JP2012107660A - Energy absorber, collision energy absorbing structure having the same, and railroad vehicle having the collision energy absorbing structure - Google Patents

Abstract

An energy absorber capable of absorbing a large collision energy in a small volume is provided.
A metal hollow profile 110 has a cylindrical structure. The hollow shape member 110 is manufactured by integral molding using extrusion or the like, and has a structure in which a part of the outer plate 210 is shifted inward with respect to the radial direction of the hollow shape member 110. As a result, the outer plate 210 ′ displaced inward has a structure for supporting the ribs 230, 230, so that the buckling load of the ribs 230 increases. In the hollow shape member 110, the buckling load of the outer plate 210 is reduced by shifting inward. Since the load when continuously deforming in a shape can be maintained high, it is possible to efficiently absorb large collision energy with a small volume.
[Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to an energy absorber that absorbs energy by deformation, and relates to a collision energy absorbing structure including the energy absorber and a railcar including the collision energy absorbing structure.

  Unexpected collisions can occur with rail vehicles. As described in Non-Patent Document 1, in order to keep the safety of passengers / passengers boarding railway vehicles against such unexpected collisions, the space of passengers / passengers boarding A structure for absorbing the collision energy is attached to the front and rear.

  As a member that absorbs the collision energy, a member that absorbs the collision energy by causing a deformation that is folded at a constant period on the side surface of the member, that is, a bellows-like deformation is known.

  Patent Document 1 discloses an energy absorbing member that increases the amount of energy absorption by increasing the load when the above-described bellows-like deformation is generated by previously twisting the member.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 has a structure in which two cylindrical members having different cross-sectional areas are coaxially integrated by processing or end welding, but the above-described bellows-like deformation occurs in the structure. Instead, the energy absorbing structure is disclosed in which one member of the structure is pushed into the other member to reduce the peak load at the start of member deformation and reduce the load change at the time of member deformation progress. ing.

  Further, in Patent Document 3, an energy absorbing member composed of two face plates produced by extrusion and ribs connecting the face plates, and the energy absorbing member are arranged so that the extrusion direction and the vehicle longitudinal direction coincide with each other. An impact collapsing structure is disclosed.

JP-A-9-109920 JP 2001-241478 A JP 2008-260531 A

A. Sutton, THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAIL VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS, Proceedings of Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F, Vol.216, pp.97-108 (2002).

  When the collision energy is absorbed by the above bellows-like deformation, the load at the time of the first folding of the member (hereinafter referred to as the initial peak load) is compared with the load at the time of the subsequent folding (hereinafter referred to as the average load). And expensive. For this reason, in an energy absorber having a certain length, if the amount of energy absorption is increased by increasing the cross-sectional area, the initial peak load inevitably increases. As a result, there is a high possibility that deformation and damage will occur in the passenger car space adjacent to the collision energy absorbing structure. Conversely, if the initial peak load is reduced by reducing the cross-sectional area of the energy absorber, the amount of energy absorbed per unit length is reduced. Therefore, in order to ensure the necessary energy absorption amount, it may be necessary to increase the length of the energy absorber.

  The technique according to Patent Document 1 increases the average load, but does not disclose a reduction in the difference between the initial peak load and the average load.

  In the technique according to Patent Document 1, since the member is torsionally deformed, the installation area required for the member per unit volume may increase.

  In the technique according to Patent Document 2 described above, the difference between the initial peak load and the average load is reduced, but high-precision processing and welding are required to ensure the reliability of the energy absorber, making it difficult to manufacture. There is.

  The technique according to Patent Document 3 absorbs a lot of collision energy, but does not disclose a reduction in the difference between the initial peak load and the average load.

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances of the prior art, and can reduce the difference between the initial peak load and the average load, and can be manufactured by integral molding such as extrusion. An object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable energy absorber that can absorb a large collision energy in a smaller volume, is easy to manufacture, and a collision energy absorbing structure in which such an energy absorber is arranged.

The object is a metal member produced by integral molding using extrusion or the like, and the member is an energy absorber comprising a plurality of face plates and ribs connecting the face plates, the face plate Are disposed in the circumferential direction, and the ribs are radially formed from the center, and are formed in a cylindrical hollow structure, and a part of the face plate has the ribs adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction in the radial direction of the ribs. It can be achieved by an energy absorber characterized by being connected at a position divided into two.
The energy absorber is formed in a cylindrical shape in which a hollow structure including a face plate and a rib constitutes the entire circumference, and a part of the face plate is connected at a dividing position where the rib is divided in the radial direction of the tube. And a metal member produced by integral molding using extrusion or the like. The metal member is arranged so that the extrusion direction and the collision direction coincide.

  According to the present invention, as the buckling load of the outer plate is reduced by shifting a part of the outer plate forming the energy absorber to the inside in the radial direction, the initial peak load becomes the same or lower, but the rib seating is reduced. Since the increase in the bending load exceeds the decrease in the buckling load of the outer plate, the average load becomes high, and as a result, the difference between the initial peak load and the average load can be reduced. Moreover, since it is produced by integral molding such as extrusion, large collision energy can be efficiently absorbed by the small-volume collision energy absorbing structure. Furthermore, the energy absorber and the collision energy absorbing structure in which such an energy absorber is arranged are easy to manufacture and highly reliable.

It is the schematic diagram which showed the example of the rail vehicle provided with the collision energy absorption structure. It is the schematic diagram which looked at the railway vehicle shown in FIG. 1 from the vehicle end side in the vehicle longitudinal direction. It is sectional drawing explaining the shape of the energy absorber which concerns on a prior art invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the shape of the energy absorber of Example 1 which concerns on this invention. It is a figure explaining reduction of the difference of an initial peak load and an average load. It is the table | surface shown about the increase in average load and energy absorption amount. It is sectional drawing explaining the shape of the energy absorber of Example 2. FIG. It is sectional drawing explaining the shape of the energy absorber of Example 3. FIG. It is sectional drawing explaining the shape of the energy absorber of Example 4. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a collision energy absorbing structure of Example 5. FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the collision energy absorption structure of Example 6.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of an energy absorber according to the present invention, a collision energy absorption structure including the energy absorber, and a railway vehicle including the collision energy absorption structure will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the railway vehicle structure 1 includes a frame 2 constituting a floor, a roof structure 3 constituting a roof, a side structure 4 constituting left and right side walls with respect to the vehicle longitudinal direction, and a vehicle longitudinal direction. It is formed from a wife structure 5 that constitutes an end wall that closes both ends of the vehicle with respect to the direction. The side structure 4 has openings for windows and entrances, and the wife structure 5 has openings for entrances and exits.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a railway vehicle structure 1 having the above structure includes a survival space 10 that protects the lives of passengers and passengers at the time of collision, and collision energy that is absorbed by converting energy generated at the time of collision into plastic deformation energy. The crushable zone 20 is provided with an absorption structure 100. The survival space 10 is arranged at the center in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and crushable zones 20 (only one crushable zone 20 is shown in FIG. 1) are arranged at both ends thereof.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the collision energy absorbing structure 100 is arranged in a region below the crushable zone 20 and is attached to the end of the base frame 2 of the survival space 10 in a cantilever manner. The energy absorber 110 is configured. Each energy absorber 110 has a structure in which the pushing direction and the longitudinal direction of the vehicle coincide with each other. The energy absorbers 110A and 110B attached to the ends of the frame 2 are arranged symmetrically in the vehicle width direction with respect to the vehicle body width center, and the ends of the energy absorbers 110A and 110B are the wife structure. The protrusion amount is different (protrusion difference d) on the vehicle end outer side than the end face 5.

The first embodiment of the collision energy absorbing structure according to the present invention is configured by changing a part of the structure of the energy absorber 110 disclosed in Patent Document 3 and shown in FIG. That is, the energy absorber 110 shown in FIG. 3 includes an outer plate 210 and an inner plate 220, and a plurality of ribs 230 that extend in the radial direction and connect between corresponding corners of the outer plate 210 and the inner plate 220. Has been. In this collision energy absorption structure, as shown in FIG. 4, a part of the outer plate 210 is shifted inward in the radial direction of the energy absorber 110, so that the ribs 230, 230 adjacent in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical shape are It is characterized by a structure that is integrally connected at an intermediate position divided in the radial direction. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, in the energy absorber 110 having a polygonal cross section (an even number such as an octagon), the outer plate 210 constituting the circumferential side of the cylindrical shape is alternately shifted inward and outward in the radial direction. ing. In FIG. 3, D ₁ , D ₂ , and D ₃ are the distance between the opposed outer plates 210 and 210, the distance between the opposed inner plates 220 and 220, and the distance between the outer plate 210 and the inner plate 220, respectively. It is. The energy absorber 110 is formed by connecting two circumferentially adjacent ribs 230, 230 with a cylindrical radially outer outer plate 210 and a cylindrical radially inner plate 220. It has a large hollow structure. Also, a relatively small hollow structure is formed together with the inner plate 220 by connecting a part of the outer plate 210 ′ at an intermediate position divided in the radial direction of the ribs 230 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction. The hollow structure having the outer plate 210 ′ is arranged with at least one hollow structure having the outer plate 210 connected at the radially outermost position of the ribs 230, 230 sandwiched in the circumferential direction.

  In the energy absorber 110 having the above-described structure, the buckling load of the outer plate 210 is reduced by shifting a part of the outer plate 210 inward in the radial direction. Since the 230 and 230 are supported at their intermediate positions, the buckling load of the ribs 230 and 230 increases.

  Here, in a cylindrical member composed of plates having different plate widths, the first buckling deformation occurs on a plate having the largest plate width and the lowest buckling load. That is, in the energy absorber 100, the first buckling deformation occurs in the outer plate 210 arranged on the outermost side in the radial direction. Therefore, the initial peak load is determined by the buckling load of the outer plate 210. However, the average load is determined by the buckling load of all the plates constituting the energy absorber 100.

  For the above reasons, in the energy absorber 100 according to the present invention, as the buckling load of the outer plate 210 ′ is decreased due to the shift to the inside as compared with the energy absorber according to the conventional invention, the initial peak load is Although the same or lower, since the increase in the buckling load of the ribs 230 and 230 exceeds the decrease in the buckling load of the outer plate 210 ′, the average load increases.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 5 as an increase in the average crush load / maximum load, the energy absorber 100 according to the present invention has an initial peak load and an average crush load as compared with the energy absorber according to the prior art. The difference is reduced.

  In the load-displacement diagram shown in FIG. 5, the area surrounded by the load-displacement diagram is the amount of energy absorbed by the energy absorber. Therefore, when comparing the energy absorber according to the present invention and the energy absorber according to the present invention, when the initial peak load is the same, the energy absorber according to the present invention can obviously absorb more energy. .

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, in the case where the ratio (Δ ₀ / D ₃ ) between the amount Δ _{0 of} shifting the outer plate 210 to the outer plate 210 ′ and the distance between the outer plate 210 and the inner plate 220 is 0.5. Compared with the energy absorber according to the present invention, the energy absorber according to the present invention increases the average load / initial peak load value by 18.2%, and crushes 60% of the total length of the energy absorber. The amount of energy absorbed is increased by 10.9%.

  The cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 7 is an embodiment in which ribs 230 and 230 adjacent in the circumferential direction are connected by a plurality of plates 210 ′ at a plurality of positions where the ribs 230 and 230 are divided in the radial direction of the energy absorber 110. (Corresponding to claim 1). The plurality of plates 210 ′ are preferably arranged in parallel to the inner plate 220 and to each other in terms of shock absorption balance. When the ribs 230 and 230 are connected by a plurality of plates 210 ′, the buckling load of the outer plate 210 increases as compared with the energy absorber having the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. On the other hand, since the buckling load of the rib 230 increases, the difference between the average load and the initial peak load is kept small, and more energy can be efficiently absorbed. Therefore, the user may select the dividing point of the ribs 230 and 230 and the number of plates connected at the dividing point based on the allowable initial peak load and the required energy absorption amount.

  The cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by connecting all the ribs 230 with the plates 210 ′ at the positions divided in the radial direction of the energy absorber 110 by shifting all the outer plates radially inward. This is an embodiment in which the number of 'is increased (corresponding to claim 1). By displacing all the outer plates, the energy absorber 110 has a cross-sectional shape with high bending rigidity in all directions. Therefore, even when a bending moment acts from all directions, it can efficiently absorb energy. Is possible.

  The cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 9 is provided with an outer plate 210 on the outer side in the radial direction and an inner plate 220 on the inner side in the radial direction over the entire circumference of the energy absorber 110, and over the entire circumference of the energy absorber 110. In this embodiment, all the ribs 230 are divided in the radial direction of the energy absorber 110 and all the ribs 230 are connected by the intermediate plate 240 at the divided positions. Correspondence). Since the energy absorber 110 having a triple skin structure is superior in extrusion processability compared to the energy absorber having the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 4, it is easier to manufacture a member that can efficiently absorb energy. Is possible.

  FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a collision energy absorbing structure 100 formed by connecting a plurality of energy absorbers 110 according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments in the longitudinal axis direction (corresponding to claim 6). It is shown. In the collision energy absorbing structure 100, a plurality of energy absorbers 110 are arranged in series in the longitudinal axis direction between the distal end side closing plate 300A and the proximal end side closing plate 300B with the end plate 310 interposed therebetween. Concatenated. The collision energy absorbing structure 100 is fixed to the frame 2 by fastening the end closing plate 300 </ b> B to the end 6 of the frame 2 with fasteners (bolts and nuts) 320. The collision energy absorbing structure 100 has a structure in which a plurality of energy absorbers 110 are connected in the longitudinal axis direction, so that the overall buckling (Euler buckling) strength is greater than that of a single energy absorber having the same length. Therefore, collision energy can be absorbed more reliably.

  FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a collision energy absorbing structure 100 formed by arranging a plurality of energy absorbers 110 according to any of the first to fourth embodiments so that the extrusion directions are aligned (corresponding to claim 7). It is shown. The collision energy absorbing structure 100 is configured by arranging the structure 100 shown in FIG. 10 in parallel with respect to the end portion 6 of the frame 2. Since the collision energy absorbing structure 100 has a structure in which a plurality of energy absorbers 110 are arranged, the collision energy can be absorbed in a wide range of the structure. However, it is possible to reliably absorb the collision energy.

  In the collision energy absorbing structure described in the sixth embodiment, it is desirable to dispose the tip portions of the plurality of energy absorbers 110 in the longitudinal direction as shown in FIGS. By disposing the tip portions in this manner, the timing at which the crushing of the energy absorbers 110 is shifted, so that the peak load of the entire collision energy absorbing structure 100 can be reduced.

  In each of the above embodiments, no other member is contained in the space surrounded by the hollow member, but a member that absorbs energy may be disposed. For example, when foamed aluminum or a honeycomb panel is disposed, the energy absorption amount can be further increased.

  In the energy absorber described above, the cross-sectional shape is an octagon or a part of a face plate that forms an octagon is shifted, but another polygon or a part of a face plate that forms a polygon. The shape may be a shifted shape, or a shape in which a circle or a part of the face plate forming the circle is shifted.

  Since the energy absorber described above can be manufactured by extrusion processing (integral molding) of a metal material such as an aluminum alloy, for example, it has an advantage of easy manufacturing and high reliability.

  Since the energy absorber described above has a cross-sectional shape with high bending rigidity, even when a bending moment acts on the entire energy absorber, collapse is prevented. Therefore, for example, when a railway vehicle travels on a curve, a bending moment acts on the energy absorber, but even in a collision under such a situation, the collision energy can be reliably absorbed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Railroad vehicle structure 2 ... Underframe 3 ... Roof structure 4 ... Side structure 5 ... Wife structure 6 ... End part 10 of the underframe ... Survival space 20 ... Crushable zone 100 ... Collision energy absorption structure 110, 110A, 110B ... Energy Absorber 210 ... Outer plate 210 '... Outer plate 220 shifted inward ... Inner plate 230 ... Rib 240 ... Middle plate 300A, 300B ... End closing plate 310 ... End plate 320 ... Fastener (bolt, nut)

Claims (10)

In an energy absorber formed by integral molding, wherein the member is composed of ribs that connect a plurality of face plates and face plates,
The face plate is arranged in a circumferential direction, and the ribs are radially formed from the center, and is formed in a cylindrical hollow structure. An energy absorber which is connected at a position divided in a radial direction. The energy absorber according to claim 1,
The hollow structure is formed by connecting two ribs adjacent in the circumferential direction with a cylindrical radially outer outer plate and a cylindrical radial inner plate.
The hollow structure formed by connecting a part of the outer plate at a position divided in the radial direction of the rib is formed by connecting the outer plate at an outermost position in the radial direction of the rib. An energy absorber characterized by being disposed with at least one hollow structure interposed therebetween in the circumferential direction. The energy absorber according to claim 1 or 2,
The position of the rib divided in the radial direction is a single division position or a plurality of division positions, and the outer plate connecting the ribs at the division position is arranged in parallel with the inner plate. Characteristic energy absorber. The energy absorber according to claim 1,
An energy absorber, wherein all the ribs are connected at the divided positions by shifting all the outer plates radially inward of the cylindrical hollow structure. The energy absorber according to claim 1,
An outer plate and an inner plate are provided on the radially outer side and the radially inner side over the entire circumference, respectively, and all the ribs are connected with the middle plate at the divided positions divided in the radial direction over the entire circumference. An energy absorber characterized by having a triple skin structure. A collision energy absorption structure comprising a plurality of the energy absorbers according to any one of claims 1 to 5 connected in a longitudinal axis direction. A collision energy absorbing structure, wherein a plurality of the energy absorbers according to any one of claims 1 to 5 are arranged side by side so as to align the extrusion direction. The collision energy absorption structure according to claim 6 or 7,
The collision energy absorbing structure is applied to a railway vehicle,
A plurality of the energy absorbers are disposed in a region below a crushable zone provided in the railway vehicle and are attached to an end of a base frame of a survival space in a cantilever manner. Construction. The collision energy absorption structure according to claim 6 or 7,
The collision energy absorbing structure is applied to a railway vehicle,
The plurality of energy absorbers are arranged symmetrically in the vehicle body width direction with respect to the vehicle body width center of the railway vehicle, and each tip portion is arranged shifted in the longitudinal direction. Absorbing structure.   A railway vehicle comprising the collision energy absorbing structure according to any one of claims 6 to 9 at an end portion in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

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