JP2013048564A - Method for extracting placenta extract and nutrient supplement - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は哺乳動物由来のプラセンタからその有効成分を分離抽出するプラセンタエキスの抽出方法および当該抽出方法によって得られたプラセンタエキスを含有してなる栄養補給サプリメントに関する。 The present invention relates to a placenta extract extraction method for separating and extracting an active ingredient from a placenta derived from a mammal, and a nutritional supplement containing the placenta extract obtained by the extraction method.
哺乳動物の中でも有胎盤類に属する豚、馬、羊などに由来するプラセンタには、種の維持・存続に不可欠な生理活性物質が凝縮されており、医療用注射薬、一般用医薬品、薬用化粧品、一般化粧品、栄養補給のためのサプリメントなどとして広く活用されている。 Placenta derived from pigs, horses, sheep, etc. belonging to the placenta among mammals are condensed with physiologically active substances essential for species maintenance and survival, medical injections, over-the-counter drugs, medicinal cosmetics It is widely used as a general cosmetics and supplement for nutrition.
上記した各分野への利用はプラセンタをそのまま用いるのではなく、プラセンタに含まれる有用成分、すなわち、蛋白質、ペプタイド、糖、ｍｉｃｒｏＲＮＡなどを抽出したプラセンタエキスを用いることが多い。 For use in the above-mentioned fields, placenta is not used as it is, but placenta extract obtained by extracting useful components contained in placenta, that is, proteins, peptides, sugars, microRNAs, and the like is often used.
プラセンタ有用成分の抽出方法としては、酵素分解法、塩酸分解法、アルカリ抽出法、凍結融解法、精製水抽出法、熱水抽出法などこれまでにさまざまな手法が考えられている。下記特許文献１には、プロテアーゼＳ、パパインＷ−４０、プロテアーゼＮまたはプロテアーゼＰより選ばれる耐熱性中性蛋白質分解酵素を使用し、温度２５〜６５℃で酵素消化を促進させる技術が開示されている。 As extraction methods for useful placenta components, various methods such as an enzymatic decomposition method, a hydrochloric acid decomposition method, an alkali extraction method, a freeze-thaw method, a purified water extraction method, and a hot water extraction method have been considered. The following Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for promoting enzymatic digestion at a temperature of 25 to 65 ° C. using a heat-resistant neutral proteolytic enzyme selected from protease S, papain W-40, protease N or protease P. Yes.
特許文献１に開示されたプラセンタエキスの製造方法においては、通常処方、すなわち、プラセンタを２〜４℃で約４日間冷蔵し、洗浄、細挫しアセトンを加えてホモゲナイズし、脱脂・乾燥させ、当該乾燥物を塩酸を加えることによって酸性（ｐＨ２．０）にし、ペプシンで一昼夜消化し、遠心分離して消化液を採取し、沈殿物は塩酸（５Ｎ）を加えて加熱し、加水分解する。加水分解液は活性炭で脱色し、濾過後、ペプシン消化液と混ぜ、陰イオン交換樹脂で塩酸を除去し、苛性ソーダを用いてｐＨ６．１〜６．４に補正し、プラセンタエキスを得るという通常の方法によった場合は、ｐＨ調整、消化完了後の塩酸の除去など処理が煩雑になるので、当該煩雑さを解消するため、前記した特殊な耐熱性中性蛋白質分解酵素を使用するようにしたものである。 In the method for producing placenta extract disclosed in Patent Document 1, normal formulation, that is, placenta is refrigerated at 2-4 ° C. for about 4 days, washed, finely crushed, added with acetone, homogenized, degreased and dried, The dried product is acidified (pH 2.0) by adding hydrochloric acid, digested with pepsin all day and night, centrifuged to collect the digested solution, and the precipitate is heated with hydrochloric acid (5N) and hydrolyzed. The hydrolysis solution is decolorized with activated carbon, filtered, mixed with pepsin digestion solution, hydrochloric acid is removed with an anion exchange resin, pH is adjusted to 6.1 to 6.4 using caustic soda, and a placenta extract is obtained. In the case of this method, the treatment such as pH adjustment and removal of hydrochloric acid after completion of digestion becomes complicated, so that the special heat-resistant neutral proteolytic enzyme described above is used in order to eliminate the complexity. Is.
前記したように、プラセンタエキスの一般的な抽出は、プラセンタを、精製水を主体とした抽出溶媒中に入れ、酵素・酸などを用いて加熱して行うことが多い。抽出される有用成分は、蛋白質、ペプチド、アミノ酸、核酸、糖などの生体成分である。 As described above, general extraction of placenta extract is often performed by placing placenta in an extraction solvent mainly composed of purified water and heating it using an enzyme, an acid, or the like. The useful components to be extracted are biological components such as proteins, peptides, amino acids, nucleic acids, and sugars.
ところで、これらの生体成分のうち、還元糖とアミノ化合物（蛋白質、ペプチド、アミノ酸）が加温によって熱せられると、メイラード反応が生ずることが知られている。このメイラード反応が起きると、アマドリ化合物が生成される。 By the way, it is known that Maillard reaction occurs when reducing sugars and amino compounds (proteins, peptides, amino acids) among these biological components are heated by heating. When this Maillard reaction occurs, an Amadori compound is produced.
アマドリ化合物は、呈味・色調・臭いなどの各性状が好ましいものではなく、食品あるいはサプリメントなどとしての経済的価値を低減させる。なお、前記特許文献１に係るプラセンタエキスの製造方法によった場合においても、メイラード反応が起きて褐色物質（メラノイジン）が生成されるのは云うまでもない。 The Amadori compound is not preferable in various properties such as taste, color tone and odor, and reduces the economic value as a food or supplement. In the case of the placenta extract production method according to Patent Document 1, it goes without saying that the Maillard reaction occurs and a brown substance (melanoidin) is produced.
プラセンタエキスの抽出過程におけるメイラード反応に関しては、これまでのところ的確な抑制方法が提案されておらず、そのため好ましからざる性状のプラセンタエキスを已む無く用いているのが現状である。 As for the Maillard reaction in the extraction process of the placenta extract, no accurate suppression method has been proposed so far, and therefore, an unfavorable placenta extract has been used.
本発明の目的は、プラセンタエキスの抽出処理過程において生ずるメイラード反応を抑制し、呈味・色調・臭いなどの各性状を改善したプラセンタエキスの抽出方法並びに当該抽出方法によって得られたプラセンタエキスを含有してなる栄養補給サプリメントを提供することにある。 The object of the present invention is to contain a placenta extract extraction method that suppresses the Maillard reaction that occurs during the extraction process of the placenta extract and improves each property such as taste, color tone, and odor, and the placenta extract obtained by the extraction method. It is to provide a nutritional supplement.
上記課題を解決するための本発明の構成を詳述すれば、請求項１に係る発明は、哺乳動物由来のプラセンタからその有効成分を分離抽出する処理工程において、プラセンタを含む処理液中に有機ゲルマニウム微粉末を溶解させ、当該有機ゲルマニウムの存在下で抽出処理を行いメイラード反応を抑制するようにしたことを特徴とするプラセンタエキスの抽出方法である。 If the structure of this invention for solving the said subject is explained in full detail, the invention which concerns on Claim 1 will be organic in the process liquid containing a placenta in the process process which isolate | separates and extracts the active ingredient from the placenta derived from a mammal. A placenta extract extraction method characterized by dissolving germanium fine powder and performing an extraction treatment in the presence of the organic germanium to suppress the Maillard reaction.
請求項２に係る発明は、前記有機ゲルマニウムが、カルボキシゲルマニウムセスオキシド（Ｇｅ−１３２）である請求項１に記載のプラセンタエキスの抽出方法である。 The invention according to claim 2 is the placenta extract extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the organic germanium is carboxygermanium sesoxide (Ge-132).
請求項３に係る発明は、前記プラセンタを含む処理液中における前記有機ゲルマニウムの溶解濃度が０．０１ｐｐｍ〜１００ｐｐｍの範囲内、好ましくは０．１ｐｐｍ〜１０ｐｐｍの範囲内である請求項１または請求項２のいずれかに記載のプラセンタエキスの抽出方法である。 In the invention according to claim 3, the dissolution concentration of the organogermanium in the processing solution containing the placenta is in the range of 0.01 ppm to 100 ppm, preferably in the range of 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm. The placenta extract extraction method according to any one of 2 above.
また、請求項４に係る発明は、前記処理工程が、酵素分解、塩酸分解、アルカリ抽出、凍結融解、精製水抽出、熱水抽出から選ばれた１または２以上の抽出処理法を含む請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれかに記載のプラセンタエキスの抽出方法である。 The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the treatment step includes one or more extraction treatment methods selected from enzymatic decomposition, hydrochloric acid decomposition, alkali extraction, freeze-thawing, purified water extraction, and hot water extraction. It is the extraction method of the placenta extract in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3.
さらに、請求項５に係る発明は、請求項１ないし請求項４のいずれかに記載のプラセンタエキスの抽出方法によって得られたプラセンタエキスを含有してなる栄養補給サプリメントである。 The invention according to claim 5 is a nutritional supplement containing the placenta extract obtained by the method for extracting placenta extract according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
本発明に係るプラセンタエキスの抽出方法によれば、プラセンタを含む処理液中に一定濃度で溶存させた有機ゲルマニウムがメイラード反応の抑制因子として作用し、従来製法によるプラセンタエキスと較べて呈味・色調・臭いなどの各性状が改善されたプラセンタエキスを提供することができる。 According to the method for extracting placenta extract according to the present invention, organogermanium dissolved at a constant concentration in a treatment solution containing placenta acts as a suppressor of the Maillard reaction, and taste and color tone compared to placenta extract obtained by a conventional method. -A placenta extract with improved properties such as odor can be provided.
以下、本発明に係るプラセンタエキスの抽出方法および当該抽出方法によって得られたプラセンタエキスを含有してなる栄養補給サプリメントの具体的構成を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, a specific configuration of a placenta extract extraction method and a nutritional supplement supplement containing the placenta extract obtained by the extraction method according to the present invention will be described in detail.
前記したように、哺乳動物由来のプラセンタ中の有用成分の抽出には複数の方法が存在する。しかしながら、いずれの抽出方法によった場合でも、その処理過程においてｐＨの変動や、加熱などが生じ、還元糖とアミノ化合物（蛋白質、ペプチド、アミノ酸）が反応を起こし褐色物質が生じる。このメイラード反応は、糖とアミノ基との結合に始まり、シッフ塩基を経てアマドリ生成物に至る反応である。アマドリ生成物はプラセンタエキスの性状にとって好ましいものではない。 As described above, there are a plurality of methods for extracting useful components in placenta derived from mammals. However, in any of the extraction methods, pH fluctuations, heating, and the like occur during the treatment process, and a reducing sugar and an amino compound (protein, peptide, amino acid) react to produce a brown substance. This Maillard reaction is a reaction that starts with a bond between a sugar and an amino group and then reaches a Amadori product via a Schiff base. Amadori products are not preferred for the properties of placenta extract.
本発明はプラセンタエキスの抽出過程において生じるメイラード反応を抑制して良好な性状のプラセンタエキスを提供するものであり、哺乳動物由来のプラセンタからその有効成分を分離抽出する処理工程において、プラセンタを含む処理液中に有機ゲルマニウム微粉末を溶解させ、当該有機ゲルマニウムの存在下で抽出処理を行うことを内容とするものである。 The present invention provides a placenta extract having good properties by suppressing the Maillard reaction that occurs during the extraction process of placenta extract. In the process of separating and extracting the active ingredient from placenta derived from mammals, a process comprising placenta The content is to dissolve the organic germanium fine powder in the liquid and perform the extraction treatment in the presence of the organic germanium.
有機ゲルマニウムには、トリアルキルゲルミルアセテート、カルボキシゲルマニウムセスオキシド、ジメチル（ポルフィリネイト）ゲルマニウムなど複数が知られているが、その中でも安全性に優れるカルボキシゲルマニウムセスオキシド（Ｇｅ−１３２）が本発明の実施にとって最も好ましい。メイラード反応は、アミノ基と糖が存在すれば自然に起きる反応であり、有機ゲルマニウムの添加は抽出の初期段階が好ましい。 A plurality of organic germaniums such as trialkylgermyl acetate, carboxygermanium sesoxide, and dimethyl (porphyrinato) germanium are known. Among them, carboxygermanium sesoxide (Ge-132) having excellent safety is disclosed in the present invention. Most preferred for implementation. The Maillard reaction is a reaction that naturally occurs if an amino group and a sugar are present, and the addition of organogermanium is preferably in the initial stage of extraction.
プラセンタを含む処理液中における前記有機ゲルマニウムの溶解濃度は０．０１ｐｐｍ〜１００ｐｐｍの範囲内であれば、メイラード反応の抑制効果を得ることができるが、より好ましくは０．１ｐｐｍ〜１０ｐｐｍの範囲内である。 If the dissolution concentration of the organic germanium in the treatment liquid containing placenta is in the range of 0.01 ppm to 100 ppm, the effect of suppressing the Maillard reaction can be obtained, but more preferably in the range of 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm. is there.
処理液中の下限濃度を０．０１ｐｐｍとしたのは、これ以下の濃度ではメイラード反応を抑制する効果がほとんど得られないことが判明したからであり、上限濃度を１００ｐｐｍとしたのは、これ以上の高濃度とした場合はプラセンタを含む処理液の酵素分解が阻害され抽出効率が低下することが判明したからである。なお、最も好ましい濃度範囲は０．１ｐｐｍ〜１０ｐｐｍであり、メイラード反応を良好に抑制できることが各種実験の結果確認された。 The reason why the lower limit concentration in the treatment liquid was set to 0.01 ppm was that it was found that an effect of suppressing the Maillard reaction was hardly obtained at a concentration lower than this, and the upper limit concentration was set to 100 ppm. This is because it has been found that when the concentration is high, the enzymatic decomposition of the treatment liquid containing the placenta is inhibited and the extraction efficiency is lowered. The most preferable concentration range is 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm, and it was confirmed as a result of various experiments that the Maillard reaction can be satisfactorily suppressed.
豚の冷凍プラセンタを自然解凍し、黒子などの不要部分を切除してから脱血・水洗い後、細刻機を用いてプラセンタをミンチ状にした。
一方、精製水を用いてカルボキシゲルマニウムセスオキシド（Ｇｅ−１３２）の０．１％水溶液を作製した。当該０．１％水溶液を、さらに精製水を用いて５０００倍に希釈し、カルボキシゲルマニウムセスオキシド（Ｇｅ−１３２）の０．２ｐｐｍ水溶液を作製した。
The frozen placenta of the pig was naturally thawed, and unnecessary parts such as kuroko were removed.
On the other hand, a 0.1% aqueous solution of carboxygermanium sesoxide (Ge-132) was prepared using purified water. The 0.1% aqueous solution was further diluted 5000 times with purified water to prepare a 0.2 ppm aqueous solution of carboxygermanium sesoxide (Ge-132).
次いで、前記ミンチ状プラセンタと同量となるように前記０．２ｐｐｍ水溶液を計量して、両者を等量均一に混ぜ合わせた（Ｇｅ−１３２として０．１ｐｐｍに相当）。 Next, the 0.2 ppm aqueous solution was weighed so as to have the same amount as the minced placenta, and both were equally mixed together (corresponding to 0.1 ppm as Ge-132).
その後、緩衝バッファーを用いてｐＨ７．０に調整し、中性プロテアーゼを用い攪拌しながら最適温度（４８℃）付近で１０時間酵素分解を行った。 Thereafter, the pH was adjusted to 7.0 using a buffer buffer, and enzymatic degradation was performed at about the optimum temperature (48 ° C.) for 10 hours while stirring using a neutral protease.
前記酵素分解後、遠心分離機にて沈殿成分を除去し、０．２μのメンブレンフィルタにて無菌濾過を行い本発明に係るプラセンタエキス（検体）を得た。
なお、対照としては、有機ゲルマニウム微粉末を溶解させない通常の精製水を用いて、前記と同一条件にて酵素分解を行って得たプラセンタエキスを用いた。
After the enzymatic decomposition, the precipitated components were removed with a centrifuge, and aseptic filtration was performed with a 0.2 μm membrane filter to obtain a placenta extract (specimen) according to the present invention.
As a control, placenta extract obtained by performing enzymatic degradation under the same conditions as described above using ordinary purified water that does not dissolve organic germanium fine powder was used.
本発明方法によって得たプラセンタエキス（検体）と、常法によって得たプラセンタエキス（対照）とを、分光光度計を用いて、可視光線（３８０ｎｍ〜７５０ｎｍ）の吸光度を測定した。その結果、図１および図２に示すように本発明方法によって得たプラセンタエキス（検体）の場合は、常法によって得たプラセンタエキス（対照）と較べて黄色（５８０ｎｍ）で１０％、青色（４７０ｎｍ）で２０％の吸光度の低下が確認された。 The placenta extract (specimen) obtained by the method of the present invention and the placenta extract (control) obtained by a conventional method were measured for the absorbance of visible light (380 nm to 750 nm) using a spectrophotometer. As a result, in the case of the placenta extract (specimen) obtained by the method of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, yellow (580 nm) is 10%, blue ( (470 nm), a 20% decrease in absorbance was confirmed.
分光光度計を用いた色の評価により、有機ゲルマニウム水の存在下で抽出を行ったプラセンタエキスは有意に色調が薄く、メイラード反応が抑えられていることが明らかとなった。 Evaluation of the color using a spectrophotometer revealed that the placenta extract extracted in the presence of organic germanium water was significantly lighter in color and suppressed the Maillard reaction.
次に、本発明方法によって得たプラセンタエキス（検体）と常法によって得たプラセンタエキス（対照）の臭いの官能検査を実施した。その方法は１２名のパネルによる二重盲検法によった。 Next, a sensory test was conducted on the odor of the placenta extract (specimen) obtained by the method of the present invention and the placenta extract (control) obtained by a conventional method. The method was double-blind with a panel of 12 people.
その結果、１２名中１１名が本発明方法によって得たプラセンタエキス（検体）の方が、常法によって得たプラセンタエキス（対照）より好ましい臭いであるとの回答であった。なお、残りの１名については識別不明であった。
当該臭いの官能検査によって、本発明方法によって得たプラセンタエキスは有意に臭いが少なく、メイラード反応が抑えられていることが判った。
As a result, 11 out of 12 respondents said that the placenta extract (specimen) obtained by the method of the present invention had a better odor than the placenta extract (control) obtained by the conventional method. The remaining 1 person was unknown.
The sensory test of the odor revealed that the placenta extract obtained by the method of the present invention has significantly less odor and the Maillard reaction is suppressed.
さらに、本発明方法によって得たプラセンタエキス（検体）と常法によって得たプラセンタエキス（対照）の呈味についての官能検査を実施した。その方法は１２名のパネルによる二重盲検法によった。 Furthermore, a sensory test was conducted on the taste of the placenta extract (specimen) obtained by the method of the present invention and the placenta extract (control) obtained by a conventional method. The method was double-blind with a panel of 12 people.
当該１２名のパネルに対し、検体および対照のどちらの方が好ましい呈味であるか質問したところ、１２名全員が本発明方法によって得たプラセンタエキスを選択した。
この呈味についての官能検査により、有機ゲルマニウム水を添加して抽出を行ったプラセンタエキスは有意に呈味が良好であり、メイラード反応が抑えられていることが判明した。
When the panel of 12 people asked whether the sample or the control had a better taste, all 12 people selected the placenta extract obtained by the method of the present invention.
This sensory test on taste revealed that the placenta extract extracted by adding organic germanium water had significantly better taste and suppressed Maillard reaction.
本発明方法によって得たプラセンタエキスは、たとえばスプレードライ法などによって噴霧し、急速乾燥させて粉末状となし、これをソフトカプセル内に充填するなどして栄養補給あるいは美容用のサプリメントとして提供することができる。 The placenta extract obtained by the method of the present invention can be sprayed by, for example, a spray drying method, rapidly dried to form a powder, filled in a soft capsule, and provided as a nutritional supplement or a cosmetic supplement. it can.
Claims (5)
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