JP2013059859A - Cutting tool with chip guiding function and cutting method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting tool capable of correcting a chip curl without causing clogging and further guiding the chip by correcting the chip in a desired direction, and a cutting method thereof.
The cutting tool 1 has a guide groove 7 on a rake face 4 that extends from a cutting edge ridge line 5 and guides a chip 10. The guide groove 7 has a groove width narrower than that of the chip 10 and guides the chip 10 by inserting a part of the chip 10 on the rake face side. A cover 4 may be further provided on the rake face 4. Instead of the guide groove 7, a guide ridge may be provided.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting tool with a chip guiding function for performing turning and the like and a cutting method thereof, and more particularly to a cutting tool suitable for a material having high ductility and a cutting method thereof.

  In recent years, with the mass production and high performance of industrial products, high efficiency and high accuracy are also required in cutting. In order to realize these requirements, it is necessary to appropriately handle chips and increase the cutting speed. In the turning process, chip processability, tool life, cutting resistance, and machining accuracy are called four machinability items, and contrivances have been made to improve each. Among them, the poor processing performance of chips is the biggest factor that hinders automation due to entanglement of chips.

  In order to improve the chip processability, a chip breaker that generally breaks up and breaks up the chip curl is used (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, there has been proposed a method in which a hollow guide path for chips is formed on a rake face of a cutting tool by a cover, a pipe or the like (for example, Patent Document 1). A parting tool has also been proposed in which a guide groove is provided on the rake face through which the chip passes through the entire width (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, in a cutting tool for countersink machining, it has been proposed to provide a ridge line portion that reaches the cutting edge ridge line at the center of the rake face to prevent chips from being rolled (Patent Document 2).

  Moreover, in order to reduce cutting resistance, a method of performing turning while pulling chips has been proposed (Non-patent Document 2). When the cutting speed is increased to increase the efficiency of the cutting process, the cutting heat increases, so that the tool life is reduced and the finished surface properties are deteriorated. As a countermeasure, there is a problem of using cutting oil, but it has a problem of adversely affecting the environment. The above-described method of performing turning while pulling chips is considered to be an effective method as a method of reducing tool wear by reducing cutting resistance and cutting heat.

JP-A-52-142379 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-237005

Tool engineer editorial department "NC machine tool utilization manual" Okawa Publishing Co., Ltd., September 10, 1990, p94-95 Kazuo Nakayama: Effect of tension applied to chips during cutting, Precision Machine, 30-1 (1964) pp.46-52. Eiji Shamoto and 2 others: Elliptical vibration cutting method (1st report)-Machining principle and basic characteristics, Journal of Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 62-8 (1996) pp.1127-1131.

  When using a chip breaker, the chip has a certain degree of vulnerability, and it is necessary to cause breakage and fragmentation due to bending of the chip by utilizing the force of the chip flowing out. For this reason, it often does not function for highly ductile materials such as pressed steel and heat-resistant alloys, causing entanglement of chips and damage to the finished surface. Further, even when the chip breaker functions, periodic cutting resistance fluctuates, which may cause vibration problems and reduce machining accuracy.

  When the cutting tool rake face is formed with a hollow guide path by a cover or pipe, or with a guide groove through which the chip passes, the chip always has the same width, the same direction, and a strong curl. It is an effective method if it flows out without causing any problems. However, the chip width, direction, and curl vary depending on the cutting conditions. When the width of the hollow guide path or guide groove is widened to allow the fluctuation of the chip width, the chip curls inside and hits the inner wall surface of the hollow guide path or guide groove at an angle and gets caught. Produce. In addition, if the outflow direction is greatly deviated from the direction of the hollow guide path or the guide groove or if strong curl is generated, a catch is generated in the vicinity of the entrance of the hollow guide path or the guide groove. Therefore, chip clogging occurs and it is difficult to put it to practical use.

  Providing a ridge line at the center of the rake face is a technique that is effective in preventing chip rolls in a limited process called countersinking, and is not applicable in general turning. In other words, the original chip discharge direction, chip width, and chip generation position are determined, and the ridge line reaches the cutting edge ridge line along the chip discharge direction at the center of the chip. Therefore, it does not function in general turning in which the chip discharge direction, chip width, and chip generation position change depending on the processing conditions.

  In normal cutting, chips flow out while drawing a spiral. This is because horizontal curl and upward curl are generated during chip generation. The upward curl is a curl in a direction perpendicular to the rake face, and is generated by a secondary flow in the vicinity of the rake face of the chip due to friction between the chip and the rake face of the tool. The lateral curl is a curl in a direction parallel to the rake face, and is caused by a lateral flow on the free surface side of the chip when generating the chip. The curl in each direction and the outflow direction combine to determine a chip outflow route. As described above, each curl is caused by a different cause. Therefore, in order to correct the chip curl, it is necessary to deal with each of the upward curl and the lateral curl. In addition, in order to regulate the chip flow path, it is necessary to regulate the outflow direction together with the curl in each direction.

On the other hand, the technique of processing while pulling chips has been shown to be effective in reducing cutting resistance as basic research, but has not been put into practical use for many years because there is no practical method for pulling chips. .
As a means for pulling chips, for example, even if a roller that feeds the chips is provided, in order to guide the tip of the chips to the rollers in the early stage of chip generation, the chip flow path must be regulated. The tip of the chip cannot be caught with a roller, and cannot be put into practical use. Chips are curled and the direction of outflow varies depending on cutting conditions and the like, and thus it is difficult to regulate the outflow route.

  If high ductility chips can be guided to the desired position without breaking, not only continuous chip treatment but also a method of cutting by applying tension to the chips can be realized. Etc. and machinability in general can be improved, cutting efficiency can be improved and tool life can be extended at the same time.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool with a chip guiding function and a cutting method capable of correcting a lateral curl without causing clogging and guiding a chip in a desired direction.
Another object of the present invention is to enable reliable guide of chips by a guide groove even if cutting conditions and cutting sites are variously changed.
Still another object of the present invention is to enable reliable guide of chips to a desired location far from the cutting edge ridgeline.
Still another object of the present invention is that cutting can be performed while applying tension, cutting resistance, power, heat, etc. can be reduced, cutting efficiency can be improved, tool life can be extended, and tensile force application means. It is easy to guide the chips.
Still another object of the present invention is to make it possible to correct upward curling of chips.

The cutting tool with a chip guiding function according to the present invention has a chip extending on the rake face in a line extending in a direction away from the cutting edge ridge line from the edge of the rake face or from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line. A guiding shape portion for guiding is provided, and this guiding shape portion is a portion that is concave or convex with respect to the rake face that is narrower than the width of the chip, and a portion of the chip that flows out on the rake face. It is assumed that the plastic is deformed in the process of generating the chip and the chip is guided by fitting into the plastically deformed portion. In other words, the guide-shaped portion is a portion that is concave or convex with respect to the rake face whose width is narrower than the width of the chip, and is subjected to plastic deformation in the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line as chips on the rake face. A part of the flowing material is plastically deformed into a convex or concave shape opposite to the concave or convex shape, and fits into the plastic deformed portion to guide chips.
The guide shape portion may be a groove or a protrusion. That is, it may be a guide groove or a guide ridge. In the case of the guide groove, the chip is guided by inserting a projecting plastic deformation portion formed on the contact surface of the chip with the rake face. In the case of the guide ridge, the chip is guided by fitting into a groove-like plastic deformation portion formed on the contact surface with the rake face of the chip.

According to the cutting tool of this configuration, since the concave or convex guide shape portion narrower than the chip width is provided, the chip of the chip is generated when the chip is generated at the tip of the cutting edge (near the edge of the cutting edge). Part of the contact surface with the surface is plastically deformed by the guiding shape portion. When the plastically deformed portion fits into the guide shape portion, the chip is guided, the outflow direction of the chip is corrected, and the lateral curl of the chip is corrected. When the guide shape portion is a groove, a projecting plastic deformation portion is generated on the contact surface of the chip with the rake face, and the chip is guided by entering the projecting plastic deformation portion. When the guide-shaped portion is a ridge, a groove-shaped plastic deformation portion is formed on the contact surface of the chip with the rake face, and the chip is guided by fitting into the groove-shaped plastic deformation portion.
Since the guide-shaped part is a part that generates a plastic deformation part on the rake face side of the chip and guides it in a state of being fitted to each other, correction of the outflow direction and correction of curl are performed. Smooth guidance is possible even if the width of the door changes variously.
In a conventional guideway such as a hole or cover, the tip of the chip tries to enter the guideway without restricting the flow direction of the chip, so it is guided away from the entrance of the guideway. It is thought that clogging is likely to occur due to no contact with the inner wall surface at an angle. When the cutting conditions are changed, the outflow direction generally changes, so that it cannot be guided in the target direction, and the above-described deviation from the inlet or a hit with an angle occurs. Clogging also occurs when chips are curled in the taxiway and hit the inner wall surface.
On the other hand, according to the guide shape portion, since guidance is performed in a fitted state, not only mere guidance, but also correction of the outflow direction of chips and correction of curl are performed, so that smooth guidance without clogging is performed. Yes. In addition, the plastic deformation of the chip by the guide shape portion is performed as a part of the plastic deformation for generating the chip, and does not hinder the outflow of the chip. In addition, when performing smooth guidance, the appropriate relationship between the chip width and the width of the guide shape portion (groove width or ridge width) is limited, but smooth guidance is possible with respect to the width of the guide shape portion. The permissible width of the chip becomes wider than that of the guide path through which it passes.
Thus, since the outflow direction is corrected and the lateral curl is corrected, chips can be guided in a desired direction. For this reason, continuous chip disposal is possible even when the chip breaker does not function, such as a highly ductile material such as pressed steel, heat-resistant alloy, and soft aluminum. By improving the chip processability, automation of the ductile material is promoted, yield is improved, and processing accuracy is further improved. In addition, it is possible to realize a processing method by applying tension to the chips.
In addition, the guide shape portion such as the guide groove and the guide ridge may be formed from a cutting edge ridge line, but it is not formed on the cutting edge ridge line but is formed so as to extend from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line. It is preferable in terms of avoiding deterioration of the finished surface of the workpiece by the guide shape portion. It is preferable that the depth of the guide groove and the height of the guide ridge gradually increase or deepen as the distance from the cutting edge ridge line increases and further increases to a constant depth and a constant height.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, a plurality of guide-shaped portions such as the guide grooves and guide ridges may be provided side by side on the rake face. In the case where a plurality of strips are arranged side by side, the width of one guide-shaped portion is narrower than the width of the chip, but the width of the guide-shaped portion group in which the plurality of guide-shaped portions are arranged is larger than the width of the chip. May be wide.
From which part of the cutting edge ridge line the chip extends may vary depending on the cutting conditions. Therefore, if the guide shape portion such as the guide groove is a single strip, the chip may not be guided by the guide shape portion, but if a plurality of guide shape portions are provided side by side, The guide is effectively positioned with respect to the chip, and the chip can be surely guided by the guiding shape portion.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, a cover may be provided that covers the rake face and forms a guide path through which chips pass between the rake face and the rake face.
When machining a surface in each direction of the workpiece continuously, the relationship between the angles of the cutting tool and the workpiece surface changes variously, and there is a case where it cannot be reliably guided only by the guide groove. In such a case, if the cover is provided, it can be guided more reliably. Since correction is performed by the guide after correction by the guide groove, unlike the case of guiding only by the cover, a change in the chip discharge direction and clogging by chip curl in the guide path are prevented.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, a guide path forming member that is located farther from the cutting edge ridge line than the guide shape portion such as the guide groove and that becomes a guide path through which chips pass may be provided.
Guidance by the guide-shaped portion such as a guide groove is guide along the rake face, so it cannot be guided when it is far from the cutting edge ridge line, but by providing the guide path forming member, a desired distance from the cutting edge ridge line can be obtained. Chips can be reliably guided to locations.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, the shank portion may be provided with a tensile force applying means for pulling a chip extending from the cutting edge ridge line and guided by the guide shape section such as the guide groove in a direction away from the cutting edge ridge line. .
By providing tensile force application means and cutting while applying tension to the chip, cutting resistance, power, heat, etc. are reduced, machinability is improved in general, cutting efficiency is improved, and tool life is extended. It can be realized at the same time. If this tensile force applying means is provided in the shank part of the cutting tool, it is easier to place the tensile force applying means closer to the cutting edge ridge line than in the case of providing the tool post or tool holder, and the outflowing cutting edge. It is easy to guide the waste to the tensile force applying means, and in particular, it becomes easy to capture the tip of the chip with the tensile force applying means.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, the rake face may be a convex curved surface in which the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the cutting edge ridge line is a convex curve. In this case, a guide shape portion such as the guide groove or guide ridge may be provided and the convex curved surface may be provided, or the convex curved surface may be provided without providing the guide shape portion. What formed the said convex curved surface without providing a guide shape part turns into a cutting tool with the upward curl suppression function of the chip of Claim 9.
When the rake face is the convex curved surface, the chips follow the convex curved surface of the rake face, and upward curling is suppressed. In a normal tool, the rake face is used as a concave curved surface and an upward curl is positively generated. On the contrary, the upward curl is eliminated as a convex curved surface. Since it is a convex curved surface, it can be applied to turning in general, unlike the case of providing a ridgeline. Note that the upward curl has a relatively small influence on guiding the chip to a desired position, and therefore may be a convex curved surface when particularly necessary.

The cutting method of the present invention uses a tool having, on a rake face, a cutting edge ridge line at the edge of the rake face or a guide-shaped portion made of a groove or a ridge extending from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line as a cutting tool. Is larger than the width of the induction shape portion, and a plastic deformation portion is generated in the induction shape portion at the time of generation of the chip on the contact surface of the chip flowing out on the rake face with the rake face. Cutting is performed so that the portion fits and guides the guide shape portion.
According to this cutting method, as described for the cutting tool of the present invention, the lateral curl is corrected without causing clogging, and the chips can be further corrected and guided in a desired direction.
The cutting method of the present invention can be applied not only to turning by applying a cutting tool to a rotating workpiece but also to cutting with a milling cutter or cutting with a rotating tool such as a drill.

  The cutting tool with a chip guiding function according to the present invention has a chip extending on the rake face in a line extending in a direction away from the cutting edge ridge line from the edge of the rake face or from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line. A guiding shape portion for guiding is provided, and this guiding shape portion is a portion that is concave or concave with respect to the rake face that is narrower than the width of the chip, and a part of the chip that flows out on the rake face. Since the chip is plastically deformed when the chip is generated and fitted to the plastically deformed portion to guide the chip, the lateral curl can be corrected without clogging, and the chip is further corrected in a desired direction. Can be induced.

When a plurality of the guide shape portions are arranged on the rake face, more reliable guidance of chips by the guide shape portion is possible.
If a cover that covers the rake face and forms a guide path through which the chip passes is provided between the rake face and the rake face, the chip can be guided more reliably by the guide-shaped portion such as the guide groove. .
If a guide path forming member is provided that is located farther from the cutting edge ridge line than the guiding shape part such as the guiding groove and the inside of which is a guiding path through which the chip passes, the desired distance from the cutting edge ridge line is increased. It is possible to reliably guide chips to the location.
When a means for applying a tensile force is provided on the shank, cutting can be performed while applying tension, cutting resistance, power, heat, etc. can be reduced, cutting efficiency can be improved and tool life can be extended, and It becomes easy to guide chips to the chip processing means.
When the rake face is a convex curved surface whose cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the cutting edge ridge line is a convex curve, the upward curl of the chip is corrected.

  The cutting method according to the present invention uses a tool having a cutting edge ridge line at the edge of a rake face or a guide shape portion consisting of a groove or a ridge extending from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line on the rake face as a cutting tool. The width of the guide-shaped portion is wider than the width of the guide-shaped portion, and a plastic deformation portion is generated in the guide-shaped portion at the time of generation of the chip on the contact surface of the chip flowing out on the rake face. Since the deformed part is cut so that it fits and guides the guide-shaped part, lateral curl can be corrected without clogging, and chips are further corrected and guided in a desired direction. Can do.

(A) is explanatory drawing which shows the conceptual structure of the machine tool using the cutting tool with a chip | tip guidance function which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (B) is a perspective view of the front-end | tip of the cutting tool, (C) is the same It is a front view which shows the chip | tip and cover of a cutting tool. It is a perspective view of the cutting tool. (A), (B) is a top view of each example of the tip of the cutting tool, respectively. (A), (B) is an expanded sectional view which shows the induction groove of the cutting tool, respectively. It is a perspective view in the state where a cover was provided in the cutting tool. It is the front view and fracture | rupture top view which show the cover and a chip | tip. It is a perspective view of the state which provided the tensile force provision means in the cutting tool. It is a front view of the chip | tip and a cover used as the guide groove modification of the cutting tool. It is a fracture | rupture top view of the example which provided the guidance path formation member in the same cutting tool. It is explanatory drawing of the test method which concerns on the guide groove of the cutting tool. It is a chart which shows each test condition of the test. It is another explanatory drawing which shows the test method of the cutting tool. It is a chart which shows the test result of the test. It is a photograph which shows the test result of the test. It is explanatory drawing of the test method in the test of the upward curl of the cutting tool. It is another explanatory view of the test method. It is a graph which shows the test result of the test. It is a graph which shows the simulation result which concerns on chip tension cutting. It is a graph which shows the result of the simulation which made the rake angle differ. (A), (B) is a top view of each example of the chip | tip in the cutting tool with a chip guidance function which concerns on other embodiment of this invention, respectively. (A) is the elements on larger scale of the cutting tool of embodiment of FIG. 10 (A), (B) It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the guide protrusion and a chip | tip in the cutting tool in a cross section. It is a block diagram which shows the conceptual structure of the other machine tool using the cutting tool. It is a front view of the lathe used as the machine tool main body of the machine tool. It is a top view of the machine tool main body. It is explanatory drawing of a conceptual structure which shows the principal part of the further another machine tool using the cutting tool.

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows an outline of a machine tool with a chip processing function. This machine tool is a machine tool that applies a cutting tool 1 to a rotating workpiece W to perform cutting, and applies a tensile force to a chip 10 that flows from the cutting edge ridge line 5 of the cutting tool 1 following the workpiece W. Tensile force imparting means 11, chip guiding means 6 for guiding chips 10 with respect to this tensile force applying means 11, and chip processing means 12 for treating chips 10 that have passed through the tensile force applying means 11. Prepare. In addition, a guide path (not shown) such as a pipe that guides through the chip 10 is provided between the tensile force applying unit 11 and the chip processing unit 12. The chip processing means 12 is a device that performs a process of cutting or winding the chip 10.
The workpiece W is rotated by the main shaft 14, and the cutting tool 1 is attached to a tool post 15 that is movable in two orthogonal axes. The tensile force applying means 11 is provided in the cutting tool 1 or in the vicinity of the cutting tool 1.

  The cutting tool 1 is a cutting tool with a chip guiding function provided with the chip guiding means 6. The chip guiding means 6 includes a guide groove 7 that is a guide-shaped portion provided on the rake face 4 and a cover 8 that covers the rake face 7. Note that the cover 8 is not necessarily provided.

  This cutting tool 1 is a throw-away tool comprising a shank 2 as a shank portion and a tip 3 attached to a tip mounting seat portion 2 a at the tip of the shank 2. The tip mounting seat portion 2a is formed as a notch-shaped recess, and the tip 3 is fixed to the shank 2 with a stopper 9 such as a fixing screw inserted through a central mounting hole. The chip 3 is a part that becomes a cutting edge, and its planar shape is triangular, and the surface opposite to the mounting surface to the shank 2 is a rake surface 4. In the tip 3, each corner portion of the rake face 4 is formed in an arc shape, that is, an arc-shaped nose portion is formed, and the arc-shaped portion is formed in the cutting edge ridge line 5. For the tip 3, the cutting edge ridge line 5 at the use position 2b which is the forefront of the shank 2 is used for processing, but when the cutting edge ridge line 5 at the use position is worn, it is removed and another cutting edge ridge line 5 is used. It is used by being fixed again so as to come to 2b. The cutting edge ridge line 5 may be formed on each side of the chip 3 in addition to the arc-shaped corner portion. Further, the chip 3 may be rectangular.

  The cutting tool 1 is not limited to the throw-away tool, but may be another type of insert tool or a peel tool (also referred to as a finished tool) made entirely of the same material. A byte will be described as an example.

The guide groove 7 is a groove that extends from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line 5 and guides the chips 10, and extends from the vicinity of the corner portion of the chip 3 to the opposite side. In this embodiment, since the guide groove 7 is provided so as to be gradually deeper from the closest position of the cutting edge ridge line 5, it is shown in the drawing so as to be visible from the cutting edge ridge line 5, but the cutting edge ridge line 5 is shown. The guide groove 7 is not provided. The guide groove 7 is formed so as to gradually become deeper from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line 5 and extend at a certain depth. The guide groove 7 does not necessarily have to continue to the opposite side, and may have a shape that gradually becomes shallower and reaches the rake face 4. The guide groove 7 may be provided extending from the cutting edge ridge line 5, but it is not provided on the cutting edge ridge line 5, and the finish surface is formed by extending from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line 5. It is advantageous for the surface roughness of the finished surface without deterioration.
The guide groove 7 is a groove that guides the chip 10 by inserting a part 10a on the rake face side of the chip 10 into the groove 10 having a width narrower than that of the chip 10. Although the width of the chip 10 varies depending on the depth of cut, etc., the cutting tool 1 has conditions that can be used based on the cutting load and processing accuracy. When used in, the range is determined. The groove width of the guide groove 7 is made narrower than the width of the chip 10 generated under the proper use conditions. In this example, the guide groove 7 extends from the center of the cutting edge ridge line 5 having a planar arc shape.

  In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, for the sake of simplicity, only the guide groove 7 extending from the cutting edge ridge line 5 in the use position is shown, but in practice, as shown in FIG. It extends from the corner cutting edge ridge line 5. For this reason, the guide grooves 7 intersect each other at the center of the chip 3. The stopper 9 that stops the chip 3 forms a rake face 4 in this example, and a part of the guide groove 7 is formed there.

The cross-sectional shape of the guide groove 7 is, for example, an arc-shaped cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 4A, but in addition to this, as shown in FIG. The shape may be an arc-shaped cross section, a rectangle, or the like. The induction groove 7 is formed by, for example, electric discharge machining.
The guide groove 7 is not limited to a single line, and a plurality of lines may be provided in parallel as shown in FIGS. 3B and 4B, for example. For example, it may be 2 or 3 or 3 or more. The portions where the plurality of guide grooves 7 are formed on the rake face 4 have a corrugated cross-sectional shape. The entire surface of the rake face 4 may have a corrugated cross-sectional shape as described above. 3 (B) and 4 (B), only the guide groove 7 extending from the cutting edge ridge line 5 at one corner is shown for the sake of simplicity. A plurality of guide grooves 7 also extend from the corner edge 5 of the cutting edge. When a plurality of guide grooves 7 are provided side by side, the width of one guide groove 7 is made smaller than the width of the chip 10, but the width of the guide groove group in which the plurality of guide grooves 7 are arranged is It may be wider than the width of the scrap 10.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the cover 8 is a component that forms a tunnel-shaped guide path 16 through which the chips 10 pass between the cover 8 and the rake face 4. For example, the groove 8 a is formed on the back surface of the cover 8, and the guide path 16 is formed between the groove 8 a and the rake face 4. The guide path 16 is provided along the guide groove 7 at the use position 2b of the chip 3, and has a width that allows the chip 3 to pass with a margin. The cross-sectional shape of the guide path 16 may be rectangular or semicircular.
The cover 8 has, for example, substantially the same planar shape as the chip 3 and is fixed to the shank 2 with a stopper (not shown). When the cover 8 has substantially the same planar shape as the tip 3, an escape portion 8 b that is cut off near the corner (that is, the nose portion) near the use position 2 b of the tip 3 is used in order to avoid cutting. It is made into the shape which has.
The cover 8 may be formed flat, a wide groove (not shown) wider than the chip width may be formed on the rake face 4 of the chip 3, and the guide groove 7 may be provided on the groove bottom. Alternatively, wide grooves as described above are formed in both the cover 8 and the chip 3, and wide grooves on both sides are combined to form a guide path having a cross-sectional dimension through which the chip 10 can pass. May be.
Further, the cover 8 may extend beyond the chip 3 to the surface of the shank 2.

  As shown in FIG. 8, when a plurality of guide grooves 7 are provided side by side on the rake face 4, the guide groove 16 constituted by the cover 8 is a chip 10 guided by any guide groove 7. A cross-sectional shape that allows passage with sufficient margin.

As shown in FIG. 7, the tensile force applying means 11 includes a pair of parallel rollers 17 and 18 that can rotate with the chip 10 interposed therebetween, and a servo motor 19 that rotates one or both of the rollers 17 and 18. Consists of. In this example, the roller 18 on the lower side of the figure is directly connected to the servo motor 19 and rotated. The rollers 17 and 18 are rotatably supported by a support frame 20 via bearings (not shown), and a servo motor 19 is attached to the support frame 20. The tensile force applying means 11 is attached to the shank 2 of the cutting tool 1 via the support frame 20. The axial direction of the rollers 17 and 18 is a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the guide groove 7.
Note that the tensile force applying means 11 may be attached to the tool rest 15 (FIG. 1) or a tool holder attached to the tool rest 15 to hold the cutting tool 1 instead of being attached to the cutting tool 11.

As shown in FIG. 9, a guide path forming member 21, which becomes a guide path 21 a through which the chip 10 passes, may be provided between the guide groove 7 and the rollers 17 and 18 of the tensile force applying means 11. The guide path 21 a is provided so as to guide the chip 10 between the pair of rollers 17 and 18. In this example, the guide path forming member 21 is made of a pipe and is fixed to the shank 2. When the guide path forming member 21 is provided, the cover 8 in FIG. 5 may be omitted, or the cover 8 may be provided and the guide path forming member 21 may be further provided.
The guide path forming member 21 may be a component of the tensile force applying unit 11 by being provided on the support frame 20 of the tensile force applying unit 11. In addition, the guide path forming member 21 extends from the vicinity of the guide groove 7 in the illustrated example. However, the guide path forming member 21 may be provided only in the vicinity of the rollers 17 and 18 to serve as an inlet guide for the rollers 17 and 18. That is, the chip entrance of the tensile force applying means 11 may be configured by the guide path forming member 21. In the case where the guide path forming member 21 is not provided as the inlet guide, the chip inlet of the tensile force applying means 11 is a width portion in which the chip 10 can be sandwiched between the pair of rollers 17 and 18.

  In FIG. 1, the cross-sectional shape of the rake face 4 of the cutting tool 1 is a convex curved surface whose cross section perpendicular to the cutting edge ridge line 5 is a convex curve, as shown in FIG. The rake face 4 may be a flat surface or a concave curved surface whose cross section perpendicular to the cutting edge ridge line 5 is a concave curve.

According to the cutting tool 1 configured as described above, since the guide groove 7 narrower than the width of the chip 10 is provided, when the chip 10 is generated while being pressed against the rake face 4 during cutting, as shown in FIG. A plastic deformation portion 10 a that enters the guide groove 7 is formed as a protrusion on a part of the chip 10 on the rake face 4 side, and the plastic deformation portion 10 a that becomes the protrusion is fitted into the guide groove 7. Will be guided. From this, the outflow direction of the chip 10 is corrected, and the lateral curl is corrected. Since the guide groove 7 allows the plastic deformation portion 10a generated in a part of the chip 7 on the rake face 4 side to enter, smooth guidance is possible even if the width of the chip 10 changes variously.
In a conventional guideway such as a hole or cover, the tip of the chip tries to enter the road without restricting the flow direction of the chip, so it is not guided away from the entrance of the guideway. It is also considered that clogging is likely to occur by hitting the inner wall surface at an angle. If the cutting conditions are changed, the outflow direction generally changes, so that it cannot be guided in the direction, and the above-described deviation from the inlet and a hit with an angle occur. Clogging also occurs when chips are curled in the taxiway and hit the inner wall surface.
On the other hand, according to the guide groove 7, since the guidance is performed in a fitted state, correction of the outflow direction of chips and correction of curl are performed instead of simple guidance. Therefore, smooth guidance without clogging can be performed. In addition, formation of the plastic deformation part 10a of the chip 10 by the guide groove 7 is performed as a part of plastic deformation for chip generation, and does not hinder the outflow of the chip.
In addition, in order to perform smooth guidance, an appropriate relationship between the width of the chip 10 and the groove width of the guide groove 7 is limited, but the allowable width of the chip 10 that enables smooth guidance with respect to the groove width. However, it is wider than the taxiway that passes through. An example of a suitable groove width will be shown later as a test example.

  Thus, since the horizontal curl of the chip 10 is corrected, the chip 10 can be guided in a desired direction. For this reason, continuous chip treatment is possible even in the case of a material that does not function as a chip breaker, such as a highly ductile material such as pressed steel or a heat-resistant alloy. In addition, it is possible to realize a method of processing by applying tension to the chip 10 by the tensile force applying means 11.

  When a plurality of guide grooves 7 are provided on the rake face 4 as shown in FIGS. 3 (B) and 4 (B), even if the cutting conditions change, any one of the guide grooves 7 becomes a chip 10. On the other hand, the guidance is performed at an appropriate position, and the chip can be surely guided by the guide groove 7. That is, from which part of the cutting edge ridge line 5 the chip 10 extends may vary depending on the cutting conditions. Therefore, if the number of the guide grooves is one, the chip 10 may not be guided by the guide grooves 7. However, if a plurality of the guide grooves 7 are provided side by side, any one of the guide grooves 7 becomes the chip 10. On the other hand, it is possible to effectively guide to an appropriate position.

  When the cover 8 is provided, the chip 10 can be guided more reliably. When cutting a wide area, such as when machining the surface of each direction of the workpiece W continuously, the angle relationship between the cutting tool 1 and the workpiece surface may change variously, and the guide groove 7 alone may not be able to guide reliably. is there. In such a case, if the cover 8 is provided, it can be guided more reliably. Since correction by the guide groove 7 and regulation by the cover 8, clogging of chips in the guide path 16 due to curling of the chip is prevented unlike the case of guiding only by the cover 8.

  When the guide path forming member 21 of FIG. 9 is provided, more reliable guidance can be performed. Since the guide by the guide groove 7 is a guide along the rake face 4, it cannot be guided when it is far from the cutting edge ridge line 5, but by providing the guide path forming member 21, a desired distance from the cutting edge ridge line 5 can be obtained. The chip 10 can be reliably guided to the place.

  As shown in FIG. 16B, when the rake face 4 is a convex curved surface, the chips 10 follow the convex curved surface of the rake face 4, and upward curling is suppressed. In a normal tool, the rake face is used as a concave curved surface and an upward curl is positively generated. On the contrary, the upward curl is eliminated as a convex curved surface. Since it is a convex curved surface, it can be applied to turning in general, unlike the conventional method of providing a ridgeline. Note that the upward curl has a relatively small influence on guiding the chip 10 to a desired position, and therefore may be a convex curved surface when particularly necessary.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the guide shape portion provided on the rake face 4 of the cutting tool 1 is described as the guide groove 7. However, for example, as shown in FIGS. 7A may be provided. 20A and 20B show examples in which guide ridges 7A are provided in place of the guide grooves 7 in the chip 3 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, respectively. 20A shows an example in which one guide protrusion 7A is provided for each cutting edge ridge line 5 and FIG. 20B shows a guiding protrusion for one cutting edge ridge line 5. FIG. This is an example in which a plurality of strips 7A are arranged in parallel. In any case, the guide protrusion 7A is formed to extend from the cutting edge ridge line 5 or the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line 5 to the opposite side as in the case where the guide groove 7 is provided. The height of the guide protrusion 7A is gradually increased from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line 5, and has a shape that continues at a constant height. The guide ridge 7A does not necessarily extend to the opposite side, and may have a shape that gradually decreases toward the opposite side and continues to the rake face 4. The cross-sectional shape of the guide protrusion 7A is, for example, a semicircular shape as shown in FIG. Further, the width of the guide ridge 7 </ b> A is narrower than the width of the chip 10. The tip 3A provided with the guide protrusion 7A is attached to the shank 3 of FIG. 2 to constitute a cutting tool with a chip guide function. The tip 3A provided with the guide ridge 7A can be used in place of the tip provided with the guide groove 7 in the cutting tool 1 in the examples of the above-described drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 21B, when cutting is performed using a cutting tool having the guide protrusion 7 </ b> A, when the chips 10 are generated while being pressed against the rake face 4, the chips 10 come into contact with the rake face. A groove-shaped plastic deformation portion 10aA is generated on the surface. The guide protrusion 7A is fitted into the groove-shaped plastic deformation portion 10aA to guide the chips. For this reason, as in the case where the guide groove 7 is provided, the outflow direction of the chip 10 and the curl are corrected, and the chip 10 can be smoothly guided in a desired direction.

  Next, an example of confirming the effect of providing the guide groove 7 will be described. The test specimen was prepared by changing the groove width and cross-sectional shape of the guide groove 7 in the cutting tool 1 having the tip 3 shown in FIG. The cover 8 of FIG. 1 is not provided.

Using the cutting tool 1 having a nose radius of 0.8 mm and a cutting edge angle of 60 degrees, considering the width and thickness of the generated chip 10, the four types of guide grooves 7 shown in the diagram of FIG. The position was applied by wire cut electric discharge machining. The cutting conditions were four types shown in the chart of FIG. 13, and the cutting speed was 200 m / min, and the machining experiment was performed with the approach angle α being 15 degrees as shown in FIG.
The original chip discharge angle (see FIG. 10A) shown in FIG. 13 is an estimated value calculated based on Colwell's empirical rule. In this experiment, the target values of the chip outflow angle controlled by the guide groove 7 are all 45 degrees (see FIG. 12). For example, the original outflow angle 19 under the conditions of 0.2 mm infeed and 0.08 mm / rev feed. It is presumed that an angle change of about 26 degrees will be forced from the angle.

  The experimental results are shown in FIG. First, the case of A and B having a small groove cross section will be considered. Under the two conditions of 0.2 mm depth of cut, the side curl was suppressed compared to a normal flat tool, and the chip flow direction was generally controlled in the direction of the guide groove 7, but a completely straight cut along the guide groove 7. The waste was not discharged. This is considered to be because the position of the cutting edge ridge line 5 involved in the cutting and the position of the guide groove 7 are slightly deviated from each other. Is expected to be resolved by At a cutting depth of 0.5 mm and a feed of 0.3 mm / rev, the cutting position and the groove position coincided with each other, and as shown in the photograph in FIG. On the other hand, when the depth of cut was 1 mm and the feed was 0.2 mm / rev, chips accompanied by lateral curling flowed out along the guide groove 7. This is thought to be due to the small force required to correct chip discharge due to the small groove section. Next, in the case of groove C, chips 10 flowed out straight along the guide groove 7 under two conditions of a depth of 0.2 mm. On the other hand, in the other two conditions with a large depth of cut, the tip of the tool was damaged due to insufficient strength. In the case of groove D, incomplete chip discharge occurred under two conditions with a depth of 0.2 mm. This is probably because the groove width was too large for the chip 10. On the other hand, in the other two conditions with a large cut, the chips 10 flowed straight along the guide groove 7.

  The chip 10 that flowed straight along the guide groove 7 was confirmed to have a convex shape opposite to the groove shape on the rake face 4 side. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the outflow direction and the lateral curl of the chip 10 can be controlled by the intended mechanism at least in an appropriate condition range.

The test result of upward curl suppression will be described. As shown in FIG. 16 (B), a cutting tool was created in which the rake face 4 had a curvature opposite to the upward curl. The guide groove 7 is not provided. The approximate two-dimensional cutting shown in FIG. 15 was performed, and the change in upward curl due to the difference in curvature radius was measured. A tool with a rake face of curvature 0 (normal tool), 0.035, 0.065, and 0.17 mm ^-1 was fabricated: a machining experiment was performed five times at a cutting width of 1 mm, a cutting depth of 0.1 mm, and a cutting speed of 200 m / min. The rake angle was adjusted to be 0 degree at the tip of the cutting edge ridge line.

FIG. 17 shows the result of actually measuring the curvature of the upward curl of the chip 10 generated by each tool. The curvature of the rake face reduces the curvature of the upward curl, and when the curvature of the rake face is about 0.1 mm ^-1 (the radius of the rake face is 10 mm), no upward curl is generated. It turns out to curl.
As described above, it was confirmed that upward curling can be suppressed by giving a convex curvature to the rake face of the tool.

The effect | action by having provided the tension | tensile_strength provision means 11 is demonstrated. By providing the tensile force applying means 10 and cutting while applying tension to the chip 10, the cutting resistance, power, heat, etc. are reduced, the machinability is improved, the cutting efficiency is improved, and the tool life is improved. Extension can be realized simultaneously. In addition, processing accuracy is improved. Extending the tool life by reducing the cutting resistance means that, if the tool life is the same, it means that high-speed cutting and heavy cutting are possible, achieving higher efficiency than before. be able to. If this tensile force imparting means 11 is provided in the shank 2 of the cutting tool 1, it is easier to place the tensile force imparting means 11 closer to the cutting edge ridge line 5 than in the case where it is provided on the tool post 15 or the tool holder. Thus, the outflowing chip 10 can be easily guided to the tensile force applying means 11, and in particular, the tip of the chip 10 can be easily captured by the tensile force applying means.
The tensile force applying means 11 is composed of a pair of rollers 17 and 18 that sandwich the chip 10. Therefore, it is possible to apply tension while continuously feeding the chip 10. Further, since the servo motor 19 is used, speed control and torque control are possible, and appropriate tension can be applied.

The simulation result of tensile cutting will be described. In the tensile cutting of chips, the relationship between the apparent friction angle reduction due to chip pulling and machining power was analyzed using a simple shear angle model. The results are shown in FIGS. 18 shows a case where the rake angle is 0 degree, and FIG. 19 shows a case where the rake angle is −20 degrees. The friction angles are all 30 degrees. The processing power showed the result based on the "maximum shear stress theory" and the result based on the "minimum energy theory", which are the concepts often used for simple cutting simulation. In any theory, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, it was confirmed that the machining power was minimized when the apparent friction angle was around 0 degrees. This pulls the chip with a force that cancels the frictional force between the chip and the rake face of the cutting tool.
Therefore, by cutting while applying a pulling force so that the apparent friction angle becomes 0 degree, the processing power including the pulling force is minimized, and the frictional heat generation is reduced, so that the deterioration of the cutting tool and the processing accuracy are also reduced. It will be.

Examples of machine tools having a function of controlling the tensile force applying means 11 so that the apparent friction angle is 0 degree are shown in FIGS.
In FIG. 22, this machine tool includes a machine tool main body 30 and a processing machine control device 50. The machine tool body 30 referred to here refers to a machine part of the machine tool, that is, a part excluding the control system.

  23 and 24, the machine tool main body 30 is composed of a turret type lathe. The spindle 14 is supported on the bed 31 via a spindle head 32, and a spindle chuck 14 a that grips the workpiece W is provided at the spindle head of the spindle 14. The main shaft 14 is rotationally driven by a main shaft motor 33 composed of a servo motor or the like.

  The tool post 15 is a turret tool post having a polygonal front shape, and the cutting tool 1 is attached to any one of the outer peripheral surface portions 15 a constituting each side portion of the polygon via a tool holder 43. . The cutting tool 1 is a cutting tool 1 having a chip guiding function having a guide groove 7 and a tensile force applying means 11 shown in FIGS. The tool attached to the outer peripheral surface portion 15a of the tool post 15 may be a rotary tool (not shown) such as a drill or a milling head in addition to a cutting tool such as a cutting tool, but at least one of the above-mentioned chips The cutting tool 1 has a guidance function.

  The turret-shaped tool rest 15 is mounted on the upper feed base portion 34 b of the feed base 34 via an turret shaft 35 so as to be indexed and rotated. The feed table 34 includes a feed table base 34a and an upper feed table portion 34b. The feed table base 34a is guided on the bed 31 via a guide 36 in a horizontal direction (X-axis direction) perpendicular to the main axis direction (Z-axis direction). (Axial direction) can be moved forward and backward. The upper feed base 34b is mounted on the feed base 34a so as to be able to advance and retreat in the spindle axis direction (Z). The feed base 34 a is driven forward and backward by an X-axis servo motor 37 via a feed screw mechanism 38. The upper feed base 34 b is driven forward and backward by the Z-axis servomotor 39 via the feed screw mechanism 40. As the feed base 34a and the upper feed base 34b move forward and backward, the tool post 15 moves in two orthogonal axes. Further, the indexing motor 41 mounted on the upper feed base 34b performs the turning indexing of the tool post 15.

  This machine tool main body 30 is assumed to have the chip processing means 12 of FIG. In the illustrated example, the tool post 15 is arranged in parallel with the main shaft 14, but the tool post 15 may be arranged in a direction orthogonal to the main shaft 14 or in a facing direction. The tool post 15 is not limited to the turret type, and may be a comb-like one or one that supports only one cutting tool 1. Moreover, this machine tool with a chip disposal function is not limited to a lathe and can be applied to various machine tools using the cutting tool 1.

  FIG. 22 shows a conceptual configuration of the control system. The processing machine control device 50 includes a computer-type numerical control device and a programmable controller. The processing machine control device 50 includes a calculation control unit 51 including a CPU (central processing unit) and a memory, and a processing information storage unit 52. The processing control unit 51 executes the processing program 53 and executes a machine tool. Control of each part of the main body 30 is performed. The machining information storage means 52 has a storage unit for the machining program 53 and a parameter storage unit 54, and information on various control operations is stored as parameters in the parameter storage unit 54. The machining program 53 describes an axis movement command in the direction of each axis (X axis, Z axis) of the tool post 15, an axis movement command serving as a rotation command for the main shaft 14, and the shape of the cutting tool 1 (nose radius). The information about the tool such as the approach angle, the rake angle, and the angle when the guide groove is provided) and the information about the work W such as the material and type of the work W are described in the description part of the non-execution command.

The arithmetic control unit 51 includes a basic control unit 55, an axis movement control unit 56, and a sequence control unit 57. The basic control unit 55 reads the commands of the machining program 53 in the order of description, causes the axis movement command to be executed by the axis movement control unit 56, and transfers the sequence command of the machining program 53 to the sequence control unit 57. The sequence control unit 57 is a built-in sequence program (not shown) for controlling various sequence operations such as rotation indexing of the turret tool post 15 and opening / closing of a machine body cover (not shown) of the machine tool body 30. Follow the instructions.
The axis movement control unit 56 is a means for controlling the axis movement of the X-axis servo motor 37, the Z-axis servo motor 39, the main shaft motor 30, and the like of the machine tool main body 30. The axis movement control unit 56 has a servo control means (not shown), and uses a command value (for example, movement amount or movement speed) of an axis movement command sent from the machining program 53 via the basic control unit 55. In response, closed-loop control of each axis servo motor 37, 39, 30 is performed. For the closed loop control, information of a position detector (not shown) such as a pulse coder or an encoder provided in each axis servo motor 37, 39, 30 is used.

  In the processing machine control device 50 having such a basic configuration, the following cutting speed calculation means 58 and cutting synchronous rotation control means 59 are provided. The cutting speed calculation means 58 is a means for calculating the current cutting speed from the start to the end of cutting, and includes various information such as a machining program 53 stored in the machining information storage means 52 and an axis movement control section. The cutting speed is calculated from the current position information recognized by 56. Since the cutting speed is the peripheral speed of the workpiece W at the location where the cutting tool 1 is in contact, the cutting speed changes due to a decrease in the workpiece diameter as the cutting progresses, but the current value of each axis of the axis movement control unit 56 that performs closed loop control The current peripheral speed can be calculated and the cutting speed can be calculated from the spindle rotational speed, the command value of the machining program 53 corresponding thereto, and the data related to the tool dimensions stored in the machining information storage means 52. For example, if the tool length data L is stored in the machining information storage means 52 and the X-axis position x and the spindle rotation speed n are obtained from the axis movement control unit 56, the cutting speed calculation means 58 is used for the X-axis position x. And the tool length data L, the cutting edge position is calculated, the rotational radius of the position is calculated, and the peripheral speed is calculated from the spindle rotational speed n.

The cutting synchronous rotation control means 59 is configured so that the speed at which the chips 10 are pulled by the rotation of the rollers 17 and 18 of the tensile force applying means 11 (that is, the peripheral speed of the driving roller of the rollers 17 and 18) is the rotation of the workpiece W. Is a means for controlling the rotational speed of the servo motor 19 for rotating the roller so as to coincide with the cutting speed of cutting with the cutting tool 1. The servomotor 19 is provided with a speed detector (not shown), and the cutting synchronous rotation control means 59 performs closed loop control.
The “synchronous rotation control” referred to here is not limited to strict synchronous control, but means control for making the chip 10 pulling speed and the cutting speed substantially coincide with each other. It is sufficient that the control is performed so that they are substantially matched. For example, a tachometer is used as the speed detector of the servo motor 19. Since the servo motor 19 generally has an incremental pulse coder, speed information may be obtained from a position detector such as a pulse coder or an encoder.

  In this manner, the cutting speed calculation means 58 and the cutting synchronous rotation control means 59 are provided, and the apparent friction angle is controlled by controlling the pulling speed by the rollers 17 and 18 of the pulling force applying means 11 to coincide with the cutting speed. Cutting can be performed while applying a pulling force to approximately 0 degrees. As a result, the machining power including the pulling force is substantially minimized and the frictional heat generation is reduced, so that the deterioration of the cutting tool and the reduction of machining accuracy are also reduced. In addition, since the peripheral speed is calculated from information such as the machining program 53 and the current position information of the axis movement control unit 56, the pulling speed and the cutting speed can be controlled synchronously without adding a dedicated sensor. Configuration is enough.

  When the tension applying means 11 is composed of the rollers 17 and 18 and the servo motor 19, the presence / absence of the chip 10 between the rollers 17 and 18 is determined based on the current feedback value of the servo motor 19 (the cutting force). When the scrap starts to be pulled, a load is applied to keep the speed synchronized, and the motor torque, that is, the current is increased. Therefore, a biting confirmation means (not shown) may be provided, and a means (not shown) for generating an alarm when biting cannot be confirmed by a set time after the start of cutting may be provided.

FIG. 25 shows another example of a machine tool having a function of controlling the tensile force applying means 11 so that the apparent friction angle becomes 0 degrees. In this example, a force sensor 61 that detects a force acting on the cutting tool 1 is provided in the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line 5 of the cutting tool 1, and the tensile force imparting means 11 corresponds to the detection value of the force sensor 61. Action force corresponding rotation control means 62 for controlling the force (motor torque) for pulling the chip 10 by the rotation of the rollers 17 and 18 is provided. For example, the force sensor 61 detects the back component of the cutting force, and is embedded in the shank 2 (between the cutting tool 1 and the tensile force applying means 11). The acting force corresponding rotation control means 62 gives a torque command to the servo motor so as to cancel the output of the force sensor 61. The correspondence between the output of the force sensor 61 and the torque command value to the servo motor can be calibrated in advance. The force detected by the sensor 61 is, for example, a force generated by the friction between the chip 10 and the rake face 4. Therefore, by canceling this force, the apparent friction angle becomes 0 degree. Control of pulling the chip 10 can be performed.
The force sensor 61 is an example arranged to detect only the cutting force applied to the cutting tool 1, but this sensor detects the force applied to both the cutting tool 1 and the tensile force applying means 11. As described above, the tool shank that supports both the cutting tool 1 and the tensile force applying means 11 can be disposed between the tool rest and the like. In this case, since the mass of the portion supported by the force sensor is large, the detection responsiveness is deteriorated, but instead, the resultant force of the force applied to both the cutting tool 1 and the tensile force applying means 11 can be detected. The apparent friction angle can be accurately zeroed by increasing or decreasing the torque command value to the servomotor so that the detected value becomes zero.
In the case of this embodiment, the force sensor 61 is required, but the present invention can also be applied when the current cutting speed cannot be calculated from the stored information of the processing machine control device.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the present invention is applied to a cutting tool used for turning has been described. However, the cutting tool with a chip guiding function according to the present invention is a cutting tool that cuts a workpiece that translates, for example, a planar. It can also be applied to. Moreover, although it is difficult to apply tension to the chip 10, it can also be applied to a rotary tool such as a milling cutter, a drill, or a milling head. In the case of milling, it is necessary to cause thermal deformation of the machine due to scattering of chips, to use cutting oil more than necessary, or to continue moving machines such as conveyors. If the chip guiding function of the cutting tool with function is used, the chip can be easily collected. Further, in the case of a drill, chip clogging frequently becomes a problem. Therefore, the chip guiding function of the present invention is effective for controlling the outflow of the chip.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cutting tool 2 ... Shank 3 ... Tip 3A ... Tip 4 ... Rake face 5 ... Cutting edge ridgeline 6 ... Chip guide means 7 ... Guide groove (guide shape part)
7A ... Guide ridge (guide shape part)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 8 ... Cover 10 ... Chip 11 ... Tensile force provision means 12 ... Chip processing means 14 ... Main shaft 15 ... Tool post 16 ... Guide path 17, 18 ... Roller 19 ... Servo motor 21a ... Guide path 21 ... Guide path forming member 30 ... Machine tool main body 50 ... Processing machine control device 51 ... Calculation control unit 52 ... Machining information storage means 53 ... Machining program 58 ... Cutting speed calculation means 59 ... Cutting synchronous rotation control means 61 ... Force sensor 62 ... Action force corresponding rotation control means W ... Work

The cutting tool with a chip guiding function according to the present invention is configured to prevent chips from flowing out on the rake face in a direction away from the cutting edge ridge line from the edge of the rake face or from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line. A guide shape portion is provided that guides the chip by extending linearly without having an obstructing shape portion, and the guide shape portion is a portion that is concave or convex with respect to the rake face narrower than the width of the chip. In this case, a part of the chip flowing out on the rake face is plastically deformed in the process of generating the chip, and the chip is guided by fitting into the plastically deformed portion. In other words, the guide-shaped portion is a portion that is concave or convex with respect to the rake face whose width is narrower than the width of the chip, and is subjected to plastic deformation in the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line as chips on the rake face. a portion of the exiting material, Ru der which guides the concave or outright match fits to the plastic deformation portion is plastically deformed in the opposite convex or concave and convex debris.
The guide shape portion plastically deforms a part of the chip flowing out on the rake face so as to fit into the guide shape portion in the chip generation process, and continues the plastic deformation portion. Therefore, it is preferable to be formed so as to fit into the guide shape portion.
Upper Symbol induction shaped portion may be protruding even grooves. That is, it may be a guide groove or a guide ridge. In the case of the guide groove, the chip is guided by inserting a projecting plastic deformation portion formed on the contact surface of the chip with the rake face. In the case of the guide ridge, the chip is guided by fitting into a groove-like plastic deformation portion formed on the contact surface with the rake face of the chip.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, the rake face may be a convex curved surface in which the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the cutting edge ridge line is a convex curve. In this case, it may be as the convex curved surface provided with an induction-shaped portion such as the guide groove and induced ridges, also without providing the induction-shaped portion, yet good as the convex curved surface.
If the to peg surface was the convex curved surface, the chips are Following the convex surface of the rake face, the upward curl is suppressed. In a normal tool, the rake face is used as a concave curved surface and an upward curl is positively generated. On the contrary, the upward curl is eliminated as a convex curved surface. Since it is a convex curved surface, it can be applied to turning in general, unlike the case of providing a ridgeline. Note that the upward curl has a relatively small influence on guiding the chip to a desired position, and therefore may be a convex curved surface when particularly necessary.

Cutting method of this invention, as a cutting tool, part of the shape that prevents away to the edge cutting edge line or in the vicinity or al the edge line of the cutting edge line of the rake face, the cutting chips may flow out A tool having a guide-shaped portion consisting of a groove or a ridge that extends linearly without guiding and having a guide on the rake face, the width of the chip becomes wider than the width of the guide-shaped portion, and the rake face A plastic deformation portion is generated in the induction shape portion at the time of generation of the chip on the contact surface with the rake face of the chip flowing out upward, and the plastic deformation portion is fitted and guided to the induction shape portion. It is characterized by cutting into pieces.
According to this cutting method, as described for the cutting tool of the present invention, the lateral curl is corrected without causing clogging, and the chips can be further corrected and guided in a desired direction.
The cutting method of the present invention can be applied not only to turning by applying a cutting tool to a rotating workpiece but also to cutting with a milling cutter or cutting with a rotating tool such as a drill.

The cutting tool with a chip guiding function according to the present invention is configured to prevent chips from flowing out on the rake face in a direction away from the cutting edge ridge line from the edge of the rake face or from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line. Provided with a guide shape portion that guides the chip by extending linearly without having a portion that obstructs the shape, and this guide shape portion is a portion that is concave or concave with respect to the rake face that is narrower than the width of the chip Then, since a part of the chip flowing out on the rake face is plastically deformed at the time of generating the chip and fitted to the plastic deformation part to guide the chip, the clogging does not occur. Lateral curl can be corrected, and chips can be corrected and guided in a desired direction.

Cutting method of this invention, as a cutting tool, extending buildings groove or collision without having a partial shape prevents the vicinities these cutting edge line or the cutting edge line of the edge of the rake face, is chip flows Using a tool that has a guide-shaped portion made of strips on the rake face, the width of the chip is wider than the width of the guide-shaped portion, and this cut is formed on the contact surface with the rake face of the chip flowing out on the rake face. This is a method of cutting so that a plastic deformation portion is generated in the induction shape portion at the time of generating scraps, and this plastic deformation portion fits and guides the guide shape portion. The chip can be corrected and the chips can be further corrected and guided in a desired direction.

Claims (10)

  On the rake face, there is provided a guide shape portion that linearly extends in a direction away from the edge of the cutting edge ridge line at the edge of the rake face or near the cutting edge ridge line, and guides the chip. Is a portion that is concave or convex with respect to the rake face, the width of which is narrower than the width of the chip, and a part of the chip flowing out on the rake face is plastically deformed in the process of generating the chip. A cutting tool with a chip guiding function that fits into a plastically deformed part and guides the chip.   2. The guide groove is a guide groove, and the guide groove guides the chip by inserting a projecting plastic deformation portion formed on a contact surface with the rake face of the chip. Cutting tool with chip guidance function as described.   The guide shape portion is a guide ridge, and the guide ridge is inserted into a groove-shaped plastic deformation portion formed on the contact surface with the rake face of the chip to guide the chip. A cutting tool with a chip guiding function according to claim 1.   The cutting tool with a chip guiding function according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of the guiding shape portions are arranged on the rake face.   The cutting tool with a chip guidance function according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a cover that covers the rake face and forms a guide path through which the chip passes between the rake face and the rake face.   The chip guiding function according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a guiding path forming member that is located farther from the cutting edge ridge line than the guiding shape portion and whose inside is a guiding path through which chips pass. With cutting tool.   The tension | tensile_strength provision means which pulls the chip | tip which extends from a cutting edge ridgeline and is guided by the said induction | guidance | derivation shape part in the shank part in the direction away from a cutting edge ridgeline is provided in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 6. Cutting tool with chip guidance function.   The cutting tool with a chip guiding function according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the rake face is a convex curved surface in which a shape of a cross section perpendicular to the cutting edge ridge line is a convex curve.   A cutting tool with an upward curl suppression function for chips, wherein the rake face is a convex curved surface whose cross section perpendicular to the edge of the rake face is a convex curve.   As a cutting tool, a tool having a cutting edge ridge line at the edge of the rake face or a guide shape part formed of a groove or a ridge extending from the vicinity of the cutting edge ridge line on the rake face, the chip width is the width of the guide shape part. When the chip is generated, a plastic deformation portion is formed in the induction shape portion on the contact surface of the chip flowing out on the rake face with the induction shape portion, and the plastic deformation portion is connected to the induction shape portion. The cutting method characterized by cutting so that it may fit and guide.

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