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JP2012129360A - Processing method of susceptor base material and susceptor base material - Google Patents

Processing method of susceptor base material and susceptor base material Download PDF

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JP2012129360A
JP2012129360A JP2010279485A JP2010279485A JP2012129360A JP 2012129360 A JP2012129360 A JP 2012129360A JP 2010279485 A JP2010279485 A JP 2010279485A JP 2010279485 A JP2010279485 A JP 2010279485A JP 2012129360 A JP2012129360 A JP 2012129360A
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base material
susceptor
susceptor base
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cutting
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JP5697239B2 (en
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Koji Ishida
考二 石田
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Ibiden Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a processing method of a susceptor base material in which a cutting mark does not appear at a part where a wafer is mounted, and to provide a susceptor base material.SOLUTION: In the processing method of a susceptor base material 11 using a rotary blade for cutting, axial end of the rotary blade 15 has a round shape. The rotary blade 15 performs cutting of the susceptor base material 11 while inclining a predetermined angle against the normal 23 to the upper surface of the susceptor base material 11. A processed surface 27 thus formed has thereby no cutting mark in a recess of the susceptor base material 11 where cutting is performed.

Description

本発明は、サセプタ基材の加工方法及びサセプタ基材に関する。   The present invention relates to a susceptor base material processing method and a susceptor base material.

黒鉛材からなるサセプタ基材のウエハが載置される部分(ウエハポケット)は、切削、研削などの加工方法によって形成される(例えば特許文献1)。従来、図6に示すように、サセプタ基材501に形成されるウエハポケット503が曲面の場合、(1)刃物を曲面に沿って移動させる方法、(2)刃面が被加工面に相当するカーブ形状に形成された刃物を用いる方法、(3)上記の(1)と(2)を複合させた方法が加工方法として用いられる。(1)の加工方法は、X方向、Y方向、Z方向の3軸のNC加工機でボールエンドミル等の刃物505の高さを制御しながら加工することができる。また、(2)の加工方法は、刃物の高さを制御するだけで、目的の曲面とすることができる。   A portion (wafer pocket) on which a wafer of a susceptor base material made of graphite is placed is formed by a processing method such as cutting or grinding (for example, Patent Document 1). Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 6, when the wafer pocket 503 formed on the susceptor base 501 is a curved surface, (1) a method of moving the cutter along the curved surface, and (2) the blade surface corresponds to the workpiece surface. A method using a cutting tool formed in a curved shape, and (3) a method in which the above (1) and (2) are combined are used as a processing method. The processing method (1) can be performed while controlling the height of the blade 505 such as a ball end mill with a three-axis NC processing machine in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction. Moreover, the processing method of (2) can be made into the target curved surface only by controlling the height of a cutter.

特開2004−200436号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-200436

ところで、3軸のNC加工機で刃物の高さを制御しながら加工する従来の加工方法では、切削痕(ツールマーク)が形成される。このツールマークは、後工程のサセプタ基材501にSiC被膜を形成しても残留する。そのため、Si、SiC、化合物半導体などのエピタキシャル成長の際にこのようなサセプタ基材を用いると、ツールマークの残留(切削痕)がウエハに転写される問題がある。また、あらかじめ指定された所定のカーブ(曲線)を持った刃物で加工する従来の加工方法は、一つの形状を大量に生産する場合には適しているが、刃物の摩耗により、徐々に加工された形状の設計値との誤差が大きくなるという問題がある。そのため、加工形状の誤差を低減するために、刃物の交換が必要となり、研削加工の設備費が増大する。   By the way, in a conventional machining method in which machining is performed while controlling the height of the cutter with a three-axis NC machine, a cutting mark (tool mark) is formed. This tool mark remains even if a SiC film is formed on the susceptor substrate 501 in a later step. Therefore, when such a susceptor base material is used during the epitaxial growth of Si, SiC, a compound semiconductor, etc., there is a problem that residual tool marks (cut marks) are transferred to the wafer. In addition, the conventional processing method of processing with a cutter having a predetermined curve (curve) specified in advance is suitable for mass production of one shape, but it is gradually processed due to wear of the cutter. There is a problem that an error from the design value of the shape becomes large. Therefore, in order to reduce the error of the machining shape, it is necessary to replace the blade, and the equipment cost for the grinding process increases.

本発明は上記状況に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は、ウエハが載置される部分に切削痕ができないサセプタ基材の加工方法及びサセプタ基材を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for processing a susceptor base material and a susceptor base material in which a cutting trace is not formed on a portion on which a wafer is placed.

本発明に係る上記目的は、下記構成により達成される。
(1) 回転刃物を用いて切削加工を行うサセプタ基材の加工方法であって、前記回転刃物の軸先端がR形状であり、前記回転刃物が前記サセプタ基材の上面の法線に対して所定角度傾斜させて前記サセプタ基材の切削を行い、該サセプタ基材の切削加工が行われた凹部に切削痕のない加工面を形成することを特徴とするサセプタ基材の加工方法。
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following configuration.
(1) A method of processing a susceptor base material that performs a cutting process using a rotary cutter, wherein a shaft tip of the rotary cutter has an R shape, and the rotary cutter has a normal to an upper surface of the susceptor base. A method of processing a susceptor base material, wherein the susceptor base material is cut at a predetermined angle, and a processed surface having no cutting trace is formed in a concave portion in which the susceptor base material is cut.

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、回転刃物が、サセプタ基材の上面の法線に対して傾斜することで、切削速度「0」の非切削点、すなわち加工能力のない回転刃物の回転中心が加工面に触れ移動しなくなり、切削痕が加工面に形成されなくなる。   According to this method of processing a susceptor base material, the rotary blade is inclined with respect to the normal line of the upper surface of the susceptor base material, so that the non-cutting point at the cutting speed “0”, that is, the rotation of the rotary blade without processing ability is rotated. The center touches the machining surface and does not move, and cutting traces are not formed on the machining surface.

(2) 前記サセプタ基材は、ウエハが載置される凹部を有し、前記回転刃物は該凹部の中心軸を中心に渦巻き状に黒鉛材を切削加工することを特徴とする(1)のサセプタ基材の加工方法。 (2) The susceptor base material has a concave portion on which a wafer is placed, and the rotary blade cuts the graphite material spirally around the central axis of the concave portion. Processing method of susceptor substrate.

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、円形の面となる凹部の加工面を、回転刃物を接触させたまま連続して切削加工が行え、回転刃物が離反、再接触することによる段部等が加工面に生じないため、切削痕が発生しない。   According to this susceptor base material processing method, the processing surface of the concave portion that is a circular surface can be continuously cut while the rotary blade is in contact, and the stepped portion by the rotary blade being separated and recontacted, etc. Does not occur on the machined surface, so no cutting marks are generated.

(3) 前記回転刃物は前記サセプタ基材の凹部の中心から外周に向かって切削加工することを特徴とする(2)のサセプタ基材の加工方法。 (3) The susceptor base material processing method according to (2), wherein the rotary blade is cut from the center of the concave portion of the susceptor base material toward the outer periphery.

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、サセプタ基材の中心から外周に向かって渦巻き状に切削加工するので、切削加工の途中及び切削加工の完了時の加工残りの小さな突起が形成されない。そのため、突起の脱落による凹みができず加工面を欠け、あるいはむしれなく加工することができる。   According to this susceptor base material processing method, since cutting is performed spirally from the center of the susceptor base material toward the outer periphery, small protrusions remaining during processing and at the completion of the cutting processing are not formed. Therefore, the dent due to the drop-off of the protrusion cannot be formed, and the processing surface can be chipped or processed without difficulty.

(4) 前記切削加工は、ダウンカット加工であることを特徴とする(3)のサセプタ基材の加工方法。 (4) The method for processing a susceptor base material according to (3), wherein the cutting is down-cut processing.

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、回転刃物が高速回転することによる刃の移動方向と、回転刃物自体の移動方向とが反対方向となるため、サセプタ基材の加工面がむしれ加工になることがなく、平滑な加工面を得ることができる。なお、むしれ加工については、後ほど図4を用いて説明する。   According to this susceptor base material processing method, since the moving direction of the blade due to the rotating blade rotating at a high speed is opposite to the moving direction of the rotary blade itself, the processing surface of the susceptor base material is peeled off. Therefore, a smooth processed surface can be obtained. The peeling process will be described later with reference to FIG.

(5) 前記サセプタ基材の移動は、該サセプタ基材の中心を軸とした回転であることを特徴とする(4)のサセプタ基材の加工方法。 (5) The method of processing a susceptor base material according to (4), wherein the movement of the susceptor base material is rotation about the center of the susceptor base material.

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、回転刃物をサセプタ基材に接触させたまま連続して切削加工が行える。   According to this susceptor base material processing method, cutting can be performed continuously with the rotary blade in contact with the susceptor base material.

(6) 前記回転刃物の前記サセプタ基材の上面の法線に対する所定角度は、20〜70度であることを特徴とする(1)〜(5)のいずれか1つのサセプタ基材の加工方法。 (6) The method for processing a susceptor substrate according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein a predetermined angle with respect to a normal line of the upper surface of the susceptor substrate of the rotary blade is 20 to 70 degrees. .

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、回転刃物のサセプタ基材の上面の法線に対しての傾斜角度が、70度を越えるとサセプタ基材と切削加工機が干渉しやすくなる上に、回転刃物にかかる回転軸に垂直なラジアル荷重成分が大きくなるため、回転刃物が撓んで加工精度が出せなくなる。また、回転刃物のサセプタ基材の上面の法線に対しての傾斜角度が、20度未満であると光沢のあるサセプタ基材の切削痕が形成されやすくなる。   According to this susceptor base material processing method, when the angle of inclination of the rotary blade with respect to the normal of the upper surface of the susceptor base material exceeds 70 degrees, the susceptor base material and the cutting machine easily interfere with each other. Since the radial load component perpendicular to the rotation axis applied to the rotary blade is increased, the rotary blade is bent and machining accuracy cannot be obtained. Further, when the angle of inclination of the rotary blade with respect to the normal line of the upper surface of the susceptor base material is less than 20 degrees, a glossy susceptor base material is easily formed.

(7) 前記凹部の形状は、該凹部の底面が曲面であることを特徴とする(1)〜(6)のいずれか1つのサセプタ基材の加工方法。 (7) The method of processing a susceptor substrate according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the shape of the recess is a curved bottom surface of the recess.

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、サセプタ基材の凹部の底面が曲面であるので、サセプタ基材の凹部にウエハが載置されて成膜処理を行う場合、ウエハに熱変形が生じてもサセプタ基材とウエハとの間隔を小さくできるので、サセプタからウエハに均等に伝熱できるサセプタを得ることができる。   According to this susceptor base material processing method, since the bottom surface of the concave portion of the susceptor base material is a curved surface, when the wafer is placed in the concave portion of the susceptor base material and the film formation process is performed, the wafer is thermally deformed. In addition, since the distance between the susceptor substrate and the wafer can be reduced, a susceptor capable of transferring heat uniformly from the susceptor to the wafer can be obtained.

(8) 前記凹部の底面が凸状の曲面であることを特徴とする(7)のサセプタ基材の加工方法。 (8) The method for processing a susceptor base material according to (7), wherein the bottom surface of the concave portion is a convex curved surface.

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、サセプタ基材の凹部の底面が凸状の曲線であるので、上面が凸方向に変形する化合物半導体のウエハがサセプタ基材の凹部に載置されて成膜処理を行う場合、ウエハに熱変形が生じてもサセプタ基材とウエハとの間隔を小さくできるので、サセプタからウエハに均等に伝熱できるサセプタを得ることができる。   According to this susceptor base material processing method, since the bottom surface of the concave portion of the susceptor base material has a convex curve, a compound semiconductor wafer whose top surface is deformed in a convex direction is placed on the concave portion of the susceptor base material. When the film processing is performed, the distance between the susceptor substrate and the wafer can be reduced even if the wafer is thermally deformed, so that a susceptor capable of uniformly transferring heat from the susceptor to the wafer can be obtained.

(9) 前記凹部の底面は、前記ウエハの加工処理を行った際に発生する反りに相似する形状であることを特徴とする(7)のサセプタ基材の加工方法。 (9) The method for processing a susceptor base material according to (7), wherein the bottom surface of the concave portion has a shape similar to a warp generated when the wafer is processed.

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、加工処理を行ったウエハの反りに相似する形状のサセプタ基材の凹部の底面が形成されているので、ウエハ加工処理によってウエハに反りの変形が生じても、変形したウエハ形状をサセプタ基材の凹部の底部の面で確実に支持できる。そのため、サセプタからウエハに均等に伝熱できるサセプタを得ることができる。   According to this susceptor base material processing method, since the bottom surface of the concave portion of the susceptor base material having a shape similar to the warpage of the processed wafer is formed, the wafer processing processing causes warpage deformation of the wafer. In addition, the deformed wafer shape can be reliably supported by the bottom surface of the concave portion of the susceptor base material. Therefore, a susceptor that can transfer heat uniformly from the susceptor to the wafer can be obtained.

(10) 複数の前記ウエハに対応して複数の凹部が形成される(2)〜(9)のいずれか1つのサセプタ基材の加工方法。 (10) The method for processing a susceptor substrate according to any one of (2) to (9), wherein a plurality of recesses are formed corresponding to the plurality of wafers.

このサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、複数のウエハに対する凹部が形成されるので、一つのサセプタ基材を回転させながら、複数の凹部を順次に切削加工することができる。   According to this susceptor base material processing method, since the concave portions are formed on the plurality of wafers, the plurality of concave portions can be sequentially cut while rotating one susceptor base material.

(11) (1)〜(10)のいずれか1つのサセプタ基材の加工方法によって加工されたサセプタ基材。 (11) A susceptor base material processed by the processing method of any one of (1) to (10).

このサセプタ基材によれば、ウエハが載置される部分に切削痕が存在しないので、面状態による熱放射率の違いによる温度ムラがウエハに生じなくなる。そのため、このサセプタを用いて製造されたウエハは製膜温度のばらつきが小さくなり、切り出される半導体製品の特性にばらつきのないウエハを製造できる。   According to this susceptor base material, since there is no cutting trace in the portion where the wafer is placed, temperature unevenness due to the difference in thermal emissivity depending on the surface state does not occur in the wafer. Therefore, a wafer manufactured using this susceptor has a small variation in film forming temperature, and a wafer having no variation in characteristics of a semiconductor product to be cut out can be manufactured.

本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法によれば、ウエハが載置される部分に切削痕ができないサセプタ基材の加工方法及びサセプタ基材を得ることができる。   According to the susceptor base material processing method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a susceptor base material processing method and a susceptor base material in which cutting marks are not formed on a portion on which a wafer is placed.

本発明に係るサセプタ基材によれば、切削痕による熱放射率の違いを抑止でき、ウエハ温度のムラを防止できる。   According to the susceptor substrate according to the present invention, the difference in thermal emissivity due to the cutting trace can be suppressed, and unevenness of the wafer temperature can be prevented.

本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法によって切削されているウエハが載置される部分を回転刃物と共に表した模式図である。It is the schematic diagram which represented the part by which the wafer cut by the processing method of the susceptor base material which concerns on this invention was mounted with the rotary blade. 図1の要部拡大図である。It is a principal part enlarged view of FIG. 本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法の模式図であり、(a)回転刃物の回転方向と、サセプタ基材の加工面の移動方向との関係を表した平面図、(b)はその側面図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram of the processing method of the susceptor base material which concerns on this invention, (a) The top view showing the relationship between the rotation direction of a rotary blade, and the moving direction of the processing surface of a susceptor base material, (b) is the side surface FIG. 本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法の模式図であり、(a)は図3(a)のP−P断面で、ダウンカット加工を説明する図、(b)は図3(a)のP−P断面で、アップカット加工を説明する図である。It is a schematic diagram of the processing method of the susceptor base material which concerns on this invention, (a) is PP sectional drawing of Fig.3 (a), The figure explaining downcut processing, (b) is FIG.3 (a). It is a figure explaining an up cut process by PP cross section. 本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法の模式図であり、(a)は5軸加工機の一例を示す側面図、(b)は(a)の正面図である。It is a schematic diagram of the processing method of the susceptor base material which concerns on this invention, (a) is a side view which shows an example of a 5-axis processing machine, (b) is a front view of (a). 従来の加工方法によって切削されるサセプタ基材と、その加工状況を表した模式図である。It is the schematic diagram showing the susceptor base material cut by the conventional processing method, and its processing condition.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。
図1は本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法によって切削されているウエハが載置される部分を回転刃物と共に表した模式図を示し、図2は図1の要部拡大図を示す。図3は本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法の模式図を示し、(a)は回転刃物の回転方向及び移動方向と、サセプタ基材の移動方向との関係を表した平面図、(b)はその側面図である。
本実施の形態に係るサセプタ基材11の加工方法は、軸先端13がR形状になされた回転刃物15を用いる。この回転刃物15には、曲面17の切削に好適な例えばボールエンドミルを用いることができる。なお、ボールエンドミルの外に、コーナ部がR形状のラジアスエンドミルも加工に用いることができる。回転刃物15は、R形状となった円周上に刃が設けられる。それぞれの刃における「すくい角」と「逃げ角」の関係は旋盤のバイトと同様となる。R形状では中心軸を中心に回転させたときに、回転刃物の切削部が凸の曲面を形成していればよく、例えば、切削部の半径0.1〜3mmのボールエンドミルの外、切削部のコーナ部の曲率半径が0.1〜3mmのラジアスエンドミルが利用できる。また、切削部の曲率半径は一定でなくてもよく、連続的あるいは段階的に変化して繋がったR形状であってもよい。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a portion on which a wafer cut by the susceptor base material processing method according to the present invention is placed together with a rotary blade, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a processing method of a susceptor base material according to the present invention, and FIG. 3A is a plan view showing the relationship between the rotational direction and moving direction of the rotary blade and the moving direction of the susceptor base material. ) Is a side view thereof.
The processing method of the susceptor base material 11 according to the present embodiment uses a rotary blade 15 having a shaft tip 13 having an R shape. For the rotary blade 15, for example, a ball end mill suitable for cutting the curved surface 17 can be used. In addition to the ball end mill, a radius end mill having a rounded corner can be used for processing. The rotary blade 15 is provided with a blade on an R-shaped circumference. The relationship between the “rake angle” and “flank angle” of each blade is the same as that of a lathe tool. In the R shape, it is only necessary that the cutting part of the rotary cutter forms a convex curved surface when rotated about the central axis. For example, outside the ball end mill having a radius of 0.1 to 3 mm of the cutting part, the cutting part A radius end mill having a radius of curvature of 0.1 to 3 mm can be used. Further, the radius of curvature of the cutting portion may not be constant, and may be an R shape that is connected continuously or stepwise.

回転刃物15は、サセプタ基材11の上面21の法線23に対して所定角度θだけ傾斜させて切削加工を行い、サセプタ基材11の切削加工が行われた凹部25に切削痕のない加工面27を形成する。なお、この回転刃物15の所定角度θは、相対角度であり、回転軸29が鉛直方向となって図に示すようにサセプタ基材11が傾斜していてもよい。サセプタ基材11の加工方法では、回転刃物15が、サセプタ基材11の上面21の法線23に対して傾斜することで、切削速度「0」の非切削点31が加工面27に触れなくなり、切削痕がサセプタ基材11の加工面27に形成されなくなる。   The rotary blade 15 is cut by being inclined at a predetermined angle θ with respect to the normal line 23 of the upper surface 21 of the susceptor base material 11, and the recess 25 where the susceptor base material 11 is cut has no cutting marks. Surface 27 is formed. The predetermined angle θ of the rotary blade 15 is a relative angle, and the susceptor base material 11 may be inclined as shown in the drawing with the rotary shaft 29 in the vertical direction. In the processing method of the susceptor base material 11, the rotating blade 15 is inclined with respect to the normal line 23 of the upper surface 21 of the susceptor base material 11, so that the non-cutting point 31 with the cutting speed “0” does not touch the processing surface 27. Cutting traces are not formed on the processed surface 27 of the susceptor substrate 11.

回転刃物15は、ウエハが載置される部分の中心軸33を中心に渦巻き状に黒鉛材からなるサセプタ基材を切削加工する。これにより、円形の面となる凹部25の加工面27を、回転刃物15を接触させたまま連続して切削加工が行える。そのため、回転刃物15がサセプタ基材の加工面の表面に離反、再接触することによる切削痕の段部等が加工面27に生じない。   The rotary blade 15 cuts a susceptor base material made of a graphite material spirally around the central axis 33 of the portion on which the wafer is placed. As a result, the machining surface 27 of the concave portion 25 that is a circular surface can be continuously cut while the rotary blade 15 is in contact. For this reason, the stepped portion of the cutting trace or the like due to the rotary blade 15 being separated from the surface of the processed surface of the susceptor base material and coming into contact again does not occur on the processed surface 27.

また、回転刃物15は、サセプタ基材のウエハが載置される部分の中心から外周に向かって渦巻き状に切削加工することが好ましい。サセプタ基材を中心から外周に向かって渦巻き状に切削加工するので、切削加工の途中及び切削加工の完了後に加工残りの小さな突起を形成することがなく、加工面27を欠け、あるいはむしれなく加工することができる。   Further, the rotary blade 15 is preferably cut in a spiral shape from the center of the portion on which the wafer of the susceptor substrate is placed toward the outer periphery. Since the susceptor base material is cut in a spiral shape from the center toward the outer periphery, a small remaining projection is not formed during the cutting process or after the cutting process is completed, and the processing surface 27 is chipped or unavoidable. Can be processed.

図3は、本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法の模式図であり、(a)回転刃物の回転方向と、サセプタ基材の加工面の移動方向との関係を表した平面図、(b)はその側面図である。図4は、本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法の模式図であり、(a)は図3(a)のP−P断面で、ダウンカット加工を説明する図、(b)は図3(a)のP−P断面で、アップカット加工を説明する図である。
図3において、回転刃物15の回転方向と、サセプタ基材11の加工面27の送り方向との関係は、回転刃物15の回転方向が矢印A方向で、サセプタ基材11の加工面27の送り方向が矢印L方向であると、図4に示すように、回転刃物15の進行方向Cに対し、回転刃物15が加工面27を削り込むように作用する所謂ダウンカット加工、あるいは、回転刃物15が加工面27を削り上げるように作用する所謂ダウンカットのいずれかとなる。つまり、ダウンカット加工は、図4(a)に示すような加工物の表面から内部に向いて刃先を回転させて行うことができる。また、アップカット加工は、図4(b)に示すような加工物の内部から表面に向けて刃先を回転させて行うことができる。
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for processing a susceptor base material according to the present invention, wherein (a) a plan view showing the relationship between the rotation direction of the rotary blade and the moving direction of the processing surface of the susceptor base material; ) Is a side view thereof. 4A and 4B are schematic views of a method for processing a susceptor base material according to the present invention. FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line P-P in FIG. 3A, and FIG. It is a figure explaining an up cut process in PP cross section of (a).
In FIG. 3, the relationship between the rotation direction of the rotary cutter 15 and the feed direction of the machining surface 27 of the susceptor base material 11 is that the rotation direction of the rotary cutter 15 is the arrow A direction and the feed of the machining surface 27 of the susceptor base material 11 When the direction is the direction of the arrow L, as shown in FIG. 4, so-called downcut machining in which the rotary blade 15 cuts the machining surface 27 with respect to the traveling direction C of the rotary cutter 15, or the rotary cutter 15 Is a so-called down cut that acts to scrape the processed surface 27. That is, the downcut processing can be performed by rotating the blade edge from the surface of the workpiece as shown in FIG. In addition, the upcut process can be performed by rotating the blade edge from the inside of the workpiece as shown in FIG. 4B toward the surface.

アップカット加工は刃先に安定した送り応力が与えられ、安全に加工できるが、加工面に上向きの引張力がかかり、刃先が切屑を巻き込んで加工面27にむしれ傷を付けることがあり、黒鉛材のような脆性材料の切削加工による仕上げ加工には一般に適しない。一方、ダウンカット加工は、加工面に下向きの圧縮力がかかる。黒鉛材のような脆性材料は、圧縮強度が引張強度に比べて強い性質がある。このため、アップカット加工に比べて大きな力が加工面に必要とされる反面、切り込み深さを少なくして加工すると、切り屑が小さくなり、加工面が平滑で、欠けやむしれ傷のない綺麗な面が得られ、黒鉛材のような脆性材料の仕上げ加工に好適である。   Up-cut processing gives a stable feed stress to the cutting edge and can be safely processed, but an upward tensile force is applied to the processing surface, and the cutting edge may entrap chips and scratch the processing surface 27, and graphite. Generally, it is not suitable for finishing by a brittle material such as a material. On the other hand, in the down cut processing, a downward compressive force is applied to the processed surface. Brittle materials such as graphite materials have a strong compressive strength compared to tensile strength. For this reason, a large force is required for the machined surface compared to the up-cut process, but if the depth of cut is reduced, the chips become smaller, the machined surface is smooth, and there is no chipping or scratching. A smooth surface and is suitable for finishing a brittle material such as a graphite material.

サセプタ基材11の移動は、サセプタ基材11の中心を軸とした回転となる。これにより、回転刃物15を接触させたまま連続して切削加工が行える。サセプタ基材11にウエハ載置面が複数存在する場合にも、回転刃物15をXYZ方向にウエハ載置面に追従させて加工することにより、サセプタ基材11を支持し直すことなく連続的に切削加工を行うことができる。回転刃物15がサセプタ基材11の上面21の法線23に対して傾斜させて切削加工を行う角度は、20〜70度であることが好ましい。回転刃物15のサセプタ基材11の上面21の法線23に対しての傾斜角度が、70度を越えるとサセプタ基材と加工機が干渉しやすくなる上に、回転刃物にかかる回転軸に垂直なラジアル荷重成分が大きくなるため、回転刃物が撓んで加工精度が出せなくなる。回転刃物15のサセプタ基材11の上面21の法線23に対しての傾斜角度が、20度未満であると光沢のある切削痕が形成されやすくなる。   The movement of the susceptor base material 11 is a rotation around the center of the susceptor base material 11. Thereby, it can cut continuously, with the rotary blade 15 being contacted. Even when there are a plurality of wafer placement surfaces on the susceptor base material 11, the rotary cutter 15 is processed by following the wafer placement surface in the XYZ directions, thereby continuously supporting the susceptor base material 11. Cutting can be performed. The angle at which the rotary blade 15 performs the cutting process by inclining with respect to the normal line 23 of the upper surface 21 of the susceptor substrate 11 is preferably 20 to 70 degrees. If the angle of inclination of the rotary cutter 15 with respect to the normal line 23 of the upper surface 21 of the susceptor base 11 exceeds 70 degrees, the susceptor base and the processing machine are likely to interfere with each other, and the rotary cutter 15 is perpendicular to the rotational axis of the rotary cutter. Since a large radial load component becomes large, the rotary blade is bent and machining accuracy cannot be obtained. When the angle of inclination of the rotary blade 15 with respect to the normal line 23 of the upper surface 21 of the susceptor substrate 11 is less than 20 degrees, glossy cutting traces are easily formed.

サセプタ基材11の加工方法では、サセプタ基材11に、複数枚のウエハが載置される部分(ウエハ載置面)を形成しても良い。複数のウエハが載置される部分を形成したサセプタ基材11としては、例えば、図6に示すように3つのウエハが載置される部分を設けたものとすることができる。複数のウエハを載置する凹部25を有することで、一つのサセプタ基材11を回転させながら、それぞれの凹部25を順次に切削加工することができる。   In the processing method of the susceptor base material 11, a portion (wafer placement surface) on which a plurality of wafers are placed may be formed on the susceptor base material 11. As the susceptor base material 11 on which a portion on which a plurality of wafers are placed is formed, for example, a portion on which three wafers are placed can be provided as shown in FIG. By having the concave portions 25 on which a plurality of wafers are placed, each concave portion 25 can be sequentially cut while rotating one susceptor substrate 11.

サセプタ基材11の切削加工が行われた凹部25の形状は、凹部25の底面が曲面17を有する形状とする。曲面17を有することで、ウエハが載置されて例えば成膜加工処理を行う場合、サセプタとウエハが点接触となりにくく、サセプタからウエハに均等に熱が伝わりやすいので、サセプタ基材11に載置されたウエハを均熱化して、熱変形をしにくくすることができる。
なお、ウエハの成膜処理としては、例えば化合物半導体のエピタキシャル成長を挙げることができる。
The shape of the recess 25 in which the susceptor base material 11 is cut is a shape in which the bottom surface of the recess 25 has a curved surface 17. When the wafer is placed and the film forming process is performed by having the curved surface 17, for example, the susceptor and the wafer are less likely to be in point contact, and heat is easily transferred from the susceptor to the wafer evenly. The so-formed wafer can be soaked to make it difficult to be thermally deformed.
An example of the wafer deposition process is epitaxial growth of a compound semiconductor.

また、サセプタ基材11の切削加工が行われた凹部25の形状は、凹部25の底面が凸状の曲面17を有する形状であることが好ましい。底面が凸状の曲面17となることにより、上面が凸方向に変形する化合物半導体のウエハが載置されて成膜処理を行う場合、ウエハに熱変形が生じてもウエハとサセプタとの間隔を小さくできるので、サセプタからウエハに均等に伝熱できるサセプタを得ることができる。   Moreover, it is preferable that the shape of the recessed part 25 by which the cutting process of the susceptor base material 11 was performed is a shape in which the bottom face of the recessed part 25 has the convex curved surface 17. FIG. When a film of a compound semiconductor wafer whose top surface is deformed in a convex direction is placed by forming a convex curved surface 17 on the bottom surface, the distance between the wafer and the susceptor is increased even if the wafer is thermally deformed. Since it can be made small, a susceptor that can transfer heat uniformly from the susceptor to the wafer can be obtained.

また、サセプタ基材11の切削加工が行われた凹部25の形状は、ウエハが載置されてウエハの成膜処理を行う場合に発生するウエハの反りに相似する形状であることが好ましい。ウエハの反った形状とサセプタ基材11の凹部の底部の形状が相似のため、ウエハ成膜処理によってウエハに反り等の変形が生じても、変形したウエハをサセプタ基材11の凹部25の底面で確実に支持できるためである。   Moreover, it is preferable that the shape of the recess 25 in which the susceptor base material 11 has been cut is similar to the warpage of the wafer that occurs when the wafer is placed and the wafer is deposited. Since the warped shape of the wafer is similar to the shape of the bottom of the concave portion of the susceptor base material 11, even if the wafer is subjected to deformation such as warpage due to the wafer film forming process, the deformed wafer is removed from the bottom surface of the concave portion 25 of the susceptor base material 11. This is because it can be surely supported.

次に、サセプタ基材11の加工を、5軸加工機39を用いて行う加工方法について説明する。
図5は本発明に係るサセプタ基材の加工方法の模式図であり、(a)は5軸加工機39の一例を示す側面図、(b)は(a)の正面図である。
5軸加工機39は、凸曲面となるウエハ載置面の輪郭制御加工を可能とする。5軸加工機39は、ベッド41に不図示のコラムが固定され、コラムは回転刃物15を高速回転させる主軸45を備える。主軸45は、軸線が回転刃物15の軸中心と一致する。主軸45は、回転刃物15の軸中心に直交する平面内におけるX方向、Y方向に移動自在に支持される。また、主軸45はコラムに対して上下方向となるZ方向に移動自在に支持される。
Next, the processing method which processes the susceptor base material 11 using the 5-axis processing machine 39 is demonstrated.
5A and 5B are schematic views of a method for processing a susceptor base material according to the present invention. FIG. 5A is a side view showing an example of a 5-axis processing machine 39, and FIG. 5B is a front view of FIG.
The 5-axis processing machine 39 enables contour control processing of the wafer mounting surface that is a convex curved surface. In the 5-axis machine 39, a column (not shown) is fixed to the bed 41, and the column includes a main shaft 45 that rotates the rotary blade 15 at high speed. The axis of the main shaft 45 coincides with the axis center of the rotary blade 15. The main shaft 45 is supported so as to be movable in the X and Y directions in a plane orthogonal to the axis center of the rotary blade 15. The main shaft 45 is supported so as to be movable in the Z direction which is the vertical direction with respect to the column.

主軸45の下方にはワークとなる黒鉛基材を固定する回転テーブル47が設けられる。回転テーブル47は、ベッド41に固定された回動機構部49に、中心軸43を中心とした回転方向に回動自在に支持される。回動機構部49は、回転刃物15の軸中心に直交する方向の揺動軸51を中心に、回転テーブル47を揺動自在に支持する。つまり、5軸加工機39は、直線3軸、回転2軸となっている。なお、この5軸加工機39は一例であり、複数のウエハ載置面を有する黒鉛からなるサセプタ基材を、回転刃物15を用いて傾斜させて切削加工できるものであればこれに限定されるものではない。例えば、回転テーブル側ではなく回転刃物側を揺動させる5軸加工機でも同様に切削加工できる。   Below the main shaft 45, there is provided a rotary table 47 for fixing a graphite base material as a workpiece. The rotary table 47 is supported by a rotation mechanism unit 49 fixed to the bed 41 so as to be rotatable in a rotation direction about the central axis 43. The rotation mechanism 49 supports the rotary table 47 so as to be swingable about a swing shaft 51 in a direction orthogonal to the axis center of the rotary blade 15. That is, the 5-axis processing machine 39 has three linear axes and two rotational axes. The five-axis processing machine 39 is an example, and is limited to this as long as the susceptor base material made of graphite having a plurality of wafer placement surfaces can be cut by being inclined using the rotary blade 15. It is not a thing. For example, cutting can be similarly performed with a 5-axis processing machine that swings the rotary blade side instead of the rotary table side.

次に、サセプタ基材11の加工方法の作用を説明する。
サセプタ基材11の加工方法では、回転刃物15の回転軸29とサセプタ基材11の法線23とを傾斜させて切削加工する。傾斜させて切削加工しているので、回転刃物15の切削速度「0」の非切削点31は加工に寄与せず、加工面27はほぼ同様の加工条件となる。なお、切削速度「0」の非切削点31は、加工能力がなく、加工面27をこすりながら移動するだけであるので、光沢のある切削痕が形成され易い。本実施の形態のように、回転刃物15を傾斜させて加工した場合は、加工能力のない非切削点が加工に寄与しないので、サセプタ基材の凹部の底面の表面に切削痕のない均一な加工面27が得られることになる。
Next, the effect | action of the processing method of the susceptor base material 11 is demonstrated.
In the processing method of the susceptor base material 11, the rotating shaft 29 of the rotary blade 15 and the normal line 23 of the susceptor base material 11 are inclined and cut. Since the cutting is performed while being inclined, the non-cutting point 31 at the cutting speed “0” of the rotary blade 15 does not contribute to the processing, and the processing surface 27 has substantially the same processing conditions. Note that the non-cutting point 31 having the cutting speed “0” does not have a processing capability and only moves while rubbing the processed surface 27, so that a glossy cutting trace is easily formed. In the case of machining with the rotary blade 15 inclined as in the present embodiment, non-cutting points without machining ability do not contribute to machining, so there is no cutting trace on the surface of the bottom surface of the concave portion of the susceptor substrate. A processed surface 27 is obtained.

また、回転刃物15の回転方向は、ダウンカット加工とすることが好ましい。これにより、サセプタ基材の表面から内部に向けて刃先が回転するので切削痕又はむしれ傷等が生じにくく、切削面をきれいな仕上げ面として得ることができる。   Moreover, it is preferable to make the rotation direction of the rotary blade 15 into a down cut process. As a result, the cutting edge is rotated from the surface of the susceptor substrate toward the inside, so that a cutting mark or a scratch is hardly generated, and the cutting surface can be obtained as a clean finished surface.

したがって、本実施の形態に係るサセプタ基材11の加工方法によれば、ウエハが載置される部分に切削痕又はむしれ傷等ができないサセプタ基材11を得ることができる。   Therefore, according to the processing method of the susceptor base material 11 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the susceptor base material 11 that does not have a cutting mark or a scratch on the part on which the wafer is placed.

上記サセプタ基材11の加工方法によって得られたサセプタ基材によれば、加工面27に切削痕が存在しないので、切削痕による面状態の違いによる熱放射率の違いを抑止でき、放射率の違いによる温度ムラがサセプタ基材に載置されたウエハに生じない。その結果、エピタキシャル成長のサセプタに用いた場合に、切り出される半導体製品の特性にばらつきのない高品質なウエハを製造できる。   According to the susceptor base material obtained by the processing method of the susceptor base material 11, since there is no cutting trace on the processing surface 27, the difference in thermal emissivity due to the difference in the surface state due to the cutting trace can be suppressed, and the emissivity can be reduced. Temperature unevenness due to the difference does not occur in the wafer placed on the susceptor base material. As a result, when used as a susceptor for epitaxial growth, it is possible to manufacture a high-quality wafer with no variation in characteristics of a semiconductor product to be cut out.

次に、回転刃物を用いてサセプタ基材を切削加工した実施例及び比較例について説明する。
試料(黒鉛からなるサセプタ基材)をステージ上に固定し、サセプタ基材の加工部の中心から外周部に向かって25mmの長さで表面測定を行う。試料はφ100mmのサセプタ基材で、サセプタ基材の加工面にφ50mmのウエハポケットが3箇所形成する。表面測定装置には、KLA−Tencor製P−15(触針式)の表面粗さ計を使用する。表面測定の条件は、測定長25mm、走査速度100μm/sec、荷重5mgとする。
[実施例1]
切削刃物がXYZ方向に移動し、回転テーブルが揺動可能な5軸加工機を使用し、回転テーブルにサセプタ基材をセットしてウエハポケットを加工した。
加工ツールに半径1mmのボールエンドミルを使用し、回転刃物は、傾斜角をサセプタ基材の上面の法線に対して40度傾斜させるように追従させ、回転数を18000rpmとする。また、サセプタ基材の送り速度は、2100mm/minとする。
回転刃物を40度傾斜させているので、加工速度「0」の非切削点が加工面に触れず、サセプタ基材の加工面に切削痕の発生はなかった。
Next, the Example and comparative example which cut the susceptor base material using the rotary blade are described.
A sample (susceptor base material made of graphite) is fixed on the stage, and surface measurement is performed with a length of 25 mm from the center of the processed portion of the susceptor base material toward the outer peripheral portion. The sample is a susceptor base material with a diameter of 100 mm, and three wafer pockets with a diameter of 50 mm are formed on the processed surface of the susceptor base material. For the surface measuring device, a surface roughness meter of P-15 (stylus type) manufactured by KLA-Tencor is used. The surface measurement conditions are a measurement length of 25 mm, a scanning speed of 100 μm / sec, and a load of 5 mg.
[Example 1]
Using a 5-axis processing machine in which the cutting blade moves in the XYZ directions and the rotary table can swing, the susceptor base material is set on the rotary table to process the wafer pocket.
A ball end mill having a radius of 1 mm is used as the processing tool, and the rotating blade is made to follow so that the inclination angle is inclined by 40 degrees with respect to the normal line of the upper surface of the susceptor substrate, and the rotation speed is set to 18000 rpm. The feeding speed of the susceptor base material is 2100 mm / min.
Since the rotary blade was inclined by 40 degrees, non-cutting points with a processing speed of “0” did not touch the processing surface, and no cutting marks were generated on the processing surface of the susceptor substrate.

[比較例1]
切削刃物がXYZ方向に移動可能な3軸加工機を使用し、回転テーブルにサセプタ基材をセットしてウエハポケットを加工した。
加工ツールに半径5mmのフラットエンドミルを使用し、回転刃物は、回転軸を加工面に垂直とし、回転数を18000rpmとする。また、サセプタ基材の送り速度は、2100mm/minとする。
回転刃物を傾斜させていないので、加工速度「0」の非切削点が加工面に触れて回転刃物が連続して移動していくため、後述する面粗さが実施例1と同等であるにもかかわらず、光沢のある切削痕の発生が確認された。
[比較例2]
回転刃物は、刃面が被加工面に相当するカーブ形状となる曲率半径が33000mm、半径25mmの大径の1枚刃を使用し、回転刃物を加工面に垂直とし、回転数を5000rpmとして定位置で回転させる。
回転刃物として、大径刃物を用いて回転刃物の送りを行っていないので、非切削点がウエハポケットの中心部の微少領域に形成されるのみで、切削痕の発生はない。
実施例1及び比較例1,2のサセプタ基材の加工条件(ツール、傾斜角、回転数、送り速度)をまとめて表1に示し、合わせて、サセプタ基材の加工面(凹部の底面の表面)の切削痕の発生の有無を示した。
[Comparative Example 1]
Using a triaxial processing machine in which the cutting tool can move in the XYZ directions, a susceptor base material was set on a rotary table to process a wafer pocket.
A flat end mill having a radius of 5 mm is used as the processing tool, and the rotary blade has a rotation axis perpendicular to the processing surface and a rotation speed of 18000 rpm. The feeding speed of the susceptor base material is 2100 mm / min.
Since the rotary cutter is not inclined, the non-cutting point at the machining speed “0” touches the machining surface and the rotary cutter moves continuously, so that the surface roughness described later is equivalent to that of the first embodiment. Nevertheless, the occurrence of shiny cutting marks was confirmed.
[Comparative Example 2]
The rotary cutter uses a single blade with a large radius of curvature of 33000 mm and radius of 25 mm so that the blade surface has a curved shape corresponding to the work surface, the rotary cutter is perpendicular to the machining surface, and the rotational speed is set to 5000 rpm. Rotate in position.
Since the rotary cutter is not fed using a large-diameter cutter as the rotary cutter, the non-cutting points are only formed in a very small region at the center of the wafer pocket, and no cutting traces are generated.
The processing conditions (tool, tilt angle, rotation speed, feed rate) of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are collectively shown in Table 1, and together, the processing surface of the susceptor substrate (the bottom surface of the recess) The presence or absence of cutting marks on the surface) was indicated.

Figure 2012129360
Figure 2012129360

上記表1から、実施例1では比較例1と同様なエンドミルを用いて切削加工しているにもかかわらず、大径刃物を用いた比較例2と同じように切削痕の発生が見られない。
なお、実施例1及び比較例1及び比較例2において、切削加工したサセプタ加工面の表面粗さを測定した。表2に示す、実施例1及び比較例1、2の算術平均粗さ、十点平均粗さのいずれの測定結果にあっても顕著な差異がない。しかしながら、比較例1において切削痕の存在が確認できる。つまり、切削痕は表面粗さを制御することによって、発生を抑えることができず、加工する刃物の非切削点を使用せずに加工することで、切削痕の発生を抑えることができることがわかる。すなわち、非切削点を使用せずに加工する、本発明のサセプタ基材の加工方法を用いれば、確実に切削痕の発生を抑えることができると考えられる。
From Table 1 above, in Example 1, although the end mill is cut using the same end mill as in Comparative Example 1, generation of cutting marks is not observed as in Comparative Example 2 using a large-diameter cutter. .
In Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, the surface roughness of the processed susceptor surface was measured. There is no significant difference in any of the measurement results of arithmetic average roughness and ten-point average roughness of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shown in Table 2. However, the presence of cutting marks can be confirmed in Comparative Example 1. That is, it can be seen that the generation of cutting traces cannot be suppressed by controlling the surface roughness, and the generation of cutting traces can be suppressed by processing without using non-cutting points of the cutting tool. . That is, it is considered that the occurrence of cutting traces can be surely suppressed by using the method for processing a susceptor base material of the present invention that is processed without using non-cutting points.

Figure 2012129360
Figure 2012129360

表中、n1〜n3は、一つのサセプタの3つのウエハ載置部での表面粗さの測定結果を示す。   In the table, n1 to n3 indicate the measurement results of the surface roughness at the three wafer placement portions of one susceptor.

11 サセプタ基材
13 軸先端
15 回転刃物
17 曲面
21 上面
23 法線
25 凹部
27 加工面
33 ウエハが載置される部分の中心軸
11 Susceptor substrate 13 Shaft tip 15 Rotating blade 17 Curved surface 21 Upper surface 23 Normal 25 Recessed portion 27 Processing surface 33 Center axis of the portion on which the wafer is placed

Claims (11)

回転刃物を用いて切削加工を行うサセプタ基材の加工方法であって、
前記回転刃物の軸先端がR形状であり、前記回転刃物を前記サセプタ基材の上面の法線に対して所定角度傾斜させて前記サセプタ基材の切削加工を行い、該サセプタ基材の切削加工が行われた凹部に切削痕のない加工面を形成することを特徴とするサセプタ基材の加工方法。
A method of processing a susceptor base material that performs cutting using a rotary blade,
The shaft end of the rotary cutter has an R shape, and the susceptor base material is cut by inclining the rotary cutter at a predetermined angle with respect to the normal line of the upper surface of the susceptor base material. A processing method for a susceptor base material, characterized in that a processed surface having no cutting trace is formed in a recessed portion where the step is performed.
前記サセプタ基材はウエハが載置される前記凹部を有し、前記回転刃物は該凹部の中心軸を中心に渦巻き状に黒鉛材を切削加工することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法。   2. The susceptor according to claim 1, wherein the susceptor base material has the concave portion on which a wafer is placed, and the rotary blade cuts a graphite material spirally around a central axis of the concave portion. Substrate processing method. 前記回転刃物は前記サセプタ基材の凹部の中心から外周に向かって切削加工することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法。   The susceptor base material processing method according to claim 2, wherein the rotary blade is cut from the center of the concave portion of the susceptor base material toward the outer periphery. 前記切削加工は、ダウンカット加工であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法。   The susceptor substrate processing method according to claim 3, wherein the cutting process is a downcut process. 前記サセプタ基材の移動は、該サセプタ基材の中心を軸とした回転であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法。   The susceptor base material processing method according to claim 4, wherein the movement of the susceptor base material is rotation about the center of the susceptor base material. 前記回転刃物の前記サセプタ基材の上面の法線に対する角度は、20〜70度であることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法。   The susceptor substrate processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an angle of the rotary blade with respect to a normal line of the upper surface of the susceptor substrate is 20 to 70 degrees. 前記凹部は、該凹部の底面が曲面を有する形状であることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法。   The method for processing a susceptor substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the recess has a shape in which a bottom surface of the recess has a curved surface. 前記凹部の形状は、該底面の底面が凸状の曲面であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法。   The method of processing a susceptor base material according to claim 7, wherein the shape of the concave portion is a curved surface having a convex bottom surface. 前記凹部の底面は、前記ウエハの加工処理を行った際に発生する反りに相似する形状であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法。   8. The method of processing a susceptor substrate according to claim 7, wherein the bottom surface of the concave portion has a shape similar to a warp that occurs when the wafer is processed. 複数枚の前記ウエハに対応して複数の凹部が形成されることを特徴とする請求項2乃至9のいずれか1項に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法。   The susceptor substrate processing method according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of recesses are formed corresponding to the plurality of wafers. 請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載のサセプタ基材の加工方法によって形成されるサセプタ基材。   The susceptor base material formed by the processing method of a susceptor base material of any one of Claims 1 thru | or 10.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107470985A (en) * 2016-06-06 2017-12-15 蓝思科技(长沙)有限公司 The preparation method and graphite jig of a kind of graphite jig for glass panel shaping

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