JP2012530351A - 燃料電池システムを運転するためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムを運転するためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
アノード電荷移動: CO3 =+H2→H2O+CO2+2e−および
全反応: H2+0.5O2→H2O
一酸化炭素が燃料ガス中に存在する場合、下の化学反応が電池中の電気化学反応を記述している。
アノード電荷移動: CO3 =+H2→H2O+CO2+2e−および
CO3 =+CO→2CO2+2e−
全反応: H2+CO+O2→H2O+CO2
アノードとカソードの間に電流を流れさせるために、電気負荷または貯蔵装置をアノードとカソードの間に接続することができる。電流は、電気負荷に電力を供給または貯蔵装置に電力を供給する。
本発明は、
溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノード部に分子状水素を含む水素含有流を供給すること;
アノードにおける分子状水素の利用率が50%未満であるようにアノードへの水素含有流の流量を制御すること;
溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池からの分子状水素を含むアノード排気を炭化水素を含む炭化水素流と混合し、前記炭化水素流と混合されたアノード排気が500℃から700℃までの温度を有すること;
アノード排気と炭化水素流の混合物の少なくとも一部を触媒と接触させて、1つまたは複数のガス状炭化水素、分子状水素および少なくとも1つの酸化炭素を含む水蒸気改質供給燃料を生産すること;
水蒸気改質供給燃料から分子状水素の少なくとも一部を分離すること;
ならびに
分離された分子状水素の少なくとも一部を、分子状水素を含む水素含有流の少なくとも一部として溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノードに供給すること
を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池を運転する方法を対象とする。
アノードにおける水素利用率が50%未満であるような流量で分子状水素を含む水素含有流を受け入れるように構成されている溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池;
少なくとも1つの改質装置が溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池からのアノード排気および炭化水素を受け入れるように構成されており、アノード排気が炭化水素と十分に混合することを可能にして炭化水素の一部を少なくとも部分的に改質して、改質生成物流を生産するように構成され、改質生成物流が分子状水素および少なくとも1つの酸化炭素を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に作動可能に連結された1つまたは複数の改質装置;ならびに
改質装置の少なくとも1つの一部でありまたはこれに連結されており、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に作動可能に連結され、1つまたは複数の高温水素分離膜を含み、改質生成物流を受け入れ、分子状水素の少なくとも一部を含む流れを溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に供給するように構成されている高温水素分離装置
を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池システムを対象とする。
「局所過剰二酸化炭素」は、y方向(幅)の対称が推定される場合の標準化距離にわたる水素利用率1パーセント当たりの溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池の二酸化炭素の分圧差の値(ΔPCO2(local))を意味する。局所過剰二酸化炭素は、ΔPCO2(x)=(PCO2 c)(x)−(PCO2 a)(x)により計算され、xは、アノードコンパートメントの長さに沿った標準化距離である。
熱燃焼流は、実質的な量の二酸化炭素を含み得るが、窒素ガスおよび水も含み得る。触媒部分酸化改質装置20を出た熱燃焼流は、少なくとも750℃から1050℃までまたは800℃から1000℃までまたは850℃から900℃までの範囲にある温度を有し得る。熱燃焼ガスからの熱は、熱交換器22において水素含有ガス流および/または該熱交換器において酸化剤含有ガス流と交換され得る。図2に示すように、触媒部分酸化改質装置20を出た燃焼流からの熱の少なくとも一部は、管路96を経て熱交換器98において第1の改質装置14と交換され得る。
非限定的な実施例を下に示す。
V=E−iR (1)
ここで、VおよびEは、ボルトまたはミリボルトの単位を有し、iは、電流密度(mA/cm2)であり、R(Ωcm2)は、式(2)に示すように電解質、カソードおよびアノードを一緒に合わせたオーム(Rohm)、カソード(ηc)およびアノード(ηa)抵抗の組合せである。
R=Rohm+ηc+ηa (2)
Eは、以下のネルンスト式から得られる。
E=E゜+(RT/2F)ln(PH2PO2 0.5/PH2O)+(RT/2F)ln(PCO2 c/PCO2 a) (3)
Claims (10)
- 分子状水素を含む水素含有流を溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノード部に供給すること;
アノードにおける分子状水素利用率が50%未満であるようにアノードへの水素含有流の流量を制御すること;
溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池からの分子状水素を含むアノード排気を炭化水素を含む炭化水素流と混合し、前記炭化水素流と混合されたアノード排気が500℃から700℃までの温度を有すること;
アノード排気と炭化水素流との混合物の少なくとも一部を触媒と接触させて、1つまたは複数のガス状炭化水素、分子状水素および少なくとも1つの酸化炭素を含む水蒸気改質供給燃料を生産すること;
水蒸気改質供給燃料から分子状水素の少なくとも一部を分離すること;
ならびに
分離された分子状水素の少なくとも一部を、分子状水素を含む水素含有流の少なくとも一部として溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノードに供給すること
を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池を運転する方法。 - 水素含有流が少なくとも0.6または少なくとも約0.95モル分率の分子状水素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 炭化水素流の炭化水素の少なくとも一部が少なくとも4の炭素数を有する1つまたは複数の揮発性炭化水素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソード部の大部分における二酸化炭素の分圧が溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノード部の大部分における二酸化炭素の分圧より高くなるような量で溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソード部に二酸化炭素を供給することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソード部の入口または排気出口における二酸化炭素の分圧と溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノード部の排気出口における二酸化炭素の分圧との差が少なくとも絶対圧0.05バールまたは少なくとも絶対圧0.1バールまたは少なくとも絶対圧0.15バールである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソード部に供給される二酸化炭素の少なくとも一部が高温水素分離装置により供給される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 酸化炭素の少なくとも1つおよびガス状炭化水素の少なくとも1つを含む水素枯渇ガス流の少なくとも一部を水蒸気改質供給燃料から分離するステップ、分離された水素枯渇流の少なくとも一部を酸化剤と接触させて加熱流を生じさせるステップ、および加熱流からの熱の少なくとも一部をアノード排気および/または炭化水素を含む炭化水素流に供給するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 空気および二酸化炭素を溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソードに供給し、空気は分子状酸素を含み、二酸化炭素と分子状酸素のモル比が少なくとも2であるように空気および/または二酸化炭素の流量を制御することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノードにおける1つまたは複数のアノード電極において溶融炭酸塩アノードに供給された分子状水素の少なくとも一部を酸化剤と混合し、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池から少なくとも0.1W/cm2の電力密度の電気を発生させることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アノードにおける水素利用率が50%未満であるような流量で、分子状水素を含む水素含有流を受け入れるように構成されている溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池;
少なくとも1つの改質装置が溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池からのアノード排気および炭化水素を受け入れるように構成されており、アノード排気が炭化水素と十分に混合することを可能にして炭化水素の一部を少なくとも部分的に改質して、改質生成物流を生産するように構成され、改質生成物流が分子状水素および少なくとも1つの酸化炭素を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に作動可能に連結された1つまたは複数の改質装置;ならびに
改質装置の少なくとも1つの一部でありまたはこれに連結されており、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に作動可能に連結され、1つまたは複数の高温水素分離膜を含み、改質生成物流を受け入れ、分子状水素の少なくとも一部を含む流れを溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に供給するように構成されている高温水素分離装置
を含む、溶融炭酸塩システム。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US18753909P | 2009-06-16 | 2009-06-16 | |
| US61/187,539 | 2009-06-16 | ||
| PCT/US2010/038492 WO2010147885A1 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-06-14 | Systems and processes of operating fuel cell systems |
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| JP2012530351A true JP2012530351A (ja) | 2012-11-29 |
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| JP2012516162A Pending JP2012530351A (ja) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-06-14 | 燃料電池システムを運転するためのシステムおよび方法 |
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| EP (1) | EP2443690A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2012530351A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20120048560A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102804471A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2764117A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI464955B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2010147885A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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| JP2016512917A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-09 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および炭素捕捉 |
| JP2020537807A (ja) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-12-24 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニーSaudi Arabian Oil Company | 炭化水素施設において高純度co2を捕捉するための方法およびシステム |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2016512917A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-09 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および炭素捕捉 |
| JP2016513865A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-16 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および化学製造 |
| JP2016515297A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-26 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および炭素捕捉 |
| JP2016517616A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-16 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および炭素捕捉 |
| JP2016517617A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-16 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および化学製造 |
| JP2020537807A (ja) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-12-24 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニーSaudi Arabian Oil Company | 炭化水素施設において高純度co2を捕捉するための方法およびシステム |
| JP7333778B2 (ja) | 2017-10-11 | 2023-08-25 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | 炭化水素施設において高純度co2を捕捉するための方法およびシステム |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010147885A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
| TW201108498A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
| KR20120048560A (ko) | 2012-05-15 |
| CA2764117A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
| EP2443690A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
| EP2443690A4 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
| TWI464955B (zh) | 2014-12-11 |
| CN102804471A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
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