JP2013099215A - Power supply system for collective housing, or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible that the electric power generated with a solar cell array installed in a balcony or the like by a dweller of a housing is distributed and supplied to a plurality of power loads at each housing efficiently at a low cost, appropriately in coordination.SOLUTION: A solar cell array 11 which receives sunlight and generates a DC power is installed on a balcony 11 of each housing. The DC power is converted to an AC power by an inverter 13. An AC power outputted from the inverter 13 is distributed and supplied to a plurality of power loads by a distribution panel 38 at each housing. Meanwhile, a DC power generated by a solar cell array or a lithium ion battery is compared for magnitude with the power consumed by the power loads using a power comparator. According to the comparison result, a power switcher supplies the DC power to a power load or a low voltage system by way of the inverter, otherwise, the DC power is supplied to the power load or the lithium ion battery from the low voltage system.

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric power obtained from a solar cell array (solar cell panel) installed on a balcony of a house in an apartment house such as an apartment or a building in which a plurality of companies are occupying (hereinafter referred to as an apartment house). The present invention relates to a power supply system such as an apartment house that distributes and supplies power to a plurality of power loads.

  Today, as part of global environmental measures, solar energy is converted to DC power using a solar cell array, and this DC power is converted to AC power by an inverter, which is used as a power load connected to a low-voltage system in the home. Solar power generation systems that can be supplied have come into wide use. (For example, see Patent Document 1).

  In this solar power generation system, the solar cell array is installed on the roof of a house or the roof of a building, and is installed so as to face the direction of sunlight irradiation. The solar cell array is obtained by integrating a plurality of solar cell modules in a planar arrangement state. These solar cell modules are connected in series to form a string. Depending on the number of solar cell arrays arranged, the strings are arranged in one row or in two or more rows, and the size and capacity are set.

  Moreover, the power cable for taking out the electric power which the solar cell array generated is provided according to the number of the strings, and the generated electric power is sent to the inverter via the power cable and the connection box. The inverter receives DC power supplied from the solar cell array via the power cable, and converts this DC power into commercial frequency AC power boosted to, for example, 110 volts.

  This AC power is supplied to a power load such as an illuminating lamp, a refrigerator, a personal computer, and office equipment connected to the low-voltage system. Such a solar power generation system is particularly useful when it is installed on the roof of a house or on the roof of a building as described above to make up for power shortage during periods of high power demand for commercial power sources (low voltage systems). is there.

JP 09-045950 A

  However, such a conventional solar power generation device is mainly configured by a solar cell array installed on a detached house or a roof of a building, and its facilities and scale are relatively large. In particular, a photovoltaic power generation apparatus that installs a solar cell array on the roof of an apartment house or building is managed by the manager of the apartment house or building, and the AC power generated by the solar cell array is converted into AC by an inverter. Therefore, the capacity and facilities of solar cells, inverters, etc. become large, and the maintenance cost of the facilities and the burden rate of the power usage fee for each door have become high.

  On the other hand, by increasing the power conversion efficiency of solar cell arrays and drastically reducing costs due to mass production, solar cell arrays, etc. must be installed for each occupant in an apartment house. As a result, there is an increasing momentum for obtaining the amount of power required by each house and reducing the amount of commercial power used (the amount of power purchased from an electric power company) by using this power to cover all or part of the power consumption.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the power generated by a solar cell array installed on a balcony by a resident of an apartment house or a building to a plurality of power loads at a low price. It is another object of the present invention to provide a power supply system for an apartment house or the like that can be efficiently distributed and supplied.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, a power supply system for an apartment house or the like according to the present invention is installed on a balcony of each apartment such as an apartment house, and receives a sunlight on the balcony to generate direct-current power. A rechargeable ion battery that charges the DC power generated by the solar cell array; an inverter that converts the DC power generated by the solar cell array or the DC power discharged by the lithium ion battery into AC power; and the inverter outputs Power distribution that compares the magnitude of the DC power generated by the solar cell array or the lithium ion battery and the power consumed by the power load by distributing and supplying AC power to the plurality of power loads for each of the doors And the DC power is supplied to the power load or low-voltage system via the inverter according to the comparison result by the power comparator. There is characterized by and a power switch for supplying the Lithium ion batteries or via inverter from a low pressure system to the power load.

  With the above configuration, the manager who manages all the houses in the apartment, such as the solar cell array installed on the rooftop, purchased by each occupant in this apartment and installed on the balcony. From the solar cell array, the electric power required by the resident can be distributed and supplied to a plurality of electric power loads in the resident's house or office. Therefore, the solar cell array, the rechargeable lithium ion battery, and the inverter for AC conversion must be prepared with a capacity suitable for the occupant's convenience, that is, the daily power consumption and economic circumstances. It is possible to maximize the power usage efficiency.

  In addition, the power supply system for an apartment house or the like according to the present invention is configured such that when the power comparator detects use within the maximum output of the solar cell array, the solar cell array transmits power to the power load via the power switch. It is provided with a means for detecting the maximum output of a solar cell array that automatically supplies power and, on the other hand, automatically detects the use of power exceeding the maximum output of the solar cell array from a low-voltage system to a power load. To do.

  With the above configuration, if any of the solar cell array, lithium ion battery, or low voltage system falls short of power supply, power can continue to be accommodated in the power load from one of the other power supply margins. As a result, it is possible to avoid serious adverse effects on the power load such as electronic equipment down due to an inadvertent power outage and data loss.

  According to the present invention, the power generated by the solar cell array installed on the balcony or the like by a resident of the apartment house or building can be distributed and supplied to a plurality of power loads at low cost and inadvertently. It is possible to avoid serious adverse effects on the power load such as electronic equipment down and data loss due to a power outage.

  The present invention has been briefly described above. Further, the best mode for carrying out the invention described below will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows electric power feeding systems, such as an apartment house, by embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of installation of the electric power feeding system shown in FIG. It is a perspective view of the electric power feeding system shown in FIG. It is a circuit diagram of the electric power feeding system shown in FIG. In this embodiment, it is a circuit diagram of the power interchange circuit which enables interchange of the electric power from a low voltage | pressure system (commercial power system) to an electric power load.

  Hereinafter, a power supply system for an apartment house or the like according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

  FIG. 1 shows a power supply system for an apartment house or the like according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows an installation example of the power supply system, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the power supply system shown in FIG. In the same figure, the code | symbol H is apartment houses, such as a condominium, and the balcony 1 is extended in the horizontal direction for every door in the south wall surface side. A solar cell array (solar cell panel) 11 purchased by the resident himself / herself is installed on the balcony 1 for each door. In the resident's house where the solar cell array 11 is installed on the balcony 1, one or both of commercial power supplied by the electric power company and power generated by the solar cell array 11 can be used. When the power generated by the solar cell array 11 exceeds the amount of power consumption, it is possible to sell the generated power exceeding that amount to the commercial system.

  The solar cell array 11 is installed on the balcony 1 so that the light receiving surface is directed in the incident direction of sunlight as illustrated. Although this solar cell array 11 is small and lightweight, those having a large capacity and high power generation efficiency (power conversion efficiency) are being provided to the market one after another. The solar cell array 11 used in this embodiment is light in weight. It is easy to transport, handle and install, and can be folded and unfolded. Accordingly, even a resident of the apartment house H who is a general user can easily carry in the balcony 1 and install and assemble it easily.

  Further, assembling of the installation table 2 for installing the solar cell array 11 on the balcony 1, placing the solar cell array 11 on the installation table 2, and further, the solar cell array 11, the lithium ion battery 12 and the inverter 13. It is assumed that the resident himself / herself can perform the electrical connection with a simple method such as inserting the plugs of the power cables 14 and 15 into an outlet. The size and weight of the installation base and the lengths and thicknesses of the power cables 14 and 15 are determined according to the weight, capacity, size, and the like of the solar cell array 11, the lithium ion battery 12, and the inverter 13.

  The lithium ion battery 12 is for charging the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 11, and the inverter 13 is for converting the DC power into AC power and supplying it to the power load. A current collection box 3 is provided on the outer wall surface of the apartment house H or the like facing the balcony 1, and an outlet 6 for supplying AC power output from the inverter 13 to the indoor system is installed in the current collection box 3. . A plug 5 at the end of the power cable 4 connected to the inverter 13 is inserted into the outlet 6.

  The solar cell array 11 is formed by arranging a plurality of solar cell modules as semiconductor photoelectric conversion elements such as silicon. A plurality of solar cell modules are connected in series and in parallel and covered with a weather-resistant material. Specifically, for example, a light transmission plate such as a glass plate or a synthetic resin plate is disposed on the light receiving surface of the solar cell element, and a Teflon (registered trademark) film, PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), A weather-resistant film such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is applied to form a laminated structure of these light transmission plates, solar cell elements, and weather-resistant films. The stacked structure is a rectangular body, and a frame body such as aluminum is mounted on the peripheral surface of the rectangular body. Further, a connection box is provided on the back side of the solar cell module, and a terminal for taking in the output power of the solar cell module is provided here.

  On the other hand, the lithium ion battery 12 is a secondary battery having a small size, light weight, high withstand voltage characteristics, high volumetric energy rate (Wh / L) and high weight energy rate (Wh / Kg), and is connected to the solar cell array 11 via the power cable 14. Connected. The lithium ion battery 12 charges the voltage output from the solar cell array 11 and supplies necessary and stable DC power to the inverter 13. Further, an inverter 13 is connected to the lithium ion battery 12 via a power cable 15, and the inverter 13 converts DC power supplied via the lithium ion battery 12 into AC power. An AC capacitor and an AC reactor (both not shown) for adjusting the AC output waveform to a sine wave are connected to the output side of the inverter 13.

  By the way, the power supply system of an apartment house or the like having such a configuration is relatively light and small in size. The weight of the solar cell array 11 is, for example, 8 kg, the lithium ion battery 12 connected thereto is 50 kg, and the lithium ion battery 12. The inverter 13 connected to the terminal is 4.5 kg, and each of them has a weight that can be carried by one or two residents. The lithium ion battery 12 and the inverter 13 are each provided with casters 16 and 17 at the bottom of the casing. Thereby, the lithium ion battery 12 and the inverter 13 can be easily moved or run on the floor during these installation operations.

  Further, the lithium ion battery 12 has a pair of handles 18 attached to the top of the casing, and the inverter 13 has a handle 19 attached to the top of the casing. Therefore, by lifting the handle 18 and the handle 19, it is possible to facilitate the lifting and lowering of the lithium ion battery 12 and the inverter 13 by the worker. The inverter 13 is provided with a plug insertion port 20 which is a voltage extraction port of the load for the low voltage system. For this reason, each of the lithium ion battery 12 and the inverter 13 can be carried separately together with the solar cell array 11.

  As described above, the solar cell array 11 and the lithium ion battery 12 are connected by the power cable 14, and the lithium ion battery 12 and the inverter 13 are connected by the power cable 15. For this reason, the connection work of these electric power cables 14 and 15 is also easy because the casters 16 and 17 can easily move the lithium ion battery 12 and the inverter 13. Therefore, the power supply system having such a configuration can be easily carried in and installed on the apartment house H or the balcony 1 of the building, and power supply to the power load for the low voltage system used in the house or office can be realized easily and at low cost. .

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram conceptually showing an electrical system of a power feeding system such as an apartment house according to the present embodiment. In this block diagram, a DC power detector 31 is connected between the solar cell array 11, the lithium ion battery 12 and the inverter 13. Further, a power switch 33, a load power detector 34 and a distribution board 38 are connected in series between the inverter 13 and the power load 32. The power switch 33 is connected to the low voltage system 36 via the switch 35. As shown in FIG. 2, the distribution board 38 is installed on the indoor side of each door, distributes and supplies AC power obtained through the inverter 13 to a plurality of power loads on the indoor side, and also opens and closes the power switch 33 and the open / close switch. The container 35 is stored. Reference numeral 37 denotes a power comparator that compares the power values detected by the power detectors 31 and 34.

  In this circuit, the DC power generated by the solar cell array 11 is charged to the rechargeable ion battery 12, and the DC power stabilized by the rechargeable ion battery 12 is supplied to the inverter 13. The inverter 13 converts the DC power into AC power of commercial frequency, the power cable 4 in which a plug (not shown) is inserted into the plug insertion port 20 shown in FIG. 3, and the plug at the end of the power cable 4 5, through the outlet 6 and the distribution board 38, it is possible to supply the power load 32 for the low voltage system, for example, a household refrigerator, office equipment such as an illumination lamp and a fax machine (see FIG. 2).

  On the other hand, the DC power detector 31 detects the power obtained at both ends of the lithium ion battery 12, and the load power detector 34 detects the power consumed by the power load 32. The power detected by each of these power detectors 31 and 34 is input to the power comparator 37, and the power comparator 37 inputs a switching control signal corresponding to the difference between the power values to the power switch 33.

  When the power value A detected by the DC power detector 31 is sufficiently larger than the power value B detected by the load power detector 34 (A> B), the power comparator 37 receives the AC from the inverter 13. The electric power switch 33 is switched so that electric power is supplied to the electric power load 32 through the distribution board 38, and is also supplied (sold) to the low voltage system 36 through the switch 35. On the other hand, when the power value A detected by the DC power detector 31 is equal to the power value B detected by the load power detector 34 (A = B), the power switch 33 connects the inverter 13 to the low voltage system 36. The power supply is cut off and the power supply to the power load 32 is switched to continue.

  On the other hand, when the power value A detected by the DC power detector 31 is lower than the power value B detected by the load power detector 34 (A <B), the power switch 33 receives power load from the inverter 13. The AC power supply to the power supply 32 is stopped and the power from the low-voltage system 36 is switched to be supplied to the power load 32 through the distribution board 38 via the switch 35. In this case, while the charging of the lithium ion battery 12 is continued, the power of the low-voltage system 36 is purchased and the power is continuously supplied to the power load 32. As a result, the power load 32 continues to operate or drive without a power failure.

  Therefore, the power supply system for an apartment house or the like having such a configuration is easy to handle and highly versatile, and only by installing the solar cell array 11, the lithium ion battery 12 and the inverter 13 on the balcony 1 of the apartment house H or the like. A clean energy supply system that matches the power consumption of each house can be constructed easily and inexpensively.

  As described above, the power supply system for an apartment house or the like according to the present embodiment installs the solar cell array 11 that generates direct-current power by receiving sunlight on the balcony 1 of each apartment such as an apartment house, The DC power generated by the solar cell array 11 is charged into the lithium ion battery 12, and the DC power generated by the solar cell array 11 or the DC power discharged by the lithium ion battery 12 is converted into AC power by the inverter 13, and the inverter It is comprised so that the alternating current power which 13 outputs may be distributed and supplied to the some electric power load for every door.

  Therefore, in this power supply system, the electric power generated by the solar cell array purchased by the resident of the apartment house or building and installed on the balcony or the like can be distributed and supplied to a plurality of power loads at low cost and efficiently. It will be possible. As a result, utilization of clean energy without using fossil fuel can be realized for each door.

  FIG. 5 automatically shows the low voltage system (commercial power) when the power load 32 exceeding the maximum output of the solar cell array 11 is connected using the power comparator 37 and the power switch 33 shown in FIG. An example of the power interchange circuit which enables the interchange of the electric power from the system | strain 36 to the electric power load 32 is shown. In this power interchange circuit, a current limiting breaker 41, a leakage breaker 42, and a first switch 43 connected to the low-voltage system 36 are connected in series. An earth leakage breaker 45 for the inverter 13 is connected to the first switch 43 via the second switch 44, and the inverter 13 is connected to the earth leakage breaker 45.

  The inverter 13 is connected to the lithium ion battery 12 via a switch 46 for the lithium ion battery. This inverter 13 is connected to the solar cell array 11 via a switch 47 with a backflow prevention element (backflow prevention diode) as a separate system. A plurality of power loads 32 are connected in parallel through a power load system, that is, each one power load switch 48 in the middle of the circuit connecting the first switch 43 and the second switch 44.

  On the other hand, the solar cell array 11 is connected to a maximum power detection means 49 for detecting the maximum power of the solar cell array 11, and the maximum power detection means 49 is used below the maximum output of the solar cell array 11. When the first switch 43 is detected, the first switch 43 is turned off (opened) and the second switch 44 is turned on (closed) to enable power supply from the solar cell array 11 to the power load 32.

  On the other hand, when the maximum power detection means 49 detects the use of the solar cell array 11 at or above the maximum output, the first switch 43 is turned on and the second switch 44 is turned off, so that the low voltage system From 36, predetermined power exceeding the maximum power can be supplied to the power load 32. In this case, the power supplied from the lithium ion battery 12 or the solar battery 11 as a secondary battery can be used in combination by turning on the first switch 43 and the second switch 44 simultaneously. Thereby, it becomes possible to easily cope with a large power load.

  In this power interchange circuit, the maximum power detection means 49 monitors the maximum output voltage of the solar cell array 11, and the first switch is used when the solar cell array 11 is used below this maximum output voltage. The DC power generated by the solar cell 11 with 43 closed is AC converted through the inverter 13 and supplied to the power load 32 via the earth leakage breaker 45 and the second switch 44, and this power supply operation can be maintained.

  On the other hand, when the solar cell array 11 is used at the maximum output voltage or higher, the maximum power detection means 49 detects this and closes the first switch 43 and opens the second switch 44 to supply only commercial power. The power is automatically supplied to the power load 32 via the current limiting breaker 41, the earth leakage breaker 42, and the first switch 43. Therefore, even if the AC power through the inverter 13 is cut off, the power load can be continuously operated by the commercial power.

  When the use of the power load 32 exceeds the maximum output of 500 W (for example, 1000 W), the maximum power detection means 49 detects that the output exceeds 500 W, and the first switch 43 and the first switch 43 It is also possible to turn on both of the two switches 44. In this case, the capacity of the lithium ion battery 12 or the maximum power of the solar battery 11 can be compensated from the low-voltage system 36 to cope with the large-capacity power load.

  When the low-voltage system 36 supplies AC power to the power load 32, the AC power is input to the inverter 13 through the first switch 43 and the second switch 44, so that the inverter 13 The DC power converted into can be charged to the lithium ion battery 12. In this case, the maximum power detection means 49 is switched to a mode in which both the first switch 43 and the second switch 44 are turned on. Note that the power supply system of the above-described embodiment can be adopted not only for detached houses but also for apartment houses.

  In this way, when any of the solar cell array, the lithium ion battery or the low-voltage system falls short of power supply, it can continue to supply power to the power load from any of the other power supply margins, As a result, it is possible to avoid a serious influence on the power load, such as an electronic device being down due to an inadvertent power outage or data loss.

  A power supply system for an apartment house or the like according to the present invention is a low-cost and efficient electric power generated by a solar cell array installed on a balcony or the like by a resident of the apartment house or building by door, to a plurality of power loads at each house, And it has the effect that it can distribute and supply without power failure by the interchange of the electric power from a low voltage | pressure system | strain, and it is useful for the solar power feeding system etc. which can supply the electric power obtained from solar energy to the separate electric power load.

H apartment 1 balcony 2 installation stand 3 current collection box 4 power cable 5 plug 6 outlet 11 solar cell array 12 lithium ion battery 13 inverter 14, 15 power cable 16, 17 caster 18 handle 19 handle 20 plug insertion port 31 direct current Power detector 32 Power load 33 Power switch 34 Load power detector 35 Switch 36 Low voltage system 37 Power comparator 38 Distribution board 43 First switch 44 Second switch 49 Maximum power detection means

Claims (2)

A solar cell array that is installed on a balcony of a house such as an apartment house and generates direct-current power by receiving sunlight on the balcony;
A lithium ion battery that charges the DC power generated by the solar cell array;
An inverter that converts DC power generated by the solar cell array or DC power discharged by the lithium ion battery into AC power;
A distribution board that distributes and supplies the AC power output by the inverter to a plurality of power loads for each of the doors;
A power comparator that compares the magnitude of the DC power generated by the solar cell array or the lithium ion battery with the power consumed by the power load;
According to the comparison result by the power comparator, the DC power is supplied to the power load or the low-voltage system via the inverter, or the power switch is supplied to the lithium ion battery from the low-voltage system to the power load or via the inverter;
A power supply system comprising:   The power comparator automatically supplies power from the solar cell array to the power load via the power switch when it detects use within the maximum output of the solar cell array, while the maximum of the solar cell array 2. The power supply system according to claim 1, further comprising a solar cell maximum output detecting means for automatically supplying power from the AC power system to the power load when use exceeding the output is detected.

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