JP2012221210A - Information processor, electronic apparatus and image processing system - Google Patents

Abstract

By encrypting secret information and mixing images with different security levels and printing them as printed matter, only a user or device permitted to browse can view the secret information.
By selecting a part of a document input / edited by a text editor of an information processing apparatus and performing an operation for instructing encryption, the selected part can be encrypted. When this image data is printed on a paper medium or the like, the encrypted portions 201 and 202 are encrypted like the printed material 200. In the encrypted part, authentication information for authenticating the user or the device is included in an encrypted form. When the printed matter 200 is photographed by a mobile terminal device with a camera and the authentication information is input, the mobile terminal device includes the encrypted part. Decrypt and display the original image before encryption on the display unit. As a result, the encrypted information can be decrypted only by a correctly authenticated user or device, and security can be improved.
[Selection] Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus, an electronic apparatus, and an image processing system, and more specifically, an information processing apparatus that encrypts image data to be printed on a paper medium, and the encrypted image data is read, decrypted, and output. The present invention relates to an electronic device and an image processing system including the information processing apparatus and the electronic device.

  For example, meeting materials for distribution to conference participants are generally distributed as printed materials printed on paper media. In addition, conference materials and the like often include secret information that should not be leaked to the outside. However, when a meeting material or the like is created using a printed material on paper medium, the printed material may flow out to the outside, and there is a risk that confidential information may leak out. Therefore, it is not recommended that confidential information be printed on a paper medium and distributed.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an encrypted print processing technology that protects data between a driver and a printer while maintaining print processing performance. Yes.
In this encrypted printing process, when encryption is specified for a part of print data, the client determines a function supported by the printer. If the printer supports partial encryption, the designated portion is encrypted, the portion is specified by a PDL command or an XML tag, and is transmitted to the printer. The printer decodes it and prints it out. For a printer that does not support partial encryption, printing is stopped, or the part designated for encryption is replaced with another character string, and then print data is transmitted to the printer.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a technique that enables a sender to easily acquire a public key of a transmission partner without error when an electronic mail is encrypted by a public key method and transmitted. This technology uses a first QR code (registered trademark) in which personal information such as name, address, and e-mail address is encoded on a business card, a second QR code in which a public key is encoded, name, address, and e-mail address. A third QR code obtained by encoding a public key is recorded together with personal information such as. When the first to third QR codes are photographed by the camera unit of the mobile phone, the control unit decrypts the personal information and the public key of the holder of the business card recorded in the photographed QR code, and the storage unit Registered in the address book storage area.

JP 2006-107459 A JP 2007-168099 A

In conference materials that contain confidential information, only the confidential information is encrypted so that it can be viewed only by a specific user who is permitted to view the confidential information, or can be viewed only by a specific device that is permitted to view the confidential information. By doing so, the problem relating to the risk of leakage of confidential information can be solved, but such a system has not been realized so far.
A system capable of performing flexible encryption is demanded in spite of demand for careful handling of information documented as printed matter due to an increase in security awareness regarding leakage of confidential information.

Patent Document 1 describes encryption of a part of a document, but it is not assumed that only a limited user browses the document through a camera, a scanner, or the like.
Further, the technology described in Patent Document 2 shows a content in which a QR code is read by a camera, personal information is decrypted, and the personal information is registered in an address book, but a document including confidential information is encrypted. It does not protect against the risk of leakage.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by encrypting confidential information and mixing images with different security levels and printing them as printed matter, only the user or device authorized to view the confidential information It is an object of the present invention to provide an information processing apparatus, an electronic device, and an image processing system that enable browsing of images.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the first technical means of the present invention includes an operation unit that accepts a user's operation input, a storage unit that stores sentence creation software that creates a document according to the operation input to the operation unit, A control unit that executes document creation software stored in the storage unit, wherein the control unit is configured to specify a specific range of documents created by the document creation software in accordance with an operation input to the operation unit. Is selected and encrypted by a predetermined method to generate image data in which the document before encryption is replaced with the encrypted document, and the authentication information input to the operation unit is encrypted and added to the image data It is characterized by doing.

  The second technical means has a display unit for displaying a document created by the document creation software in the first technical means, and the control unit displays the document created by the document creation software on the display unit. The display section explicitly displays the selected range in accordance with an operation input for selecting the document.

  According to a third technical means, in the first or second technical means, the storage unit stores a printer driver which is software for performing a printing operation of image data in a printing apparatus, and the control unit includes the printer driver. And the image data to which the authentication information is added by replacing the encrypted document with the encrypted document is output to the printing apparatus as image data for printing.

  The fourth technical means includes an image input unit for inputting image data of a printed matter output from the information processing apparatus of any one of the first to third technical means and recorded on a recording medium by the printing apparatus; An image processing unit that receives image data, an image processing unit that performs image processing on image data input by the image input unit, and an image output unit that outputs image data processed by the image processing unit. Analyzing the image data input by the image input unit and extracting the image data of the part encrypted by a predetermined method, decrypting the encrypted part and integrating it with the image data of the non-encrypted part, An electronic device that outputs to an image output unit, and performs authentication by comparing authentication information input to the operation unit with authentication information that is encrypted and added to the encrypted part, and authentication is successful If the image processing unit It is obtained by further comprising a control unit that permits decoding that.

  According to a fifth technical means, in any one of the fourth technical means, the image input unit is a camera unit that captures an image, and the output unit decrypts the encrypted part and decrypts it. The display unit displays image data integrated with partial image data.

  According to a sixth technical means, in the fourth technical means, the image input unit reads an image recorded on a recording medium, and the image output unit decrypts the encrypted portion and The image forming unit forms an image on a recording medium with image data integrated with the image data of the encrypted part.

  The seventh technical means is an image processing system including the information processing apparatus of any one of the first to third technical means and the electronic equipment of any one of the fourth to sixth technical means.

  According to the present invention, secret information is encrypted, and images having different security levels are mixed and printed as a printed matter, so that only a user or a device authorized to browse can view the secret information. High security can be obtained when printed.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the system containing the information processing apparatus by this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the screen of the text editor used when encrypting a part of document data applied to this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the printing result of the document in which the selection part was encrypted. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the portable terminal device for performing the decoding of the encrypted document. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another example when a part of a document is encrypted and printed. It is a figure explaining an example of a mode at the time of decoding and browsing encryption data from the printed matter in which a part of document was encrypted. It is a flowchart for demonstrating an example of the process of the electronic device which concerns on this invention.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a system including an information processing apparatus according to the present invention, in which 1 is an information processing apparatus and 2 is an image forming apparatus. In this example, the information processing apparatus 1 is a PC (personal computer), the information processing apparatus 1 and the image forming apparatus 2 are connected to each other via a network 4, and the image forming apparatus 2 is connected to the information processing apparatus 1. The printing apparatus executes an image forming process such as printing based on the instruction. A plurality of information processing apparatuses 2 can be connected to the network, and a plurality of image forming apparatuses 2 can be connected. The image forming apparatus 2 exemplifies an MFP, but may be a single-function printer apparatus that can be controlled by a printer driver installed in the information processing apparatus 1.

  The information processing apparatus 1 is configured by a general-purpose computer, for example, and includes a CPU 11 that controls the operation of the information processing apparatus 1, a RAM 12 that is an execution area for a control program, a ROM 13 that stores a control program, data, and the like, and an HDD A storage unit 14 including a pointing device such as a mouse or a keyboard, a display unit 16 such as an LCD, a communication unit 17 serving as a communication interface connected to the network 4, and image formation. An output unit 18 that outputs data to an external device such as the device 2 and a system bus 19 that connects these units to each other are included.

The storage unit 14 is installed with a printer driver 14a for causing the image forming apparatus 2 to execute print processing. When executing printing, the CPU 11 reads the printer driver 14a into the RAM 12 and executes printing processing.
In addition, various applications that can be operated on the information processing apparatus can be installed in the storage unit 14, and for example, a text editor 14 b that is document creation software used for inputting and editing a document is stored therein.

The image forming apparatus 2 is configured as a multifunction peripheral (MFP (Multifunction Peripheral)) having a plurality of functions such as a printer function, a copy function, a facsimile function, and a scanner function.
The image forming apparatus 2 includes an image forming unit 21 that performs processing for printing image data on a paper medium, a device control unit 22 that controls each function of the image forming apparatus 2, and control information and settings of the image forming apparatus 2. A management unit 23 which is a memory for storing information, a communication unit 24 which communicates with the information processing apparatus 1 via the network 4, and an HDD (hard disk drive) 25 which is an example of a storage unit for storing various data. , An erasing unit 26 for erasing data stored in the HDD 25, an image processing unit 27 for performing various image processing on the data, an operation unit 28 for receiving an operation input by a user, and electronically reading a document image And an image reading unit 29.

The image forming unit 21 includes a printing unit 21 a such as an LSU (Laser Scanning Unit) and a volatile memory 21 b that temporarily stores data processed by the image processing unit 27.
The operation unit 28 includes a display unit 28a such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), a touch panel unit 28b that receives an operation input from a user via the touch panel, and input keys such as various operation keys and numeric keys. The input key 28c is configured, and the user can perform operation input and various setting input to the image forming apparatus 2 by operating the operation unit 28.

  When the image forming apparatus 2 is used as a printer, the image forming apparatus 2 holds the image data received by the communication unit 24 in the volatile memory 21b and prints it out on a paper medium or the like by the image forming unit 21. The communication unit 24 of the image forming apparatus 2 is connected to the network 4 using wire or wireless, and receives image data from the information processing apparatus 1 connected on the network 4. The received image data is sent to the volatile memory 21b page by page, and is temporarily stored in the HDD 25 as necessary. The image data is again sent from the HDD 25 to the volatile memory 21b, transferred to the printing unit 21a, and printed on a paper medium or the like by the printing unit 21a.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a text editor screen used for encrypting a part of document data applied to the present invention. This will be described with reference to the configuration of FIG.
For example, a text editor 14b such as Microsoft WORD (registered trademark) is document creation software that operates on the information processing apparatus 1 such as a PC and executes input and editing of a document.
For example, a screen as shown in FIG. 2 is displayed by the operation of the text editor 14b. Although a toolbar is set on this screen, in the embodiment according to the present invention, the encryption icon 101 is provided on the toolbar of the text editor. The user can encrypt the text in the selected range by operating the encryption icon 101 using the operation unit 28 such as a mouse or a keyboard.

  For example, the user activates the text editor 14b as described above on the information processing apparatus 1, and displays the screen as shown in FIG. 2 on the display unit 28a. Then, the user operates the encryption icon 101 displayed on the toolbar after inputting / editing a text or image document. Then, the document area or figure to be encrypted is selected. For example, an area to be encrypted is selected by dragging the mouse like the encryption part 102. The selected encrypted portion 102 explicitly displays that it is selected, for example, by changing the color on the screen.

  Alternatively, as in the encrypted portion 103, the user can select a desired range by designating the start point and end point of the selection area. Or, like the encryption portion 104, a rectangular encryption area can be selected by dragging the mouse. Then, after the selection is completed, the encryption icon 101 is operated. Thereby, it is possible to instruct to encrypt the selected area in the document. Note that the arrows, parentheses, dotted lines, and the like in FIG. 2 are shown for explaining the selection method and are not actually displayed on the screen.

When the encrypted part is selected and the encryption icon 101 is operated, the text editor 14b performs a process of encrypting the selected encrypted part.
When the target document is printed by the printer driver 14a operating on the information processing apparatus 1, the text editor 14b instructs the printer driver 14a to encrypt the area, and the printer driver 14a uses the area of the encrypted part. May be encrypted.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a print result of a document in which a selected portion is encrypted. When a document input / edited by the text editor 14b of the information processing apparatus 1 and partially encrypted as described above is printed on a paper medium or the like by the image forming apparatus 2, a printed matter 200 as shown in FIG. 3 is obtained. It is done. In this printed matter 200, for example, the encrypted portion 201 of the document selected by the user and the encrypted portion 202 of the photograph are encrypted, and the original information before encryption cannot be understood as it is. In this way, by encrypting a part of a document, information with different degrees of security can be mixed into electronic data and provided as a printed matter 200.

  In this example, encryption is performed in accordance with a QR code (registered trademark) standard, and the encrypted QR code is printed on the printed matter 200. The QR code has a large amount of information that can be stored because it has information vertically and horizontally, and can handle not only numbers but also multilingual data such as English and Chinese characters, and all types of data such as binary and control codes.

  The QR code can be used to simply conceal the contents of the original information before encryption, but the QR code includes authentication information for decrypting the document information stored in the QR code. Is added as additional information. The authentication information can be identification information of a user who is permitted to decrypt an encrypted document or the like, or specifies a device such as a model name, serial number, and Mac address of a portable terminal or digital copier to be decrypted. It may be information.

The decryption of the printed matter 200 on which the QR-coded encrypted portion is printed can be executed by a mobile terminal device with a camera or an image forming apparatus having a scanner (image reading) function. These correspond to the embodiments of the electronic apparatus of the present invention.
For example, the printed material 200 is read by the image reading unit of the image forming apparatus, and the encrypted portion is decrypted and printed out on a paper medium. Alternatively, the printed matter can be photographed by the camera unit of the mobile terminal device, and the encrypted part can be decrypted and displayed on the display unit of the mobile terminal device.

  This decryption can be performed by a user who is permitted to view the QR-coded encrypted portion or a device that can be viewed. In this case, the user inputs authentication information including an identification number of a user who is permitted to decrypt and information for specifying the device to the image forming apparatus or the mobile terminal device. In the image forming apparatus and the mobile terminal device, the input authentication information is compared with the authentication information added to the QR code, and the encrypted portion is decrypted only when they match. As a result, the encrypted portion can be decrypted only by a specific user or device permitted to browse, and security can be improved.

  And since the security of the printed material is enhanced, even if the printed material distributed as meeting materials etc. leaks to the outside or is lost, the information in the encrypted part will not be leaked, and the printed material will be distributed with peace of mind. be able to. Further, since the secret information can be encrypted and printed, it is not necessary to perform a complicated operation such as creating a document by deleting the secret information.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a mobile terminal device for decrypting an encrypted document. The mobile terminal device 5 includes a camera unit 51, an image analysis unit 52, a decoding unit 53, an image integration unit 54, an operation unit 55, a control unit 56, a display unit 57, a wireless unit 58, and an antenna 59.
The control unit 56 controls each unit of the mobile terminal device 5. The operation unit 55 receives an operation input by a user. The operation unit 55 includes, for example, a plurality of keys. The camera unit 51 captures an image by a user operation. Here, the encrypted document is photographed and the image data is output to the image analysis unit 52. The image analysis unit 52 analyzes the image captured by the camera unit 51 and determines whether there is a predetermined encrypted image.

As a result of the analysis by the image analysis unit 52, the decryption unit 53 decrypts an encrypted image. In this case, the authentication information added to the original document information of the encrypted part is decrypted, and compared with the authentication information composed of the user identification information input to the operation unit 55 or the information specifying the device, If they match, the original document information that has been encrypted is decrypted.
The image integration unit 54 integrates the decrypted image data of the document information and the image data of the document other than the encrypted part to generate image data corresponding to the document before encryption. The display unit 57 displays the image data output from the image integration unit 54. The wireless unit 58 is connected to the antenna 59 and communicates with an external device. The image analysis unit 52, the decoding unit 53, and the image integration unit 54 correspond to the image processing unit of the present invention.

  The decryption of the encrypted document can be performed by the portable terminal device 5 described above, but can also be executed by an image forming device having a scanner function. In this case, the image forming apparatus 2 configured as an MFP shown in FIG. 1 can be applied as an image forming apparatus that decrypts an encrypted document. Referring to FIG. 1, a document including an encrypted part is read by the image reading unit 29, the read image is analyzed by the image processing unit 27, and whether there is a predetermined encrypted image or not. Determine whether.

  If there is an encrypted image, the image processing unit 27 decrypts the encrypted image. In this case, the authentication information added to the original document information of the encrypted part is decrypted, and compared with the authentication information composed of the user identification information input to the operation unit 28 or the information specifying the device, If they match, the original document information that has been encrypted is decrypted. Thereafter, the image processing unit 27 integrates the decrypted image data of the document information and the image data of the document other than the encrypted part to generate image data corresponding to the document before encryption. The image forming unit 21 can print the image data generated by the image processing unit 27 on a paper medium. Further, the image data generated by the image processing unit 27 may be displayed on the display unit 28a. The image processing unit 27 performs a series of processes of the image analysis unit 52, the decoding unit 53, and the image integration unit 54 of the portable information terminal 5 of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example when a part of a document is encrypted and printed, and shows an example of a display screen of the display unit 28 a provided in the image forming apparatus 2. In the image forming apparatus 2, a document can be read by the image reading unit 29 and the image data can be printed on a paper medium or the like. It also functions as a printer that prints image data transmitted from an external device such as a PC onto a paper medium or the like.
In this case, some image forming apparatuses 2 have a function of displaying a preview on the display unit 28a before printing image data of a read original or image data transmitted from an external device. FIG. 5 shows an example of a preview display screen when executing such a print job.

  As shown in FIG. 5, various buttons 305 and 306 for setting conditions of the image forming apparatus are displayed on the display screen 300 displayed on the display unit 28a. The specific contents of these buttons 305 and 306 are not described here. At the center of the display screen 300, the image data 301 read by the image reading unit 29 or transmitted from the external device is displayed as a preview. Normally, the user can print the preview-displayed image data 301 on a paper medium or the like by confirming the preview display and operating the start button 304. Here, in the present embodiment, it is possible to encrypt and print out a range desired by the user by a user operation on the image data 301 displayed as a preview.

  For example, if an operation input by the touch panel unit 28b is possible, the user touches the touch panel unit 28b with a finger or the like and performs a drag operation on the image data 301 displayed in the preview, thereby performing the encryption operation. You can choose. The selected portion is explicitly displayed as being selected, for example, by changing the color on the screen. In this example, the encrypted portion 302 of the document and the encrypted portion 303 of the photo selected by the user are selected. In this state, when the start button 304 is operated to execute printing, the selected portion is printed in a state encrypted in, for example, a QR code. Similarly to the above example, the QR code can be added with authentication information including user identification information and information for specifying the device.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an example of a state in which encrypted data is decrypted and viewed from a printed matter in which a part of a document is encrypted.
The user uses the mobile terminal device 5 with a camera to photograph the encrypted part. Since the mobile terminal device 5 has a function of decoding and displaying the QR code, the QR code captured by the camera unit 51 is decoded and displayed on the display unit 57. On the display unit 57, the encrypted portion 201 of the document and the encrypted portion 202 of the photo are decrypted and displayed as a decrypted document 201 ′ and a decrypted photo 202 ′, respectively.

  At this time, the user who uses the mobile terminal device 5 needs to input authentication information that is known in advance. The authentication information is user identification information or information for specifying the mobile terminal device 5. In the portable terminal device 5, if the input authentication information is authenticated and it is determined that the encrypted document can be browsed, the encrypted information captured by the camera unit 51 is decrypted and displayed on the display unit 57. If authentication fails, decryption is not performed. At this time, it may be displayed on the display unit 57 that the encrypted information cannot be decrypted because the authentication has failed.

  Through the above processing, when creating the printed matter 200, desired information such as highly confidential information is selected, encrypted, printed, and encrypted only by a user or apparatus authorized to view the encrypted information. Information can be decoded and displayed. At this time, the image captured using the camera unit 51 can be decrypted and immediately confirmed by the display unit 57, and the content of the encrypted information can be confirmed on the spot.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining an example of processing of the electronic apparatus according to the present invention, and shows imaging and decoding / display processing in the mobile terminal device with a camera.
In the mobile terminal device 5, a printed material on which encrypted information such as a QR code is printed is photographed by the built-in camera (camera unit 51), and an image of the printed material is acquired (step S 1). Then, the acquired image is analyzed to search for the encrypted part (step S2). For example, a mark indicating the encryption range arranged at the corner of the QR code rectangle is searched to recognize that the QR code is in that range.

If there is encrypted information in the printed matter by searching the encrypted part (step S3-Yes), the encrypted information in the encrypted part is decrypted (step S4). Then, the image data obtained by the decryption is enlarged or reduced to the size of the encrypted part in the captured image (step S5). Then, the enlarged / reduced image data is integrated into the photographed image (step S6). Thereby, the image data of the original document before encrypting the specific range is obtained. And the image data is output to the display part 57 with which the portable terminal device 5 is provided (step S7).
If there is no encryption information in step S3, the decoding process is not performed (step S8), and the image data is output to the display unit 57 as it is (step S7).

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Information processing apparatus, 2 ... Image forming apparatus, 4 ... Network, 5 ... Portable terminal device, 11 ... CPU, 12 ... RAM, 13 ... ROM, 14 ... Memory | storage part, 14a ... Printer driver, 14b ... Text editor, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... Input part, 16 ... Display part, 17 ... Communication part, 18 ... Output part, 19 ... System bus, 21 ... Image formation part, 21a ... Printing part, 21b ... Volatile memory, 22 ... Equipment control part, 23 ... Management unit 24 ... Communication unit 25 ... HDD 26 ... Erasing unit 27 ... Image processing unit 28 ... Operation unit 28a ... Display unit 28b ... Touch panel unit 28c ... Input key 29 ... Image reading unit 51 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Camera part 52 ... Image analysis part 53 ... Decoding part 54 ... Image integration part 55 ... Operation part 56 ... Control part 57 ... Display part 58 ... Wireless part 59 ... Antenna 101 ... Encryption icon , 102 ... Encoding part 103 ... Encryption part 104 ... Encryption part 200 ... Printed matter 201 ... Encryption part 201 '... Decrypted document 202 ... Encryption part 202' ... Decrypted photo 300 ... Display screen 301 ... image data, 302 ... encrypted part, 303 ... encrypted part, 304 ... start button, 305 ... buttons.

Claims (7)

An operation unit that accepts user operation input;
A storage unit for storing sentence creation software for creating a document in accordance with an operation input to the operation unit;
A control unit that executes the document creation software stored in the storage unit,
The control unit selects a specific range of the document created by the document creation software in accordance with an operation input to the operation unit, encrypts the image using a predetermined method, and replaces the document before encryption with the encrypted document. Generate data,
An information processing apparatus, wherein the authentication information input to the operation unit is encrypted and added to the image data. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
A display unit for displaying a document created by the document creation software;
The control unit displays a document created by the document creation software on the display unit,
The information processing apparatus, wherein the display unit explicitly displays a selected range in accordance with an operation input for selecting the document. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The storage unit stores a printer driver that is software that causes a printing apparatus to perform a printing operation of image data.
The control unit executes the printer driver and outputs the image data to which the authentication information is added by replacing the encrypted document with the encrypted document to the printing apparatus as print image data. Information processing apparatus. An image input unit for inputting image data of a printed matter output from the information processing apparatus according to claim 1 and recorded on a recording medium by the printing apparatus;
An operation unit that accepts user operation input;
An image processing unit that performs image processing of image data input by the image input unit;
The image processing unit includes an image output unit that outputs image processed image data, and the image processing unit analyzes the image data input by the image input unit and An electronic device that extracts image data, decrypts an encrypted part, integrates it with image data of a non-encrypted part, and outputs the image data to the image output unit,
Authentication is performed by comparing the authentication information input to the operation unit with the authentication information encrypted and added to the encrypted part, and if the authentication is successful, the image processing unit permits decryption An electronic device comprising a control unit. The electronic device according to claim 4,
The image input unit is a camera unit that captures an image,
The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image output unit is a display unit that displays image data obtained by decrypting the encrypted portion and integrating the image data of the non-encrypted portion. The electronic device according to claim 4,
The image input unit is an image reading unit that reads an image recorded on a recording medium,
The electronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the output unit is an image forming unit that forms an image on a recording medium by decoding the encrypted portion and integrating the image data of the non-encrypted portion with the image data.   An image processing system comprising the information processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and the electronic apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 6.

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