JP2012112309A - Method for controlling windmill blade - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve a highly reliable windmill by making the windmill itself as a simple structure.SOLUTION: A method for controlling windmill blades is provided for a windmill comprising a revolution shaft 2, journaled levers 3a, 3b provided in a plurality of pairs around the revolution shaft 2, a pair consisting of upper and lower journaled levers, and a plurality of pieces of windmill blades 5 supported rotatably on the upper and lower pair of journaled levers through a wind blade shaft. In cases other than strong winds or stormy winds, the angle of the windmill blade is regulated by performing at least two times of brake off per revolution of the revolution shaft by a clutch 6 serving also as a brake provided on the windmill blade shaft in such a range that, with respect to each of the plurality of pieces of windmill blades, a tooth tip of an upper tooth of the clutch serving also as a brake does not deviate from within the groove in a lower tooth.

Description

  The present invention relates to a revolving shaft, a plurality of shaft supports fixed as a pair around the revolving shaft, and a plurality of pieces rotatably supported by a pair of upper and lower shaft supports via a windmill blade shaft. And a wind turbine blade control method for a wind turbine blade.

Conventionally, as this type of wind turbine, for example, the ones disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 are already known. Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of blades that revolve while rotating, gears provided on the rotation shafts of the blades, and gears provided on the main shaft of the windmill, and the gears are connected by planetary gears or chains. A concatenated configuration is shown.
In Patent Document 2, a pair of wind turbine blades arranged symmetrically and freely around the revolution main shaft, a rotation shaft extending from the center position of the lower end of the wind turbine blade, and a rotation shaft are provided on the rotation shaft, respectively. In the figure, there is shown a structure in which the gears are provided at the lower part of the revolving main shaft, and the rudder is disposed on the gears, and both the gears are connected by a timing belt.

In Patent Document 3, a plurality of planetary shafts are provided so as to be capable of revolving around the sun axis, and blades are attached to the plurality of planetary shafts at different angles, and the plurality of planetary shafts are revolved per revolution. A wind turbine is disclosed in which an interlocking mechanism associated with the sun axis is provided so as to rotate half-turn in the same direction as the revolution, and the revolution force of the planetary axis is taken out as an output.
In Patent Document 4, a planetary shaft having a rotatable revolving shaft, a plurality of shaft support rods provided on the revolving shaft, and a wind receiving means that are rotatably attached to the shaft support shafts via a planetary shaft. A wind turbine comprising: a shaft frame; a planetary shaft bevel gear formed on each lower end portion of the planetary shaft; and a wind direction bevel gear coupled to each planetary shaft bevel gear via a coupling means and formed on the lower end portion of the revolution shaft. In particular, it is disclosed that the wind turbine can be increased in size and output by using a bevel gear shaft having bevel gears at both ends as the connecting means.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55-131585 JP-A-57-372 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 57-56674 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-117850

However, in these conventional wind turbines, a plurality of wind turbine blades that revolve while rotating are mechanically connected to the revolution shaft. Therefore, the rotation of the windmill blade is uniquely defined based on the mechanical connection state, and the setting of the rotational position of the windmill blade is extremely limited.
In recent years, environmental problems have been greatly highlighted, and reduction of vibration and noise has become a major problem in windmills. For this reason, it is desirable to make the windmill itself a simple structure and to make a mechanism such as a gear as simple as possible. In addition, the conventional windmill has a mechanism for rotating the windmill blade via a gear or the like, and the size of the apparatus is inevitably increased, and the structure must be complicated.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to realize a highly reliable wind turbine with a simple structure of the wind turbine itself. Furthermore, the present invention allows the windmill blade to be rotated in the direction most efficient for receiving wind, so that the rotation of the windmill blade can be freely positioned regardless of the rotation of the revolution shaft, and the reverse rotation and the stop can be performed freely. Therefore, it is an object to provide an efficient wind turbine blade control method.

The present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
(1) A revolving shaft, a plurality of shaft supports fixed as a pair above and below the revolving shaft, and a plurality of sheets rotatably supported by a pair of upper and lower shaft supports via a windmill blade shaft A wind turbine blade control method for a wind turbine having a wind turbine blade, the brake and clutch provided on the wind turbine blade shaft, wherein the plurality of sheets are rotated for each revolution of the revolution shaft when a strong wind or a windstorm is not occurring. The angle of the wind turbine blade is adjusted by performing brake-off at least twice within a range in which the tip of the upper teeth of the brake / clutch does not come out of the groove of the lower teeth for each of the wind turbine blades. And a wind turbine blade control method.
(2) In the air cylinder provided on the shaft support, in the event of strong winds or windstorms, the upper teeth and lower teeth of the brake / clutch are disengaged to freely rotate the windmill blade and eliminate lift. (2) The wind turbine blade control method according to (1).

  According to the present invention, the windmill itself can have a simple structure, and, of course, of course, the windmill is not stopped even in the event of abnormalities such as strong winds or storms. You can drive with efficiency.

3D view showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention Detailed view of the cam portion of FIG. The top view which shows the state of the windmill blade in each position on the revolution circumference Plan view showing the state of the windmill blade at each position on the revolution circumference (when the windmill is rotating in inertia) The top view which shows the state of the windmill blade in each position on the revolution circumference (when the windmill stops naturally after the windmill blade clutch off) Longitudinal sectional view showing clutch on state of windmill blade Longitudinal sectional view showing clutch off state of windmill blade AA arrow view of FIG.

First, the details of the wind turbine of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, a wind turbine 1 includes a shaft support rods 3 a and 3 b in which a plurality of pairs are provided around the revolution shaft 2 and the revolution shaft 2 as a pair, and a wind turbine that is a rotation shaft of a wind turbine blade 5 on the shaft support rods 3 a and 3 b. The wind turbine blade 5 is mounted at an angle through blade shafts 4a and 4b, and a brake and clutch 6 is installed below the shaft support rod 3b. The output shaft of the brake / clutch 6b is connected to the windmill blade shaft 4b so that the angle of the windmill blade 5 can be controlled.

As shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 3, the shape of the wind turbine blade 5 is such that one of both ends of the longitudinal range in the cross section orthogonal to the wind turbine blade shafts 4 a and 4 b is the head, the other is the tail, and the head is the tail. The apportioning point that apportions the longitudinal range in the cross section so that the head side is shorter than the tail side is the connecting point of the wind turbine blade shafts 4a and 4b.
The revolution shaft 2 has an appropriate length, and its main point is fixed to the tower by bearings 13a and 13b to support the wind turbine 1 as a whole. Similarly, the revolution shaft 2 is provided with a spur gear 17 and is connected to the output shaft 20 via a spur gear 18 meshing with the spur gear 17. The output shaft 20 is connected to output devices such as a generator and a pump that are not shown.

  The anemometer 8 provided at the lower part of the windmill 1 can freely rotate regardless of the rotation of the revolution shaft 2. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 5, a cam 9 fixed to the anemometer 8 is rotatably supported by a revolving shaft 2, and a plurality of rollers 10 arranged inside the cam 9 are axially supported. When the windmill 1 rotates, it hits the cam 9 and moves to the inside of the cam 9. The movement of the roller 10 toward the inside of the cam 9 is converted by the rod 11 and the lever 12 into upward movement in the direction of the windmill blade shaft 4b, and this upward movement causes the pin of the brake / clutch 6 to move as shown in FIG. 13 is lifted to brake off the wind turbine blade 5.

  FIG. 7 is a view taken in the direction of arrow AA in FIG. 6 and shows a coupled state of the lower teeth 6b and the upper teeth 6a (shaded portions) of the brake and clutch 6. The upper teeth 6a and the lower teeth 6b are coupled with gaps between the tooth side surfaces at three locations in the circumferential direction. The brake-off means that the upper tooth 6a end face and the lower tooth 6b groove bottom face are not in contact with each other, and conversely, the upper tooth 6a end face and the lower tooth 6b groove bottom face are in contact with each other. That's it. Since the upper teeth 6a are always pressed downward by the spring 15 in the brake and clutch 6, the brake and clutch 6 are in a brake-on state unless the upper teeth 6a are lifted by the pins 13. The hinge 14 holds the lever 12.

  The wind turbine blade 5 in the brake-off state rotates so as to take an angle at which the resistance to the wind is minimized. The push-up amount of the pin 13 when the brake is off is in a range in which the tip of the upper tooth 6a of the brake / clutch 6 does not come out of the groove of the lower tooth 6b. This is to keep the elevation angle of the wind turbine blade 5 in a normal state below the stall angle and to prevent malfunction such as overshooting (lower teeth 6b are stopped by upper teeth 6a) when the brake is turned on / off. .

  The brake-off is performed at a repetition frequency of at least twice for each revolution of each of the plurality of wind turbine blades. If the repetition frequency of the brake-off for each windmill blade is less than twice for each revolution, the rotational resistance of the windmill is increased. Moreover, it is preferable from the point of easiness of design to make one brake-off time into about 1/100 to 1/200 of the revolution period.

  When a strong wind or storm blows (emergency), the rod 11 is moved to the revolving shaft 2 side (revolving radial direction center side) by the air cylinder 16 fixed on the shaft support 3b. This operation is referred to as “pushing the air cylinder 16”, and the reverse operation is referred to as “returning the air cylinder 16”. As a result, the lever 12 rotates more than usual, pushes the pin 13 of the brake / clutch 6a higher than when the brake is off, and the tip of the upper tooth 6a of the brake / clutch 6 comes out of the groove of the lower tooth 6b. In other words, the clutch is turned off. The state opposite to this is called the clutch-on state. The on / off switching related to the brake is performed in the clutch-on state. On the other hand, when the clutch is off, the windmill blade 5 is completely free to rotate (spin), and rotates (spins) so as to take an angle at which the resistance to wind is minimized. The direction of this rotation is the combined vector (FIGS. 2 and 3) of the reversal vector (V shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) of the revolution speed vector of the windmill 1 and the wind speed vector (W shown in FIGS. 2 and 3). In the direction of U). Although the linear velocity of the windmill and the wind velocity vector change every minute, the windmill blade 5 only rotates by a slight amount in response to this change, and no lift is generated. FIG. 3 shows the state of the wind turbine blade 5 at each position on the revolution circle at this time. As time passes, the wind turbine 1 stops rotating, and the blades 5 are aligned in the wind direction regardless of the position on the revolution circumference as shown in FIG.

  Next, details of a method for controlling the angle of the wind turbine blade 5 will be described. FIG. 1 shows an example of the arrangement of the revolution shaft 2 and the wind turbine blade 5 in which the wind turbine blade 5 is provided by arranging three pairs of shaft supports 3a and 3b at intervals of 120 degrees with the revolution shaft 2 as the center. Hereinafter, an example in which three windmill blades are used will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of windmill blades can be determined as appropriate.

First, the directions that the wind turbine blade 5 should take at each position on the revolution circumference during operation will be described with reference to FIG. However, the wind is blowing in the W direction, and the wind speed is normal.
Here, for easy explanation, a name is given to each position of the wind turbine blade 5 on the revolution circumference. The windmill blade 5 receives the wind and rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, and the windward position on the revolution circumference is a point C. A point of 90 degrees clockwise from point C is designated as point A, and each point with respect to the windward is determined in sequence, such as point B and point C, every 45 degrees counterclockwise from point A, and 315 degrees from point A. The position, that is, a position 45 degrees clockwise from the point A is set as the H point. In addition, the name of each point on the basis of this windward will be described below with the same point as the same name.

  An example in which the brake is released twice while the revolution shaft 2 makes one rotation will be described. When the brake is released at the angle α1 from the point A, the windmill blade 5 rotates (spins) in the direction of the combined vector U of the reversal vector V of the revolution speed vector of the windmill 1 and the wind speed vector W at the point of the angle α1. To do. The angle β1 is a rotation angle corresponding to the angle change time of the windmill blade 5. Similarly, when the brake is released at an angle α2 from the point E, the windmill blade 5 rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation at the point α1. β2 is also a rotation angle corresponding to the angle change time. The rotation direction of the rotation is the clockwise (clockwise) direction from the point A to the point E in the order of signs, and the leftward rotation (counterclockwise) direction at other points.

On the other hand, in the event of an emergency of strong wind or storm, the clutch is turned off by pushing the air cylinder 16 as described above (FIG. 6), and the windmill blade 5 has an inversion vector V of the revolution speed vector of the windmill 1 and a wind speed vector W. In the direction of the combined vector U (FIG. 3). Then, after a certain period of time, the windmill blade 5 becomes parallel to the wind direction (FIG. 4).
In FIG. 5, it is preferable that the operation of pushing the air cylinder 16 is automatically started when the rotational speed of the windmill 1 rises above a predetermined threshold value (set to the rotational speed when the wind is received in a strong wind). As a result, the clutch is turned off and the windmill blade 5 rotates freely, but loses lift, and the windmill 1 rotates due to inertia, and its rotational speed decreases.

And it is preferable that the operation | movement which returns the air cylinder 16 starts automatically, when the rotation speed of the inertial rotation of the windmill 1 falls below a predetermined threshold value. This restores the clutch-on state and returns to normal operation.
As the means for starting automatically, as shown in FIG. 5, the A point position setting device 19 fixed to the tower detects the passing time of the position detector 21 fixed to the wind turbine blade 5 individually. The operation of pushing / returning the air cylinder 16 is activated with the timing of detecting the passage time when the rotational speed of the wind turbine 1 derived from the individual passage time information becomes less than the predetermined threshold as the activation timing. A method is mentioned. In this activation timing, when switching from off to on, the wind turbine blade 5 to be activated is always passing the point A in FIG. 3 in a posture parallel to the wind direction. By setting the phase of the upper and lower teeth in advance so that the upper and lower teeth of 6a and 6b are exactly aligned, stable windmill blade angle control without meshing failure can be performed.

Thereby, the generator which is a load apparatus of the windmill 1 can be drive | operated with the maximum output, without stopping the windmill 1 at the time of a strong wind or a storm. The same applies when the load of the windmill 1 is a device other than the generator.
In the embodiment illustrated and described above, a cam that moves only by the wind power of the wind received by the windmill is used as the driving means for the on / off operation of the brake in normal times. For example, moving electromagnetic brakes, cylinders, etc. may be used.

1 Windmill 2 Revolving shaft 3a, 3b Shaft support (a is up, b is down)
4a, 4b Windmill blade shaft (a is up, b is down)
5 Windmill blade 6 Brake and clutch (6a is upper tooth, 6b is lower tooth)
8 Anemometer 9 Cam 10 Roller 11 Rod 12 Lever 13a, 13b Bearing 14 Hinge 15 Spring 16 Air cylinder 17, 18 Spur gear 19 A point position setter 20 Output shaft 21 Position detector

Claims (2)

  A revolving shaft, a plurality of shaft support rods fixed as a pair around the revolving shaft, and a plurality of wind turbine blades rotatably supported by a pair of upper and lower shaft support shafts via a wind turbine blade shaft; And a plurality of wind turbine blades for each revolution of the revolving shaft when the brake / clutch provided on the wind turbine blade shaft is not during strong winds or windstorms. For each of the above, the angle of the windmill blade is adjusted by performing brake-off at least twice within a range in which the tip of the upper teeth of the brake / clutch is not removed from the groove of the lower teeth. Windmill blade control method.   In the air cylinder provided on the shaft support, in the event of strong winds or windstorms, the upper teeth and lower teeth of the brake / clutch are disengaged to freely rotate the windmill blade and eliminate lift. The wind turbine blade control method according to claim 1.

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