JP2012024690A - System for sorting and treating waste gypsum board - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve such problems of: the efficiency deterioration of a fracture/crushing sorting device due to already-pulverized gypsum powders, many of which are contained in the lumps of collected waste gypsum boards; contamination of gypsum powders in the collected paper slips caused by screen clogging, or increase of a residual amount; deterioration of operating environment or sorting efficiency caused by dust; and facility failure or quality defect of collected gypsum powders caused by contamination of foreign matters.SOLUTION: A system for sorting and treating waste gypsum boards is composed by sequentially disposing: a volumetric feeder having a hopper, bottom belt conveyor and cutting machine; a trommel type primary sieving machine; a fracture/crushing sorting device having biaxial compression-crushing rolls, protruded crushing rolls, two-stage screw conveyors and a screen therebetween; and a secondary sieving machine of vibration type or the like. The waste gypsum board is sorted to gypsum powders, paper slips and residuals to be collected through steps of: performing cutting and volumetric feeding by the volumetric feeder; separating first the gypsum powder by the primary sieving machine; crushing the gypsum powder by the fracture/crushing sorting device and separating paper slips; and separating residuals from the gypsum powder by the secondary sieving machine.

Description

  The present invention efficiently and smoothly performs various main treatments such as crushing, crushing, and sieving performed in a waste gypsum board separation process among construction waste discharged from construction sites such as new construction and demolition. The aim is to improve the purity of paper and gypsum powder that can be collected separately and to ensure quality that is more suitable for recycling.

  By the way, in principle, 3 items (concrete, asphalt, and wood) that are subject to the “specific construction materials” defined in the Construction Recycling Law (revised in 2000) are prohibited from being disposed of in landfills, and full recycling is already required. It has been. However, waste gypsum board is discharged 1.36 million tons per year (220,000 tons for new construction, 1.14 million tons for dismantling system, estimated in 2008), and even though it continues to increase, it is subject to application of specific construction materials. Absent.

  On the other hand, according to the amendment to the Director-General of the Ministry of the Environment issued in 2006, landfill disposal of waste gypsum board was accepted only in “managed disposal sites” where gypsum is separated from paper and gypsum is strictly managed. In other words, waste gypsum board has been practically treated as a first-class waste with a risk of environmental pollution. This amendment is due to the fact that when waste gypsum is landfilled under conditions that do not meet the standards, it will be decomposed by sulfuric acid bacteria in an environment where moisture and organic matter are present, producing highly toxic hydrogen sulfide.

  Why is waste gypsum board, which is generated in large quantities and is a very dangerous waste, not subject to specific construction materials that require complete recycling? The main reason is that the development of recycling technology and the expansion of applications are delayed at this stage. In other words, to make recycling mandatory, at present, the means of recycling is technically or economically restricted, and if regulations are tightened, there is a risk that illegal dumping will increase as a result.

Non-patent document 1 is shown as a report showing the actual situation that it is difficult to proceed with the expansion of recycling of waste gypsum board discharged from the construction site.
This document points out various issues that have emerged along with various investigations in promoting the recycling of waste gypsum board.

First, the estimated values (ratio) by disposal method of waste gypsum board are shown (page 28). According to this, the recycling rate was 13%, landfill disposal at managed landfills was 22%, and indistinguishability was 34%.
Of these, regarding recycling, even when paper and gypsum are separated, it may be included in recycling, and the actual recycling rate is said to be even lower (page 26). He also pointed out that the management-type disposal site is gradually becoming increasingly difficult to accept (pages 21 and 27).

  In addition, it was assumed that “inappropriate processing” such as mixed disposal with other wastes and illegal landfilling was rampant for those indistinguishable (processing method unknown) (page 27). In this way, the background of improper treatment seems to be due to tight legal landfill capacity for management-type disposal sites, lack of recycling demand and cost problems.

  In addition, the current status and issues of recycling have been reported. According to the report, all the recycling of dismantled waste gypsum board, which accounts for the majority of emissions, has been progressed since the 2002 survey (page 34), indicating that the efforts have just started. In other words, this indicates that development of technology for collecting high-purity gypsum powder was delayed in recycling dismantled gypsum board, which has many foreign substances and tends to break down during discharge and distribution. In the investigation of this document, the origin of whether it is a new construction system or a solution system is not limited, but the quality requirement of the recycling destination is reported (page 34).

  As described above, the development of recycling technology has become an urgent issue for waste gypsum boards that emit a large amount of construction waste and have a large environmental impact, in order to reduce the amount of landfill disposal including inappropriate treatment. I understand that.

  On the other hand, Non-Patent Document 2 is shown as a material reported from the standpoint of a gypsum board manufacturer that is a source of waste gypsum board discharge and is also a recycling destination. According to this, the production raw material for gypsum board is about 30% for imported natural gypsum, and about 60% for domestic by-product gypsum such as flue gas desulfurization gypsum discharged from power stations, etc. (1 page) ). Natural gypsum of virgin material is covered by imports, indicating that there are problems in terms of securing resources. In other words, the development of recycling technology will become important in order to be able to secure raw materials in the same way as other mineral resources in order to cope with the situation of tightness in overseas procurement in the future.

  In light of the background that the development of recycling technology is an urgent issue, the present invention proposes mainly to aim at expanding recycling applications and ensuring economic efficiency. In particular, the present invention proposes a new proposal in the technical field for increasing the degree of separation of gypsum from mechanically separable paper (organic matter) and other foreign substances, and recovering highly pure gypsum powder. .

The following patent document is given as an example of related art.
The major feature of Patent Document 1 shown here is that a waste gypsum board is passed between a pair of rolls, and only the gypsum part is crushed without crushing the paper by compressing and crushing mainly the pressure applied from the surface of the waste gypsum board. This is a method of crushing and separating. The paper is torn into pieces of paper of a certain size by a pair of rolls that crush only the paper provided with protrusions after being separated from the gypsum. In this proposal, since the paper is not torn immediately after the compression crushing, not only can a large paper be recovered, but also the purity of the gypsum powder can be drastically increased since almost no paper dust is generated.

  In this proposal, the paper is crushed into small pieces to improve the fluidity of the feeding device (screw conveyor, etc.) for collecting the paper pieces, and the storage efficiency of storage containers (flexible bags, containers, etc.) It is necessary to increase the amount, and it is not necessary to make it small enough to break up. The paper crushing roll need only satisfy conditions suitable for collecting paper. Thus, for example, in an old device that breaks down paper and plaster at the same time, even if one side of the piece of paper is large, it is about 1 centimeter at most. However, in the proposed device, a piece of paper having a side of 10 centimeters or more is used. It becomes possible to collect.

In this proposal, since a large piece of paper is stirred while touching the screen for separating the paper and gypsum provided on the screw conveyor, the gypsum lump that easily adheres to the screen surface is scraped off to prevent clogging and also has a cleaning effect. Demonstrate. Therefore, the collected paper has a feature that it is difficult for gypsum powder to be mixed, except for paper that is adhered and adhered.
Recently, the disintegration and separation apparatus proposed in Patent Document 1 has attracted attention and is widely used in the waste gypsum board separation treatment industry. It is because it has been highly evaluated in the following two points because it has the above-described sorting performance.

  First, almost no paper dust is mixed in the gypsum powder collected separately, and the quality is not lowered when recycled to gypsum board raw materials, cement auxiliary raw materials, soil improvement materials, and the like. Naturally, the recovered gypsum powder can be used for a wider range of recycling purposes and can be used more efficiently than the conventional separation process. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the burden on the environment and the cost, such as landfilling the collected gypsum powder in a management-type disposal site, which is economically advantageous.

  Secondly, by separating and collecting a large piece of paper and reducing the amount of gypsum powder to be mixed, the diversion rate of recycled paper can be increased. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce environmental burdens and cost burdens such as incineration, which is economically advantageous.

  Thus, a revolutionary proposal necessary for recycling waste gypsum board has been made. However, in order to further increase the recycling rate, it is necessary to provide a peripheral complementary process that maximizes the features of the proposal of Patent Document 1. For example, the following complementary function has been required.

First, there is an improvement in input efficiency.
Generally, the size of a new plaster board is 9 mm, and the size of the plate is 900 × 1800 mm. The waste gypsum board lump collected from the construction site includes those that have been cut or broken into various sizes and shapes, up to those of these dimensions. When the collected gypsum board lump collected in this way is subjected to a separation treatment by the disintegration and separation apparatus of Patent Document 1, the following problems often occur (the same applies to other conventional ones).

  First, in order to disintegrate with a roll or a screw, a waste gypsum board lump must be put into a narrow space. For example, if a gypsum board with a large side is included in a lump of waste gypsum board, there is a risk of being caught before the roll or screw unless it is placed straight along the gap between the roll and screw. When a machine is loaded using a conveyor or the like, the direction and angle of the gypsum board being transported is not determined. It was. In particular, when using a heavy machine or the like, the gypsum board is concentrated between the rolls and screws even if the one side is small, and a stagnation failure that causes a bridge is likely to occur.

  Conventionally, in order to prevent stagnation due to loading using heavy machinery and conveyors, it has been cumbersome and inefficient, such as rough crushing in advance using a heavy machine with a crusher function in a temporary storage yard, and charging in small amounts. I had to take the method.

  By the way, generally, the waste gypsum board lump also contains things other than gypsum board. In addition to small items such as screws, nails and staples, metal and wooden studs, mortar masses applied, and metal plates attached are often used. At present, it is difficult to completely separate the building site.

  Small items can be separated into residues by sieving in the post-disintegration process, but in the case of large items, the disintegration and separation device itself may be damaged. Mortar blocks are crushed and crushed into small pieces, but this will lead to a decrease in quality due to the inclusion of sand particles in the gypsum powder. Therefore, it is preferable to remove such a large foreign substance as much as possible before putting it into the disintegration / splitting apparatus. For that purpose, it is appropriate to provide a separate sorting step.

  In general, the sorting process has two methods: mechanical removal using a magnetic separator, and visual detection and manual removal by a worker. In either case, the waste gypsum board is conveyed by a belt conveyor, and a magnetic metal foreign material is sucked and removed by a magnetic separator, and the other is removed by manual selection by an operator. In either case, the waste gypsum board lump that flows on the belt conveyor must be sucked out or found.

  As shown in FIG. 5, when a large foreign substance F mixed in the waste gypsum board block A moving on the belt conveyor 51 is below the gypsum board A ′ having a large size, only the gypsum board directly covering it is used. However, it was difficult to suck with the magnetic separator 53 or to find out by the workers because of the weight of the pile including the gypsum board block piled up. Even if only a small piece of plasterboard is used, a large number of thick mountains will cause the same obstacles. Therefore, the waste gypsum board lump to be supplied to the sorting process needs a pretreatment process that eliminates the gypsum board of a large size and smoothes the mountains so that it flows evenly on the belt conveyor.

  In addition, this pretreatment process is similar to the disintegration and separation apparatus proposed in Patent Document 1, which is suitable for separating and collecting high-quality paper and gypsum powder in the post-process. You shouldn't take the way it happens.

  Therefore, the proposal of Patent Document 2 is proposed. This proposal includes a hopper having an input opening for inputting waste gypsum board lump, a discharge opening opened in a substantially horizontal direction for discharging waste gypsum board lump, and a belt conveyor that can be intermittently driven at the bottom of the hopper. Having a belt conveyor traveling direction end portion and a cutting machine provided in the discharge opening, and when the belt conveyor is intermittently stopped when the cutting blade of the cutting machine reciprocates, The waste gypsum board lump is characterized by cutting every predetermined amount.

  This proposal cuts large-size gypsum board contained in the waste gypsum board lump into a certain size and supplies it uniformly so that no large piles are formed. Not only will this not occur, but large foreign objects will be easily removed in the sorting process. In addition, there is an advantage that the gypsum board piece is not made unnecessarily small and the generation of paper dust is suppressed so as not to impair the quality of paper and gypsum powder collected in a subsequent process. Therefore, this proposal can not only maximize the effect of the fragmentation and separation apparatus capable of performing high-precision separation shown in Patent Document 1, but also is effective when using other types of fragmentation and separation apparatuses. high.

  By the way, the waste gypsum board lump collected from the construction site contains not only the large piece of gypsum board as described above, but also finely handled by the process up to collection such as dismantling work and distribution process. Often crushed. In particular, the waste gypsum board recovered by dismantling the old building has a low degree of bonding due to the deterioration of the gypsum itself, and is easily crushed. Therefore, a considerable amount is often crushed into large and small gypsum particles before the fractionation treatment. That is, the waste gypsum board lump in a state of being collected and waiting for separation processing already contains many powdery materials that do not need to be crushed.

When there are a lot of powdery substances in this way, the disadvantageous situation pointed out next occurs in the separation process.
First, in any type of disintegration / separation apparatus, because a large amount of gypsum powder that does not need to be crushed enters, the amount of processing that originally needs to be crushed decreases.

  Secondly, in the disintegration and separation apparatus proposed in Patent Document 1, since the ratio of gypsum powder is large, the cleaning effect by the paper piece is reduced, and the gypsum powder is likely to be mixed into the paper piece. It becomes a quality obstacle.

  Thirdly, many gypsum dusts deteriorate the environment because the waste gypsum board lump is stirred at the time of manual foreign substance sorting. In addition, the visibility deteriorates due to the dust, and the foreign matter is buried in the gypsum powder, or it becomes difficult to be seen by being lost, so that the sorting efficiency is lowered. As a result, the removal of foreign matters becomes insufficient, resulting in mechanical damage in the subsequent process, lowering the operation efficiency, and impeding quality in the recycling of gypsum powder due to the inclusion of sand particles contained in mortar and the like.

  As described above, there are still problems that cannot be solved by the conventional proposals.

JP 2001-137726 A Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-155326

“FY 2008 Waste Gypsum Board Recycling Promotion Study Study Report” Ministry of the Environment Minister's Secretariat Waste and Recycling Countermeasures Department (March 2009) “Measures for waste gypsum board” issued by the Japan Gypsum Board Industry Association (May 2010)

  The problem to be solved is more than ever in the quality of recovered gypsum powder and paper pieces while improving efficiency in waste gypsum board separation treatment equipment that combines various devices including high-performance disintegration and separation equipment. It is desired to propose improvements by adding or combining supplementary facilities that can be improved.

  Specifically, in addition to the conventional disintegration and separation apparatus including Patent Document 1, it remains even if the fixed amount supply apparatus proposed in Patent Document 2 is introduced, and remains in a large amount in the recovered waste gypsum board lump. The following problems are caused by gypsum powder that has been crushed.

First, there is a reduction in the efficiency of the pulverized fractionation device due to the large amount of already crushed gypsum powder that does not need to be crushed.
Secondly, in the disintegration and separation apparatus proposed in Patent Document 1, the reduction in the cleaning effect of the screen for separating paper pieces and gypsum powder caused by the high proportion of gypsum powder, and screens in other separation apparatuses This is a quality problem that a lot of gypsum powder is mixed into a piece of paper due to clogging.
Third, the working environment is deteriorated due to the generation of dust in the sorting process.
Fourth, there is a reduction in visibility due to dust and a failure in sorting operations caused by foreign objects being buried in gypsum powder.
Fifth, the quality failure of the gypsum powder due to the inclusion of foreign matter caused by the failure of the sorting operation in the sorting step.

  The present invention is proposed in order to solve the above-described problems, and the operation of the present invention will be described together with the features of each configuration of the present invention.

According to claim 1, in the separation processing step,
(1) A hopper that accepts the recovered waste gypsum board lump, a belt conveyor that is at the bottom of the hopper and that sends out the recovered waste gypsum board lump, and the recovered waste gypsum board lump that is sent out by a predetermined amount by the belt conveyor A quantitative supply device having a cutting machine for discharging,
(2) Trommel type primary sieving device for rotating a drum having a screen on its outer periphery;
(3) a biaxial compression crushing roll, a biaxial crushing roll having a protrusion arranged on the downstream side of the crushing crushing roll, a two-stage screw conveyor arranged on the downstream side of the crushing roll, A disintegration and separation apparatus constituted by a screen provided between two stages of screw conveyors,
(4) Secondary sieving device for classifying by vibrating, swinging or rotating the screen,
And consisting of
By connecting each device (1 to 4) directly or using another conveying means,
From the upstream to the downstream of the fractionation processing step, the fixed amount supply device, the primary sieving device, the disintegration and separation device, and the secondary sieving device (1 to 4) are arranged in this order.
(A) The secondary waste gypsum board block (a mixture of plate, piece, and powder) that has been cut and adjusted in the quantitative supply device (1) is supplied to the primary sieving device (2). Send,
(B) The primary waste gypsum board obtained by separating and collecting the primary gypsum powder having a comparatively small particle size from the secondary waste gypsum board lump in the primary sieve device (2) and remaining in the separation in the primary sieve device. A lump (a mixture of plate, flakes, and powders with large and small particle sizes) is sent to the disintegration and separation device (3),
(C) A piece of paper is separated and recovered from the tertiary waste gypsum board lump in the disintegration and separation apparatus (3), and a gypsum lump (large and small particle size gypsum powder and extremely small piece of paper remaining in the disintegration and separation apparatus) ) To the secondary sieving device (4),
(D) In the secondary sieving device (4), the secondary gypsum powder having a comparatively small particle size and the residue (mixture of gypsum powder having a comparatively large particle size and a small paper piece) are separated from the gypsum agglomerates.
Through this process,
The recovered waste gypsum board lump is finally separated and separated into gypsum powder, paper pieces, and residues through each treatment (A to D).
It makes the feature.

With this configuration, the following operation is performed.
1stly, it is the same effect | action as patent document 2 which is a prior art by performing the cutting | judgement by a cutting machine with a fixed_quantity | feed_rate supply apparatus (said structure (1)), and adjusting supply amount (said process (A)). In other words, even if a large piece of board is mixed in the recovered waste gypsum board lump, it can be fed into a piece that has been cut to a predetermined size, and is also loaded in large quantities at once with heavy machinery, etc. Even in this case, the secondary waste gypsum board lump that does not include a large board can be discharged and supplied uniformly and stably, and therefore the following two actions are performed.

  The first action is a stable and smooth treatment that is unlikely to cause bridging at the entrance of the primary sieving device (the above configuration (2)) and the disintegration and separation device (the above configuration (3)), which will be a subsequent process. Is possible.

  The second effect is hindered by the weight of the board and the lump that is piled up when collecting the metal foreign matter with a magnetic separator in the sorting (foreign matter removal) step that is generally provided in the previous process of disintegration and separation. In addition, it is possible to reduce the labor of moving the board and the lump so that the worker can visually detect the foreign matter.

  Secondly, the primary gypsum powder having a comparatively small particle size is separated and recovered by the primary sieving device (the above-described configuration (2)) (the above-mentioned processing (B)), thereby collecting the recovered waste gypsum board block and the secondary gypsum board. Even if the waste gypsum board lump contains a lot of powder, the powder can be removed in advance, so the following three actions are performed.

  The first action is to efficiently process board-like, piece-like, and lump-like objects to be crushed by the pulverization / separation apparatus (the above-described configuration (3)). it can.

  The second action can prevent clogging of the screen built in the disintegration and separation apparatus (the above-described configuration (3)), and can suppress the gypsum powder from being mixed into the separated paper.

  The third effect is that in the sorting (foreign matter removal) process that is generally provided in the previous process of disintegration and separation, the generation of dust is suppressed and the foreign matter is prevented from being buried or lost in gypsum powder. It becomes easy for a worker to find a foreign object visually.

  Thirdly, by performing separation and collection of the paper pieces (the processing (C)) by the disintegration and separation apparatus (the configuration (3)), the same action as that of the prior art Patent Document 1, that is, the third-order waste The gypsum board lump can be crushed and crushed, paper pieces can be separated, and the gypsum granule lump can be taken out.

  Fourth, by separating the secondary gypsum powder having a comparatively small particle size and the residue by the secondary sieving device (the above configuration (4)) (the processing (D)), From the gypsum granule discharged from the configuration (3)), the gypsum powder and the residue can be separated and recovered.

The waste gypsum board separation processing system of the present invention produces the following effects.
Firstly, the waste gypsum board lump can be separated in a large amount, stably and efficiently.
Secondly, by suppressing the gypsum powder mixed in the collected paper and contributing to the suppression of foreign matters mixed in the collected paper and gypsum powder, the respective qualities can be appropriately maintained.
Thirdly, there is an effect that contributes to the suppression of obstacles that damage each device due to foreign matter.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a waste gypsum board separation processing system reflecting claim 1. Example 1 FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing a process performed by the configuration of FIG. Example 1 FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a waste gypsum board separation processing system to which the present invention is applied. (Example 2) FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing a process performed by the configuration of FIG. (Example 2) FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing foreign substances contained in the waste gypsum board block being conveyed in the prior art.

A first embodiment is shown in FIGS. This example reflects claim 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a process flow, and FIG. 2 is a process diagram (flow chart).

First, the waste gypsum board collected from the construction site is not limited to a plate-like one, but is in a state where a piece and a powdery material finely crushed by handling in the construction site and distribution process are mixed. Particularly, what is discharged from the demolishing site of an old building has a low degree of bonding due to the deterioration of the gypsum itself, and is easily crushed and tends to increase in powder form. According to the empirical survey, about 30% of the total was powdery. These powders do not need to be crushed if the particle size is below a certain level. In addition, the plate-like material is collected in various sizes, up to 900 × 1800 mm, which is a general dimension of a new gypsum board.
In the present embodiment, the waste gypsum board collected from the construction site as described above is separated by the following steps (device configuration and processing steps).

In the first step, the recovered waste gypsum board lump A1 is cut and supplied quantitatively.
The configuration is a feeding hopper 11 that receives the recovered waste gypsum board lump A1, a belt conveyor 12 that is at the bottom of the charging hopper 11 and sends out the recovered waste gypsum board lump A1, and a predetermined amount by the belt conveyor 12 is sent out in a substantially horizontal direction. By the quantitative supply apparatus 1 with a cutting machine which has the cutting machine 13 which cuts the collection | recovery waste gypsum board lump A1 (same as patent document 2).

  At this time, the belt conveyor 12 is intermittently driven so as to be interlocked when the cutting machine 13 is operated. The cutting machine 13 is a hydraulic cylinder or the like whose upper blade 131 operates in a substantially vertical direction, and the recovered waste gypsum board lump A1 is cut into a predetermined amount by a fixed lower blade 132.

With the above configuration and processing, the recovered waste gypsum board lump A1 does not include a large board and is stable even if a large amount of the recovered waste gypsum board lump A1 is input at once by a heavy machine or the like. It becomes the secondary waste gypsum board lump A2 of the amount adjusted to. That is, bridging is unlikely to occur at the time of introduction into the post-process device (preliminary sieving device 2 and breakup / splitting device 3), and smooth operation is possible. Further, since the cutting only has a simple destructive action, there is almost no generation of paper powder, and the mixing of paper powder into the gypsum powder separated and recovered in the subsequent process can be suppressed.
At this time, the secondary waste gypsum board lump A2 to be discharged may be supplied directly to the next process, or may be directly connected to the apparatus of the next process, or may be provided with a conveying device such as a belt conveyor. .

A 2nd process performs the preliminary sieving (primary sieving) of secondary waste gypsum board lump A2.
The configuration is based on a trummel type preliminary sieving device 2 having a rotary drum 23 with a screen provided with a preliminary sieving screen 231 on the outer periphery and a recovery hopper 24 provided at the bottom.

  The secondary waste gypsum board block A2 supplied from the first step enters from the charging port 21 communicating with the inside of the rotary drum 23 with screen, and is sieved while being rotated and stirred together with the rotary drum 23 with screen. The powdery material (primary gypsum powder C1) contained in the secondary waste gypsum board block A2 is discharged to the outside of the rotary drum 23 with a screen through the preliminary sieving screen 231 and is provided at the bottom of the preliminary sieving device 2. 24 and collected through a discharge port 22 a provided at the bottom of the collection hopper 24. The remaining tertiary waste gypsum board block A3 that cannot pass through the preliminary sieving screen 231 is discharged from the discharge port 22b that communicates with the rotary drum 23 with the screen, and is supplied to the apparatus (disintegration and separation apparatus 3) in the subsequent process.

  With the above configuration and treatment, the secondary waste gypsum board block A2 is separated from the primary gypsum powder C1, and becomes a plate-like, flake-like, and small and large particle size powdery mixture. At this time, a small amount of powder (gypsum powder) may remain due to the ability of the sieve, but most of it is separated and removed. That is, the paper separation screen 35 provided in the disintegration / separation apparatus 3 in the subsequent process is less likely to be clogged, and mixing of the gypsum powder into the collected paper piece D is suppressed and the quality is improved.

  Further, the amount of the tertiary waste gypsum board lump A3 is reduced by the amount of the primary gypsum powder C1 separated from the amount of the secondary waste gypsum board lump A2. The processing load of the apparatus 3 and the residue sieving (secondary sieving) apparatus 4 is reduced, that is, the processing capacity of the entire process can be increased only by increasing the capacity of the previous process apparatus (quantitative supply apparatus 1 and preliminary sieving apparatus 2). It becomes possible to raise.

The third step performs compression crushing, paper crushing, and paper separation sieving of the tertiary waste gypsum board block A3.
The configuration is provided between a biaxial compression crushing roll 33, a biaxial paper crushing roll 34 having a protrusion arranged on the downstream side thereof, two-stage screw conveyors 36 and 37 arranged on the downstream side thereof, and between them. According to the disintegration and separation apparatus 3 having the paper separation screen 35 (same as Patent Document 1).

  The tertiary waste gypsum board block A3 supplied from the second step enters from the inlet 31 at the top of the compression crushing roll 33, and the gap between the compression crushing rolls 33 such as plate-like and piece-like ones. Those that do not pass through the pressure are compressed and broken down and sent downstream. At this time, the surface of the compression crushing roll 33 is basically not provided with a protrusion. Accordingly, the gypsum board with the paper still attached to the surface is crushed and separated from the paper only at the gypsum portion, and at this point, the paper remains almost intact.

  The remaining paper is crushed into a certain size into a piece of paper D by the rotation of the protrusions on the surface of the paper crushing roll 34 disposed downstream of the compression crushing roll 33. At this time, since the shape and interval of the protrusions on the paper crushing roll 34 can be adjusted so that the paper piece D does not become too small, it is possible to collect a product suitable for recycling having a large fiber length. Moreover, there is almost no paper powder mixed into the separated gypsum agglomerates.

  The gypsum granule B is separated through the paper separation screen 35 while stirring and transporting the paper piece and gypsum granule obtained through the above-described disintegration treatment in the advancing direction 361 by the upper screw conveyor 36, and the remaining paper piece D Is discharged from the discharge port 32b in the traveling terminal of the upper screw conveyor 36 and collected. Further, the gypsum agglomerate B that has passed through the paper sorting screen 35 is conveyed in the traveling direction 371 by the lower screw conveyor 37, discharged from the discharge port 32 a at the traveling terminal of the lower screw conveyor 37, and the device in the subsequent process (residue sieving device 4 ).

 Through the above-described configuration and processing including the previous step, the paper piece D can be recovered with good quality with little mixing of gypsum powder etc., except for gypsum adhered and adhered to the paper surface. In particular, as described above, the small-diameter gypsum powder contained in the first recovered waste gypsum board lump A1 has been separated and removed by a certain amount in advance by the device in the second step (preliminary sieving device 2). The amount of the powdery material separated by the paper sorting screen 35 to which the amount generated by the three-step breaking is added can be greatly reduced, and clogging is less likely to occur. That is, mixing of gypsum powder or the like into the paper piece D is suppressed. In order to obtain this effect while increasing the processing amount, it is necessary to sufficiently increase the capacity of the preliminary sieving device 2 in the second step.

  On the other hand, the gypsum granule B separated from the paper piece D through the paper sorting screen 35 becomes a mixture of gypsum powder having a large and small particle size smaller than the opening of the paper sorting screen 35 and a small paper piece.

A 4th process performs the residue classification sieve of the gypsum lump E. FIG.
The configuration is based on the residue classification sieving device 4 that performs classification by vibrating, swinging, or rotating the residue classification screen 43. As shown in FIG. 1, the residue sorting screen 43 is exemplified by a flat plate suitable for vibration or swinging, but other methods may be adopted.

  The gypsum block B supplied from the third step enters from the inlet 41 and is screened while flowing on the surface of the residue sorting screen 43. Thereby, the secondary gypsum powder C2 having a small particle diameter that has passed through the residue sorting screen 43 and the residue E that has not passed through are classified and separated. Residue E at this time is a mixture of a small amount of small particle size gypsum powder that has not been sifted, a large particle size gypsum powder larger than the opening of residue sorting screen 43, and a small paper piece.

  At this time, as described above, the small particle size gypsum powder contained in the first recovered waste gypsum board lump A1 has been separated and removed by a certain amount in advance by the device of the second step (preliminary sieving device 2). Thereafter, the powdery material separated by the residue separation screen 43 to which the amount generated by the disintegration of the third step device (disintegration and separation device 3) is added can be greatly reduced, and clogging is less likely to occur. That is, mixing of the small particle size gypsum powder into the residue E is suppressed, the collection efficiency of the small particle size gypsum powder effective for recycling can be increased, and the amount of the residue E that requires disposal costs as waste is reduced. It becomes possible to reduce. In order to obtain this effect while increasing the throughput, it is necessary to sufficiently increase the capacity of the preliminary sieving device 2 in the second step.

  The gypsum powder (primary gypsum powder C1 and secondary gypsum powder C2) and the paper piece D collected by the above-described configuration and processing can be efficiently produced with significantly higher quality than conventional ones by ensuring the appropriate capacity of each device. It becomes possible to collect. At this time, the gypsum powder having the same particle size condition is recovered by making the opening conditions of the preliminary sieving screen 231 for separating the primary gypsum powder C1 and the residue sorting screen 43 for separating the secondary gypsum powder C2 respectively the same. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the primary gypsum powder C1 and the secondary gypsum powder C2 may be finally mixed and recovered, or may be recovered separately.

  By the way, the powdery thing mixed in the collection | recovery waste gypsum board lump A1 collect | recovered from the construction site is what generate | occur | produced by being crushed in the dismantling work or the distribution process, and there are many things which were crushed relatively simply. In addition, the cutting action by the first process device (quantitative supply device 1) is also a simple crushing method by the vertical movement of the cutting blade without rotation, so that the paper powder with fine paper fibers is scattered. I will not let you. Accordingly, the powdery material mixed in the secondary waste gypsum board lump A2 contains almost no paper powder. That is, the small-gypsum gypsum powder (primary gypsum powder C1) separated by the second-stage apparatus (preliminary sieving apparatus 2) can be recovered with good quality suitable for recycling with little paper powder.

  On the other hand, since the device in the third step (disintegration / splitting device 3) is also proposed in Patent Document 1, the generation of paper dust is suppressed as described above. Accordingly, the gypsum block B obtained by crushing and separating the tertiary waste gypsum board block A3 contains almost no paper powder. That is, the small-diameter gypsum powder (secondary gypsum powder C2) separated by the apparatus in the fourth step (residue sieving apparatus 4) is almost free from paper powder and can be recovered with good quality suitable for recycling as described above. It becomes.

  Therefore, the primary gypsum powder C1 and the secondary gypsum powder C2 have almost no difference in quality in terms of the small amount of impurities, and as described above, the opening conditions of the screens 231 and 43 for separating each of them are aligned. Thus, both can be mixed and recovered, and efficient storage and distribution are possible.

  Moreover, since the amount to be treated in the third and fourth steps is less than the amount of the recovered gypsum board lump A1 charged in the first step, the amount of the first gypsum powder C1 separated in the second step is reduced. The burden can be lightened, and a large amount of waste gypsum board can be separated accordingly. Table 1 shows an example in which a demonstration experiment was performed using this example as a model.

  From this result, it can be seen that even if the capacity of the third to fourth steps (about 5 tons per hour) is low, the capacity is improved by about 40% as a whole. In particular, waste gypsum board dampened during collection and storage tends to re-agglomerate and harden even once it becomes powdery, so the gypsum powder sticks around the screen mesh and causes clogging of the screens of each device. Cheap. In general, this phenomenon is likely to occur when the content (water content) of free water (water that freely increases or decreases due to changes in humidity and temperature at room temperature, or water that is not bound to crystals) exceeds 10% by weight. Become.

  On the other hand, since a certain amount of water is sprayed to prevent dust at the building demolition site, the waste gypsum board tends to get wet. Also, during storage, the moisture content may increase at climatic humidity with high water vapor pressure. In high temperature and high humidity environments such as rainy season, it is not uncommon for the equilibrium moisture content to be 15% or more. Under these unfavorable conditions, it is necessary to take measures such as frequently stopping the operation and cleaning the screen to reduce clogging, or reducing the input amount to lighten the burden. Depending on conditions, the maximum throughput shown in Table 1 is often reduced by 30 to 50%.

  In a present Example, since a certain amount of gypsum powder is collect | recovered beforehand, the classification burden after a disintegration can be eased. That is, even if it is a damp waste gypsum board, it becomes possible to suppress the fall of operation efficiency.

A second embodiment is shown in FIGS. In the present embodiment, the first embodiment is applied and many practical supplementary steps are added.
FIG. 3 schematically shows a process flow, and FIG. 4 is a process diagram (flow chart).
The steps of this example are as follows.

In the first step, the recovered waste gypsum board lump A1 is cut by the quantitative supply device 1 with a cutting machine, and the secondary waste gypsum board lump A2 is quantitatively supplied.
In the second step, the secondary waste gypsum board lump A2 is preliminarily sieved by the preliminary sieving device 2 and separated into primary gypsum powder C1 and tertiary waste gypsum board lump A3. In this embodiment, by setting the preliminary sieving screen 231 for separating the primary gypsum powder C1 to the same opening condition as each screen for gypsum powder separation in the post-process, the gypsum powder having the same particle diameter is recovered, and the post-process It is configured to be mixed with what is collected in
Up to this point, the configuration and processing are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  In the third step, foreign substances are sorted and removed by the sorting line 5. This process removes the contained foreign substances while conveying the tertiary waste gypsum board block A3 in the traveling direction 511 by the belt conveyor 51. The removal of foreign matters is mainly performed by two processing methods.

  In the first process, the hand sorting operator 52 is located near the belt conveyor 51, and while looking at the tertiary waste gypsum board lump A3 by hand, finds and removes the foreign matter F1 by touch and visual observation. Large foreign objects are mainly targeted. For example, wooden and metal studs, ceiling base materials, stainless steel plates, mortar lumps, electric cables and vinyl strings. These may cause damage to post-process equipment and need to be removed. Moreover, even if mortar and the like can be crushed, there is a risk that the quality of recovered material may deteriorate due to the inclusion of sand particles contained in the gypsum powder.

  At this time, if the collected waste gypsum board lump A1 mixed with a large amount of large plate-like boards or powders is to be directly selected, it must be searched from the piles of the waste gypsum board lump. Therefore, if a large-sized gypsum board covers a foreign object, it will be difficult to push away due to the weight of the pile, and a large pile of waste gypsum board that will be easily formed when the machine is loaded. There were obstacles such as taking time to crush the mountain and stirring it.

  In addition, when the waste gypsum board lump is mostly powdery, dust tends to be generated when transferring to a belt conveyor. The generation of dust not only deteriorates the sorting work environment, but also makes it difficult to find foreign objects of different colors.

  As in this example, in the first step, the waste gypsum board is cut to a certain size and adjusted so that the supply amount is stable and uniform. If it can be removed or the amount of waste gypsum board can be reduced at the same time, the burden on the hand sorting worker 52 can be reduced, and the foreign matter F1 can be removed smoothly and efficiently.

  In the second process, a magnetic separator 53 is installed above the belt conveyor 51, and the magnetic metal foreign matter is attracted and removed by the attractive force of the magnet. As with manual sorting, suctioning is difficult when the weight of foreign objects is obstructed or buried in a large number of mountains. As with the first process, the foreign matter F2 can be efficiently removed by the magnetic separator 53 if the process is performed as in the present embodiment.

  A 4th process isolate | separates into the paper piece D and the gypsum granule B after the crushing and crushing of the tertiary waste gypsum board lump A3 by the crushing and separating apparatus 3. FIG. This step has the same configuration and processing as the third step of the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, a paper sorting sieving device (secondary) 6 is additionally configured as a derivation process of the fourth process. The paper piece D separated and discharged from the disintegration / separation apparatus 3 in the fourth step is received through the input port 61, and the gypsum granule B ′ containing the gypsum powder remaining in the paper piece D is separated from the paper piece D ′ through the paper separation screen 63. To do.

  This paper sorting sieving device (secondary) 6 is composed of a two-stage screw conveyor, and the gypsum granule B ′ is passed through the paper sorting screen 63 while the fed paper piece D is agitated and conveyed in the traveling direction 641 by the upper stage screw conveyor 64. The separated paper piece D ′ is separated and discharged from the discharge port 62 b at the traveling terminal of the upper screw conveyor 64. The gypsum granule B ′ that has passed through the paper sorting screen 63 is conveyed in the traveling direction 651 by the lower screw conveyor 65, and is discharged from the discharge port 62 a at the traveling terminal of the lower screw conveyor 65.

  The discharged gypsum granule B ′ is supplied to the device (residue sieving device 4 ′) in the subsequent process together with the gypsum granule B separated and discharged from the disintegration and separation device 3. The gypsum agglomerate B and the gypsum agglomerate B ′ can be obtained under the same conditions by aligning the opening conditions of the separated screens, that is, the paper sorting screens 35 and 63.

  In this way, in this embodiment, by providing the paper sorting sieving device (secondary) 6, the gypsum powder remaining in the paper piece D separated and discharged from the disintegration and sorting device 3 is further screened, and the quality of the recovered paper It contributes to improving the yield of recovered gypsum powder. In particular, when the waste gypsum board is wet or the amount itself is large, the screen of the sieve is likely to be clogged, and it is difficult to increase the separation rate by one-stage separation. The paper sieving device (secondary) 6 plays a complementary role in improving the recovery quality and recovery rate even under these conditions.

In the fifth step, the gypsum particles B and B ′ are separated and sieved by the residue sorting sieve device 4 ′ and finally separated into gypsum powder C2 and the residue E.
In this embodiment, the residue screening device 4 of Embodiment 1 is applied, and the screening by the residue screening screen 43 is performed in two stages. In the first-stage sorting sieve, the supplied gypsum granule B, B ′ is sent in the traveling direction 431 on the residue sorting screen 43 and separated into gypsum powder C2 and gypsum granule B1. The gypsum agglomerate B1 is sent to the second stage separation sieve through the internal inlet 41 '.
At this time, a residue crushing roll 44 'is provided on the downstream side of the internal charging port 41', and the gypsum grains having a comparatively large particle diameter mixed in the gypsum granule B1 are crushed again. More effective small-diameter gypsum powder can be recovered from uncrushed gypsum grains that were not crushed at the time of crushing, which could not be collected by only one-stage sieve as in Example 1.

  As described above, the separation sieve and re-crushing by the residue separation screen 43 and the crushing roll 44 ′ are not limited to the configuration of the present embodiment. Powder collection efficiency can be increased.

  In particular, when the waste gypsum board is wet, clogging is likely to occur on each screen, and the recovery rate of gypsum powder can be increased by performing multi-stage sieving. In addition, when it is wet, gypsum powder that has been crushed once may be bonded to each other by moisture during transportation and re-agglomerate such that the particles swell like a snowman. Even if the re-agglomerated gypsum granules are screened, it is difficult to recover the gypsum powder as an effective small-diameter gypsum powder. The yield of the gypsum powder to be recovered can be improved by re-crushing these re-agglomerated gypsum grains and uncrushed gypsum grains with the crushing roll 44 '.

  In this embodiment, as a derivative process of the fifth process, a residue sorting sieving device (secondary) 7 is additionally configured. Residue E separated and discharged from the residue separation sieving apparatus 4 'in the fifth step is received through the inlet 71, sent on the residue separation screen 73 in the traveling direction 731 and mixed in the residue E with a small particle size gypsum powder. C2 ′ and residue E ′ are separated and discharged from the outlet 72, respectively.

  The separated gypsum powder C2 'is supplied to the apparatus (gypsum powder classification sieve apparatus 8) in the subsequent process together with the gypsum powder C2 separated and discharged from the residue classification sieve apparatus 4'. The gypsum powder C2 and the gypsum powder C2 'can be obtained under the same conditions by aligning the opening conditions of the separated screens, that is, the residue separation screens 43 and 73.

  As described above, in this embodiment, by providing the residue sorting sieve device (secondary) 7, effective small-diameter gypsum powder remaining and mixed in the residue E separated and discharged from the residue sorting sieve device 4 ′ is further sorted. In addition, it reduces the amount of residue that costs disposal and contributes to improving the yield of recovered gypsum powder. In particular, when the waste gypsum board is wet or when the amount itself is large, the screen of the separation sieve is likely to be clogged, and it is difficult to increase the separation rate by separating one apparatus. The residue separation sieving device (secondary) 7 plays a complementary role in increasing the recovery rate even under these conditions.

Although the residue classification sieve device (secondary) 7 in this example performed a separation sieve for separating the residue and gypsum powder into two types,
There is also a method for performing multi-separation. For example, in this embodiment, small paper pieces that pass through the paper sorting screens 35 and 63 are finally collected in the residue E ′. It has been pointed out that a mixture of organic matter such as paper and gypsum generates hydrogen sulfide gas due to decomposition by sulfuric acid bacteria when moisture is added. If possible, it is better to separate the paper and plaster even for small pieces of paper. Therefore, it is also effective to further separate the residue E ′ in this embodiment and separate and collect a small piece of paper.

  The sixth step separates and classifies the gypsum powder separated and recovered in the upstream step by the gypsum powder classification sieve device 8 into coarse classified gypsum powder C3 and fine classified gypsum powder C4 according to the particle size. The purpose of separation and classification is for different recycling applications. Since the collection efficiency decreases as the value becomes finer, it may be omitted if not necessary.

  The gypsum powder classification screen device 8 has basically the same configuration as the residue classification screen device 4 ′ in the fifth step and the residue classification screen device (2 o'clock) 7 in the derivative process. , C2 ′ is received and sent on the gypsum powder classification screen 83 in the traveling direction 831. Of the sent gypsum powders C1, C2 and C2 ′, fine classified gypsum powder C3 is separated through a gypsum powder classification screen 83, and coarse classified gypsum powder C4 is separated as the remaining portion and is discharged through outlets 82a and 82b, respectively. to recover.

  In this embodiment, the gypsum powders C1, C2, and C2 'are separated under the same opening conditions, mixed once, and finally divided into two types of classified gypsum powders C3 and C4 to be collected. However, gypsum powder separated separately in each step and each stage, for example, primary gypsum powder C1 separated by the pre-sieving device 2, secondary gypsum powder C2 separated by the residue sieving device 4 ', and residue sieving device (secondary) There is also a method in which the secondary gypsum powder C2 ′ separated by 7 is separated by a screen having different opening conditions, and the gypsum powder having different particle size conditions is recovered. Further, there is a method in which the secondary gypsum powder C2 is classified into a plurality of particle size types and collected by changing the opening condition of the residue sorting screen 43 for each stage of the plurality of sorting sieves configured in the residue sieving apparatus 4 ′. . If it does in this way, it will become possible to collect | recover gypsum powder of several particle size types with few apparatuses.

  The present invention proposes an equipment configuration and a processing method that are responsible for the separation processing of waste gypsum board, but mechanically separates the lump containing solids of plate shape, rod shape, and other complicated shapes while crushing. In the case where it must be done, it is highly effective in ensuring the accuracy of separation, processing capacity, and quality of collected items.

A, A1 Collected waste gypsum board mass A 'Large-sized waste gypsum board A2 Secondary waste gypsum board mass A3, A3' Tertiary waste gypsum board mass B, B ', B1, B1' Gypsum granule C1 Primary gypsum powder C2, C2 'secondary gypsum powder C3 classified gypsum powder (coarse)
C4 classification gypsum powder (fine)
D, D 'Paper piece E, E' Residue F Foreign matter F1 Foreign matter collected by manual sorting F2 Foreign matter collected by magnetic separator 1 Fixed feeding device with cutting machine 2 Preliminary sieving device 3 Breaking and sorting device 4, 4 'Residue sorting sieving device 5 Sorting Line 6 Paper sorting screen (secondary)
7 Residue separation sieve device (secondary)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 8 Gypsum powder classification sieve device 11 Input hopper 12 Belt conveyor 13 Cutting machine 21 Input port 22a, 22b Discharge port 23 Rotating drum with a screen 24 Collection hopper 31 Input port 32a, 32b Discharge port 33 Compression crushing roll 34 Paper crushing roll 35 Paper Sorting screen 36 Upper screw conveyor 37 Lower screw conveyor 41 Input port 41 'Internal input port 42a, 42b Discharge port 43 Residue separation screen 44' Residue crushing roll 51 Belt conveyor 52 Manual sorting operator 53 Magnetic separator 61 Input port 62a, 62b Discharge Exit 63 Paper sorting screen 64 Upper screw conveyor 65 Lower screw conveyor 71 Input port 72a, 72b Discharge port 73 Residue separation screen 81 Input port 82a, 82b-Discharge port 83 Gypsum powder classification screen 121 Travel direction 131 the cutting blade of the belt conveyor (upper blade)
132 Cutting blade (lower blade)
133 Operation direction of cutting blade 231 Preliminary sieve screen 331 Rotation direction of compression crushing roll 341 Rotation direction of paper crushing roll 361 Advancing direction of upper screw conveyor 371 Advancing direction of lower screw conveyor 431 Advancing direction on residue sorting screen 441 'Residue Direction of rotation of crushing roll 511 Direction of movement of belt conveyor 641 Direction of movement of upper screw conveyor 651 Direction of movement of lower screw conveyor 731 Direction of movement on residue sorting screen 831 Direction of movement on gypsum powder classification screen

Claims (1)

In the separation processing process of recovered waste gypsum board lump (a mixture of plate, piece, and powder) discharged from the construction site of new construction or dismantling,
(1) A hopper that receives the recovered waste gypsum board lump, a belt conveyor that is at the bottom of the hopper and that sends out the recovered waste gypsum board lump, and the recovered waste gypsum board lump that is sent out by a predetermined amount by the belt conveyor. A quantitative supply device having a cutting machine for discharging
(2) Trommel type primary sieving device for rotating a drum having a screen on its outer periphery;
(3) a biaxial compression crushing roll, a biaxial crushing roll having a protrusion arranged on the downstream side of the crushing crushing roll, a two-stage screw conveyor arranged on the downstream side of the crushing roll, A disintegration and separation apparatus constituted by a screen provided between two stages of screw conveyors,
(4) Secondary sieving device for classifying by vibrating, swinging or rotating the screen,
And consisting of
By connecting each device (1 to 4) directly or using another conveying means,
From the upstream to the downstream of the fractionation processing step, the fixed amount supply device, the primary sieving device, the disintegration and separation device, and the secondary sieving device (1 to 4) are arranged in this order.
(A) The secondary waste gypsum board block (a mixture of plate, piece, and powder) that has been cut and adjusted in the quantitative supply device (1) is supplied to the primary sieving device (2). Send,
(B) The primary waste gypsum board obtained by separating and collecting the primary gypsum powder having a comparatively small particle size from the secondary waste gypsum board lump in the primary sieve device (2) and remaining in the separation in the primary sieve device. A lump (a mixture of plate, flakes, and powders with large and small particle sizes) is sent to the disintegration and separation device (3),
(C) A piece of paper is separated and recovered from the tertiary waste gypsum board lump in the disintegration and separation apparatus (3), and a gypsum lump (large and small particle size gypsum powder and extremely small piece of paper remaining in the disintegration and separation apparatus) ) To the secondary sieving device (4),
(D) In the secondary sieving device (4), the secondary gypsum powder having a comparatively small particle size and the residue (mixture of gypsum powder having a comparatively large particle size and a small paper piece) are separated from the gypsum agglomerates.
Through this process,
A waste gypsum board separation and treatment system characterized in that the collected waste gypsum board lump is finally separated and separated into gypsum powder, paper pieces and residues through each treatment (A to D).