JP2012152010A - Power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

When electret power generation operation is performed by bending a counter electrode, for example, when it vibrates at 50 Hz, if one cycle of bending is considered as one time, bending and stretching will be repeated about 1.6 billion times. For this reason, there is a problem that it is difficult to ensure long-term reliability. Moreover, in order to divert the power generation device for a plane direction, there has been a problem that it requires a large amount of modification and is not practical.
A stationary substrate and a movable substrate provided with an electret are floated against gravity using magnets and electrets that repel each other. When vibration is applied in this state, the movable substrate vibrates (vertical vibration) in the normal direction of the fixed substrate. The distance between the fixed substrate and the movable substrate changes according to this vibration. That is, the electric capacity between the fixed substrate and the movable substrate changes, and a current is generated along with this change in capacitance. That is, it is possible to generate power using vibration in the direction of gravity.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generator.

As a power generation device, a device in which a fixed substrate and a movable substrate are arranged to face each other and electrostatic induction type power generation is performed by vibration of the movable substrate is known.
In this case, for example, the fixed substrate includes a fixed electrode that is processed into a comb shape by superposing a conductor and a charging member (electret) on a surface facing the movable substrate.
The movable substrate includes a movable electrode that overlaps a part of the fixed electrode in a plan view of the fixed substrate on a surface facing the fixed electrode side of the fixed substrate.
When the movable substrate is vibrated in the plane direction of the fixed substrate, the vibrational energy applied to the movable electrodes changes the Coulomb attractive force between the electrodes. Then, the change is recovered as electric power to be converted into electric energy. That is, power generation is performed.

  As described above, as directions for vibrating the fixed substrate and the movable substrate, those that vibrate in the plane direction are known.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, an electret film and a counter electrode are provided, the counter electrode functions as a mechanical switch, and a charge generated according to the vibration direction of the counter electrode is output with a constant polarity, so that there is no rectifying element. A configuration for accumulating electric charge in a capacitor is disclosed.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a configuration in which a magnetic bearing is used as a movable part and a magnet is embedded in a fixed substrate so as to return to a stationary position by attractive force due to a magnetic field.

JP 2009-171821 A JP 2008-113517 A

However, in the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the power generation operation is performed by bending the counter electrode, the mechanical life of the counter electrode may be shortened. For example, in the case of vibration at 50 Hz, if one period of bending is considered as one time, bending and stretching will be repeated about 1.6 billion times a year. Although depending on the use conditions, the life of a general spring is about 10 million to 100 million times in terms of the number of bending and stretching, and there is a problem that it is difficult to ensure long-term reliability.
In addition, there is a limit to the electrical life of contacts, and even a highly reliable mechanical switch is unlikely to withstand opening and closing 10 million times, and it is difficult to ensure long-term reliability from this aspect as well. was there.
In the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 2, power can be generated in the horizontal direction (the direction in which the movable substrate supports the fixed substrate against gravity). In other words, it is difficult to hold the movable substrate and the fixed substrate, which makes it difficult to generate power.

  SUMMARY An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to solve at least a part of the problems described above, and the invention can be implemented as the following forms or application examples.

  Application Example 1 A power generation device according to this application example is a power generation device that generates power by receiving an external force having a force component in the gravitational direction, holds electric charges, and sets an electret electrode for power generation on the first surface side. A first substrate provided; a second substrate provided opposite to the first surface with a space therebetween; and the second substrate provided so that the first surface and the second surface face each other; A conductive electrode having a power generating conductor at least partially overlapping the electret electrode in a plan view of the first surface, the substrate being provided on the second surface side, and the first substrate and the second substrate; One substrate is fixed, and the other substrate is restrained from moving in the plan view direction, and the degree of freedom of movement in two directions is set to the normal line of the first substrate and the second substrate. A frame that restricts movement when the distance is given and exceeds the predetermined distance range. The first substrate side and the second surface side projecting from each other and at least partly overlapping in the plan view, and generating a repulsive force with the first substrate. In the case where there is a concern about collision between the electret electrode and the conductor electrode due to the external force while separating the second substrate, the electret electrode or the conductor electrode may be used to avoid collision between the electret electrode and the conductor electrode. And a buffer portion that collides before the conductor electrode, wherein the one substrate is disposed closer to the gravitational direction than the other substrate, and generates electric power when receiving the external force.

  According to this, an external force is supported by supporting any surface (the surface opposite to the first surface or the second surface) of the first substrate and the second substrate against gravity (may be inclined). Can generate electricity. When the first substrate and the second substrate are relatively vibrated by an external force, the capacitance between the first power generation electrode and the second power generation electrode changes. And since the 1st electric power generation electrode hold | maintains an electric charge, an electric current can be taken out by this capacitance change. That is, it can generate electricity. Hereinafter, “up” is defined as a direction against gravity (attraction), and “down” is defined as a direction opposite to “up”.

  Application Example 2 The power generation apparatus according to the application example described above, further including a third substrate facing the second substrate with the first substrate interposed therebetween, wherein the second substrate and the third substrate are The first substrate is fixed to a frame, and is provided to move between the second substrate and the third substrate. The electret electrode is disposed on the first surface side of the third substrate in the plan view. And a second conductor electrode having a power generating conductor that at least partially overlaps the surface, and a surface of the first substrate on the third substrate side is provided with a second electret electrode that holds electric charges, Projecting on the third substrate side and the first substrate side of the third substrate, respectively, are provided so as to overlap at least partly in the plan view, and by generating a force repelling each other, While separating from the third substrate, the external force If there is a concern about the collision between the electret electrode and the conductor electrode, the first electret electrode or the conductor electrode may collide before the electret electrode or the conductor electrode in order to avoid the collision between the second electret electrode and the second conductor electrode. And 2 buffer parts.

  According to the application example described above, since it is possible to generate power regardless of which side of the second substrate side or the third substrate side is upward, it is possible to generate power by external force without confirming the orientation at the time of installation. .

  [Application Example 3] The power generation apparatus according to the application example described above, further including a fourth substrate facing the first substrate with the second substrate interposed therebetween, and the first substrate and the fourth substrate are The second substrate is fixed to a frame, and is provided to move between the first substrate and the fourth substrate. The conductor electrode is disposed on the first substrate side of the fourth substrate in the plan view. And a third electret electrode for power generation that at least partially overlaps and retains electric charge, and the surface of the second substrate on the fourth substrate side has at least a portion of the electret electrode in the plan view. A third conductor electrode having a power generating conductor overlapping and electrically insulated from the conductor electrode; and on the fourth substrate side of the second substrate and on the second substrate side of the fourth substrate , Each projecting and overlapping at least partially in the plan view The second substrate and the fourth substrate are separated from each other by generating repulsive forces, and the external force collides first to avoid a collision between the third electret electrode and the third conductor electrode. And a second buffer part.

  According to the application example described above, the outer surfaces (surfaces opposite to the second substrate) of the first substrate and the fourth substrate are electrically insulated. Therefore, power generation can be performed without providing a new insulation mechanism.

  Application Example 4 In the power generation device according to the application example described above, the buffer unit or the second buffer unit is a magnet provided in a repulsive direction or an electret film charged with the same polarity. And

  According to the application example described above, since the first substrate or the second substrate can be supported without consuming energy, a power generation device with high power generation efficiency can be provided.

  Application Example 5 In the power generation device according to the application example described above, at least one of the buffer unit and the second buffer unit is a protection that reduces an impact when a tip of a protruding region collides. It is characterized by being covered with a film.

  According to the application example described above, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the repulsive force due to the impact by covering the magnet and the electret film that are vulnerable to contact and impact with the protective film.

  Application Example 6 In the power generation device according to the application example described above, the other substrate having mobility has a shape reinforced with a honeycomb structure or a dome shape.

  According to the application example described above, the strength of the first substrate or the second substrate can be increased, and deformation is suppressed even when an external force is applied, and a stable power generation operation can be performed.

  Application Example 7 In the power generation device according to the application example, the frame has a positional relationship in which the first surface and the second surface face each other when the other substrate moves along the normal direction. It is further characterized by further comprising a guide rail for supporting the other substrate for maintaining the above.

  According to the application example described above, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon that the substrate having mobility is twisted, and the power generation operation can be performed without stopping the vibration due to the twist being caught by the frame.

(A) is a top view of an electric power generating apparatus, (b) is the sectional view on the A-A 'line of (a). The schematic diagram which shows an example of the structure which enlarges the mechanical strength of a movable substrate main body. (A)-(d) is sectional drawing which shows the state in the area | region which produces electric power, (e) is a graph which shows the motion (namely, electric current) of the electric charge in each step. (A) is a top view of an electric power generating apparatus, (b) is the sectional view on the A-A 'line of (a). (A)-(d) is sectional drawing which shows the state in the area | region which produces electric power, (e) is a graph which shows the motion (namely, electric current) of the electric charge in each step. (A) is a top view of an electric power generating apparatus, (b) is the sectional view on the A-A 'line of (a). (A)-(d) is sectional drawing which shows the state in the area | region which produces electric power, (e) is a graph which shows the motion (namely, electric current) of the electric charge in each step.

  Hereinafter, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, the first embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the first embodiment, a power generation device that generates power based on vibration in one axial direction will be described. Hereinafter, “upper” indicates the direction against gravity (attraction), and “lower” indicates the opposite direction of “upper”. The description will be continued with the upward direction as the Z + direction and the downward direction as the Z− direction.

Fig.1 (a) is a top view of a power generator, (b) is the sectional view on the AA 'line of Fig.1 (a). Here, the power generation apparatus 100 is installed such that the fixed substrate 120 faces downward. Here, it is also preferable to put a mark indicating the upper side (or the lower side) of the power generation device 100 on the power generation device 100, so that the power generation device 100 can be in a state where power can be generated reliably.
Note that the guide rail 102 is originally hidden in the plan view, but is illustrated in a transparent form here.

The power generation device 100 includes a lid 101, a guide rail 102, an outer frame 103, a magnet 104 as a buffer portion, a protective film 105, a fixed substrate body 106, a conductor electrode 107, an electret electrode 108, a movable substrate body 109, and a collecting electrode 110. .
The movable substrate 130 as the first substrate (the other substrate) includes the current collecting electrode 110 and the electret electrode 108 on the first surface side of the movable substrate main body 109.
The fixed substrate 120 as the second substrate (one substrate) includes a conductor electrode 107 on the second surface side of the fixed substrate body 106.
The lid 101 as the frame and the outer frame 103 as the frame also cooperate to suppress the movement of the fixed substrate body 106 in the plan view direction, and to move the fixed substrate body 106 along the normal direction. When the degree of freedom is given within a predetermined distance range and the predetermined distance range is exceeded, it has a function of restricting movement. As the predetermined distance range, for example, a value of about 100 μm to about 10 mm can be taken.
The guide rail 102 guides the movable substrate 130 so as to prevent the movable substrate 130 from being twisted and to perform the vertical movement stably. Here, the guide rail 102 is not an essential configuration and can be omitted.
The magnets 104 are provided so as to repel each other, and have a function of generating a force that floats the movable substrate 130. Here, instead of the magnet 104, an electret film storing the same type of charge may be used as a repulsive force source.
The protective film 105 has a function of protecting the magnets 104 so that the magnets 104 do not directly collide with each other. Further, the protective film 105 functions effectively even when an electret film that stores the same type of charge is used as a repulsive force source instead of the magnet 104. Here, the protective film 105 is not an essential component and can be omitted.
The fixed substrate body 106 has a function of supporting the conductor electrode 107.
The conductor electrode 107 has a function of generating electric power based on the energy when receiving external force in cooperation with the electret electrode 108 and the collector electrode 110.
The movable substrate body 109 supports the current collecting electrode 110 and the electret electrode 108.
The cushion 112 has a function of buffering so that the movable substrate 130 does not come into direct contact with the lid 101 when the movable substrate 130 is greatly shaken upward. That is, the predetermined distance range is between the lid 101 and the fixed substrate 120.

Here, the movable substrate body 109 is often made of glass of about several hundreds of micrometers, and there are cases where it is desired to increase the mechanical strength. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a structure for increasing the mechanical strength of the movable substrate body 109. As the shape of the movable substrate body 109, the mechanical strength can be improved as compared with a simple flat plate structure by reinforcing the honeycomb structure shown in FIG. 2A or the dome shape shown in FIG. 2B. .
In the present embodiment, the case where the second substrate as the fixed substrate 120 is fixed and the first substrate as the movable substrate 130 has mobility has been described. good. That is, the fixed substrate 120 can be read as the first substrate, and the movable substrate 130 can be read as the second substrate.

<Power generation mechanism>
Hereinafter, power generation is performed when an external force is applied to the fixed substrate main body 106, the fixed substrate 120 including the conductor electrode 107, and the movable substrate main body 109, the collector electrode 110, and the movable substrate 130 including the electret electrode 108. The mechanism will be described.
FIGS. 3A to 3D are cross-sectional views showing states in a region where power generation is performed. FIG. 3E is a graph showing the movement of electric charges (that is, current) in each step.

  In step S1, as shown in FIG. 3A, when the movable substrate 130 is not vibrating, the electric lines of force (indicated by arrows) are temporally (indicated by t as the horizontal axis in FIG. 3E). ), The electric power generated by the change in the state of the electric lines of force does not occur. Therefore, no power generation is performed as indicated by S1 in FIG.

  Next, in step S2, when the movable substrate 130 moves upward (Z + direction) as shown in FIG. 3B by receiving an external force, the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 of the fixed substrate 120 are separated. . That is, the capacity of the capacitor formed by the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 is reduced. As the capacity decreases, the charge moves through an external circuit (not shown). That is, the current i flows as indicated by S2 in FIG. Then, when moving in the Z + direction and resting, the movement of the charge is finished, and the movement of the charge, that is, the current i stops.

  Next, as step S3, as shown in FIG. 3C, when the movable substrate 130 comes closer to the stationary position, the capacitance of the capacitor composed of the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 is increased. As the capacity increases, the charge moves, and a current -i flows in the direction opposite to that in the case of FIG. 3B, that is, as shown by S3 in FIG.

  Next, as step S4, as shown in FIG. 3D, when the movable substrate 130 is returned to the stationary position, the capacitance of the capacitor constituted by the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 is reduced as compared with the state of step S3. . As the capacity decreases, charge starts to move through an external circuit (not shown). And power generation by external force is continued by returning to the state of Step S2.

  Here, when the power generation apparatus 100 has a sealed structure, if the movable substrate 130 vibrates, air pressure is applied to the movable substrate 130, and power generation efficiency may be reduced. Therefore, it is also preferable to reduce the air resistance by reducing the pressure inside the power generation apparatus 100 or to open the through-hole in the outer frame 103 of the power generation apparatus 100 to release the air pressure. It is also preferable to give the outer frame 103 a structure in which columnar members are combined or a mesh shape.

  The power generator described above has the following effects.

  It is now possible to generate electricity using vibration in the direction of gravity, which was difficult to handle with conventional formats.

  For example, electric power can be generated without using a conductor electrode or electret electrode provided in a comb shape. That is, the entire surface of the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 can contribute to power generation, and does not require a pattern for reducing power generation efficiency such as a comb-like gap, so that the power generation efficiency is improved as compared with the conventional power generation apparatus. be able to.

  By providing the mark indicating the vertical direction, it is possible to generate power more reliably using the power generation apparatus 100.

  By providing the guide rail 102, the movable substrate 130 can be guided so that the movable substrate 130 is prevented from being twisted and can be moved up and down stably.

  By using the magnet 104 or the electret film storing the same type of charge as the repulsive force source, the movable substrate 130 can be held in a floating state without using a spring having a short mechanical life.

  A magnet 104 or an electret film storing the same type of electric charge is provided so as to protrude toward the fixed substrate 120 side of the movable substrate 130, and the magnet 104 is placed on the fixed substrate 120 and the movable substrate 130 side at a position overlapping the fixed substrate 120 in plan view. In addition, by providing an electret film that stores the same type of electric charge, even if the movable substrate 130 shakes greatly, the magnet 104 and the electret film serve as a buffer portion, and the collision between the fixed substrate 120 and the movable substrate 130 is avoided. be able to.

  By providing the protective film 105 so that the magnets 104 and the electret films do not directly collide with each other, the amplitude of the movable substrate 130 can be controlled while suppressing the magnetic force of the magnets 104 and the charge amount in the electret film. .

  By providing the cushion 112 on the lid 101, even if the lid 101 swings greatly toward the lid 101, collision between the movable substrate 130 and the lid 101 can be avoided, and a decrease in charge of the electret electrode 108 can be prevented.

  In many cases, the movable substrate body 109 is made of glass having a size of several hundreds of micrometers, and there is a case where it is desired to increase the mechanical strength. In that case, the mechanical strength higher than that of a simple flat plate structure can be improved by reinforcing the movable substrate body 109 with a honeycomb structure or by taking a dome shape.

  A configuration in which the inside of the power generation device 100 is decompressed to reduce air resistance, a configuration in which a through hole is formed in the outer frame 103 of the power generation device 100 to release air pressure, a structure in which the outer frame 103 is combined with a columnar member, a mesh By giving the shape, it is possible to reduce the air resistance and generate power with high power generation efficiency.

  In this embodiment, the example provided with the columnar shape in the plan view of the fixed substrate 120 has been described. By providing a cylindrical shape, it can be used in place of existing AA batteries or button batteries.

  Here, an example in which the fixed substrate 120 has a columnar shape in plan view has been described, but this may have a shape such as a rectangle, a hexagon, a right isosceles triangle, or the like. In this case, since the plane can be filled without a gap, when the power generation devices 100 are arranged side by side, it is possible to arrange the power generation devices 100 with a high density, and the power generation efficiency can be further increased.

(Second Embodiment)
Hereinafter, the second embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The main difference from the first embodiment is that a configuration for generating power is also added to the upper side of the power generation apparatus 100.
4A is a plan view of the power generation device, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. The same component numbers as those described in the first embodiment are given the same figure numbers. In the case where the functions are almost the same, the description is omitted to avoid duplication.
The power generation device 200 includes a guide rail 102, an outer frame 103, a magnet 104, a protective film 105, a fixed substrate body 106, a conductor electrode 107, an electret electrode 108, a movable substrate body 209, a magnet 204 as a second buffer portion, and a protective film 205. A fixed substrate body 206, a conductor electrode 207 as a second conductor electrode, and an electret electrode 208 as a second electret electrode.

The movable substrate 230 as the first substrate includes a movable substrate body 209, the electret electrode 108, and the electret electrode 208.
The fixed substrate 220 as the third substrate includes a fixed substrate body 206 and a conductor electrode 207.
The current collecting electrode 110 described in the first embodiment is not necessary in this structure. The reason why it becomes unnecessary will be described later.
The protective film 205 has a function of protecting the magnets 204 so that the magnets 204 do not directly collide with each other. Further, the protective film 205 functions effectively even when an electret film storing the same kind of electric charge is used as a repulsive force source instead of the magnet 204. The protective film 205 is not an essential component and can be omitted.
The fixed substrate body 206 has a function of supporting the conductor electrode 207.
The conductor electrode 207 has a function of generating electric power based on the energy when receiving external force in cooperation with the electret electrode 208.
The movable substrate body 209 supports the electret electrode 108 and the electret electrode 208.

<Power generation mechanism>
Hereinafter, a fixed substrate main body 106, a fixed substrate 120 including a conductor electrode 107, a fixed substrate main body 206, a fixed substrate 220 including a conductor electrode 207, a movable substrate main body 209, an electret electrode 108, and an electret electrode 208 are movable. A power generation mechanism that generates power when an external force is applied to the substrate 230 will be described.
FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D are cross-sectional views showing states in a region where power generation is performed. FIG. 5E is a graph showing the movement of charges (that is, current) in each step.

  As step S1, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the movable substrate 230 is not vibrating, the electric lines of force (indicated by arrows) are temporally (indicated by t as the horizontal axis in FIG. 5E). ), The electric power generated by the change in the state of the electric lines of force does not occur. Therefore, no power generation is performed as indicated by S1 in FIG.

  Next, in step S2, when the movable substrate 230 moves upward (Z + direction) as shown in FIG. 5B due to external force, the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 of the fixed substrate 120 are separated. . That is, the capacity of the capacitor formed by the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 is reduced. At the same time, the conductor electrode 207 and the electret electrode 208 of the fixed substrate 220 approach each other. That is, the capacity of the capacitor composed of the conductor electrode 207 and the electret electrode 208 increases. Since this phenomenon occurs at the same time, the current i flows from the conductor electrode 107 to the conductor electrode 207 via an external circuit (not shown). Therefore, the collecting electrode 110 is not necessary. Then, when moving in the Z + direction and resting, the movement of the charge is finished, and the movement of the charge, that is, the current i stops.

  Next, as step S3, as shown in FIG. 5C, when the movable substrate 230 moves downward (Z-direction) from the stationary position, the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 of the fixed substrate 120 approach each other. . That is, the capacity of the capacitor composed of the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 increases. At the same time, the conductor electrode 207 and the electret electrode 208 of the fixed substrate 220 are separated. That is, the capacity of the capacitor composed of the conductor electrode 207 and the electret electrode 208 is reduced. Since this phenomenon occurs at the same time, the current i flows from the conductor electrode 107 to the conductor electrode 207 via an external circuit (not shown). Then, when moving in the Z-direction and resting, the movement of the charge is terminated, and the movement of the charge, that is, the current i stops.

Next, as step S4, as shown in FIG. 5D, when the movable substrate 230 is returned to the stationary position, the capacitance of the capacitor constituted by the conductor electrode 107 and the electret electrode 108 is reduced as compared with the state of step S3. . At the same time, the capacity of the capacitor composed of the conductor electrode 207 and the electret electrode 208 increases. Therefore, the current i flows from the conductor electrode 207 to the conductor electrode 107 via an external circuit (not shown).
And it returns to the state of step S2 continuously, and the electric power generation by external force is continued by repeating this operation | movement, and electric power can be supplied.

  In addition to the effects of the above-described embodiments, the power generation device according to the present embodiment has the following effects.

  Since power generation can be performed regardless of the vertical orientation, for example, it can be used in applications that may be flipped upside down.

  When the vertical direction is fixed, the repulsive force of the magnet 104 or the magnet 204 is adjusted, and the movable substrate 230 is floated near the center of the power generation device 200, thereby providing the highly efficient power generation device 200. it can.

  Since current can be taken out from the conductor electrode 107 attached to the fixed substrate body 106 and the conductor electrode 207 attached to the fixed substrate body 206, the wiring can be easily routed and the deterioration of the electric wire due to vibration can be prevented. Can do.

(Third embodiment)
Hereinafter, the third embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The main difference from the second embodiment is that, as will be described later, the electrically conductive conductor electrode 414 and the conductor electrode 413 as the third conductor electrode are provided on both surfaces of the movable substrate 330 as the second substrate, respectively. The fixed substrate 320 as the first substrate includes the electret electrode 408.
Further, the fixed substrate 340 as the fourth substrate is provided with the electret electrode 410 as the third electret electrode on the surface on the movable substrate 330 side.
In the first embodiment, an example in which the first substrate is applied as the movable substrate 130 having mobility has been described. However, in the present embodiment, the first substrate is the fixed substrate 320 and the second substrate is the movable substrate 330. An applied example will be described.

6A is a plan view of the power generator, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 6A. The same component numbers as those described in the first embodiment are given the same figure numbers. In the case where the functions are almost the same, the description is omitted to avoid duplication.
The power generation apparatus 300 includes a guide rail 102, an outer frame 103, a magnet 104, a protective film 105, a fixed substrate body 409, an electret electrode 408, a movable substrate body 412, a conductor electrode 414, a conductor electrode 413 as a third conductor electrode, a second electrode. A magnet 204 serving as a buffer, a protective film 205, a fixed substrate body 411, and an electret electrode 410 are provided.

The movable substrate 330 includes a movable substrate main body 412, a conductor electrode 414 provided on the fixed substrate 320 side, and a conductor electrode 413 provided on the fixed substrate 340 side. The movable substrate body 412 supports the conductor electrode 414 and the conductor electrode 413 and electrically separates the conductor electrode 414 and the conductor electrode 413.
The conductor electrode 414 has a function of generating power based on the energy when receiving external force in cooperation with the electret electrode 408.
The conductor electrode 413 has a function of generating electric power based on the energy when receiving external force in cooperation with the electret electrode 410.
The fixed substrate 320 includes a fixed substrate main body 409 and an electret electrode 408 provided on the movable substrate 330 side. The fixed substrate 340 includes an electret electrode 410 provided on the movable substrate 330 side.
The protective film 205 has a function of protecting the magnets 204 so that the magnets 204 do not directly collide with each other. Further, the protective film 205 functions effectively even when an electret film storing the same kind of electric charge is used as a repulsive force source instead of the magnet 204. The protective film 205 is not an essential component and can be omitted.

<Power generation mechanism>
Hereinafter, a fixed substrate including a fixed substrate main body 409 that supports the electret electrode 408, a fixed substrate main body 411, a fixed substrate 340 including the electret electrode 410, a movable substrate main body 412, a conductive electrode 414, and a conductive electrode 413. A power generation mechanism that generates power when an external force is applied and the movable substrate 330 moves will be described.
FIGS. 7A to 7D are cross-sectional views showing states in a region where power generation is performed. FIG. 7E is a graph showing the charge movement (ie, current) in each step.

  First, as step S1, as shown in FIG. 7A, when the movable substrate 330 is not vibrating, the electric lines of force (indicated by arrows) are temporally (t as the horizontal axis in FIG. 7E). Therefore, no electric power is generated due to a change in the state of the lines of electric force. Therefore, no power generation is performed as indicated by S1 in FIG.

Next, as step S2, when the movable substrate 330 moves upward (Z + direction) as shown in FIG. 7B by receiving an external force, the electret electrode 408 and the conductor electrode 414 of the fixed substrate 320 are separated. That is, the capacity of the capacitor formed by the conductor electrode 414 and the electret electrode 408 is reduced.
At the same time, the electret electrode 410 and the conductor electrode 413 of the fixed substrate 340 approach each other. That is, the capacity of the capacitor composed of the conductor electrode 413 and the electret electrode 410 increases. Since this phenomenon occurs at the same time, the current i flows from the conductor electrode 414 to the conductor electrode 413 via an external circuit (not shown). Then, when moving in the Z + direction and resting, the movement of the charge is finished, and the movement of the charge, that is, the current i stops.

Next, as step S3, as shown in FIG. 7C, when the movable substrate 330 comes closer to the fixed substrate 320 than the stationary position, the electret electrode 408 of the fixed substrate 320 and the conductor electrode 413 of the movable substrate 330 are connected. Get closer. That is, the capacity of the capacitor composed of the conductor electrode 414 and the electret electrode 408 increases.
At the same time, the electret electrode 410 and the conductor electrode 413 of the fixed substrate 340 are separated. That is, the capacity of the capacitor formed by the conductor electrode 413 and the electret electrode 410 is reduced. Since this phenomenon occurs at the same time, the current i flows from the conductor electrode 413 to the conductor electrode 414 through an external circuit (not shown). , The movement of charge, that is, the current i stops.

  Next, as step S4, as shown in FIG. 7D, when the movable substrate 330 is returned to the stationary position, the capacitance of the capacitor composed of the conductor electrode 413 and the electret electrode 408 is reduced as compared with the state of step S3. . At the same time, the capacity of the capacitor composed of the conductor electrode 413 and the electret electrode 410 increases. Therefore, the current i flows from the conductor electrode 414 to the conductor electrode 413 through an external circuit (not shown). And it returns to the state of step S2 continuously, and the electric power generation by external force is continued by repeating this operation | movement, and electric power can be supplied.

  In addition to the effects of the above-described embodiments, the power generation device according to the present embodiment has the following effects.

  Since the mechanically movable movable substrate is provided with the conductive electrodes 413 to 414 that are structurally strong, even if the movable substrate repeatedly collides with the fixed substrate 320 or the magnet 104 of the fixed substrate 320 due to large amplitude, power generation is possible. Deterioration of the apparatus 300 can be suppressed.

  For example, by using two of the guide rails 102 and assigning the conductor electrode 414 and the conductor electrode 413 to different guide rails 102 for electrical conduction, the movable substrate 330 is fixed even when it is moving. The current can be taken out at a different position. Further, since the guide rail 102 and the movable substrate 330 are rubbed with each other, foreign matters on the surface due to contamination or oxidation of the guide rail 102 are removed by the movement of the movable substrate 330, so that a current can be stably taken out. .

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Electric power generation apparatus, 101 ... Cover, 102 ... Guide rail, 103 ... Outer frame, 104 ... Magnet, 105 ... Protective film, 106 ... Fixed substrate main body, 107 ... Conductor electrode, 108 ... Electret electrode, 109 ... Movable substrate main body, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 110 ... Collecting electrode, 112 ... Cushion, 120 ... Fixed board | substrate, 130 ... Movable board | substrate, 200 ... Electric power generating apparatus, 204 ... Magnet, 205 ... Protective film, 206 ... Fixed board | substrate body, 207 ... Conductor electrode, 208 ... Electret electrode, 209: movable substrate body, 220: fixed substrate, 230: movable substrate, 300: power generation device, 320 ... fixed substrate, 330 ... movable substrate, 340 ... fixed substrate, 408 ... electret electrode, 409 ... fixed substrate body, 410 ... electret Electrodes, 411... Fixed substrate body, 412... Movable substrate body, 413.

Claims (7)

A power generation device that generates power by receiving an external force having a force component in the direction of gravity,
A first substrate that holds electric charge and includes an electret electrode for power generation on the first surface side;
A second substrate provided so that the second surface is opposed to the first surface with an interval, and the first surface and the second surface face each other;
The second substrate is provided on the second surface side, and in a plan view of the first surface, a conductor electrode having a power generating conductor at least partially overlapping the electret electrode;
One of the first substrate and the second substrate is fixed, and the movement of the other substrate in the planar view direction is suppressed, and the normal line between the first substrate and the second substrate A degree of freedom of movement in both directions in a predetermined distance range, and when exceeding the predetermined distance range, a frame for restricting movement;
Each of the first substrate and the second surface protrudes from the first surface and a portion of the second surface is overlapped at least partially in the plan view. When there is a concern about collision between the electret electrode and the conductor electrode due to the external force, the electret electrode or the conductor is separated from the second substrate to avoid collision between the electret electrode and the conductor electrode. A shock-absorbing portion that collides before the electrode,
The power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the one substrate is disposed closer to the gravitational direction than the other substrate and generates electric power when receiving the external force. The power generation device according to claim 1,
A third substrate facing the second substrate across the first substrate;
The second substrate and the third substrate are fixed to the frame, and the first substrate is provided to move between the second substrate and the third substrate,
On the first surface side of the third substrate, a second conductor electrode having a power generating conductor at least partially overlapping with the electret electrode in the plan view,
The surface of the first substrate on the third substrate side includes a second electret electrode that holds electric charge,
Projecting on the third substrate side of the first substrate and the first substrate side of the third substrate, respectively, are provided so as to overlap at least partially in the plan view, thereby generating repulsive forces. When the first substrate and the third substrate are separated from each other and there is a concern about the collision between the electret electrode and the conductor electrode due to the external force, the collision between the second electret electrode and the second conductor electrode is performed. In order to avoid, the second buffer portion that collides before the electret electrode or the conductor electrode,
A power generation device comprising: The power generation device according to claim 1,
A fourth substrate facing the first substrate across the second substrate;
The first substrate and the fourth substrate are fixed to the frame, and the second substrate is provided to move between the first substrate and the fourth substrate,
The first substrate side of the fourth substrate is provided with a third electret electrode for power generation at least partially overlapping with the conductor electrode and holding electric charge in the plan view,
A third conductor having a power generating conductor that is at least partially overlapped with the electret electrode and is electrically insulated from the conductor electrode in a plan view on the surface of the second substrate on the fourth substrate side. With electrodes,
Projecting on the fourth substrate side of the second substrate and the second substrate side of the fourth substrate, respectively, are provided so as to overlap at least partially in the plan view, thereby generating repulsive forces. While separating the second substrate and the fourth substrate,
A second buffering portion that collides first to avoid collision between the third electret electrode and the third conductor electrode by the external force;
A power generation device comprising: It is an electric power generating apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-3,
The power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the buffer section or the second buffer section is a magnet provided in a repulsive direction or an electret film charged with the same polarity. It is an electric power generating apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-4,
At least one of the buffer part and the second buffer part is covered with a protective film that alleviates an impact when a collision occurs at least at the tip of the protruding region. It is an electric power generating apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-5,
The power generating device, wherein the other substrate having mobility has a shape reinforced with a honeycomb structure or a dome shape. The power generation device according to claim 2,
The frame further includes a guide rail that supports the other substrate for maintaining a positional relationship in which the first surface and the second surface face each other when the other substrate moves along the normal direction. A power generator characterized by comprising.

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