JP2012242544A - Display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display device that enables a stereoscopic image to be viewed comfortably even if the position of an observer is shifted a little from a normal view position.SOLUTION: A display device includes a display unit 20 for displaying plural parallax images on a screen where plural display pixels are provided, and an optical element 10 for optically separating the plural parallax images. Parallax amounts in the plural parallax images are smaller at end portions than a center portion on the screen in the horizontal direction.

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a display device capable of performing stereoscopic display using an optical element such as a parallax barrier or a lenticular lens.

  In recent years, display devices that can realize stereoscopic display have attracted attention. Stereoscopic display displays a left-eye image and a right-eye image with different parallax (different viewpoints), and is recognized as a stereoscopic image with depth by the observer looking at each with the left and right eyes. be able to. In addition, a display device has been developed that can provide a more natural three-dimensional image to an observer by displaying three or more images having parallax with each other.

  Such display devices are broadly classified into those requiring special glasses and those that do not require them. However, the observer feels troublesome for the observer, and those that do not require special glasses are desired. It is rare. Examples of display devices that do not require dedicated glasses include a lenticular lens method and a parallax barrier method. In these methods, a plurality of videos (viewpoint videos) having parallax with each other are displayed simultaneously, and the visible videos differ depending on the relative positional relationship (angle) between the display device and the viewer's viewpoint. As a parallax barrier type display device, for example, there is one described in Patent Document 1.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-119889

  By the way, in the above lenticular lens type or parallax barrier type display device, there is a case where reverse viewing occurs depending on the position of the observer. That is, the right eye image light is incident on the left eye or the left eye image light is moved from the normal viewing position where the observer can perform normal stereoscopic vision to the left or right or back and forth. It may enter the state of entering the right eye. In such a case, normal stereoscopic vision is hindered and the observer feels uncomfortable.

  The present disclosure has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a display device capable of visually recognizing a more comfortable stereoscopic image even when the position of the observer is slightly deviated from the normal viewing position. is there.

  A display device according to the present disclosure includes a display unit that displays a plurality of parallax images on a screen provided with a plurality of display pixels, and an optical element that optically separates the plurality of parallax images. Here, the amount of parallax in the plurality of parallax images is smaller at the end than in the horizontal central portion on the screen.

  In the display device according to the present disclosure, the amount of parallax in the plurality of parallax images is smaller at the end portion than at the central portion in the horizontal direction on the screen. On the other hand, the stereoscopic effect received by the observer from the image at the edge of the screen is weakened. Therefore, even when an observer stands at a position slightly deviated from the normal viewing position, the effect of reverse vision occurring at the edge of the screen is alleviated.

  According to the display device of the present disclosure, an observer can view a more comfortable stereoscopic image without obtaining a sense of incongruity due to so-called reverse viewing.

3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating a configuration example of a pixel array in the display unit illustrated in FIG. 1. It is a block diagram showing the example of 1 structure of the control part shown in FIG. It is the schematic showing the normal vision area | region and reverse vision area | region when it sees from upper direction. It is the schematic showing the normal-view part and reverse-view part on the screen of a display part visually recognized by the observer. In an Example, it is explanatory drawing showing the relationship between the boundary position of the normal viewing part and reverse viewing part in a screen upper edge, and the distance from a display part to an observer.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[overall structure]
FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration example of a display device 1 as an embodiment of the present disclosure. The display device 1 includes a parallax barrier 10, a display unit 20, and a control unit 40. The parallax barrier 10 has a shielding part 11 and an opening part 12.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating a configuration example of the pixel array on the display screen of the display unit 20. The display unit 20 includes a two-dimensional display such as a liquid crystal display panel, an electric luminance type display panel, or a plasma display. On the display screen of the display unit 20, a plurality of pixels are two-dimensionally arranged in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) and the vertical direction (Y-axis direction). For example, a red pixel R, a green pixel G, a blue pixel B, and a white pixel W are periodically arranged in this order in the horizontal direction. On the other hand, pixels of the same color are arranged in a row in the vertical direction. On the display unit 20, a plurality of viewpoint parallax images are assigned to each pixel in a predetermined arrangement pattern and combined and displayed.

  The parallax barrier 10 separates a plurality of parallax images included in the parallax composite image displayed on the display unit 20 in a plurality of viewpoint directions so that stereoscopic viewing is possible. Are arranged opposite to each other. The parallax barrier 10 serves as a shielding unit 11 that shields light, and a parallax separation unit that transmits light and is associated with a predetermined condition so as to enable stereoscopic viewing of the sub-pixels of the display unit 20. A plurality of openings 12 are provided. The parallax barrier 10 is formed, for example, by installing a black material that does not transmit light, a thin-film metal that reflects light, or the like as the shielding portion 11 on a transparent flat plate.

  The parallax barrier 10 separates a plurality of parallax images included in the parallax composite image on the screen of the display unit 20 so that only a specific parallax image is observed when the display unit 20 is observed from a specific viewpoint position. It is supposed to be. From the positional relationship between the opening 12 of the parallax barrier 10 and each pixel of the display unit 20, the emission angle of light emitted from each pixel of the display unit 20 is limited. Each pixel in the display unit 20 is displayed in different directions depending on the positional relationship with the opening 12. Light beams L3 and L2 from different pixels arrive at the left and right eyes 10L and 10R of the observer, and can be perceived as a stereoscopic image by observing images with parallax.

  The opening 12 of the parallax barrier 10 has, for example, a stripe shape extending in an oblique direction inclined with respect to the arrangement direction of the pixels Pix in the display unit 20. The oblique direction is a direction different from both the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) and the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) in the XY plane. Alternatively, the opening 12 may be provided so as to form a step shape (step shape) in an oblique direction. The display unit 20 synthesizes and displays a plurality of viewpoint parallax images in a pattern corresponding to the barrier pattern. In the case of a step-like barrier pattern, a plurality of parallax images are divided into steps in a predetermined arrangement pattern in an oblique direction according to the barrier pattern and combined.

  The control unit 40 drives the display unit 20 based on the video signal Vdisp supplied from the outside. The control unit 40 receives the two-dimensional image data D1 and the corresponding parallax data D2 as the video signal Vdisp. The parallax data D2 is position information in the depth direction (Z-axis direction) of the virtual object point according to the position of the screen of the display unit 20 (that is, the coordinates (X, Y) of the sub-pixel on the XY plane).

  As illustrated in FIG. 3, the control unit 40 includes a gain processing unit 41, a multi-viewpoint image forming unit 42, and a display driving unit 43. The gain processing unit 41 receives parallax data D2 of the video signal Vdisp supplied from the outside. The gain processing unit 41 performs predetermined gain correction on the parallax data D2, and outputs corrected parallax data D3. The multi-viewpoint image forming unit 42 receives the two-dimensional image data D1 of the video signal Vdisp supplied from the outside and the corrected parallax data D3. The multi-viewpoint image forming unit 42 forms multi-viewpoint images based on the two-dimensional image data D1 and the corrected parallax data D3, and then supplies the multi-viewpoint image data as the video signal SS to the display driving unit 43. It is. The display driving unit 43 drives the display unit 20 based on the video signal SS supplied from the multi-viewpoint image forming unit 42.

  Further, in the display device 1, in a plurality of viewpoint videos (parallax images) displayed on the display unit 20, the amount of parallax is smaller at the end than in the horizontal center of the screen of the display unit 20. . This will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. FIG. 4 shows an area in which an image viewed by an observer located on the center line CL in the horizontal direction of the screen is in a normal viewing state (normal viewing area) and a region in a reverse viewing state (back viewing area) from above. It is the schematic when it looks. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a normal viewing portion and a reverse viewing portion on the screen of the display unit 20 that are visually recognized by an observer at a distance Z (= Z1, Z2, Z3) from the display unit 20 shown in FIG. FIG.

  At the position of the distance Z <b> 1 in FIG. 4, both eyes of the observer are included in the normal vision region 60. The normal vision region 60 here refers to all of the image light emitted from each of the pixel PR located at the right end of the screen, the pixel PC located at the center of the screen, and the pixel PL located at the left end of the screen. It means the area that will be incident properly. In FIG. 4, in an area 61 between the straight line PC1 and the broken line PC2, the image light for the right eye and the image light for the left eye from the pixel PC are appropriately incident on the right eye and the left eye of the observer, respectively. Represents an area. Similarly, a region 62 between the straight line PR1 and the broken line PR2 is a region where the image light for the right eye and the image light for the left eye from the pixel PR are appropriately incident on the right eye and the left eye of the observer, respectively. It is. A region 63 between the straight line PL1 and the broken line PL2 is a region where the image light for the right eye and the image light for the left eye from the pixel PL are appropriately incident on the right eye and the left eye of the observer, respectively. The normal viewing area 60 is an area where the areas 61 to 63 all overlap. As shown in FIG. 5A, at the position of the distance Z1, the normal viewing portion 20C spreads over the entire screen, and good stereoscopic viewing is possible. However, when the observer approaches the display unit 20 and stands at the position of the distance Z <b> 2, both eyes of the observer will be out of the normal viewing area 60. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 5B, a state in which the image light for the right eye is incident on the left eye of the observer or the image light for the left eye is incident on the right eye partially occurs. On the screen of the display unit 20, reverse viewing portions 20R and 20L appear near both ends thereof. When the observer further approaches the display unit 20 and stands at the position of the distance Z3, as shown in FIG. 5C, the reverse viewing portions 20R and 20L in the vicinity of both ends are enlarged on the screen of the display unit 20. The normal vision portion 20C near the center is further reduced.

  In the reverse viewing portions 20R and 20L, a plurality of viewpoints displayed on the display unit 20 as the distance from the boundary lines 20S1 and 20S2 increases in the direction of the arrow illustrated in FIG. The amount of parallax in the video is small. Specifically, the amount of parallax is determined based on the product of the parallax data D2 corresponding to the position of the screen and the gain function G (X, Y) represented by the following equation (1). Equations (2) and (3) can be said to be gain functions for correcting the amount of parallax in the reverse viewing portion 20R on the right side of the screen and the reverse viewing portion 20L on the left side of the screen, respectively. In the normal viewing portion 20C, the gain function G (X, Y) is 1, and the parallax data D2 input to the gain processing unit 41 becomes the corrected parallax data D3 as it is. A boundary line 20S1 between the normal viewing portion 20C on the screen and the reverse viewing portion 20R on the right side of the screen is expressed by Expression (7), and a boundary line 20S2 between the normal viewing portion 20C on the screen and the reverse viewing portion 20L on the left side of the screen. Is represented by equation (8).

G (X, Y) = G1 (X, Y) .G2 (X, Y) (1)
G1 (X, Y) =-gsl (X-X0-Y / S) +1 (2)
G2 (X, Y) = gsl (X−H + X0− (Y−V) / S) +1 (3)
0 ≦ G1 (X, Y) ≦ 1 (4)
0 ≦ G2 (X, Y) ≦ 1 (5)
S · tan θ = Px / Py (6)
Y = S · (X−X0) (7)
Y = S · (X−H + X0) + V (8)

  Where gsl is a constant that determines the horizontal gain distribution, X is the position of the pixel Pix in the horizontal direction of the screen, Y is the position of the pixel Pix in the vertical direction of the screen, and X0 is a boundary line at the upper edge of the screen 20S1 is a position from the left end of the screen (hereinafter simply referred to as a boundary position), H is the total number of pixels Pix aligned in the horizontal direction of the screen in the display unit 20, and V is a pixel aligned in the vertical direction of the screen in the display unit 20. Px is the arrangement pitch of the pixels Pix in the horizontal direction of the screen, Py is the arrangement pitch of the pixels Pix in the vertical direction of the screen, and θ is the opening / closing unit 11 with respect to the arrangement direction of the pixels Pix in the display unit 20. And the inclination angle formed by the extending direction of the opening / closing part 12. Note that the boundary position X0 changes depending on the distance Z from the display unit 20 to the observer.

[Operation and Action]
Subsequently, the operation and action of the display device 1 of the present embodiment will be described. In the display device 1, the control unit 40 drives the display unit 20 based on the video signal Vdisp supplied from the outside to perform video display.

  In the control unit 40, as shown in FIG. 3, the gain processing unit 41 performs gain correction by multiplying the parallax data D2 from the outside by the gain function G (X, Y) of the above equation (1). . Thereafter, the gain processing unit 41 outputs the corrected parallax data D3 to the multi-viewpoint image forming unit 42. On the other hand, the multi-view image forming unit 42 forms a multi-view image based on the external two-dimensional image data D1 and the corrected parallax data D3 from the gain processing unit 41. After that, the multi-viewpoint image forming unit 42 supplies the multi-viewpoint image data as the video signal SS to the display driving unit 43. The display driving unit 43 drives the display unit 20 based on the video signal SS supplied from the multi-viewpoint image forming unit 42. The display unit 20 performs video display according to a command from the display driving unit 43.

  The observer observes images with parallax by viewing the display unit 20 through the parallax barrier 10. As a result, the observer can perceive a stereoscopic image.

  As described above, in the display device 1, the parallax amount of the viewpoint video displayed on the display unit 20 is set to be smaller at the end portion than the central portion in the horizontal direction of the screen of the display unit 20. For this reason, the observer can feel a three-dimensional effect strongly by the image of the normal viewing portion 20C in the center of the screen. On the other hand, the stereoscopic effect received by the observer from the images of the reverse viewing portions 20R and 20L at the screen end is weakened. Therefore, even when the observer stands at a position slightly deviated from the normal viewing position, the effect of reverse viewing on the entire screen image visually recognized by the observer is alleviated. As a result, the observer can view a more comfortable stereoscopic image without obtaining a sense of incongruity due to so-called reverse viewing.

(Example)
Here, an embodiment of the present technology will be described. FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the boundary position X0 at the upper edge of the screen and the distance Z from the display unit 20 to the observer. In FIG. 6, the vertical axis indicates a numerical value normalized with the left end in the horizontal direction of the screen being 0 and the right end being 1. The horizontal axis in FIG. 6 indicates the distance Z (mm). In this embodiment, tan θ = 1/6, the optimal viewing distance Z is 4 m, and the distance between viewpoints is 65 mm. In FIG. 13, for example, when the viewing position is 2 m (2000 mm), the right side from the position 77% from the left end at the upper end of the screen is the reverse viewing portion 20R.

  Further, when S = 2, X0 / H = 0.6, gsl × H = −2.5, it corresponds to H at the upper end of the screen, that is, 60% of the total number of pixels Pix arranged in the horizontal direction of the screen. The gain function G (X, Y) is 1.0 up to the position to be used. Further, the gain function G (X, Y) decreases in the right reverse viewing portion 20R beyond the position corresponding to 60% of H, and becomes 0 at the upper right end XR of the screen. That is, the parallax is 0 at the upper right end XR of the screen. Similarly, the parallax is 0 at the lower left corner XL of the screen.

[effect]
As described above, in the display device 1 of the present embodiment, the parallax amount of the viewpoint video is made small at the end of the screen of the display unit 20. For this reason, even if it is a case where a part of reverse viewing occurs in the screen slightly deviating from the normal viewing position, the influence of the reverse viewing on the observer is alleviated. As a result, the observer can view a more comfortable stereoscopic image without obtaining a sense of incongruity due to so-called reverse viewing.

  In the present embodiment, the opening 12 in the parallax barrier 10 extends in a direction inclined with respect to the arrangement direction of the pixels Pix in the display unit 20. Thereby, the balance between the resolution in the horizontal direction and the resolution in the vertical direction in stereoscopic display can be improved.

  While the present technology has been described with reference to the embodiments and examples, the present technology is not limited to these embodiments and the like, and various modifications are possible. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the parallax barrier 10 as an optical element and the display unit 20 are sequentially arranged from the observer side. However, in the present technology, the display unit and the optical element (parallax barrier) may be arranged in this order from the observer side.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the parallax barrier was used as an optical element, this technique is not limited to this. For example, the same effect can be obtained even when a lenticular lens in which a plurality of cylindrical lenses are arranged in a one-dimensional direction is used as an optical element. In this case, in order to improve the resolution balance, each cylindrical lens may have a main axis inclined with respect to the display pixel arrangement direction.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the stereoscopic image is formed only by the spatial division display using the fixed barrier, in which the position of the opening does not change with time, has been described. It is not limited to. For example, the present technology can also be applied to a display device that employs a switchable barrier that can switch the position of an opening, such as a liquid crystal barrier, and forms a stereoscopic image by performing time-division display.

Moreover, this technique can take the following structures.
<1> a display unit that displays a plurality of parallax images on a screen provided with a plurality of display pixels;
An optical element that optically separates the plurality of parallax images,
A display device in which a parallax amount in the plurality of parallax images is smaller at an end portion than a central portion in a horizontal direction on the screen.
<2>
The display device according to <1>, wherein the plurality of parallax images include a portion in which the parallax amount decreases from a horizontal central portion to an end portion of the screen.
<3>
The optical element is
<1> or <2>, wherein the barrier section includes a plurality of sub-regions extending in a first direction inclined with respect to the arrangement direction of the plurality of display pixels in the display section and transmitting and blocking light. The display device described in 1.
<4>
The parallax amount is determined based on a product of parallax data corresponding to the position of the screen and a gain function G (X, Y) defined by the following equations (1) to (6) <1 The display device according to any one of <3> to <3>.
G (X, Y) = G1 (X, Y) .G2 (X, Y) (1)
G1 (X, Y) =-gsl (X-X0-Y / S) +1 (2)
G2 (X, Y) = gsl (X−H + X0− (Y−V) / S) +1 (3)
0 ≦ G1 (X, Y) ≦ 1 (4)
0 ≦ G2 (X, Y) ≦ 1 (5)
S · tan θ = Px / Py (6)
However,
gsl: Constant that determines the gain distribution in the horizontal direction X: Position of the display pixel in the horizontal direction of the screen Y: Position of the display pixel in the vertical direction of the screen X0: Horizontal direction of the boundary portion between the normal viewing region and the reverse viewing region at the upper end of the screen Position H: Total number of display pixels arranged in the horizontal direction on the screen V: Total number of display pixels arranged in the vertical direction on the screen Px: Arrangement pitch of display pixels in the horizontal direction of the screen Py: Arrangement pitch of display pixels in the vertical direction of the screen θ: Display The inclination angle of the optical element with respect to the pixel arrangement direction.
<5>
The display device according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein the parallax image is generated based on the parallax amount and a two-dimensional image.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Display apparatus, 9 ... Barrier drive part, 10 ... Liquid crystal barrier part, 11, 12 ... Opening / closing part, 13, 16 ... Transparent substrate, 20 ... Display part, 29 ... Backlight drive part, 30 ... Backlight, 40 ... Control unit 41 ... Gain processing unit 42 ... Multi-viewpoint image forming unit 50 ... Display drive unit 110, 120 ... Transparent electrode, Pix ... Pixel.

Claims (5)

A display unit that displays a plurality of parallax images on a screen provided with a plurality of display pixels;
An optical element that optically separates the plurality of parallax images,
A display device in which a parallax amount in the plurality of parallax images is smaller at an end portion than a central portion in a horizontal direction on the screen. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of parallax images include a portion in which the amount of parallax decreases as it goes from a horizontal center portion to an end portion of the screen. The optical element is
The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display unit is a barrier unit that includes a plurality of sub-regions that extend in a first direction inclined with respect to the arrangement direction of the plurality of display pixels in the display unit and transmit and block light. The parallax amount is determined based on a product of parallax data corresponding to the position of the screen and a gain function G (X, Y) defined by the following equations (1) to (6). The display device described.
G (X, Y) = G1 (X, Y) .G2 (X, Y) (1)
G1 (X, Y) =-gsl (X-X0-Y / S) +1 (2)
G2 (X, Y) = gsl (X−H + X0− (Y−V) / S) +1 (3)
0 ≦ G1 (X, Y) ≦ 1 (4)
0 ≦ G2 (X, Y) ≦ 1 (5)
S · tan θ = Px / Py (6)
However,
gsl: Constant that determines the gain distribution in the horizontal direction X: Position of the display pixel in the horizontal direction of the screen Y: Position of the display pixel in the vertical direction of the screen X0: Horizontal direction of the boundary portion between the normal viewing region and the reverse viewing region at the upper end of the screen Position H: Total number of display pixels arranged in the horizontal direction on the screen V: Total number of display pixels arranged in the vertical direction on the screen Px: Arrangement pitch of display pixels in the horizontal direction of the screen Py: Arrangement pitch of display pixels in the vertical direction of the screen θ: Display The inclination angle of the optical element with respect to the pixel arrangement direction The display device according to claim 1, wherein the parallax image is generated based on the parallax amount and a two-dimensional image.

Images