JP2013094030A - Armature coil and synchronous rotary machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that a conventional armature coil having a bad space factor due to a round conductor and a stator pole difficult for multi-polarization cannot achieve high efficiency and high output of a rotary machine.SOLUTION: A armature coil includes a plurality of same shaped unit coils 10 comprising: an air-core coil laminated by directing a wide surface part of a flat wire with an insulation-processed surface to a radial direction thereof and winding the flat wire from the inside to the outside; a winding start part 11 of the flat wire of which the insulation-processed surface is peeled in the innermost layer of the air-core coil; and a winding end part 12 of the flat wire of which the insulation-processed surface is peeled in the outermost layer of the air-core coil. The plurality of unit coils 10 are closely contacted and arranged in the axial direction so as to mutually reverse winding directions of two adjacent unit coils 10 of the plurality of unit coils 10 to electrically connect the winding start parts 11 or the winding end parts 12 of the two adjacent unit coils 10 to each other.

Description

  The present invention relates to an armature coil used for a rotating machine and a synchronous rotating machine using the armature coil.

  With the advancement of inverter control technology, the application of brushless motors, which are a type of synchronous rotating machine, is expanding from consumer equipment such as air conditioners to various uses such as electric cars and hybrid cars. In recent years, brushless motors, including transportation equipment such as electric vehicles, have been required to have high output, and several approaches have been considered in order to cope with the high output. Has been. One approach to higher output is to use a high coercivity permanent magnet for the rotor magnet. However, since a large amount of rare earth such as neodymium Nd or samarium Sm is required as a rotor magnet in order to increase the output of the motor, anxiety about supply of rare earth has become apparent. For this reason, research on the rare earth-less has been actively conducted, and a synchronous motor without a rotor magnet, a so-called synchronous reluctance motor has been studied (for example, Patent Document 1).

  On the other hand, a synchronous motor generates cogging torque in principle and causes vibration and noise. Therefore, a coreless (slotless) motor / generator with reduced cogging torque has been put into practical use (for example, Patent Document 2). ).

JP 2003-134761 A JP 2002-262502 A

  In general, in order to increase the output of a synchronous motor, the number of counter poles of the stator and rotor poles is increased to increase the torque, while cogging torque is reduced to improve motor vibration and noise, thereby improving motor efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the output. However, due to the limitation of the space factor of the conductive wire used for the armature coil winding, a considerable width of the slot formed in the stator must be secured, and the number of slots (or the number of teeth formed by two slots) can be reduced. It is difficult to increase the number of poles. Conventionally, improvement of the space factor has been dealt with by contriving the winding structure such as split winding, but the space factor when round wire is used for the lead wire, whether it is split winding or concentrated winding. Due to limitations, there are limits to the number of stator poles. Further, the winding process in which the conducting wire is wound up through the slot and drawn out as a tap for external wiring is very complicated, which causes an increase in cost.

  As described in Patent Document 2, when the armature coil is fixed to the yoke, in order to effectively use the internal space of the rotating machine, the armature coil is pressed according to the circumferential shape of the yoke. It must be molded into a curved shape called a saddle shape using processing or the like. The rotor magnet is also molded to have a curved surface, and the surface of the rotor yoke that fixes the rotor magnet must be curved. These processes require extra steps, and there are cases where the magnetic properties are deteriorated by the curved surface processing of the magnet. Such a problem of curved surface processing remarkably occurs when the number of stator poles and rotor poles is small.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an armature coil that improves the space factor of coil windings and realizes multi-polarization of a stator pole and a rotor pole, and a synchronous rotating machine using the armature coil.

  The armature coil of the present invention includes an air-core coil that is laminated by winding from the inner side to the outer side with a wide surface portion of a flat wire whose surface is insulated being directed in the radial direction, and an insulating layer in the innermost layer of the air-core coil. It includes a plurality of unit coils of the same shape having a peeled winding start portion and an insulation peeled winding end portion in the outermost layer of the air-core coil. A plurality of unit coils are aligned and closely aligned in the axial direction so that the winding directions of two adjacent unit coils of the plurality of unit coils are reversed, and winding of two adjacent unit coils is performed. The beginning part or the winding end part was electrically connected.

  The cored type synchronous rotating machine of the present invention has an air-core coil laminated by winding from the inner side to the outer side with the wide surface portion of a rectangular wire having an insulating surface directed in the radial direction, and the outermost of the air-core coil. A plurality of unit coils including a plurality of unit coils of the same shape, each having a rectangular wire insulation start winding portion in the inner layer and a flat wire insulation release end portion in the outermost layer of the air core coil. A plurality of unit coils are aligned and closely aligned in the axial direction so that the winding directions of two adjacent unit coils are opposite to each other, and winding start portions or windings of the two adjacent unit coils are wound. The end portions are electrically connected to each other, and the armature coils are arranged adjacent to each other in a circumferential shape, and the armature coils are arranged so that the axis of the armature coils is directed toward the rotation center of the shaft of the rotating machine. Insert and fix in the core part A ring yoke formed in an annular shape with a soft magnetic material, a tooth into which the armature coil is inserted, and a surface facing the armature coil are arranged with a predetermined distance therebetween, And a rotor yoke formed of a soft magnetic material that is fixed to the shaft and rotates together with the shaft. The surface of the armature coil facing the surface of the rotor yoke and the surface of the armature coil installed on the ring yoke are both flat surfaces, and the surface of the ring yoke to which the armature coils are fixed are flat surfaces, teeth and The surface of the rotor yoke facing the armature coil is a flat surface.

  The coreless type synchronous rotating machine according to the present invention includes an air-core coil laminated by winding from the inside to the outside, with the wide surface portion of a flat wire whose surface is insulated, directed in the radial direction, and the innermost layer of the air-core coil A plurality of unit coils of the same shape having a rectangular wire insulation-released winding start portion and a flat wire insulation-released winding end portion in the outermost layer of the air-core coil. A plurality of unit coils are aligned and closely aligned in the axial direction so that the winding directions of two adjacent unit coils are reversed, and the winding start portion or winding end of two adjacent unit coils The parts are electrically connected to each other, and an armature coil arranged annularly adjacent to each other so that each axis is directed to the rotation center of the shaft of the rotating machine, and a soft magnetic material that fixes the armature coil. Annular ring And a rotor magnet arranged in an annular shape facing the armature coil and spaced apart by a predetermined gap length, and a soft magnetic material fixed to the shaft and rotating together with the shaft by fixing the rotor magnet And a formed rotor yoke. The surface of the armature coil facing the magnet and the surface of the armature coil installed on the ring yoke are both flat, and the surface of the ring yoke on which the armature coil is installed is flat, and the armature of the magnet Both the surface facing the coil and the surface of the magnet installed on the rotor yoke are flat surfaces, and the surface of the rotor yoke on which the magnets are installed is a flat surface.

  According to the armature coil of the present invention, two adjacent unit coils of the plurality of unit coils are closely aligned in the axial direction and aligned, and the winding start portions or winding end portions are connected to each other. The number of turns of the armature coil can be increased without increasing the space. Further, the armature coil of the present invention is composed of a unit coil wound with a flat wire, so that the space factor is high and the space is saved, and the tap is formed by insulating and peeling the winding start portion and the winding end portion. It is possible to make an electrical connection with the outside without providing a cable.

  According to the cored rotating machine or the coreless rotating machine using the armature coil of the present invention, adjacent two unit coils of the plurality of unit coils are closely aligned and aligned in the axial direction, and the winding start portion or winding is performed. Since the armature coil in which the end portions are connected is used, the armature coil can be accommodated in the slot without increasing the space of the stator slot, and multipolarization can be realized. Each connecting surface and facing surface of the armature coil, ring yoke, magnet and rotor yoke are flat, so that it can be manufactured with high dimensional accuracy, enabling high-density mounting and uniform magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit. This makes it possible to increase efficiency.

It is a figure which shows the cross section of the flat conducting wire which is 1 type of the flat conducting wire which forms the armature coil of this invention. It is a perspective view of the unit coil which comprises the armature coil of this invention. (A) Top view of armature coil of this invention, (B) Front sectional drawing in AA, (C) The figure which shows typically the direction of winding of the unit coil which comprises an armature coil. It is a figure which shows the method of pulling out the winding of the innermost layer of the unit coil which comprises the armature coil of this invention to the outer layer side. (A) is a top view, (B) is the front sectional drawing in BB line, and the figure which expanded the drawer | drawing-out part of the innermost layer winding. It is a figure which shows the armature coil of this invention which connected four unit coils. (A) is a top view, (B) is a front sectional view in CC line. (A) of the armature coil of this invention which connected three unit coils is a top view, (B) It is front sectional drawing in a DD line. It is a figure which shows the variation of the armature coil of this invention. (A) shows an example in which the unit coils are connected to each other by the outermost winding when composed of two unit coils, and (B) shows one unit coil in the case of (A). An example is shown in which the number of turns of the coil is adjusted by rewinding the inner layer winding. It is a figure which shows the variation of the armature coil of this invention. (A) shows that the connection position can be arbitrarily selected in the case of three unit coils, and (B) shows the winding of the outer layer of one unit coil in the case of (A). An example of adjusting the number of turns of the coil will be shown. It is a figure which shows the variation of the armature coil of this invention. (A) shows an example in which the connection to the outside is realized by the innermost layer winding in the case of four unit coils, and (B) shows one unit coil in the case of (A). An example is shown in which the number of turns of the coil is adjusted by rewinding the inner layer winding. It is a figure which shows the example in the case of connecting the armature coil of this invention to the ring yoke (stator yoke) of a synchronous rotary machine. FIG. 2A is a plan view schematically showing a configuration of a coreless motor (slotless motor) using the armature coil of the present invention, and FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the method of arranging the armature of the coreless motor using the armature coil of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an armature coil to which the present invention is applied and a cored and coreless rotating machine using the armature coil will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[Unit coils constituting the armature coil]
In the armature coil of the present invention, a rectangular conductor having a wide surface is used in order to increase the space factor of the coil winding. In the case of a normal round conductor, the space factor is about 70% at the maximum, but the space factor can be increased to about 90% by using a flat wire. In forming the unit coil, it is preferable to use a flat conductive wire which is a kind of a flat conductive wire and is molded so that the corners of a normal flat conductive wire as shown in FIG. By using a flat conducting wire, the insulating film does not become nonuniform at the corners of a normal rectangular conducting wire, so that stable insulating characteristics can be obtained. Assuming that the width W of the wide surface and the thickness t are equal, the resistance value of the flat wire is proportional to the thickness t and inversely proportional to the width W. The conducting wire layer 1 is formed of Cu or a Cu-based alloy (electrical copper for electricity). The periphery of the conductor layer 1 is covered with an insulating layer 2. Here, the insulating layer 2 is preferably composed of two layers. As the coating on the conductive wire layer 1 side, an insulating coating layer is provided, and a thermal fusion layer is provided on the outer layer of the insulating coating layer. The thermal fusion layer is used to fix the winding by forming the unit coil constituting the armature coil and then melting the thermal fusion layer in a high temperature state. Alternatively, after the armature coil is formed, the armature coil is molded by a transfer molding process after or before mounting on the ring yoke formed by laminating silicon steel plates. It is used for fusing the fusing layers and fixing them together. The insulating coating layer is used to prevent a short circuit with an adjacent winding or other wiring, and is usually formed of a heat resistant resin that can withstand the temperature during soldering.

  The armature coil is constituted by a unit coil 10 as shown in FIG. When the unit coil 10 is disposed in the slot of the ring yoke, as shown in FIG. 2, an air-core coil with the center of the wire winding as an axis is formed in a square shape so as not to create a dead space as much as possible. However, it may be formed as an air-core coil having another shape such as a circular shape or a trapezoidal shape according to the shape of the synchronous rotating machine using the armature coil.

  A flat conducting wire as shown in FIG. 1 is wound from the innermost layer side of the air-core coil, wound outwardly so as to overlap wide surfaces, and laminated to obtain a unit coil 10 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the innermost flat conductor becomes the winding start portion 11, and the outermost flat conductor becomes the winding end portion 12. By peeling off the coating of the insulating layer 2 of the flat conducting wire and exposing the conducting wire layer 1, electrical connection with the outside can be established.

Here, the flat conducting wire (or the flat conducting wire as shown in FIG. 1) has a width W and a thickness t, and the ratio (W / t) between the width W and the thickness t is determined in the production of the flat conducting wire. Practically, it is preferably 20 or less due to limitations. That is, when the width W of the rectangular conductor wire that determines the thickness of the air-core coil is set, the lower limit of the thickness t is determined by (W / t) ≦ 20. The width a of the winding portion of the unit coil 10 in FIG. 2 is a≈n ₀ · t, where n ₀ is the number of turns of the flat wire, and the width a of the winding portion must be smaller than the slot width. On the other hand, the required number of turns N of the armature coil often satisfies N> n _{0 in} order to generate the required magnetic flux. This indicates that, when a rectangular wire having a thickness t is wound as an air-core coil, the size of the storage space in the slot may be reached before the necessary number of turns is reached. Therefore, as will be described below, a plurality of unit coils 10 are connected in series to realize the number of turns necessary for the armature coil without increasing the width a of the winding part.

  As described above, the unit coil 10 is formed by laminating so as to wind up a flat wire, so that the accuracy of the finished dimension can be increased. For this reason, it can be accommodated in a slot without difficulty, and positioning becomes easy. Moreover, since the winding start part 11 and the winding end part 12 can also be positioned with high precision, it is possible to form connection electrodes by removing these insulating coatings, and to simplify the connection process with other circuits. .

[Basic configuration of armature coil]
As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, when two unit coils 10 having the same shape as shown in FIG. 2 are arranged in close contact with their axes aligned, the two unit coils 10 are aligned. Can be connected in series. This realizes the number of turns that can generate a desired magnetic flux. Assuming that the number of turns of the unit coil is n ₀ , the number of turns N _{2 of the} armature coil is N ₂ = 2 · n ₀ . When the unit coils 10 are connected to each other, the insulating layer 2 of the winding start portion 11 in the innermost layer may be peeled off and the unit coils 10 may be connected by the inner connection wires 13. Here, when the two unit coils 10 are arranged in the axial direction and viewed from the same axial direction, when the innermost conductors are connected in the direction in which both unit coils 10 are wound in the clockwise direction, The direction of the generated magnetic flux is reversed and the magnetic fluxes cancel each other. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3C, when the axes of the two unit coils 10 are aligned and aligned, the winding direction is aligned in the opposite direction. As a result, the magnetic flux generation directions of the two unit coils 10 are the same, and a magnetic flux proportional to the number of turns can be generated.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B), the coating of the insulating layer 2 of the winding end portion 12 is peeled off as an electrode for connecting the armature coil and other circuits including other armature coils. For example, the external lead wire 15 is connected by soldering or the like.

  By using the outermost layer winding end portion 12 as an external connection electrode, it is possible to eliminate a dead space corresponding to the diameter of the lead wire required when the coil is pulled out from the inner layer side through the side surface of the coil. Further, since there is no need to route external connection wiring as a tap, the armature coil can be connected by a simple process.

  When an armature coil is configured by using an even number of unit coils 10, the outermost winding end portion 12 can be used as an electrode for external connection as described above. In some cases, an armature coil must be formed by an odd number of unit coils 10 for adjustment. Even in such a case, as shown in FIG. 4, a part of the winding start portion 11 of the innermost layer is rewound, and the rewound winding start portion 11 is about 45 degrees in the axial direction of the unit coil 10. It can be pulled out and further bent along the side surface of the winding portion of the unit coil 10 and pulled out to the outermost layer side. In this case, a dead space is generated by the thickness t of the winding. However, since a thin rectangular conductor is used compared to the case of using a round conductor, the dead space can be minimized. The insulating layer 2 at the tip of the winding start portion 11 drawn out in this way can be peeled off, and the external lead wire 15 can be connected by soldering or the like.

  In the armature coil of the present invention, by connecting a large number of unit coils 10 so as to be stacked in the axial direction, an armature coil having various turns can be obtained according to the required specifications of the synchronous rotating machine without requiring an increase in the space of the slot. Can be realized. In addition, since the connection with the external wiring can be achieved simply by removing the insulating coating on the outermost layer, a simple wiring process can be realized without the need for routing for the tap wiring.

  As shown in FIG. 5, an armature coil can be configured by using four unit coils 10. The unit coils 10 are aligned in close contact with the axes of the two unit coils 10 being aligned and the winding direction being reversed. Further, the other unit coils 10 are aligned in the winding direction opposite to the winding direction of the adjacent unit coils 10 with their axes aligned. Similarly, the remaining one unit coil 10 is aligned in the direction wound in the opposite direction to the adjacent unit coil 10. The winding end portion 12 of the outermost layer of the unit coil 10 at the end where the adjacent unit coil 10 does not exist is connected to the external lead wire 15 as an electrode for external connection. The winding start portion 11 of the innermost layer of the unit coil 10 at the end where there is no adjacent unit coil 10 is connected to the winding start portion 11 of the adjacent unit coil 10 by the inner connection line 13. The unit coils 10 having the adjacent unit coils 10 may be connected to each other by the outer connecting wires 14 at the outermost winding end portions 12.

When an armature coil is configured by using an even number of unit coils 10, the winding end portion 12 of the outermost layer winding of the unit coil 10 at the end where no adjacent unit coil 10 exists is an electrode for external connection. Used as Then, the unit coils 10 can be easily connected in series by alternately connecting the winding start portions 11 and the winding end portions 12 to each other. Armature coils, so the series connection of four unit coils 10, the number of turns _{N 4} of the armature coil _becomes N 4 = 4 · _{n 0.}

  As shown in FIG. 6, an armature coil can be configured using an odd number of unit coils 10. When an odd number of unit coils 10 are used, one of the electrodes for external connection of the unit coil 10 at the end where no adjacent unit coil 10 exists, one uses the winding end portion 12 of the outermost layer, The other uses the winding start part 11 of the innermost layer.

In order to use the winding start portion 11 of the innermost layer for external connection, as shown in FIG. 4, the winding start portion 11 is once pulled out about 45 degrees in the axial direction, and then a rectangular conductor wire is wound. Pull out to the outermost layer along the surface. Then, the insulation layer 2 is peeled off and connected to the external lead wire 15. The number of turns N _{3 of the} armature coil is N ₃ = 3 · n _{0. In} general, when the number of unit coils is m, N _m = m · n ₀ can be obtained.

[Arrangement of armature coil variations]
Next, variations in the configuration of the armature coil will be described.

As shown in FIG. 7A, the electrode that is connected to the outside can be the winding start portion 11 of the innermost layer, not the winding end portion 12 of the outermost layer. By doing so, as shown in FIG. 7B, the outermost layer outer connection line 14 is kept connected, the innermost layer winding of one unit coil 10 is rewound, and the electric machine The number of turns of the child coil can be adjusted. For example, if the number of turns of the unit coil 10 that has been rewound is n ₁ , n ₀ > n ₁ and the number of turns N ₂ ′ of the armature coil is expressed as follows.

N ₂ '= n ₀ + n ₁ <N ₂

  In addition, when the electrode for external connection is pulled out from the inner layer to the outermost layer side, it is as described above, and only a dead space about the thickness of the flat conductor is generated.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when the external connection electrode is the outermost layer winding end portion 12, the outermost layer is rewound while the innermost layer conducting wire is connected to adjust the number of turns of the armature coil. Needless to say, you can.

As shown in FIG. 8A, when an odd number of unit coils 10 are used, both the winding start portion 11 and the winding end portion 12 are connected at arbitrary positions with respect to the unit coil 10 in which the adjacent unit coils 10 exist. can do. As shown in FIG. 8B, the number of turns of the armature coil can be adjusted by unwinding the outermost winding end portion 12 of the unit coil 10 at one end to reduce the number of turns. When the number of turns of the unit coil that has been rewound is n ₂ , the number of turns N ₃ ′ of the armature coil is expressed as follows.

N ₃ ′ = 2 · n ₀ + n ₂ <N ₃

  It goes without saying that the number of turns can be adjusted by rewinding the winding start portion of the innermost layer, as in the case of using the two unit coils 10 described above.

As shown in FIG. 9A, even when an armature coil is configured by using four unit coils 10, the innermost winding start portion 11 of the unit coil 10 at the end is formed as shown in FIG. 9B. The number of turns can be adjusted by rewinding. Assuming that the number of turns of the unit coil 10 at the end is n ₃ , the number of turns N ₄ ′ of the armature coil is expressed as N ₄ ′ = 3 · n ₀ + n ₃ <N ₄ .

  As described above, the number of turns can be adjusted by rewinding the winding end portion 12 of the outermost layer.

  In the above description, the number of turns is adjusted for only one of the two unit coils 10 at the end, but it is of course possible to adjust the number of turns for the unit coils 10 at the ends on both sides.

In general, the number of turns N _m of the armature coil formed by m unit coils is expressed as follows.
N _m = (m−1) · n ₀ + n _x or N _m = (m−2) · n ₀ + n _x + n _y

Here, n _x, n _y is the number of turns of the unit coil 10 of the end portion after the rewinding.

  As described above, according to the armature coil of the present invention, the number of turns of the armature coil can be adjusted almost continuously. By manufacturing many unit coils 10 of one type and stacking them in the axial direction to form an armature coil, the number of turns of the armature coil can be increased and the number of turns can be adjusted, so that the stator design can be standardized. it can. Further, the number of turns of the armature coil can be increased without increasing the circumferential direction of the ring yoke, that is, the width direction of the slot, and the output of the rotating machine can be increased in response to the increase in the number of poles.

  As will be described later, by making it possible to increase the number of poles, the armature coil can be mounted on the stator in a planar shape without being processed into a saddle shape, so that the manufacturing process of the armature coil can be simplified. .

[Cored type synchronous rotating machine]
A cored type synchronous rotating machine using the above-described armature coil will be described below.

  The cored type rotating machine has teeth formed on the inner diameter side of a ring-shaped stator (hereinafter also referred to as a ring yoke), and the teeth axis faces the rotational center of the shaft of the synchronous rotating machine. It is a synchronous rotating machine arranged like this. The armature coil has an air core portion inserted into the teeth.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a ring yoke 21 formed into an annular shape having an inner diameter R _C and an outer diameter R ₀ and formed by laminating a soft magnetic material, for example, a silicon steel plate, has a slot 22 and 2 It has teeth 22a formed by two slots. The armature coil 20 is disposed such that the air core portion is inserted into the teeth 22a and the axis of the armature coil 20 is directed toward the rotation center of the shaft 25 of the synchronous rotating machine. The armature coils 20 are inserted into all the teeth 22a corresponding to the number of stator poles arranged at equal intervals on the inner diameter side of the ring yoke 21. The rotor magnet 23 is placed on the rotor yoke 24 having a radius R _S so that the surface facing the surfaces of the teeth 22a and the armature coil 20 is separated from the surfaces of the teeth 22a and the armature coils 20 by a predetermined gap length L _Gap. Be placed. The rotor magnets 23 are arranged on the rotor yoke 24 in a ring shape at equal intervals by the number of rotor poles. The rotor yoke 24 is fixed to the shaft 25 and rotates together with the shaft.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the inner diameter of a ring yoke 21 formed by laminating silicon steel plates, the armature coil 20 in which unit coils 10 formed by winding a rectangular conductor wire in advance are connected in series as described above. Insert into the slot 22 formed on the side (insert the air core portion of the armature coil into the tooth formed by the two slots 22). Thereby, a stator can be simply constituted.

After the armature coil 20 is inserted into the slot 22 and connected to each other, for example, three armature coils for three-phase driving, the stator is molded by a transfer molding process. Then, as shown in FIGS. 11 (A) and 11 (B), the rotor magnet 23 fixed to the rotor yoke 24 with the shaft 25 and a predetermined gap L _Gap are arranged, and a core 28 is applied by applying a casing 28. A type of rotating machine can be constructed. Since the armature coil 20 is simply inserted into the slot 22 of the ring yoke 21, the assembly process of the stator becomes much easier than when the coil winding is directly wound around the slot.

The thickness of the armature coil 20 is a uniform thickness T _2, the surface to be placed in a ring yoke 21 is a rectangular plane, for example L ₂ × W _2. Therefore, the surface of the armature coil 20 facing the rotor magnet 23 made of a permanent magnet is also a square plane. Similarly, the surface of the ring yoke 21 on which the plane of the armature coil 20 is installed is also a plane. The rotor magnet 23 has a uniform thickness T _1, the surface facing the armature coil 20 is, for example, a square plane of L ₁ × W _1, thus a soft magnetic material, such as silicon steel plates The surface installed on the laminated rotor yoke 24 is also a rectangular flat surface. The rotor magnet 23 installation surface of the rotor yoke 24 is also a flat surface. Since the planar part is mounted on the planar yoke, the dimension can be set with higher accuracy than when the curved surface is processed.

  In the case of the rotating machine shown in FIG. 11, the number of stator poles is 36, and the installation surface of the armature coil 20 of the ring yoke 21 is a flat surface. In addition, since the surfaces of the 36 armature coils 20 that are annularly arranged on the ring yoke 21 are also formed by planes, the stator as a whole has a 36-gon shape. The rotor of the synchronous rotating machine shown in FIG. 11 has 48 poles, and the rotor yoke 24 forms a 48-gon. Further, the rotor magnet 23 installed on each plane of the rotor yoke 24 also has a 48-gonal shape as a whole as the rotor as a whole is a flat surface facing the armature coil 20. When the number of stator poles and the number of rotor poles are small, a parallel gap is formed only when the armature coil 20 and the rotor magnet 23 face each other, so that it is difficult to form a uniform gap as a whole. However, if the number of poles is about 30 or more, the gap is almost uniform.

  By making the connecting surfaces of the components constituting the stator and the rotor, including the armature coil, flat, it is possible to improve the dimensional accuracy and to mount with high density. Furthermore, the magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit can be made uniform, high efficiency can be realized, and it can contribute to further miniaturization and weight reduction. In addition, since the ring yoke and the armature coil are configured by a plane, there is no need to interpose an insulator between the ring yoke and the armature coil in order to improve the insulation resistance, thereby reducing the cost and the assembly process. Contributes to simplification of

  FIG. 11 shows an example of a permanent magnet type synchronous rotating machine in which a rotor magnet is added on the rotor yoke, but the rotor magnet is deleted and a rotor yoke 24 formed of laminated silicon steel plates and an armature coil are shown. By setting the gap with 20 appropriately, a synchronous reluctance motor / generator without a magnet can be obtained.

[Coreless type synchronous rotating machine]
In the above-described cored type synchronous rotating machine, the stator is formed by forming a slot in the ring yoke of the stator and embedding the armature coil in the slot. In the case of such a cored type synchronous rotating machine, the timing of the attractive force and the repulsive force is shifted due to the positional relationship between the poles of the stator and the rotor and the current phase to be energized, so that cogging torque is generated. When used as an electric motor, the cogging torque causes vibrations and noise, which in turn reduces efficiency. Further, when used as a generator, it is difficult to directly drive the generator at a low speed operation such as wind power generation. As described above, even if the influence of the cogging torque can be reduced by increasing the number of poles of the stator and the rotor, it is impossible to make it completely zero. Therefore, by using a coreless type rotating machine (slotless motor / generator) in which slots are completely eliminated from the stator, the cogging torque can be made substantially zero.

As shown in FIG. 11, the armature coil 20 is formed in an annular shape, and the shaft of the armature coil 20 is formed on the inner diameter side of a ring yoke 21 formed by laminating soft magnetic materials such as silicon steel plates. It arrange | positions so that it may go to the rotation center of a shaft. The armature coils 20 are arranged at equal intervals on the inner diameter side of the ring yoke 21 by the number of stator poles. The rotor magnet 23 is disposed on the rotor yoke 24 so that the surface facing the surface of the armature coil 20 is separated from the surface of the armature coil 20 by a predetermined gap length L _Gap . The rotor magnets 23 are arranged on the rotor yoke 24 in a ring shape at equal intervals by the number of rotor poles. The rotor yoke 24 is fixed to the shaft 25 and rotates together with the shaft 25.

  In the case of a cored type synchronous rotating machine, a slot is formed on the stator, and the armature coil can be aligned in the slot. As described above, since the connection surfaces of the components are all flat, it is possible to form slots and armature coils with high accuracy, and to perform alignment with high accuracy. However, in the case of a coreless type synchronous rotating machine having no slot on the stator, there is no positioning means called a slot (or a tooth), so how to arrange the armature coil on the stator becomes a problem.

  As shown in FIG. 12, in the case of a 36-pole stator, 36 armature coils are arranged on the circumference and are arranged at an angle of 10 degrees. A wedge-shaped positioning jig having an angle of 10 degrees is prepared between the armature coils 20, and the armature coils 20 are arranged in accordance with the positioning jig as shown in FIG. In the case of three-phase driving after arranging 36 pieces, the A phase, the B phase, and the C phase are respectively connected to the interconnection line 30 by, for example, A1, A2, A3..., B1, B2, B3. , C1, C2, C3. As shown in FIG. 12B, when these armature coils 20 have 36 poles, this corresponds to connecting 10 armature coils 20 in series for each phase without using taps. . After these connections, the armature coil ring can be formed by fixing with an adhesive or the like and filling with a transfer mold, so that the stator can be mounted by fitting the armature coil ring into the ring yoke. Can be configured. Since the armature coil is manufactured in a planar shape with high dimensional accuracy as described above, it can be easily molded by setting the positioning jig with high accuracy. In addition, by molding, the waterproofness can be improved and the rigidity can be improved.

  In the above description, the inner rotor type synchronous rotating machine has been described. However, the outer rotor type synchronous rotating machine can be similarly configured. That is, the rotor magnet is disposed on the inner diameter side of a cylindrical outer rotor formed of a silicon steel plate that is fixed to the shaft and rotates with the shaft. An armature coil, which is annularly disposed so that the shaft faces the rotation center of the shaft, is spaced from the rotor magnet by a predetermined gap length, and is disposed on a cylindrical stator formed of a silicon steel plate. The connection surfaces of the outer rotor, the rotor magnet, the armature coil, and the stator are all flat as described above.

  The armature coil described above and the rotating machine using the armature coil are for explaining specific examples, and are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and depart from the gist of the present invention. Needless to say, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Conductive wire layer, 2 Insulating layer, 10 Unit coil, 11 Winding start part, 12 Winding end part, 13 Inner connection line, 14 Outer connection line, 15 Outer lead wire, 20 Armature coil, 21 Ring yoke, 22 Slot, 22a Teeth, 23 Rotor magnet, 24 Rotor yoke, 25 Shaft, 26 Lead-out wiring, 27 Mold, 28 Casing, 30 External connection line

Claims (8)

An armature coil used in a rotating machine having a gap in the radial direction of rotation,
An air core coil that is wound by winding from the inside to the outside with the wide surface portion of the flat wire whose surface is insulated in the radial direction, and a winding start portion that is insulated and peeled in the innermost layer of the air core coil; A plurality of unit coils of the same shape having an insulation peeled winding end in the outermost layer of the air-core coil,
The two adjacent unit coils are aligned in close contact with each other so that the winding directions of two adjacent unit coils of the plurality of unit coils are reversed. An armature coil for a synchronous rotating machine, wherein the winding start portions or the winding end portions of the coil are electrically connected to each other. The plurality of unit coils are an even number of unit coils,
2. The electric machine for a synchronous rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the end portion of the end unit coil having no adjacent unit coil, which is the outermost layer of the end unit coil, is used as an electrode for leading to the outside. Child coil. The plurality of unit coils are an odd number of unit coils,
The electrode end for leading to the outside is a winding end portion that has been peeled off in the outermost layer of the first end unit coil where there is no adjacent unit coil,
2. The synchronous rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein an insulation-peeled winding start portion in the innermost layer of the second end unit coil having no adjacent unit coil is used as an electrode for leading to the outside. Armature coil for use.   When the electrode for leading the end unit coil to the outside where there is no adjacent unit coil is the insulatingly peeled winding start portion in the innermost layer, the winding start portion is adjacent to another unit coil. 2. The armature coil for a synchronous rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the armature coil for a synchronous rotating machine is bent in a radial direction along a plane in which rectangular wires are laminated after being bent in the axial direction on the non-side.   The number of turns is reduced by rewinding a rectangular wire laminated on the innermost layer or the outermost layer for one or both of the end unit coils in which no adjacent unit coil exists. 4. The armature coil for a synchronous rotating machine according to claim 1. An air core coil that is wound by winding from the inside to the outside with the wide surface portion of the flat wire having a surface insulated in the radial direction, and a flat wire in the innermost layer of the air core coil that is insulated and peeled off. A plurality of unit coils of the same shape having a start portion and a winding end portion of a rectangular wire that is insulated and peeled in the outermost layer of the air-core coil, and two adjacent unit coils of the plurality of unit coils The plurality of unit coils are aligned and closely aligned in the axial direction so that the winding directions of the two unit coils are reversed, and the winding start portions or the winding end portions of the two adjacent unit coils are electrically connected. Connected to each other, and each armature coil arranged adjacently and circumferentially,
A ring having a tooth inserted into and fixed to the air core portion of the armature coil so that the axis of the armature coil is directed toward the rotation center of the shaft of the rotating machine, and formed in an annular shape with a soft magnetic material York,
A soft magnetic material that has a surface in which the teeth into which the armature coil is inserted and a surface facing the armature coil are spaced apart by a predetermined distance and is fixed to the shaft and rotates together with the shaft. A rotor yoke formed,
Both the surface of the armature coil facing the surface of the rotor yoke and the surface of the armature coil installed on the ring yoke are flat surfaces,
The surface of the ring yoke to which the armature coil is fixed is a plane,
The synchronous rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein a surface of the rotor yoke facing the teeth and the armature coil is a flat surface. On the surface of the rotor yoke that faces the teeth and the armature coil, further includes a rotor magnet that is annularly arranged with a predetermined distance therebetween,
The synchronous rotating machine according to claim 6, wherein the rotor magnet has a flat surface facing the teeth and the armature coil and a surface fixed to the rotor yoke. An air core coil that is wound by winding from the inside to the outside with the wide surface portion of the flat wire having a surface insulated in the radial direction, and a flat wire in the innermost layer of the air core coil that is insulated and peeled off. A plurality of unit coils of the same shape having a start portion and a winding end portion of a rectangular wire that is insulated and peeled in the outermost layer of the air-core coil, and two adjacent unit coils of the plurality of unit coils The plurality of unit coils are aligned and closely aligned in the axial direction so that the winding directions of the two unit coils are reversed, and the winding start portions or the winding end portions of the two adjacent unit coils are electrically connected. Connected to each other, and an armature coil arranged annularly adjacent to each other so that each axis is directed to the rotation center of the shaft of the rotating machine,
A ring yoke formed of a soft magnetic material to fix the armature coil;
A rotor magnet disposed in an annular shape facing the armature coil and spaced apart by a predetermined gap length;
A rotor yoke formed of a soft magnetic material that is fixed to the shaft and rotates together with the shaft;
Both the surface of the armature coil facing the magnet and the surface of the armature coil installed on the ring yoke are flat.
The surface of the ring yoke on which the armature coil is installed is a plane,
Both the surface of the magnet facing the armature coil and the surface of the magnet installed on the rotor yoke are flat surfaces,
A synchronous rotating machine, wherein a surface of the rotor yoke on which the magnet is installed is a flat surface.

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