JP2013000058A - Coated seed and production method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new coated seed excellent in handleability, sowable property, and also germination performance and growth potential after germination, and having good vegetation fixity, and to provide a production method thereof.SOLUTION: There is provided a coated seed provided by forming a first coating layer controlling the elution of the fertilizer component around a core substrate containing a fertilizer component as a main component, and, therearound, forming a second coating layer containing plant seeds and a coating material. Also there is provided a production method of the coated seed, at least including a process of forming the first coating layer controlling the elusion of the fertilizer component by covering around the core substrate containing the fertilizer component as the main component, and a process of forming the second covering layer containing the plant seeds and the coating material by covering the first coating layer.

Description

  The present invention relates to coated seeds that save labor in sowing work and contribute to an improvement in the vegetation fixation rate of germinated seeds, and a method for producing the same.

In fields where large-scale agricultural production is performed using plant seeds, vegetation conversion such as landscaping or weeds, coated seeds that can save sowing work and enable efficient vegetation with less labor are becoming increasingly important. Has been.
Coated seeds that are coated with a coating material on the surface of the plant seeds not only greatly reduce the damage caused by insects and birds, but also protect the plant seeds from sudden climate change and chemical damage caused by temporary chemical spraying. It is known that the germination rate is increased.

Various coating materials are conventionally known. For example, simple substances of inorganic substances such as silica, talc, kaolinite, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, iron powder, or a mixture thereof have been proposed.
These inorganic substances are coated on the seed surface by using a water-soluble binder such as starch, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone together with water. In addition, a bactericidal agent or the like may be added to the coating material for the purpose of preventing damage caused by disease-causing bacteria attached to the seeds.

  Patent Documents 1 to 5 disclose conventionally known coated seeds and methods for producing the same. All of these have seeds as a core material and the surface thereof is coated with various coating materials.

As a method for producing these coated seeds, generally, a method is used in which an inclined rotating pan is used and a coating material is attached to the seed surface. However, when the seed particle size is small, it is difficult to roll on the processed surface of the tilt-and-rotate pan, so that the seed particles agglomerate and the coating is biased, and it is difficult to obtain a uniform coated seed. is there.
If the coating layer is not homogeneous and agglomerates are formed, seeds taken deep inside may be inhibited from germination by the coating material formed to be excessively thick, which causes problems with efficient vegetation growth. It sometimes occurred.

In addition, even if the conventional coated seeds are sown, if the fertilizer components necessary for plant growth are insufficient in the soil, the growth after germination is insufficient and the vegetation cannot be established. May occur.
Therefore, there has been a demand for plant seeds that are further excellent in growth and vegetation fixation.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-192011 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-015208 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-004606 JP 2005-097309 A JP 2005-192458 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a novel coated seed having a fertilizer component and a homogeneous coating layer, and having excellent germination performance and vegetation fixation after germination, and a method for producing the same.

  As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have used a material containing at least a fertilizer component as a main component as a core base material, a first coating layer for controlling the elution of the fertilizer component on the surface thereof, and a plant seed and By forming a multi-layer coated seed having a structure in which a second coating layer containing a coating material is formed, at the time of germination after sowing, it is difficult to be adversely affected by excessive fertilizer in the soil, and plant seeds are easily exposed to the outside air It is found that the germination performance is good by being present on the surface layer, and after the germination, the fertilizer components are gradually released from the core base material, so that the plant can grow stably and the vegetation fixing rate can be improved. It was done.

  That is, the present invention is as follows.

  1st invention formed the 1st coating layer which controls the elution of a fertilizer component in the circumference | surroundings of the core base material which contains a fertilizer component as a main component, and also contained the plant seed and coating material in the circumference | surroundings A coated seed characterized in that a second coating layer is formed.

  A second invention is the coated seed according to the first invention, wherein the core substrate contains a granular chemical fertilizer component and / or a granular compounded fertilizer component.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a step of coating a first coating layer for controlling the elution of a fertilizer component around a core base material containing the fertilizer component as a main component, and a plant seed and a coating material therearound. A method for producing a coated seed, comprising at least a step of coating a second coating layer containing a coating.

  In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a core base material containing a fertilizer component as a main component is introduced into an inclined rotation type pan, and then a coating material is introduced and the first base material containing the coating material on the surface of the core base material A first coating step of coating and granulating the layer, and then a second coating layer containing plant seeds and the coating material on the surface of the core substrate on which the plant seeds and the coating material are added to form the first coating layer The method for producing a coated seed according to the third aspect of the present invention includes the steps of:

According to the coated seed of the present invention, using a core base material containing a fertilizer component as a main component, a first coating layer for controlling the elution of the fertilizer component on its surface, and further a seed and a coating on its surface By forming a layered coated seed formed by coating the second coating layer containing the material, a coated seed excellent in germination performance and fixability can be provided.
Since the coated seed of the present invention has an appropriate particle size and surface hardness, it has a feature that it is excellent in handleability and mechanical seeding.
Moreover, since the seeds are provided in the second coating layer of the coating surface layer instead of the structure in which the plant seeds are the core part of the coating seeds as in the conventional coated seeds, the germination rate is reduced due to the suffocation effect. Low risk and good germination performance.
Further, after germination, the fertilizer component contained therein is gradually released from the core base material, so that the plant can grow stably and the vegetation can be fixed.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. Conventionally, in the case of producing coated seeds for plants, a coating material is used after wetting the seed surface or while wetting the seed surface by using the movement of the target plant seeds rolling down the slanted processed surface using a slant-rotating pan. It is known to repeat the sprinkling operation to granulate the desired coated seed. Here, the target plant seeds before the granulation step are close to a sphere, and if the diameter is approximately 1.5 mm or more, it is easy to roll the processed surface and form a coating layer. When the seeds are elongated (the aspect ratio becomes large) and the seeds are small, the coating process proceeds in a form in which the particles are aggregated, and thus non-uniform aggregates are likely to be generated.

  In view of such problems, the present invention does not use the seed itself as a core substrate, but uses core substrate particles of a predetermined size that are easy to roll on the machined surface. From the idea that plant seeds can be attached to the surface and the formation of agglomerates based on the agglomeration of seeds is less likely to occur even when a coating material is added, the coated seeds of the present invention and the method for producing the same are found. It was.

In this manner, if the surface of the core base material is coated with plant seeds and a coating material, seeds that are buried deep in the coating layer and cannot effectively germinate can be reduced.
Furthermore, the coated seeds thus obtained can be granulated to a diameter of 2 mm to 30 mm, which is a particle size that is easy to machine sowing, by appropriately selecting the size of the core base material, and is excellent in sowing properties. Coated seeds can be obtained.

[Core substrate]
The core base material used in the present invention contains the following fertilizer components as main components.
Here, containing the fertilizer component as a main component means that the fertilizer component is contained in the core substrate to be used in an amount of 50% by weight or more.
[Fertilizer ingredients]
As a fertilizer component, the fertilizer component containing nitrogen, a phosphoric acid, potassium, etc. which are required for the growth of various plants is shown, A chemical fertilizer component or a compound fertilizer component may be used, and it is not specifically limited.
Here, the chemical fertilizer component is a fertilizer manufactured by using an inorganic fertilizer (including urea and lime nitrogen) or an inorganic raw material and applying chemical operations to the fertilizer, and any of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium Or two or more. The shape of the chemical fertilizer component used in the present invention is preferably a granular product.
Examples of chemical fertilizer components include calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and iron phosphate. Nutrients that are essential for the growth of plants such as N, S, P, Ca, K, and Mg. Can be effectively supplied.
The compound fertilizer component refers to a compound fertilizer made by physically blending simple fertilizer. Examples thereof include those made from inorganic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, percalcite, and salt and organic fertilizers such as fish cake powder and rapeseed oil cake powder.
Here, simple fertilizer refers to a fertilizer containing only one element among the three elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, such as ammonium sulfate, percalcite, and sulfur. In addition to fish meal and oil cake, the above organic fertilizer was fermented using chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, plant leaves and stems, and protein such as fish and beans. Things can also be used.

When producing the coated seeds of the present invention, as the core base material containing the fertilizer component as a main component, it is possible to use a shape that easily rolls the processed surface of the rotating pan, and the surface closer to the spherical shape is the surface. It is easy to coat the seeds and coating material uniformly. For this reason, it is preferable to use spherical particles having an average particle diameter of about 1.5 mm to 20 mm.
In the core base material that can be used in the present invention, in addition to the fertilizer component, when the base material is included, as the material included as the base material, inorganic materials, organic materials, natural materials, artificial materials, etc. are used in combination without limitation be able to. Among these, it is preferable to use an inorganic material as a main component, and specific examples include commercially available granular soil, granular red soil, Kanuma soil, pearlite, and the like.
Also, compounds containing Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Mo, Cl, etc. as auxiliary fertilizer components can be used.

[First coating layer]
The purpose of the first coating layer is to control the elution of the fertilizer components contained in the core base material, and is particularly limited as long as it has a function of gradually releasing the fertilizer components contained in the core base material. Alternatively, clay minerals such as attapulgite and bentonite, silica coating using water glass or silica-based sol-gel solution may be used.
The thickness of the first coating layer is preferably about 10 μm to 2 mm. When the thickness of the first coating layer is less than 10 μm, the fertilizer component may be released excessively during plant growth, resulting in excessive fertilizer. Moreover, when thickness exceeds 2 mm, discharge | release of a fertilizer component becomes difficult and vegetation fixation may become inadequate.

[Second coating layer]
The purpose of the second coating layer is to retain the root of the germinated target plant and prevent it from drying, and is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include the following inorganic materials and organic materials.
Inorganic materials: silica, diatomaceous earth, ferrite, calcium carbonate, montmorillonite, bentonite, palygorskite, vermiculite and the like.
Organic materials: Water-soluble resins such as carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and lignin can be suitably used.
The thickness of the second coating layer is preferably about 300 μm to 10 mm. When the thickness of the second coating layer is less than 300 μm, the retention and protection of plant seeds may be insufficient, and the formation of vegetation may be insufficient. Moreover, when thickness exceeds 10 mm, the segregation of a coating layer generate | occur | produces and the germination performance of a seed may deteriorate.

[Plant seeds]
The seed used for the coated seed of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following vegetable seeds and turf seeds.
Vegetable seeds: Brassicaceae such as radish, Chinese cabbage, turnip, cabbage, green beans, white clover, red clover, hairy vetch, alfalfa, crimson clover, bird's foot trefoil, lotus, etc., asteraceae, carrot, asparagus, etc. Is mentioned.
Turf Seeds: Fescue such as tall fescue, chewing fescue, ryegrass such as perennial ryegrass, Bermudagrass, centipeatgrass, wild buckwheat, bentgrass, bluegrass, other carpet grass, bahiagrass, rosegrass, cormorant Examples include weeping love glass and daikandora.

〔Manufacturing process〕
As a method for forming the coated seeds of the present invention, an inclined rotating pan is used, the core base material is introduced into the processed surface, and water is used by spraying or the like while utilizing the movement of the core base material rolling down. Wet the surface by spraying, then repeat the operation of sprinkling the coating material and spraying water, then the operation of sprinkling the target seed and coating material and the operation of spraying water, Coated seeds can be obtained. Here, if the core base material to be used is a sphere having an average particle size of 1.5 mm or more, the processed surface can be easily rolled and coated, but the core base material is easily entangled with each other, or a triangular pyramid shape. In the case of particles close to, agglomerates are easily formed because the particles are difficult to roll.

  The coated seeds of the present invention can be obtained by drying the coated seeds obtained in the above step.

Example 1
Commercially available chemical fertilizer (NPK = 8-8-8, average particle size 2.5 mm) was used as the core substrate, and bentonite (Hojun Co., Hotaka) and water glass (Hokkaido Co., Ltd.) and water glass (on the surface thereof) Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., No. 1) was coated, and then the surface was coated with plant seeds (about 6000 grains per 1 g of bentgrass) and bentonite (described above) as a second coating layer.
First, the operation of spraying water by spraying water by spraying water by spraying bentonite powder while measuring 1000 g of the above chemical fertilizer at the place where the tilt-rotation type pan (diameter 1000 mm) is started, and making it flow is repeated. Was coated with 100 g of a solution obtained by diluting the commercially available water glass No. 1 solution 10 times, and dried to form a first coating layer. At this time, the thickness of the first coating layer was 0.7 mm to 0.9 mm.
Furthermore, after spraying water using this, 700 mg of bentgrass seeds are sprinkled evenly, and after flowing, the water is replenished by spraying, and the operation of spraying water by spraying bentonite powder is repeated. Then, 1200 g of bentonite was sprinkled evenly and allowed to flow for 10 minutes.
At this time, the thickness of the second coating layer was 0.8 mm to 1.1 mm.
The obtained coated seed was dried in a drying chamber at 30 ° C. to obtain the desired coated seed.
The obtained coated seeds contained about 2 to 4 plant seeds per grain, and were excellent in sowing properties by a seeder.

Example 2
Using the above chemical fertilizer (the same as in Example 1) as a core substrate, 1: 1 of Portland cement (average particle size 50 μm) and calcium carbonate powder (average particle size 8 μm) as the first coating layer on the surface. The mixed powder was coated to form a first coating layer.
Then, the surface was coated with plant seeds (about 1500 grains per gram of 1 kg) and bentonite (same as in Example 1) as the second coating layer.
Specifically, first, 1000 g of the chemical fertilizer is weighed when an inclined rotation type pan (diameter: 1000 mm) is activated, and water is replenished by spraying while flowing, and the mixed powder is sprayed thereon to spray water. The operation was repeated, 700 g of the mixed powder was coated, and this was dried to form a first coating layer. At this time, the thickness of the first coating layer was 1.1 mm to 1.3 mm.
In addition, after spraying water using this, sprinkle 2800 mg of wild buckwheat seeds evenly, and after making it flow as it is, replenish water with a mist sprayer and spray water by spraying bentonite powder there. Then, 1500 g of bentonite was sprinkled evenly and allowed to flow for 10 minutes.
At this time, the thickness of the second coating layer was 0.7 mm to 1.4 mm.
The obtained coated seed was dried in a drying chamber at 30 ° C. to obtain the desired coated seed.
The obtained coated seeds contained about 2 to 4 plant seeds per grain, and were excellent in sowing properties by a seeder.

Example 3
Using the chemical fertilizer (same as in Example 1) as a core substrate, the surface is coated with bentonite (same as in Example 1) and water glass (same as in Example 1) as the first coating layer, Next, plant seeds (about 2200 grains per 1 g of Bermuda glass) and bentonite (the same as Example 1) were coated on the surface as a second coating layer.
First, the operation of spraying water by spraying water by spraying water by spraying bentonite powder while measuring 1000 g of the above chemical fertilizer at the place where the tilt-rotation type pan (diameter 1000 mm) is started, and making it flow is repeated. Was coated with 100 g of a solution obtained by diluting the commercially available water glass No. 1 solution 10 times, and dried to form a first coating layer.
At this time, the thickness of the first coating layer was 0.7 mm to 0.9 mm.
Furthermore, after spraying water using this, sprinkle 1900 mg of Bermudagrass seeds evenly, and let it flow as it is, then replenish water with a sprayer, spray the water by spraying bentonite powder there. Repeatedly, 1200 g of bentonite was sprinkled evenly and allowed to flow for 10 minutes.
At this time, the thickness of the second coating layer was 0.7 mm to 1.3 mm.
The obtained coated seed was dried in a drying chamber at 30 ° C. to obtain the desired coated seed.
The obtained coated seeds contained about 2 to 4 plant seeds per grain, and were excellent in sowing properties by a seeder.

Comparative Example 1
Weighed 200g of bentgrass seeds at the start of a rotating pan (diameter 1000mm), and gradually sprinkled with 500g of bentonite while replenishing water with water spray while flowing, and tried to form coated seeds. It was. However, since the bentgrass seeds have a fine shape with a diameter of 1 mm or less, they could not flow while dispersing the processed surface of the rotating pan, and a heterogeneous lump with a diameter of about 5 mm to 20 mm was formed. These agglomerates contained 50 or more bentgrass seeds on average.
Therefore, in this coated seed, the plant seeds were included more than necessary due to the heterogeneous lump, and it was difficult to uniformly disperse with a seeder.

Comparative Example 2
The chemical fertilizer (same as in Example 1) was used as a core substrate, and plant seeds (about 6000 grains per 1 g of bentgrass) and bentonite (same as in Example 1) were sequentially coated on the surface thereof. That is, a coated seed was produced without forming the first coating layer.
First, 1000 g of the chemical fertilizer was weighed when the tilt-rotating pan (1000 mm in diameter) was started, and water was replenished by spraying while flowing. After that, water was further replenished by spraying, and the operation of spraying water by spraying bentonite powder was repeated, sprinkled 1200 g of bentonite uniformly and allowed to flow for 10 minutes. The obtained coated seed was dried in a drying chamber at 30 ° C. to obtain a coated seed.

When the coated seeds obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were sown on cultured soil and subjected to a germination test while being kept at 28 ° C., Examples 1 to 3 and 4 weeks passed. Although germination could be confirmed for Comparative Example 1, germination could not be confirmed for Comparative Example 2.
Moreover, the survival rate of the object plant in 1 month after sowing was evaluated.
While 50% or more of the coated seeds of Examples 1 to 3 grew after one month, the coated seeds of Comparative Example 2 had a growth rate after one month of 50% or less.

Claims (4)

  A first coating layer that controls the elution of the fertilizer component is formed around the core base material containing the fertilizer component as a main component, and a second coating layer containing plant seeds and a coating material is formed around the core coating layer. Coated seed characterized by being made.   The coated seed according to claim 1, wherein the core substrate contains a granular chemical fertilizer component and / or a granular compounded fertilizer component.   A step of forming a first coating layer for controlling the elution of the fertilizer component around the core base material containing the fertilizer component as a main component, and a second coating containing a plant seed and a coating material therearound A method for producing a coated seed, comprising at least a step of coating a layer.   A core base material containing a fertilizer component as a main component is put into an inclined rotation type pan, and then a coating material is put to form a first coating layer containing the coating material on the surface of the core base material. A first coating step of granulating, and then, forming a second coating layer containing plant seeds and a coating material on the surface of the core substrate on which the plant seeds and the coating material are added to form the first coating layer, The method for producing a coated seed according to claim 3, further comprising a granulating step.