JP2013040670A - Impact damper - Google Patents

Abstract

An impact damper capable of flexibly adjusting a gap between a movable mass and an inner surface of a housing by a simple operation is provided.
A housing 14 fixed in contact with a vibration control object 12, a movable mass 16, a spring 18, an upper level adjusting mechanism 22, an upper contact material 24, a lower level adjusting mechanism 26, and a lower side. The contact material 28 and the protrusion 30 are provided, and by adjusting the height of the upper level adjustment mechanism 22, the gap d1 between the upper contact material 24 and the ceiling surface 14a of the housing 14 is adjusted, and the lower The first impact damper 10 in which the gap d2 between the lower contact material 28 and the protrusion 30 is adjusted by adjusting the height of the side level adjusting mechanism 26.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an impact damper that reduces vibration by causing a movable mass to collide with an object to be controlled.

In the impact damper, a movable mass elastically supported by a spring is placed in a housing fixed in contact with a damping object such as a bridge or a floor of a building, and in response to vibration of the damping object. The movable mass collides with the inner surface of the housing, so that the vibration is attenuated.
JP 2006-348996 A

In the case of an impact damper with such a structure, in order to ensure a sufficient damping effect, an optimal gap is set between the inner surface of the housing and the movable mass according to the amplitude of the damping object. It is extremely important that the amplitude is affected by the structure of the vibration control object, the type of vibration source, the surrounding environment, etc., so it is necessary to finely adjust the gap for each vibration control object. is there.
However, a conventional shock damper does not have a mechanism for finely adjusting the gap, and the gap cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the characteristics of the object to be damped, so that a sufficient damping effect is obtained. There was a problem that it could not be obtained.
In addition, when it is necessary to evaluate the vibration of the object to be controlled by acceleration, the conventional shock damper structure has a problem that the starting acceleration cannot be set.

The present invention has been devised to solve such a conventional problem, and provides an impact damper capable of flexibly adjusting a gap between a movable mass and an inner surface of a housing by a simple operation. Is the first purpose.
A second object of the present invention is to provide an impact damper capable of easily setting the starting acceleration.

In order to achieve the above object, an impact damper according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a housing that is fixed in contact with the object to be controlled, a movable mass housed in the housing, and an elastic support for the movable mass. A spring, a first level adjusting mechanism attached to one surface of the movable mass, or an inner surface of the housing opposite to the movable mass, and a first contact material attached to the surface of the first level adjusting mechanism; A second level adjustment mechanism attached to the opposite surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing opposite to the movable mass, and a second contact material attached to the surface of the second level adjustment mechanism, By adjusting the height of the first level adjusting mechanism, the gap between the one surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing facing the movable mass and the first contact material is adjusted. In addition, by adjusting the height of the second level adjusting mechanism, the gap between the opposite surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing facing the movable mass and the second contact material is adjusted. It is characterized by that.
The “inner surface of the housing” includes convex portions (protrusions) and concave portions provided on the inner surface of the housing (the same applies hereinafter).

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an impact damper comprising: a housing that is fixed in contact with the object to be damped; a movable mass housed in the housing; a spring that elastically supports the movable mass; A first level adjustment mechanism attached to the inner surface of the housing opposite to the first level adjustment mechanism, a first contact material attached to the surface of the first level adjustment mechanism, and an opposite surface of the movable mass, or A second level adjusting mechanism attached to the inner surface of the housing facing the housing; and a second contact material attached to the surface of the second level adjusting mechanism. By adjusting the height, the contact force between one surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing facing the movable mass and the first contact material is adjusted, and the second level is adjusted. By adjusting the height of the Le adjusting mechanism, it is characterized in that the inner surface of the housing to the opposite surface or opposite thereto of the movable mass, the gap between the second contact material is adjusted.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an impact damper comprising: a housing that is contacted and fixed to an object to be damped; a movable mass housed in the housing; a spring that elastically supports the movable mass; Or a level adjustment mechanism attached to the inner surface of the housing facing the housing, and a contact material attached to the surface of the level adjustment mechanism, and by adjusting the height of the level adjustment mechanism, the movable The contact force between one surface of the mass or the inner surface of the housing facing the mass and the contact material is adjusted.

  The impact damper according to claim 4 is based on the impact damper according to claims 1 to 3, and there are a plurality of dominant frequencies in the vibration generated in the vibration control object, and some of them are controlled. When the frequency is the dominant frequency and the rest is the uncontrollable frequency, the spring tuned to one of the uncontrolled frequency is used. It is characterized by that.

  The impact damper according to claim 5 is based on the impact damper according to claims 1 to 4, and the level adjusting mechanism further includes a first wedge-shaped plate member, a second wedge-shaped plate member, and a third wedge-shaped plate member. A laminated body, biasing means for biasing the first wedge-shaped plate member and the third wedge-shaped plate member in a joining direction, and an adjusting bolt engaged with the second wedge-shaped plate member; The position of the second wedge-shaped plate member reciprocates between the first wedge-shaped plate member and the third wedge-shaped plate member in accordance with the rotation of the adjustment bolt, and the first wedge-shaped plate member and the third wedge-shaped It is characterized in that the distance between the plate members increases or decreases.

  In the case of the impact damper according to claim 1, the first level adjusting mechanism is interposed between one surface of the movable mass and the inner surface of the housing, and the first level adjustment mechanism is interposed between the opposite surface of the movable mass and the inner surface of the housing. Since the two level adjustment mechanisms are interposed, the gap between the movable mass and the inner surface of the housing can be easily set to an arbitrary value by adjusting the height of each level adjustment mechanism.

  In the case of the impact damper according to claims 2 and 3, the contact force of the movable mass with respect to the inner surface of the housing can be adjusted by a level adjusting mechanism interposed between one surface of the movable mass and the inner surface of the housing. It is possible to set the starting acceleration of the impact damper to an arbitrary value.

  In the impact damper according to claim 4, when a plurality of dominant frequencies exist in the vibration generated in the vibration suppression target, a spring tuned to the dominant frequency outside the control target is used. Therefore, it is possible to improve the starting characteristics of the impact damper.

  In the case of the impact damper according to claim 5, the second wedge-shaped plate member reciprocates between the first wedge-shaped plate member and the third wedge-shaped plate member in accordance with the rotation of the adjusting bolt. Since the level adjustment mechanism has a structure that changes the distance (= height) between the wedge-shaped plate member and the third wedge-shaped plate member, the gap between the movable mass and the inner surface of the housing can be adjusted very easily. It becomes.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a basic structure of a first impact damper 10 according to the present invention. A housing 14 is fixed in contact with a vibration control object 12 such as a bridge or an elevated road, and is disposed in the housing 14. Movable mass (weight) 16, compression coil spring 18 that elastically supports the movable mass 16, damping mechanism 20 including an oil damper and a dashpot provided as necessary, and a fixed arrangement on the surface of the movable mass 16 The upper level adjusting mechanism 22, the metal upper contact material 24 provided on the surface of the upper level adjusting mechanism 22, the lower level adjusting mechanism 26 disposed and fixed on the back surface of the movable mass 16, and the lower level adjusting mechanism 26. A metal lower contact material 28 provided on the surface of the side level adjusting mechanism 26 and a protrusion 30 formed on the bottom surface 14b of the housing 14 are provided.

  A predetermined gap d1 is provided between the upper contact material 24 and the ceiling surface 14a of the housing 14. Also, a predetermined gap d2 is provided between the lower contact material 28 and the protrusion 30.

The number of the upper level adjusting mechanism 22 and the upper contact material 24 to be installed is not particularly limited, and any number can be provided.
Similarly, the number of the lower level adjusting mechanism 26, the lower contact material 28, and the protrusions 30 is not limited.

  FIG. 2 (a) shows a specific configuration example of the upper level adjusting mechanism 22, and includes a first wedge-shaped plate member 40 whose upper surface is inclined, and a second wedge-shaped plate member 42 whose upper and lower surfaces are inclined. A laminated structure in which the third wedge-shaped plate member 44 whose lower surface is inclined is arranged in three layers. Further, the first wedge-shaped plate member 40, the second wedge-shaped plate member 42, and the third wedge-shaped plate member 44 are connected to the first wedge-shaped plate member 40 and the first wedge-shaped plate member 40 via an urging pin (not shown) mounted with a spring. The third wedge-shaped plate members 44 are connected in a state of being biased in a direction in which the third wedge-shaped plate members 44 are joined (a direction in which the mutual interval is narrowed).

An adjustment bolt 46 is screwed onto the second wedge-shaped plate member 42, and when this adjustment bolt 46 is rotated in one direction, as shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 2 (c), the second The wedge-shaped plate member 42 moves in a direction (left direction in the drawing) between the first wedge-shaped plate member 40 and the third wedge-shaped plate member 44, and the entire height h (first wedge-shaped plate member) The distance between the surface of 40 and the surface of the third wedge-shaped plate member 44) increases.
On the other hand, when the adjusting bolt 46 is rotated in the opposite direction, the second wedge-shaped plate member 42 moves away from between the first wedge-shaped plate member 40 and the third wedge-shaped plate member 44 (right direction in the drawing). Since the gap between the first wedge-shaped plate member 40 and the third wedge-shaped plate member 44 is narrowed by the action of the biasing pin, the overall height h is reduced.

Since the configuration of the upper level adjustment mechanism 22 is known per se, further explanation is omitted.
The configuration of the lower level adjustment mechanism 26 is the same as that of the upper level adjustment mechanism 22 and is merely a difference in which the installation direction is opposite.
Note that the level adjusting mechanism is not limited to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, and other devices having a function of freely adjusting the height can be used as a matter of course.

After the first impact damper 10 is installed on the vibration control object 12, when the vibration control object 12 vibrates due to the passage of the vehicle or the like, the movable mass 16 vibrates up and down in response to this, and the upper contact material 24 Collides with the ceiling surface 14a of the housing 14. As a result, a force is applied in a direction to cancel the vibration of the vibration control object 12.
Next, the movable mass 16 moves in the opposite direction, and the lower contact material 28 collides with the protrusion 30 erected on the bottom surface 14 b of the housing 14. As a result, a force is applied in a direction to cancel the vibration of the vibration control object 12.
By repeating the above operation, the vibration of the vibration control object 12 is gradually reduced.

In the case of this type of shock damper, in order to maximize the vibration damping effect, it is necessary to optimize the gap between the movable mass and the housing inner surface according to the amplitude of vibration generated in the vibration damping object. Necessary.
That is, when the amplitude is relatively large, it is required to set the gap relatively large, and when the amplitude is relatively small, it is required to set the gap relatively small. Adjustment in order is required.

On the other hand, in the case of the first impact damper 10, the gaps d1 and d2 can be arbitrarily set by simply rotating the adjustment bolts 46 of the upper level adjustment mechanism 22 and the lower level adjustment mechanism 26 in the necessary direction. The value can be fine-tuned.
For this reason, it is possible to analyze the data of vibration generated in the vibration control object 12 in advance and set the optimum gaps d1 and d2 individually before shipping from the factory.
Alternatively, it is possible to easily and quickly correct the gaps d1 and d2 while measuring data indicating the vibration suppression effect at the installation site.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing a second impact damper 50 according to the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the second impact damper 50 is characterized in that the upper contact material 24 is in contact with the ceiling surface 14a of the housing 14 before the operation is started, and no gap d1 is provided between them. Yes, other configurations are not different from the first impact damper 10. For this reason, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same member and duplication description is abbreviate | omitted.

In the case of the second impact damper 50, the movable mass 16 starts to operate for the first time when vibration that causes an inertial force greater than the contact force of the upper contact material 24 to the ceiling surface 14a of the housing 14 occurs. Will work.
For this reason, the adjustment bolt 46 of the upper level adjustment mechanism 22 is rotated by a necessary amount in the necessary direction, and the contact acceleration between the upper contact material 24 and the ceiling surface 14a of the housing 14 is adjusted, so that the starting acceleration can be arbitrarily set. It can be set to a value.
Specifically, when the contact force is f (N) and the movable mass is m, the starting acceleration a (m / s ² ) is obtained by the following equation.
a = f / m

Even in the second impact damper 50, a predetermined gap d2 is formed between the lower contact material 28 and the protrusion 30, and the adjustment bolt 46 of the lower level adjustment mechanism 26 is required in the required direction. The gap d2 can be adjusted to an arbitrary width by rotating it an amount.
Therefore, by optimizing the gap d2 to the amplitude of the vibration control object 12, the vibration suppression effect can be enhanced.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a third impact damper 60 according to the present invention. As shown, the lower level adjusting mechanism 26, the lower contact material 28 and the protrusion 30 are removed from the second impact damper 50. It has a structure.
Similarly to the second impact damper 50, the third impact damper 60 also has no gap d1 formed between the upper contact material 24 and the ceiling surface 14a of the housing 14, and is in a contact state before the start of operation. Has been made.
For this reason, the adjustment bolt 46 of the upper level adjustment mechanism 22 is rotated by a necessary amount in the necessary direction, and the third impact damper is adjusted by finely adjusting the contact force between the upper contact material 24 and the ceiling surface 14a of the housing 14. The starting acceleration of 60 can be set to an arbitrary value.

  In the case of the third impact damper 60, the lower level adjusting mechanism 26, the lower contact material 28, and the lower collision portion made up of the protrusion 30 are not provided, so that vibration control is performed as compared with the second impact damper 50. Although it cannot be denied that it is inferior in terms of effect, instead, it is possible to exhibit a certain damping effect over a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes.

Next, a method for selecting the spring 18 in the first impact damper 10 will be described.
As a premise, when the natural frequency of the spring 18 is not synchronized with any dominant frequency, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), since the input external force is relatively small, a preset movable gap When the response displacement amount of the movable mass 16 is smaller than the range d (gap d1, d2), the upper contact material 24 does not collide with the ceiling surface 14a of the housing 14, and the lower contact material 28 is a protrusion. It does not collide with 30 and cannot function as an impact damper.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, when the vibration control object 12 has a dominant frequency that is not controlled, the spring 18 that is synchronized with the dominant frequency that is not controlled is selected.

Specifically, the dominant frequency not to be controlled is substituted into “f ₀ ” of the following equation, and the mass that the spring 18 should support (movable mass 16, upper level adjustment mechanism 22, upper contact) is substituted into “m”. The total weight of the material 24, the lower level adjusting mechanism 26, and the lower contact material 28) is substituted, and the value of “k”, which is the spring constant of the spring 18, is obtained.
k = (2πf ₀ ) · m
Next, the spring 18 having this spring constant is attached to the first impact damper 10.

  As described above, even when a relatively small external force is applied by synchronizing the natural frequency of the spring 18 with the dominant frequency outside the control target, as shown in FIG. First, the movable mass 16 of the impact damper 10 is greatly displaced in response to the dominant vibration that is not controlled, and thus easily reaches the movable gap range d. As a result, the first contact material 24 and the second contact material 28 collide with the ceiling surface 14a and the protrusion 30 of the housing 14, and the vibration can be effectively damped.

  Also in the case of the second shock damper 50 and the third shock damper 60, the natural frequency of the spring 18 must be tuned to a dominant frequency other than the control target among the dominant frequencies that are two or more. Therefore, a great advantage can be obtained.

For example, when the natural frequency of the spring 18 of the second impact damper 50 is not synchronized with any dominant frequency, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), the acceleration is lower than the preset starting acceleration. If only this occurs, the second impact damper 50 does not operate and vibrations cannot be reduced effectively.
On the other hand, when the natural frequency of the spring 18 of the second impact damper 50 is tuned to the dominant frequency outside the control target, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), it resonates with the dominant vibration outside the control target. In response, the acceleration component is added, so that the set value of the starting acceleration is easily exceeded.
Although not shown, the same reasoning applies to the third impact damper 60.

In the above, the example in which the upper level adjustment mechanism 24 and the lower level adjustment mechanism 26 are provided on the front surface and the back surface of the movable mass 16 is shown, but the present invention is not limited to such a configuration, and at least one of them May be provided on the housing 14 side.
FIG. 8 shows an example. In the first impact damper 10, the upper level adjusting mechanism 24 is attached to the ceiling surface 14a side of the housing 14, and the upper contact material 24 is attached to the surface thereof. The adjustment mechanism 26 is attached to the surface of the protrusion 30 and the lower contact material 28 is attached to the surface.

In this case as well, the gap d1 between the upper contact material 24 and the upper surface of the movable mass 16 can be finely adjusted by rotating the adjustment bolt 46 of the upper level adjustment mechanism 22.
Further, by rotating the adjusting bolt 46 of the lower level adjusting mechanism 26, the gap d2 between the lower contact material 28 and the lower surface of the movable mass 16 can be finely adjusted.

  Although not shown, in the first shock damper 10 or the second shock damper 50, either the upper level adjustment mechanism 24 or the lower level adjustment mechanism 26 is attached to the inner surface side of the housing 14, and the other is movable. You may comprise so that it may attach to the mass 16 side.

  Although not shown, in the third impact damper 60, the upper level adjusting mechanism 24 may be attached to the ceiling surface 14a side of the housing 14, and the upper contact material 24 may be attached to the surface thereof.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows the basic structure of the 1st impact damper which concerns on this invention. It is a side view which shows the specific structural example of an upper level adjustment mechanism. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the basic structure of the 2nd impact damper which concerns on this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the basic structure of the 3rd impact damper which concerns on this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the response displacement of the movable mass in a 1st impact damper, and the movable clearance range. It is a graph which illustrates the existence of a plurality of dominant frequencies in a controlled object. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the response acceleration of the movable mass in a 2nd impact damper, and starting acceleration. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the modification of the 1st impact damper which concerns on this invention.

10 First shock damper
12 Object to be controlled
14 Housing
16 Moving mass
18 Spring
20 Damping mechanism
22 Upper level adjustment mechanism
24 Upper contact material
26 Lower level adjustment mechanism
28 Lower contact material
30 Protrusion
40 First wedge-shaped plate member
42 Second wedge-shaped plate member
44 Third wedge-shaped plate member
46 Adjustment bolt
50 Second shock damper
60 Third shock damper

Claims (5)

A housing fixed in contact with the object to be controlled;
A movable mass housed in the housing;
A spring that elastically supports this movable mass;
A first level adjusting mechanism attached to one surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing opposite to the movable mass;
A first contact material attached to the surface of the first level adjustment mechanism;
A second level adjusting mechanism attached to the opposite surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing opposite to the movable mass;
A second contact material attached to the surface of the second level adjustment mechanism,
By adjusting the height of the first level adjusting mechanism, the gap between the one surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing facing the movable mass and the first contact material is adjusted, and By adjusting the height of the second level adjusting mechanism, the gap between the opposite surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing facing the movable mass and the second contact material is adjusted. Shock damper. A housing fixed in contact with the object to be controlled;
A movable mass housed in the housing;
A spring that elastically supports this movable mass;
A first level adjusting mechanism attached to one surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing opposite to the movable mass;
A first contact material attached to the surface of the first level adjustment mechanism;
A second level adjusting mechanism attached to the opposite surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing opposite to the movable mass;
A second contact material attached to the surface of the second level adjustment mechanism,
By adjusting the height of the first level adjusting mechanism, the contact force between one surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing facing the movable mass and the first contact material is adjusted, By adjusting the height of the second level adjustment mechanism, the gap between the opposite surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing facing the movable mass and the second contact material is adjusted. Characteristic impact damper. A housing fixed in contact with the object to be controlled;
A movable mass housed in the housing;
A spring that elastically supports this movable mass;
A level adjusting mechanism attached to one surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing opposite to the movable mass;
With a contact material attached to the surface of this level adjustment mechanism,
An impact damper, wherein a contact force between one surface of the movable mass or the inner surface of the housing facing the movable mass and the contact material is adjusted by adjusting a height of the level adjusting mechanism.   When there are multiple dominant frequencies in the vibration generated in the vibration suppression object, some of them are the dominant frequencies to be controlled, and the rest are the uncontrolled frequencies. The impact damper according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a spring is used that is tuned to any one of the dominant frequencies that are not controlled. The level adjustment mechanism is
A laminated body in which the first wedge-shaped plate member, the second wedge-shaped plate member, and the third wedge-shaped plate member are stacked;
An urging means for urging the first wedge-shaped plate member and the third wedge-shaped plate member in a joining direction;
An adjustment bolt engaged with the second wedge-shaped plate member,
The position of the second wedge-shaped plate member reciprocates between the first wedge-shaped plate member and the third wedge-shaped plate member in accordance with the rotation of the adjustment bolt, and the space between the first wedge-shaped plate member and the third wedge-shaped plate member The impact damper according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the distance of the shock absorber increases or decreases.

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