JP2012508810A - フルオロスルホネート - Google Patents
フルオロスルホネート Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012508810A JP2012508810A JP2011536424A JP2011536424A JP2012508810A JP 2012508810 A JP2012508810 A JP 2012508810A JP 2011536424 A JP2011536424 A JP 2011536424A JP 2011536424 A JP2011536424 A JP 2011536424A JP 2012508810 A JP2012508810 A JP 2012508810A
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- Prior art keywords
- agent
- polymerization
- fluoropolymer
- formula
- dispersion
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluorosulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- -1 NH 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010702 perfluoropolyether Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 48
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 35
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 21
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 6
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 6
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012985 polymerization agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N (+)-α-limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 4
- GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohex-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=C GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OUJSWWHXKJQNMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-4-iodobut-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(I)C(F)(F)C=C OUJSWWHXKJQNMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-carboxypropanoylperoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCC(O)=O MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 3
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- JILAKKYYZPDQBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-1,4-diiodobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(I)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)I JILAKKYYZPDQBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LILPOSVDSDEBCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiocyanatoethyl thiocyanate Chemical compound N#CSCCSC#N LILPOSVDSDEBCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSYRISKCBOPJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole Chemical compound FC1=C(F)OC(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)O1 YSYRISKCBOPJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PYLIXCKOHOHGKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;hydrogen phosphate;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O PYLIXCKOHOHGKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QBEWJJSQJWLVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10-icosafluoro-1,10-diiododecane Chemical compound FC(F)(I)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)I QBEWJJSQJWLVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOQDDLBOAIKFQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-dodecafluoro-1,6-diiodohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(I)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)I JOQDDLBOAIKFQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYMQYPBAGDZNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-[1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propan-2-yl]oxybenzene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F QYMQYPBAGDZNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBBZLMLLFVFKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diiodoethane Chemical compound ICCI GBBZLMLLFVFKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOSFMYBATFLTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-amino-3-(benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC(O)CN)C=NC2=C1 AOSFMYBATFLTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQUPUSQWHHBXAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group CC=C.FC(F)=C(F)Cl IQUPUSQWHHBXAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEEJGKOZOSHKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-ethoxypropane;sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O.CCOC(C)COC=C PEEJGKOZOSHKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMGNVALALWCTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-(2-fluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC=COC=CF JMGNVALALWCTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMLNXDAOGWHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-4-[1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propan-2-yl]oxybutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)OC(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)OC(F)=C(F)F QMMLNXDAOGWHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFJVDJWCXSPUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(difluoromethylidene)-4,4,5-trifluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound FC(F)=C1OC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)O1 RFJVDJWCXSPUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(=C)C(F)(F)F QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXABMDQSAABDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOC=C ZXABMDQSAABDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001780 ECTFE Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001198 elastomeric copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene Chemical group C=C.FC(F)=C(F)F QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Abstract
Rf(CH2CF2)m−(CH2)nSO3M (1)
の化合物の存在下において、水性媒体中でフッ化ビニリデン以外の少なくとも1種のフッ素化オレフィンモノマーを重合する工程を含む方法であって、
式中、
RfはC1〜C4の直鎖または分岐のペルフルオロアルキル基であり、
mは1〜6の整数であり、
nは0〜4であり、
MはH、NH4、Li、NaまたはKである方法、および
液体の表面挙動を変更する方法であって、前記液体に式(1)の化合物の組成物を添加する工程を含む方法を提供する。
Description
Rf(CH2CF2)m−(CH2)nSO3M (1)
の化合物の存在下において水性媒体中でフッ化ビニリデン以外の少なくとも1種のフッ素化オレフィンモノマーを重合させる工程を含む方法を含み、式中、
Rfは、C1〜C4の直鎖または分岐のペルフルオロアルキル基であり、
mは、1〜6の整数であり、
nは、0〜4であり、
Mは、H、NH4、Li、NaまたはKである。
Rf(CH2CF2)m−(CH2)nSO3M (1)
の化合物を含み、式中、
Rfは、C1〜C4の直鎖または分岐のペルフルオロアルキル基であり、
mは、1〜6の整数であり、
nは、0〜4であり、
Mは、H、NH4、Li、NaまたはKである。
材料
テトラフルオロエチレンは、E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company(Wilmington,DE)から入手した。オレフィンは商用グレードの材料であり、E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company(Wilmington,DE)から入手したものを使用した。フッ化ビニリデンは、Solvay Solexus,Inc.(West Deptford,NJ)から入手した。他の試薬は、例えばAldrich Chemical Co.(Milwaukee,WI)から市販されていた。開始剤の過硫酸アンモニウムは、Sigma−Aldrich Corporation(St.Louis,MO)から購入した。
C4F9CH2CF2I(217g、0.87mol)およびd−(+)−リモネン(1g)で満たしたオートクレーブに、エチレン(25g、0.53mol)を導入し、次いで、この反応器を12時間にわたり240℃で加熱した。生成物であるC4F7CH2CF2CH2CH2Iを、約81〜91℃にて19〜24mmHg(2533〜3200Pa)での真空蒸留により62%の収率で得た。C4F7CH2CF2CH2CH2I(140g、0.33mol)を、エタノール(165mL)と水(165mL)との混合物に添加した。亜硫酸ナトリウム(83g、0.66mol)を添加し、続いて8gの銅を添加した。この反応混合物を、還流下で1週間にわたり激しく攪拌した。500mLの水を加え、75℃で濾過した。濾液を冷却し、生成物であるC4F7CH2CF2CH2CH2SO3Naを、濾過により白色固体(112g、84%)として回収した。
C4F9CH2CF2I(217g、0.87mol)およびd−(+)−リモネン(1g)で満たしたオートクレーブに、エチレン(25g、0.53mol)を導入し、次いで、この反応器を12時間にわたり240℃で加熱した。生成物であるC4F7CH2CF2CH2CH2Iを、約81〜91℃にて19〜24mmHg(2533〜3200Pa)での真空蒸留により62%の収率で得た。チオシアン酸カリウム(potassium thiocynate)(21.34g、0.22mol)を、C4F7CH2CF2CH2CH2I(50g、0.11mol)と50gの水中のトリオクチルメチルアンモニウムクロリド(0.2222g)との混合物に添加した。反応を、一晩中90℃で加熱した。相の分離後、生成物であるC4F7CH2CF2CH2CH2SCNを、蒸留により無色液体(38g、95%)として得た。沸点84〜85℃/0.7torr。
試験方法1−表面張力測定
表面張力を、Kruess Tensiometer,K11 Version 2.501を使用して装置の取扱説明書に従って測定した。ウィルヘルミープレート法を用いた。周長が既知の垂直板を天秤に取り付け、濡れによる力を測定した。各希釈について10回の反復試験を行い、以下の機械設定を用いた:方法:プレート法SFT;時間:1.0秒;濡れ長さ:40.2mm;読み限界:10;最小標準偏差:2dyn/cm;重力加速度:9.80665m/s2。
1Lステンレス反応器を、蒸留水(450mL)、C4F9CH2CF2CH2CH2SO3Na(3.0g)、リン酸水素二ナトリウム(0.4g)および過硫酸アンモニウム(0.4g)で満たし、続いてテトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)(40g)およびヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)(140g)を導入した。この反応器は、攪拌下で8時間にわたり70℃で加熱した。反応器から取り出したポリマーエマルションを、飽和MgSO4水溶液で凝固させた。ポリマー沈殿物を濾過により回収し、温水(70℃)で数回洗浄した。真空オーブン(100mmHg、13300Pa)において100℃にて24時間にわたり乾燥させた後に、34gの白色ポリマーを得た。Tm:249.08℃;組成19F NMR(mol%):HFP/TFE(12.8/87.2)。
29.6gのC4F9CH2CF2CH2CH2SO3Naと、18.5gのリン酸水素二ナトリウム七水和物と、24,900gの脱イオン脱酸素水との溶液を、40L反応器に投入した。この溶液を80℃まで加熱した。微量酸素の除去後、この反応器を、4.2重量%のフッ化ビニリデン(VF2)と、85.8重量%のヘキサフルオロプロペン(HFP)と、10.0重量%のテトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)との2441gの混合物で加圧した。加圧終了時の反応器圧力は、2.0MPaであった。この反応器を1%過硫酸アンモニウムと5%リン酸水素二ナトリウム七水和物との50.0mLの開始剤溶液で満たして重合を開始した。反応器圧力が低下するに従って、35.0重量%のフッ化ビニリデンと、37.0重量%のヘキサフルオロプロペンと、28.0重量%のテトラフルオロエチレンとの混合物を反応器に供給して、2.0MPaの圧力を維持した。45gのこのモノマー混合物を供給した後、37.29mol%の1,4−ジヨードペルフルオロブタンと、46.38mol%の1,6−ジヨードペルフルオロヘキサンと、11.98mol%の1,8−ジヨードペルフルオロオクタンと、3.76mol%の1,10−ジヨードペルフルオロデカンとの26.0gの混合物を反応器に投入した。追加の開始剤溶液を添加して、重合速度を維持した。3700gのモノマー混合物を添加した後、4−ヨード−3,3,4,4−テトラフルオロブテン−1(ITFB)を、モノマー1000g当たり5.0gのITFBという供給割合で反応器に導入した。合計127mLの開始剤溶液、20.4gのITFBおよび15.5時間に相当する、合計8333gの追加の主要モノマーを供給した後、モノマーおよび開始剤の供給を停止した。反応器を冷却し、反応器内の圧力を大気圧まで減少させた。結果として生じたフルオロエラストマーラテックスは、24.7重量%の固形物の固形分、4.0のpH、およびBI−9000 Particle Sizing(Brookhaven Instruments Corporation)により測定された312nmの平均粒径を有していた。このラテックスを硫酸アルミニウム溶液で凝固させ、脱イオン水で洗浄し、乾燥させた。このフルオロエラストマーは、0.43dl/gの内部粘度、64のムーニー粘度(ML(1+10))を有し、34.3重量%のVF2、36.9重量%のHFP、28.5重量%のTFE、および0.22重量%のIを含んでいた。
上記の手順により作製した化合物2を、試験方法1に従う表面張力測定において使用した。その結果を表1に示す。
フルオロケミカルとして式F(CF2)6CH2CH2OHのペルフルオロアルキルエチルアルコールを使用した以外は、上記実施例3の手順を用いた。生成物を水に添加し、試験方法1を用いて表面張力について試験した。その結果を表1に示す。
1Lステンレス反応器を、蒸留水(450mL)、C4F9CH2CF2CH2CH2SO3Na(4.0g)、リン酸水素二ナトリウム(0.4g)、および過硫酸アンモニウム(0.4g)で満たし、続いてテトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)(46g)およびペルフルオロ−(メチルビニルエーテル)(PMVE)(39g)を導入した。この反応器を、攪拌下で8時間にわたり70℃で加熱した。ポリマーエマルションを反応器から取り出し、飽和MgSO4水溶液で凝固させた。ポリマー沈殿物を濾過により回収し、温水(70℃)で数回洗浄した。真空オーブン(13300Pa)において100℃にて24時間にわたり乾燥させた後に、56gの白色ポリマーを得た。Tg:−7.3℃;組成19F NMR(mol%):PMVE/TFE(25.3/74.7)。
Claims (10)
- 式(1):
Rf(CH2CF2)m−(CH2)nSO3M (1)
の化合物の存在下において、水性媒体中でフッ化ビニリデン以外の少なくとも1種のフッ素化オレフィンモノマーを重合させてフルオロポリマーの水性分散体を生成する工程を含む方法であって、式中、
Rfは、C1〜C4の直鎖または分岐のペルフルオロアルキル基であり、
mは、整数1〜6であり、
nは、0〜4であり、
Mは、H、NH4、Li、NaまたはKである
方法。 - 前記式(1)の化合物が、前記水性媒体中の水の重量に基づき約0.01%〜約10%の量で前記水性媒体中に存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 形成された前記フルオロポリマーの水性分散体が、少なくとも約10重量%のフルオロポリマー固形分を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水性媒体が、ペルフルオロポリエーテル油を実質的に含まず、前記水性媒体が、重合開始時にフルオロポリマーシードを実質的に含んでいない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記重合が、生成されるフルオロポリマーの総重量に基づき約10重量%未満の非分散フルオロポリマーを生成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フッ素化オレフィンモノマーが、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、およびペルフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フルオロポリマーがエラストマーである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 液体の表面挙動を変更する方法であって、前記液体に式(1):
Rf(CH2CF2)m−(CH2)nSO3M (1)
の化合物の組成物を添加する工程を含み、式中、
Rfは、C1〜C4の直鎖または分岐のペルフルオロアルキル基であり、
mは、整数1〜6であり、
nは、0〜4であり、
Mは、H、NH4、Li、NaまたはKである
方法。 - 前記表面挙動が、濡れ、帯電防止、消泡、浸透、展着、レベリング、流動、乳化、分散、撥液(repelling)、剥離、潤滑、エッチング、結合、および安定化からなる群より選択され、前記液体が、コーティング組成物、電池組成物、消火剤、ラテックス、ポリマー、床仕上剤(floor finish)、インク、乳化剤、起泡剤、剥離剤、撥液剤(repelling agent)、流れ調整剤、皮膜蒸発抑制剤、湿潤剤、浸透剤、洗浄剤、粉砕剤、電気めっき剤、腐食防止剤、エッチング剤溶液、半田剤、分散助剤、微生物剤、パルプ化助剤、すすぎ助剤、艶出剤、パーソナルケア組成物、乾燥剤、帯電防止剤、床艶出剤(floor finish)、または結合剤である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記液体が、強酸性の、酸化性または還元性の媒体である、請求項8に記載の方法。
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| US12/270,148 US7989568B2 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2008-11-13 | Fluorosulfonates |
| US12/270,148 | 2008-11-13 | ||
| PCT/US2009/063949 WO2010056688A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-11-11 | Fluorosulfonates |
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| US9126889B2 (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-09-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | Fluorosurfactants having improved biodegradability |
| CL2014003398A1 (es) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-08-07 | Leyton Nelson Roberto Osses | Composición limpiadora que remueve y previene la incrustación y reincrustación de superficies metálicas; y metodo para remover y prevenir las incrustaciones de superficies metalicas. |
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| TWI793193B (zh) | 2017-10-10 | 2023-02-21 | 海浚國際貿易有限公司 | 製造液 |
| WO2019073755A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-11 | 2019-04-18 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | フルオロスルホン酸リチウムの製造方法 |
| CN112266343B (zh) * | 2020-12-02 | 2025-12-30 | 应急管理部消防产品合格评定中心 | 一种全氟己基乙基磺酸钠的合成方法 |
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|---|---|
| US20100121025A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
| EP2346908A1 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
| US20110245135A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
| WO2010056688A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| US8703998B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
| CA2736967A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| KR20110095312A (ko) | 2011-08-24 |
| US7989568B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 |
| CN102216345B (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
| AU2009314171A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| CN102216345A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
| JP5513514B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 |
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