては、マグネシア、アルミナ、ジルコニア、シリカ、ドロマイト、スピネル、ジルコン、アルミナ−シリカ質酸化物のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上の混合物を使用することができ、いずれの場合においても、本発明は有効であるが、熱膨張率の高いマグネシアの配合率が高い場合には特に効果が高い。また、炭素の酸化防止のために一般的に配合されるSiC、B4Cなどの炭化物粉末や、Al、Siなどの金属粉末、あるいはNa及び/またはKを含むガラスなどのガラス粉末を耐火物の用途に応じて、これら金属粉末、炭化物粉末、ガラス粉末のうちの1種または2種以上を配合することは、本発明の炭素含有耐火物においても有効である。 As an oxide raw material in a carbon-containing refractory, it is possible to use one or a mixture of two or more selected from magnesia, alumina, zirconia, silica, dolomite, spinel, zircon, and alumina-siliceous oxide. In any case, the present invention is effective, but the effect is particularly high when the mixing ratio of magnesia having a high coefficient of thermal expansion is high. In addition, carbide powders such as SiC and B 4 C that are generally blended to prevent oxidation of carbon, metal powders such as Al and Si, or glass powders such as glass containing Na and / or K are used as refractories. Depending on the application, it is also effective in the carbon-containing refractory of the present invention to blend one or more of these metal powders, carbide powders, and glass powders.

耐熱衝撃性を従来品と同等としつつ炭素含有量を低減して低熱伝導率とした、本発明に係る炭素含有耐火物からなるレンガを、混銑車、高炉鍋、転炉、溶鋼鍋、真空脱ガス炉などの各種溶融金属用容器の内張りレンガとして使用することにより、放熱によるエネルギーロスを低減することが可能となる。内張りレンガは一般に永久張りレンガよりもかなり大きな厚みとなっているため、熱伝導率を低減すると、溶融金属用容器鉄皮への伝導伝熱の熱抵抗を増大する効果が大きくなる。また、高炉鍋のように相対的に開口部の大きい容器では、空鍋時に内張りレンガ表面から輻射によって外部に逃げる熱量も大きくなるが、内張りレンガの熱伝導率を低減することで、開口部からの輻射による放熱ロスを低減する効果も大きくなる。   Brick made of carbon-containing refractory according to the present invention, which has low thermal conductivity by reducing the carbon content while maintaining the same thermal shock resistance as conventional products, kneading cars, blast furnace pans, converters, molten steel pans, vacuum evacuation By using it as a lining brick for various molten metal containers such as gas furnaces, energy loss due to heat radiation can be reduced. Since the lining brick is generally much thicker than the permanent brick, reducing the thermal conductivity increases the effect of increasing the thermal resistance of conduction heat transfer to the molten metal container skin. In addition, in a container with a relatively large opening such as a blast furnace pan, the amount of heat that escapes from the surface of the lining brick to the outside by radiation when the pan is empty increases, but by reducing the thermal conductivity of the lining brick, The effect of reducing the heat dissipation loss due to the radiation is also increased.

また、連続鋳造用の浸漬ノズルやロングノズル、スライディングノズルプレートなどの耐熱衝撃性を要求される各種機能性部材に本発明の炭素含有耐火物を適用することも有効であり、使用回数の増加によるコスト低減や、スポーリングによるトラブルを防止して鉄鋼製品のコスト低減及び安定生産に寄与することができる。   It is also effective to apply the carbon-containing refractory of the present invention to various functional members that require thermal shock resistance such as immersion nozzles for continuous casting, long nozzles, sliding nozzle plates, etc. It can contribute to cost reduction and stable production of steel products by reducing costs and troubles due to spalling.

このように、本発明によれば、炭素含有耐火物の炭素質原料として弾力性黒鉛を使用するので、耐食性や強度を犠牲にすることなく耐熱衝撃性に優れた炭素含有耐火物を製造することが実現される。   Thus, according to the present invention, since elastic graphite is used as a carbonaceous raw material for carbon-containing refractories, a carbon-containing refractory excellent in thermal shock resistance can be produced without sacrificing corrosion resistance or strength. Is realized.

本発明をAl23−SiC−Cレンガに適用した。弾力性黒鉛としては、工業用原料として入手した35MPaの圧縮圧力に対する復元率Rが約75%、見掛け比重が約1.6g/cc、粒度が1−0.125mmの粉状製品を用いた。電融アルミナ、炭化珪素、弾力性黒鉛、鱗状黒鉛、膨張黒鉛及びフェノール樹脂を、表1に示す配合で混練し、並型(65mm×114mm×230mm)にプレス成形した後、200℃にて10時間熱処理して硬化させ、レンガ試料を作製した。 The present invention is applied to Al 2 O 3 -SiC-C brick. As the elastic graphite, a powdery product obtained as an industrial raw material having a restoration rate R of about 75% with respect to a compression pressure of 35 MPa, an apparent specific gravity of about 1.6 g / cc, and a particle size of 1 to 0.125 mm was used. Electrofused alumina, silicon carbide, elastic graphite, scaly graphite, expanded graphite, and phenol resin were kneaded with the formulation shown in Table 1, press-molded into a parallel mold (65 mm × 114 mm × 230 mm), and then 10 ° C. at 200 ° C. A brick sample was produced by heat treatment for a period of time and curing.

Figure 2013010682
Figure 2013010682

各条件で作製したレンガ試料から30mm×30mm×30mmのサンプルを切り出し、コークスブリーズ中で1000℃で3時間の熱処理を実施した後、900℃にて熱間圧縮試験による静弾性率を測定した。強度及び熱伝導率が同等の同系統の材質では、定性的に静弾性率が低い方が耐熱衝撃性は高い傾向となる。   A 30 mm × 30 mm × 30 mm sample was cut out from the brick sample produced under each condition, and after heat treatment at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours in a coke breeze, the static elastic modulus was measured at 900 ° C. by a hot compression test. In the same type of material having the same strength and thermal conductivity, the thermal shock resistance tends to be higher when the static elastic modulus is qualitatively lower.

また、40mm×40mm×160mm及び50mm×50mm×50mmのサンプルを切り出し、コークスブリーズ中で1400℃で3時間の熱処理を施した後、40mm×40mm×160mmのサンプルでは、JIS R2205−1992「耐火レンガの見掛け気孔率・吸水率・比重測定方法」の真空法に準じて見掛け気孔率を測定し、50mm×50mm×50mmのサンプルでは、JIS R2206−2「耐火レンガの圧縮強さの試験方法」に準じて圧縮強度を測定した。同じ材料を成形した耐火物では、見掛け気孔率が大きい方が耐食性は劣る傾向となる。   In addition, samples of 40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm and 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm were cut out and subjected to heat treatment at 1400 ° C. for 3 hours in coke breeze, and then the sample of 40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm was JIS R2205-1992 “Refractory brick” The apparent porosity is measured according to the vacuum method of “Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption Rate, and Specific Gravity Measurement Method”, and in the 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm sample, it is in accordance with JIS R2206-2 “Test method for compressive strength of refractory bricks”. The compressive strength was measured accordingly. In a refractory molded from the same material, the corrosion resistance tends to be inferior as the apparent porosity increases.

見掛け気孔率測定後のサンプルを乾燥して動弾性率を測定した後、アルゴンガスを5NL/分流しつつ1200℃に加熱した電気炉内で30分間保持してから水中急冷し、乾燥後に動弾性率を測定して、水中急冷前後の動弾性率比(水中急冷後の動弾性率×100/水中急冷前の動弾性率)を求め、スポーリング指数とした。スポーリング指数が大きいほど耐熱衝撃性は良好となる傾向である。   After the apparent porosity measurement, the sample was dried and the kinematic elastic modulus was measured. Then, the sample was held in an electric furnace heated to 1200 ° C. while flowing argon gas at 5 NL / min for 30 minutes, and then rapidly cooled in water. The rate was measured to determine the ratio of dynamic elastic modulus before and after quenching in water (dynamic elastic modulus after quenching in water x 100 / dynamic elastic modulus before quenching in water) and used as the spalling index. The larger the Spalling index, the better the thermal shock resistance.

また、並型レンガを65mm×114mm×112mmの2個に切断した後、コークスブリーズ中で1000℃で3時間の熱処理を施した試料を用いて、室温下で熱線法により熱伝導率を測定した。   Moreover, after cutting a parallel brick into two pieces of 65 mm × 114 mm × 112 mm, the thermal conductivity was measured by a hot wire method at room temperature using a sample subjected to a heat treatment at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours in a coke breeze. .

レンガ試料の耐食性は、回転ドラム侵食法によりスラグ侵食指数を求めて評価した。すなわち、表1に示した各レンガ試料から台形断面の柱状試料を切り出した後、コークスブリーズ中で1400℃で3時間の熱処理を施したものを回転ドラム炉の内壁に張り分け、ドラム炉を回転させながら、プロパンバーナーで酸素:プロパン=4:1の気体体積流量比の火炎を吹き込んで1500℃に加熱し、塩基度(CaO質量/SiO2質量)=1.5、T.Fe濃度=10質量%のスラグを侵食剤として用い、この侵食剤による損耗量を測定した。30分毎にスラグを交換して、合計5回のスラグ投入による損耗量を、柱状試料の中央縦断面で測定される侵食面積で評価し、比較例2における侵食面積を100とする指数(「スラグ侵食指数」と言う)で表した。スラグ侵食指数が大きいほど耐食性は劣ることを示している。なお、T.Feとはスラグ中の全ての鉄酸化物中の鉄分である。各試験結果を表1に併せて示す。 The corrosion resistance of the brick samples was evaluated by obtaining the slag erosion index by the rotating drum erosion method. That is, after cutting a columnar sample with a trapezoidal cross section from each brick sample shown in Table 1, the heat treated in a coke breeze at 1400 ° C. for 3 hours is spread on the inner wall of the rotary drum furnace, and the drum furnace is rotated. Then, a flame with a gas volume flow ratio of oxygen: propane = 4: 1 was blown with a propane burner and heated to 1500 ° C., basicity (CaO mass / SiO 2 mass) = 1.5, T.Fe concentration = 10 A mass% of slag was used as an erodant, and the amount of wear by this erodant was measured. The slag was changed every 30 minutes, and the amount of wear due to the slag injection 5 times in total was evaluated by the erosion area measured at the central longitudinal section of the columnar sample. "Slag erosion index"). The larger the slag erosion index, the lower the corrosion resistance. T.Fe is iron in all iron oxides in slag. The test results are also shown in Table 1.

本発明例1は、弾力性黒鉛を同質量の膨張黒鉛で置き換えた比較例1と比較して、低気孔率で耐食性が良好であり、900℃静弾性率とスポーリング指数とから判定すると、同程度以上の耐熱衝撃性を有していると評価される。また、圧縮強度も比較例1の30MPaに対し、本発明例1は60MPaと大きい。本発明例2〜4は、弾力性黒鉛及び全炭素質原料が10質量%以下であるにもかかわらず、鱗状黒鉛が15質量%の比較例2と比較して同等以上の耐熱衝撃性を有し、圧縮強度も優れていると評価される。また、本発明例5は弾力性黒鉛が15質量%であるにもかかわらず、鱗状黒鉛が20質量%の比較例3と比較して同等以上の耐熱衝撃性を有し、圧縮強度も優れていると評価される。   Inventive Example 1 has a low porosity and good corrosion resistance as compared with Comparative Example 1 in which elastic graphite is replaced with expanded graphite of the same mass, and judging from the 900 ° C. static elastic modulus and the Spalling index, It is evaluated that it has a thermal shock resistance of the same level or higher. The compressive strength is 30 MPa of Comparative Example 1 and the invention example 1 is as large as 60 MPa. Inventive Examples 2 to 4 have a thermal shock resistance equal to or higher than that of Comparative Example 2 in which scaly graphite is 15% by mass, although the elastic graphite and the total carbonaceous raw material are 10% by mass or less. And it is evaluated that the compressive strength is also excellent. In addition, although Example 5 of the present invention has 15% by mass of elastic graphite, it has a thermal shock resistance equal to or higher than that of Comparative Example 3 in which scaly graphite is 20% by mass and has excellent compressive strength. It is evaluated that

全炭素質原料の含有量が同一である、本発明例5と比較例2、あるいは、本発明例2と比較例4とを比較すると、本発明例5及び本発明例2は、鱗状黒鉛を用いた比較例2及び比較例4に比べて、全炭素質原料の含有量が同一であるにもかかわらず、より優れた耐熱衝撃性が得られている。また、耐熱衝撃性が同等である、本発明例2〜4と比較例2、あるいは、本発明例5と比較例3との比較から、本発明例2〜4及び本発明例5では、鱗状黒鉛を使用した場合に比べて少ない全炭素質原料の配合量で同等の耐熱衝撃性を得ることができ、つまり、同等の耐熱衝撃性を得るために必要な全炭素質原料の含有量を少なくすることができ、これにより低熱伝導率となることから、耐久性を犠牲にせずに熱伝導率を低減可能であると言える。   When the present invention example 5 and the comparative example 2 or the present invention example 2 and the comparative example 4 are compared with each other, the present invention example 5 and the present invention example 2 are different from each other. Compared to Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 used, even though the content of all carbonaceous materials is the same, better thermal shock resistance is obtained. In addition, from the comparison between Invention Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Example 2 or Invention Example 5 and Comparative Example 3 having the same thermal shock resistance, the invention Examples 2 to 4 and Invention Example 5 are scale-like. Compared to the case of using graphite, it is possible to obtain the same thermal shock resistance with a smaller amount of total carbonaceous raw material, that is, less content of the total carbonaceous raw material required to obtain the same thermal shock resistance. Therefore, it can be said that the thermal conductivity can be reduced without sacrificing the durability because the thermal conductivity becomes low.

弾力性黒鉛の全炭素質原料に占める比率を20質量%とした本発明例6では、全炭素質原料の含有量が10質量%であるにもかかわらず、鱗状黒鉛が15質量%の比較例2に近い耐熱衝撃性であり、圧縮強度は比較例2より優れることから、弾力性黒鉛の全炭素質原料に占める割合が20質量%でも耐熱衝撃性並びに強度の改善効果は顕著と言える。   In Example 6 of the present invention in which the ratio of the elastic graphite to the total carbonaceous raw material was 20% by mass, the comparative example in which the scaly graphite was 15% by mass despite the total carbonaceous raw material content being 10% by mass. Since the thermal shock resistance is close to 2, and the compressive strength is superior to that of Comparative Example 2, even if the proportion of the elastic graphite in the total carbonaceous raw material is 20% by mass, the thermal shock resistance and strength improvement effects are remarkable.

また、比較例5では、弾力性黒鉛が本発明の範囲よりも少ない1質量%であるので、全炭素量が5質量%であるにもかかわらず、本発明例1の弾力性黒鉛3質量%のときと比較して900℃静弾性率が大きく、スポーリング指数も小さく、耐熱衝撃性が劣る。   Further, in Comparative Example 5, the elastic graphite is 1% by mass, which is less than the range of the present invention. Therefore, despite the total amount of carbon being 5% by mass, the elastic graphite of Example 1 of the present invention is 3% by mass. Compared with the case of, the 900 degreeC static elastic modulus is large, a spalling index is small, and a thermal shock resistance is inferior.

表2に、本発明をMgO−Cレンガに適用した場合の本発明例及び比較例を示す。本実施例では、弾力性黒鉛として、工業用原料として入手した、見掛け比重が約1.6g/cc、粒度が1−0.125mmであり、35MPaの圧縮圧力に対する復元率Rが約35%、40%、60%、75%、80%、90%、100%、150%、155%である9種類の粉状製品を用いた。使用した弾力性黒鉛及び原料配合以外、サンプル作製方法及び特性の評価方法は、回転ドラム侵食法の試験条件を除いて、実施例1のAl23−SiC−Cレンガの場合と同様である。本実施例における回転ドラム侵食法では、試験温度を1750℃、スラグ組成を塩基度(CaO質量/SiO2質量)=3.5、T.Fe濃度=20質量%として、比較例12における侵食面積を100として評価した。 Table 2 shows examples of the present invention and comparative examples when the present invention is applied to MgO-C bricks. In this example, the elastic graphite obtained as an industrial raw material has an apparent specific gravity of about 1.6 g / cc, a particle size of 1-0.125 mm, and a recovery rate R with respect to a compression pressure of 35 MPa is about 35%. Nine types of powdered products of 40%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 150%, and 155% were used. Except for the elastic graphite and raw material used, the sample preparation method and the property evaluation method are the same as in the case of the Al 2 O 3 —SiC—C brick of Example 1 except for the test conditions of the rotating drum erosion method. . In the rotating drum erosion method in this example, the test temperature was 1750 ° C., the slag composition was basicity (CaO mass / SiO 2 mass) = 3.5, and the T.Fe concentration was 20 mass%. Was evaluated as 100.

Figure 2013010682
Figure 2013010682

本発明例11は、弾力性黒鉛を同質量の膨張黒鉛で置き換えた比較例11と比較して、低気孔率で耐食性が良好であり、900℃静弾性率とスポーリング指数とから判定して、同程度の耐熱衝撃性を有していると評価される。また、圧縮強度も比較例11の44MPaに対し、本発明例11は60MPaと大きい。本発明例12、13は、弾力性黒鉛が10質量%以下で、かつ全炭素質原料が10質量%以下であるにもかかわらず、鱗状黒鉛が15質量%の比較例12と比較して同等の耐熱衝撃性を有し、圧縮強度も優れていると評価される。また、本発明例14、15は、全炭素質原料が15質量%であるにもかかわらず、鱗状黒鉛が20質量%の比較例13と比較して同等以上の耐熱衝撃性を有し、圧縮強度も優れていると評価される。   Invention Example 11 has a low porosity and good corrosion resistance as compared with Comparative Example 11 in which elastic graphite is replaced with expanded graphite of the same mass, and is determined from the 900 ° C. static elastic modulus and the Spalling index. It is evaluated that it has the same degree of thermal shock resistance. Further, the compressive strength is 44 MPa of Comparative Example 11 and the Inventive Example 11 is as large as 60 MPa. Invention Examples 12 and 13 are equivalent to Comparative Example 12 in which the scale-like graphite is 15% by mass, although the elastic graphite is 10% by mass or less and the total carbonaceous raw material is 10% by mass or less. It is evaluated as having excellent thermal shock resistance and excellent compressive strength. Inventive Examples 14 and 15 have a thermal shock resistance equal to or higher than that of Comparative Example 13 in which the scaly graphite is 20% by mass, even though the total carbonaceous raw material is 15% by mass. It is evaluated that the strength is excellent.

全炭素質原料の含有量が同一である、本発明例14、15と比較例12、あるいは、本発明例12と比較例14、あるいは、本発明例16と比較例13とを比較すると、本発明例14、15、あるいは本発明例12、あるいは本発明例16は、鱗状黒鉛を用いた比較例12あるいは比較例14あるいは比較例13に比べて、全炭素質原料の含有量が同等であるにもかかわらず、より優れた耐熱衝撃性が得られている。また、耐熱衝撃性が同等である、本発明例12、13と比較例12、あるいは、本発明例14、15と比較例13との比較より、本発明例12、13及び本発明例14、15では同等の耐熱衝撃性を得るのに必要な全炭素質原料含有量が少なく、低熱伝導率となっていることから、耐久性を犠牲にせずに熱伝導率を低減可能であると言える。   The present invention examples 14 and 15 and comparative example 12, or the present invention example 12 and comparative example 14, or the present invention example 16 and comparative example 13 having the same total carbonaceous raw material content, Invention Examples 14 and 15 or Invention Example 12 or Invention Example 16 have the same total carbonaceous material content as Comparative Example 12 or Comparative Example 14 or Comparative Example 13 using scaly graphite. Nevertheless, better thermal shock resistance is obtained. In addition, the inventive examples 12 and 13 and the comparative example 12, or the inventive examples 14 and 15 and the comparative example 13, which are equivalent in thermal shock resistance, are compared with the inventive examples 12 and 13 and the inventive example 14, In No. 15, since the total carbonaceous raw material content necessary for obtaining equivalent thermal shock resistance is low and the thermal conductivity is low, it can be said that the thermal conductivity can be reduced without sacrificing durability.

弾力性黒鉛の全炭素質原料に占める質量比率を20%とした本発明例13では、全炭素質原料の含有量が10質量%であるにもかかわらず、鱗状黒鉛が15質量%の比較例12に近い耐熱衝撃性となり、圧縮強度は比較例2より優れていることから、弾力性黒鉛の全炭素質原料に占める割合が20質量%でも耐熱衝撃性並びに強度の改善効果は顕著と言える。   In Example 13 of the present invention in which the mass ratio of the elastic graphite to the total carbonaceous raw material was 20%, a comparative example in which the scaly graphite was 15 mass% in spite of the total carbonaceous raw material content being 10 mass%. Since the thermal shock resistance is close to 12, and the compressive strength is superior to that of Comparative Example 2, even if the ratio of the elastic graphite to the total carbonaceous raw material is 20% by mass, the thermal shock resistance and strength improvement effects are remarkable.

本発明例17、18では復元率Rが90%の弾力性黒鉛を用い、本発明例19、20では復元率Rが60%の弾力性黒鉛を用いた。   In inventive examples 17 and 18, elastic graphite having a restoration rate R of 90% was used, and in inventive examples 19 and 20, elastic graphite having a restoration rate R of 60% was used.

本発明例17及び本発明例19は、本発明例13に比較して、全炭素質原料の含有量を同一として弾力性黒鉛の配合量を増加させたものであり、弾力性黒鉛の配合量を増加させることで、全炭素質原料の含有量が同一であっても耐熱衝撃性が更に向上することがわかる。   Inventive Example 17 and Inventive Example 19 are obtained by increasing the blending amount of elastic graphite with the same content of all carbonaceous raw materials as compared with Inventive Example 13, and the blending amount of elastic graphite. It can be seen that the thermal shock resistance is further improved by increasing the content even if the total carbonaceous raw material content is the same.

本発明例16、本発明例18及び本発明例20は、全炭素質原料の含有量を20質量%としており、900℃静弾性率及びスポーリング指数から判定して高い耐熱衝撃性が得られることがわかる。特に、全炭素質原料に占める質量比率を100%とした本発明例16では高い耐熱衝撃性が得られている。但し、全炭素質原料の含有量を20質量%まで高めることで、熱伝導率が上昇して耐食性は若干低下する。   Inventive Example 16, Inventive Example 18 and Inventive Example 20 have a total carbonaceous raw material content of 20% by mass, and high thermal shock resistance is obtained as judged from the 900 ° C. static elastic modulus and the Spalling index. I understand that. In particular, in Example 16 of the present invention in which the mass ratio of the total carbonaceous raw material is 100%, high thermal shock resistance is obtained. However, by increasing the content of the total carbonaceous raw material to 20% by mass, the thermal conductivity increases and the corrosion resistance slightly decreases.

また、本発明例21〜26では、それぞれ復元率Rが40%〜150%の弾力性黒鉛を用いた。本発明例21〜26では、全炭素質原料の含有量及び弾力性黒鉛の含有量を同一としたが、復元率Rが60〜90%の弾力性黒鉛を使用した本発明例22、23、24はスポーリング指数が高く、特に高い熱衝撃性が得られている。   In Examples 21 to 26 of the present invention, elastic graphite having a restoration rate R of 40% to 150% was used. In Inventive Examples 21 to 26, the content of all carbonaceous raw materials and the content of elastic graphite were the same, but Inventive Examples 22, 23 using elastic graphite having a restoration rate R of 60 to 90%, No. 24 has a high spalling index, and particularly high thermal shock properties are obtained.

比較例15は、弾力性黒鉛を含有するものの、弾力性黒鉛の配合量が1質量%であり、本発明例11と比較して全炭素質原料の含有量は多いものの、本発明例11よりも熱伝導率が高く耐食性に劣り、更に、900℃静弾性率及びスポーリング指数から判定して耐熱衝撃性も劣り、圧縮強度も劣ることがわかる。   Although Comparative Example 15 contains elastic graphite, the compounding amount of elastic graphite is 1% by mass, and although the content of the total carbonaceous raw material is larger than that of Inventive Example 11, it is more than Inventive Example 11. Further, it is understood that the thermal conductivity is high and the corrosion resistance is inferior, and further, the thermal shock resistance is inferior and the compressive strength is inferior as judged from the 900 ° C. static elastic modulus and the Spalling index.

比較例16は、弾力性黒鉛を含有するものの、用いた弾力性黒鉛の復元率Rが本願発明の範囲外となる35%であり、本発明例11よりも耐熱衝撃性が劣ることがわかる。更に、比較例17は、弾力性黒鉛を含有するものの、用いた弾力性黒鉛の復元率Rが本願発明の範囲外となる155%であり、プレス成形ができず、レンガ試料を作製することができなかった。   Although Comparative Example 16 contains elastic graphite, the recovery rate R of the used elastic graphite is 35%, which falls outside the scope of the present invention, and it can be seen that the thermal shock resistance is inferior to that of Inventive Example 11. Furthermore, although the comparative example 17 contains elastic graphite, the restoration rate R of the used elastic graphite is 155% which falls outside the scope of the present invention, and press molding cannot be performed, and a brick sample can be produced. could not.

溶銑容量200トンの高炉鍋の内張りレンガとして、従来使用していた実施例1に示す比較例3の材質のレンガに代えて、実施例1に示す本発明例2の材質のレンガを使用した。高炉で溶銑を受銑し、脱珪、脱硫の溶銑予備処理を行った後、製鋼工場で溶銑を払い出す一連の工程を、1鍋当たり1日に平均2.8回実施した。側壁部のレンガ厚みは150〜180mmで、スラグライン部の溶損や銑浴部のスポーリングによる損傷でレンガ残厚が小さくなって内張りレンガが脱落すると、内張りレンガを全て交換する修理を行っている。   As the lining brick of the blast furnace pan having a hot metal capacity of 200 tons, the brick of the material of the present invention example 2 shown in the example 1 was used instead of the brick of the comparative example 3 shown in the conventionally used example 1. After receiving hot metal in a blast furnace and performing hot metal pretreatment for desiliconization and desulfurization, a series of steps of discharging hot metal at a steelmaking factory was carried out on average 2.8 times per day per pan. If the brick thickness of the side wall is 150-180mm, and the remaining brick thickness decreases due to damage caused by melting of the slag line part or spalling of the bathing area, and the lining brick falls off, repair is performed to replace all the lining bricks. Yes.

修理までの鍋の受銑回数は、従来は平均280回であったが、本発明例2の材質のレンガを使用した鍋では340回と寿命が向上し、銑浴部のスポーリングは観察されなかった。また高炉出銑から製鋼工場での溶銑払い出しまでの溶銑温度降下量を比較すると、本発明例2のレンガを使用した高炉鍋では溶銑温度降下量が平均約8℃減少した。   The average number of pots received until repair was 280 times on average, but the life of the pots using the brick made of the material of the present invention example 2 was improved to 340 times, and spalling in the bathing area was observed. There wasn't. Moreover, when comparing the hot metal temperature drop from the blast furnace discharge to the hot metal discharge at the steelmaking factory, the hot metal temperature drop decreased by about 8 ° C. on average in the blast furnace pan using the brick of Example 2 of the present invention.

本発明に係るレンガを全ての高炉鍋に使用すれば、転炉に装入する溶銑温度が上昇することから、転炉での鉄スクラップあるいは鉄鉱石の使用量が増大し、単位溶銑量当たりの溶鋼生産量が増大する。従って、粗鋼生産量当たりで言えば、高炉での二酸化炭素排出量が低減されることになる。   If the brick according to the present invention is used for all the blast furnace pans, the hot metal temperature charged in the converter increases, so the amount of iron scrap or iron ore used in the converter increases, Molten steel production increases. Therefore, in terms of crude steel production, carbon dioxide emissions in the blast furnace will be reduced.

1 金型
2 粉体炭素質原料
3 ピストン
4 圧縮圧力
1 Mold 2 Powdered carbonaceous material 3 Piston 4 Compression pressure

Claims (7)

炭素質原料と酸化物とを含む炭素含有耐火物において、下記の(1)式で定義される復元率Rが、40%以上150%以下である弾力性黒鉛を、前記炭素質原料のうちの少なくとも一部に含有し、かつ前記弾力性黒鉛の前記炭素含有耐火物に占める割合が1.5質量%以上であることを特徴とする炭素含有耐火物。
復元率R(%)=100(hr/h0−1)…(1)
但し、(1)式において、h0は粉体試料を35MPaの圧力で一軸圧縮している間の圧縮方向の試料長さ(mm)、hrは粉体試料を35MPaの圧力で一軸圧縮後に圧力を除いた後の圧縮方向の試料長さ(mm)である。
In a carbon-containing refractory containing a carbonaceous raw material and an oxide, elastic graphite having a restoration rate R defined by the following formula (1) of 40% or more and 150% or less is selected from the carbonaceous raw materials A carbon-containing refractory, characterized in that it is contained at least in part and a ratio of the elastic graphite to the carbon-containing refractory is 1.5% by mass or more.
Restoration rate R (%) = 100 (h r / h 0 −1) (1)
However, in the formula (1), h 0 is the sample length (mm) in the compression direction while the powder sample is uniaxially compressed at a pressure of 35 MPa, and h r is after the uniaxial compression of the powder sample at a pressure of 35 MPa. It is the sample length (mm) in the compression direction after removing the pressure.
前記弾力性黒鉛の全炭素質原料に占める割合が20質量%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の炭素含有耐火物。   2. The carbon-containing refractory according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the elastic graphite to the total carbonaceous raw material is 20% by mass or more. 前記弾力性黒鉛の全炭素質原料に占める割合が50質量%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の炭素含有耐火物。   The carbon-containing refractory according to claim 2, wherein a ratio of the elastic graphite to the total carbonaceous raw material is 50% by mass or more. 前記炭素質原料の炭素含有耐火物中における含有量が3〜15質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の炭素含有耐火物。   The carbon-containing refractory according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a content of the carbonaceous raw material in the carbon-containing refractory is 3 to 15% by mass. 前記酸化物が、マグネシア、アルミナ、ジルコニア、シリカ、ドロマイト、スピネル、ジルコン、アルミナ−シリカ質酸化物のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の炭素含有耐火物。   The oxide is one or a mixture of two or more selected from magnesia, alumina, zirconia, silica, dolomite, spinel, zircon, and alumina-siliceous oxide. The carbon-containing refractory according to claim 4. 前記炭素含有耐火物は、更に、金属粉末、炭化物粉末、ガラス粉末のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の炭素含有耐火物。   6. The carbon-containing refractory according to claim 1, wherein the carbon-containing refractory further contains one or more of a metal powder, a carbide powder, and a glass powder. Carbon-containing refractory. 前記請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の炭素含有耐火物を内張りレンガとすることを特徴とする溶融金属用容器。   A container for molten metal, wherein the carbon-containing refractory according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used as a lining brick.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025146742A1 (en) * 2024-01-04 2025-07-10 Jfeスチール株式会社 Shaped refractory, method for producing shaped refractory, method for constructing shaped refractory, and lining structure for electric furnace

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025146742A1 (en) * 2024-01-04 2025-07-10 Jfeスチール株式会社 Shaped refractory, method for producing shaped refractory, method for constructing shaped refractory, and lining structure for electric furnace
JPWO2025146742A1 (en) * 2024-01-04 2025-07-10

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