JP2012017759A - Lining for friction damper - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lining for a friction damper which has noise-proof nature and vibration-proof nature against the vibration across a wide range while has sufficiently stable friction coefficient, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance against shaking at the time of earthquake as well as against the shaking of low frequency and low energy.SOLUTION: The lining for a friction damper includes a fiber material, friction adjusting material, friction material containing a binder which combines the fiber material with the friction adjusting material, and a back plate to which the friction material is integrally bonded. The binder contains thermosetting resin. The fiber material is 15 vol.% or above and 45 vol.% or below of friction material. The friction adjusting material contains one or a plurality of kinds of solid lubricant by 5 vol.% or above and 25 vol.% or below against the friction material, contains hard particles of Mohs hardness 7.5 or less by 2 vol.% or above and 15 vol.% or below against the friction material, with the vol.% ratio between the solid lubricant and the hard particles being 0.5 or above and 4.0 or below. The friction material has thickness ratio of 0.3 or above and 4.0 or below against the back plate.

Description

  The present invention relates to a lining for a friction damper.

  As a device for controlling a building or a civil engineering structure, a friction damper device for vibration control is known. The vibration damping friction damper device includes a friction material and a mating member (for example, stainless steel) that comes into contact with the friction material. When a building or the like vibrates due to an earthquake, the friction material and the counterpart member slide to convert the vibration energy of the earthquake into heat energy. As a result, the shaking of the building or the like is suppressed. The friction material which plays such a role is required to have a stable high friction coefficient (dynamic friction coefficient), high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and the like.

  Furthermore, such a vibration suppression system is required to have wear resistance and noise resistance against low frequency and low energy fluctuations generated in strong winds and storms. In other words, not only high-frequency and high-energy vibrations during earthquakes but also frictional wear and noise resistance when relatively low-frequency vibrations are repeated are required. In particular, with regard to noise resistance, it is generally known that the lower the frequency of vibration, the higher the possibility of noise generation, and the noise resistance against strong winds that occur at a frequency much higher than that of an earthquake is Sufficient measures are necessary to ensure the comfort of living.

  Conventionally, as a composition of a friction material used for a vibration damper for vibration control, a main component is a viscoelastic material (for example, rubber), metal (for example, sintered metal), ceramic, etc. (for example, patent) Document 1-2) is known. However, it has been difficult to combine these properties with high and stable friction coefficient, wear resistance, and noise resistance.

  Furthermore, as a vibration suppression system for a wide range of vibrations including low-energy and low-frequency vibrations, a mechanism combining a viscoelastic damper and a friction material damper (see, for example, Patent Document 3-4) or different types of viscosities. A mechanism combining an elastic damper (see, for example, Patent Document 5) has been proposed. All of these problems are that complicated processes and labor are required at the time of design and construction, and the cost increases. In order to solve these problems, the inventor of the present application has already proposed a stable and high friction coefficient (dynamic friction coefficient) μ for a large energy sliding as a lining for a friction damper having a simple shape at a low cost. Has proposed a thermosetting resin composition material having excellent wear resistance (see, for example, Patent Document 6). Furthermore, a friction material composition (see, for example, Patent Document 7) having a stable friction coefficient and wear resistance against corrosion from high frequency to low frequency, and corrosion resistance and noise resistance has been proposed.

JP-A-7-35183 JP-A-8-283070 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-299284 JP 2004-100308 A JP 2004-132415 A JP 2005-29648 A JP 2010-6957 A JP 2009-210048 A

  Lining material made of thermosetting resin has sufficient characteristics as a friction material against low-frequency and low-energy vibrations such as high energy sliding and strong winds such as earthquakes, that is, high and stable friction coefficient, wear resistance and corrosion resistance have. However, in medium- and low-rise buildings and ordinary houses, it is necessary to more reliably suppress noise generation against vibrations with a wide range of frequencies and energy in order to ensure a higher level of comfort. is there.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to provide a sufficiently high and stable friction against earthquake vibrations and low frequency, low energy vibrations. An object of the present invention is to provide a friction damper lining having noise resistance and vibration resistance against a wide range of vibrations while having a coefficient, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

  In a friction material in which various fibers and oxides are hardened with a thermosetting resin, the friction coefficient, wear amount, and noise resistance can be changed in a wide range by changing the type and amount of inclusions. In addition, most of the noise and vibration of the friction damper lining are caused by the stick-slip phenomenon. This stick-slip phenomenon is greatly influenced by the spring constant of the friction material (that is, the friction coefficient characteristic of the interface between the lining material and the member in contact with the lining material) in addition to the combination of the sliding speed and the material. Therefore, in the present application, attention has been paid to the fact that the generation of noise and vibration can be suppressed by changing the rigidity ratio of the lining or changing the friction coefficient characteristics of the lining and the structure in which the lining is embedded. That is, the inventors of the present application adjust the components contained in the friction material, increase the rigidity by integrating the back plate with the friction material, and further, at the interface between the lining and the structure in which the lining is embedded. It has been found that by reducing the friction coefficient, it is possible to ensure noise resistance against a wide range of energy and frequency vibrations, and it is possible to greatly eliminate the complicated design and construction work required by conventional methods. .

  That is, the present invention relates to a friction damper lining that suppresses vibration of a structural material constituting a building by the frictional force of the frictional material, and adjusts the frictional force of the fibrous material that reinforces the frictional material and the frictional material. A friction material including a friction material, a fiber material and a binding material that couples the friction material, and a back plate to which the friction material is integrally fixed. The fiber material is 15 volume% or more and 45 volume% or less with respect to the friction material, and the friction modifier includes one or more kinds of solid lubricants with respect to the friction material. The hard particles having a Mohs hardness of 7.5 or less are contained in an amount of 2 to 15% by volume with respect to the friction material, and the volume ratio of the solid lubricant to the hard particles (solid lubricant / Hard particles) is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less, and the friction material , The ratio of thickness to the back plate (friction material / backplate) is 0.3 to 4.0.

  Such a friction damper lining has a sufficiently high and stable friction coefficient, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance against vibrations during earthquakes, as well as low frequency and low energy vibrations, and has a wide range. It can have both noise resistance and vibration resistance against vibration.

  The solid lubricant may contain particulate graphite having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or more and less than 100 μm. This is because if it is outside this range, the lubricating effect decreases. The friction modifier may be composed of a composition having a melting point or softening point higher than 600 ° C. If it is outside this range, it can be denatured by the heat generated during vibration control.

The back plate may be made of a steel material having a Vickers hardness of 110 or more. Further, the back plate may be configured such that a lubricant is fixed or a lubricant layer is formed on a surface that contacts the structural material on the side opposite to the surface to which the friction material is fixed. This is because the friction layer can reduce the friction coefficient between the back plate and the structural material.

  Resistant to a wide range of vibrations while having a sufficiently high and stable friction coefficient, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance against large energy slides such as earthquakes, and low energy and low frequency vibrations such as strong winds. A friction damper lining having both noise and vibration resistance can be provided.

The schematic block diagram of a load testing machine. The table | surface which compared the characteristic of an Example and a comparative example (Table 1). The table | surface which compared the characteristic of the Example and the comparative example (Table 2). The graph which shows the change of the friction coefficient of the friction material composition with respect to an intermediate plate as an observation result in a loading test. The graph which shows the change of the friction coefficient of the friction material composition with respect to an intermediate plate as an observation result in a loading test.

  Hereinafter, a friction damper lining according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. The friction damper lining described below is one embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these.

  The friction material of the friction damper lining according to the present embodiment includes a fiber component, a friction adjusting component, and a coupling component. The fiber component includes heat resistant organic fiber, ceramic fiber, glass fiber and metal fiber.

  Examples of the heat resistant organic fiber include an aramid fiber, an acrylic fiber, a polyimide fiber, and a phenol fiber. The ceramic fiber is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use, for example, an alumina silica fiber. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as glass fiber, For example, it is preferable to use a thing with an average particle diameter of 1 micrometer or more and 200 micrometers or less and length of 1 micrometer or more and 5 mm or less. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a composition component of a metal fiber, For example, it is preferable to use Cu alloy type fiber or Fe type fiber with a fiber diameter of 3 to 300 μm, a fiber length of 0.5 mm, and a Vickers hardness of 500 or less. The average particle diameter is a volume average particle diameter, and can be measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device or the like.

  In the friction material of the friction damper lining according to this embodiment, the total of the fiber components is 15% by volume or more and 45% by volume or less with respect to the total amount of the composition. By setting the content of the fiber component to 15% by volume or more, sufficiently high uniformity is ensured when the components are mixed. Further, when the content of the fiber component is 45% by volume or less, cracks are hardly generated during molding of the composition, and the shear strength of the friction material can be secured.

The friction material of the friction damper lining according to the present embodiment includes one or two hard particles having a Mohs hardness of 7.5 or less, such as ZrO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , MgO, and SiO ₂ , as a friction adjusting component. As mentioned above, 2 to 15 volume% is contained with respect to the composition whole quantity. By setting the content of hard particles to 2% by volume or more, an improvement in the frictional effect due to the inclusion of the hard particles is significantly recognized. Further, if the content of the friction adjusting component is 15% by volume or less, the aggressiveness of the friction material against the mating member will not be too strong.

The solid lubricant includes graphite, MoS ₂ , SnS, and the like, and includes one or more of these in an amount of 5% by volume to 25% by volume. When the content of the solid lubricant is less than 5% by volume, almost no lubrication effect is observed and noise resistance and wear resistance cannot be improved. On the other hand, if it exceeds 25% by volume, the friction coefficient is remarkably reduced.

  The solid lubricant preferably contains graphite having an average particle size of 1 μm or more and less than 100 μm. Here, if the average particle diameter of graphite is less than 1 μm, the uniformity of the components at the time of mixing is disturbed and the lubricating effect is reduced, and if it is 100 μm or more, the falling off of graphite during sliding increases and the lubricating effect is remarkably reduced.

  Further, the ratio of the volume% of the solid lubricant to the volume% of the hard particles having a Mohs hardness of 7.5 or less (solid lubricant / hard particles) is preferably 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less. When the volume ratio is less than 0.5, the noise resistance is reduced and the attacking property against the mating material is high. When the volume ratio is more than 4.0, the friction coefficient is too low to obtain a sufficient damping effect. .

  Moreover, you may mix barium sulfate, potassium titanate, a calcium salt, a baking mica etc. as arbitrary friction adjustment components. However, in order to improve the stability of the friction coefficient, it is preferable that the friction adjustment component does not include those having a melting point or softening point of 600 ° C. or less.

  The binding component includes at least a thermosetting resin. Examples of the thermosetting resin include phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, and modified resins thereof. Further, these resins can be used in appropriate combination.

  Further, the friction damper lining according to the present embodiment is characterized in that the above-described friction material is integrally fixed to a hard back plate. Examples of the hard plate material include metals, resins, ceramics, and the like, and metals such as Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, and Cu, and alloys thereof are desirable from the viewpoint of rigidity, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and the like. In particular, when importance is attached to cost and heat resistance, a steel material having a Vickers hardness of 110 or more is desirable. If the hardness is less than 110, the friction material may be peeled off due to shear deformation during a large earthquake vibration. The ratio of the thickness of the friction material to the back plate is 0.3 or more and 4.0 or less. If it is 4.0 or more, the effect of fixing the back plate is small and there is little improvement in rigidity. On the other hand, if it is 0.3 or less, the friction material is abraded so that the friction material is easily peeled off.

Further, it is desirable to fix the lubricating layer to the surface of the back plate opposite to the surface on which the friction material is laminated. As the lubricating layer, it is desirable to include a solid lubricant such as graphite, MoS ₂ , BN, fluororesin and the like. Furthermore, instead of the lubricating layer fixed to the back plate, the friction coefficient can be reduced by inserting a plate containing a lubricating coating and a lubricant at the interface between the back plate surface and the frame in which the back plate is embedded. desirable. Although there is no particular limitation on the thickness of the lubricating layer, it is desirable that the thickness be such that the effect of lowering the friction coefficient at the interface by the lubricating layer lasts until the friction damper is replaced.

  In the friction material of the friction damper lining according to the present embodiment, the above-described various components (raw materials) are mixed with a blender or the like, and the obtained powdery mixture is put into a preforming mold and preformed. And after that, the preform is put into a thermoforming mold, press-heated and molded, and further heat-treated.

  In addition, there are no particular limitations on the conditions of the preforming, pressure heating molding and heat treatment of the friction material composition, but the temperature at the time of thermoforming is 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the final heat pressing is 20 MPa to 80 MPa. The time is preferably 100 to 200 seconds.

  Moreover, in order to stabilize the friction coefficient at the beginning of use, you may implement what is called surface baking processing which heats the surface of a friction material.

  By adopting the above configuration, the following characteristics preferable as a friction damper lining can be obtained. That is, the friction coefficient (dynamic friction coefficient) μ is high and stable with respect to high energy and high frequency vibrations and also with low energy and low frequency vibrations, and stability can be ensured. Furthermore, the amount of wear is small and the corrosion resistance is high. In addition, it is a building that requires strict noise resistance by laminating hard backplates with appropriate thicknesses and controlling the friction coefficient at the backplate interface, and is also resistant to vibrations over a wide range of frequencies. Generation of noise can be prevented over a period. Moreover, it has moderate rigidity and can withstand high surface pressure. Further, by controlling the volume ratio between the solid lubricant and the hard particles, the wear resistance and noise resistance can be further enhanced.

  When the friction material composition of the present invention having such characteristics is used, for example, as a friction material composition for a vibration damper for vibration control of a middle-to-high-rise structure, it is necessary for high energy and high frequency vibrations such as earthquakes. It has a stable friction coefficient (dynamic friction coefficient) μ, has an appropriate rigidity, withstands a high surface pressure, and has a small amount of wear even when sliding with a large energy. Furthermore, it has excellent noise resistance, vibration resistance, and a stable coefficient of friction against low energy and low frequency vibrations such as during strong winds, resulting in excellent comfort. Moreover, since the manufacturing method is simple and the manufacturing cost is low, it is very useful industrially. Moreover, the lining of this invention can be widely applied also to sliding members other than the friction material of the vibration damper for vibration control.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below together with comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples shown below.

  Organic fiber (trade name “Kevlar (registered trademark) fiber” manufactured by DuPont), ceramic fiber, metal fiber (copper fiber), binding component (phenol resin), and friction adjusting component are blended at an appropriate blending ratio, and friction material A composition was obtained.

  For producing the friction material, first, the raw materials were sufficiently uniformly mixed with a blender, and then the powdery mixture was put into a preforming mold and pressed at room temperature at a pressure of about 40 MPa for about 5 seconds to form a preformed product. Next, a back plate and a preform formed by punching from a steel plate were set in a thermoforming mold, and thermoformed at a pressure of 50 MPa and a temperature of 150 ° C. for 7 minutes. This was further heat-treated at 250 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a friction material composition for a damper. Moreover, surface baking was implemented with the upper gas burner type radiation type surface baking apparatus.

  Next, a loading test was carried out using the lining (friction material composition + back plate) produced according to the above procedure and the intermediate plate (corresponding to the mating member in contact with the friction material). In addition, the normal steel hot-rolled material (HV = 180) of thickness 6mm was used for the backplate material. The thickness of the lining material is 10 mm.

[Loading Test] In the loading test, as shown in FIG. 1, the middle plate 2 is reciprocated at a high speed and a low speed by the driving force of the actuator 1 and is slid with respect to a fixed test piece (sample) 3. A special load testing machine 10 having The test conditions are as follows. Assuming vibrations during earthquakes and strong winds, the low frequencies were 0.01 and 0.1 Hz, and the high frequencies were 1 Hz, 3 Hz, and 5 Hz.
Friction material: Examples, comparative examples Middle plate: Stainless steel plate (SUS304, 6 mm thickness)
Friction cross section: 140 × 70mm
Average surface pressure: 16.2 MPa
Bolt axial force: 8.0 tons Loading frequency: 0.01 Hz, 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz, 3 Hz, 5 Hz,
Loading amplitude: ± 5mm, ± 30mm
Loading waveform: sin wave Loading frequency: 5 cycles x 8 times (high frequency), 30 cycles (low frequency)
Measurement items: Friction coefficient (dynamic friction coefficient) μ, change in friction coefficient μ, wear amount (amount of friction material thickness change before and after test)

  [Consideration Based on Test Results] In Table 1 shown in FIG. 2 and Table 2 shown in FIG. 3, as a lining for a damper, it is found between a sample which is an example of the present invention and a sample which is a comparative example. Differences in formulation components and properties are shown.

  In Table 1, the symbols “a” to “i” are samples of the friction material composition according to this example (Examples: those in which the fiber amount and the blending ratio of the friction modifier are within the scope of the present invention). is there. Reference numerals “1” to “6” are samples of comparative examples (fiber amounts, friction adjusting components, blending ratios, etc. are outside the scope of the present invention).

  All samples in Table 1 including Examples and Comparative Examples use graphite having an average particle diameter of 45 μm and include a friction adjusting component (for example, cashew dust) having a melting point or a softening point of 600 ° C. or less. Absent.

  In Table 2, the symbols “j” to “k” are samples of the friction material composition according to this example (graphite particle diameter, back plate hardness, etc. are within the applicable range of the present invention). Reference numerals “7” to “11” are samples of comparative examples (graphite average particle diameter, back plate hardness, presence or absence of resin dust are outside the scope of application of the present invention).

  FIG. 4 shows changes in the friction coefficient μ observed during the operation of the high-speed loading tester in the above test for the two samples in Table 1. 4A relates to the sample of the example “c” and FIG. 4B relates to the sample of the comparative example “1”. The friction coefficient μ when the loading frequency is 0.1 Hz and the loading amplitude is ± 30 mm. Shows changes. FIG. 5 shows changes in the friction coefficient μ when stick slip occurs and noise occurs under the same conditions (0.1 Hz, ± 30 mm).

  Here, “friction coefficient μ” shown in Tables 1 and 2 is an average value of all cycles of the frequency at which the test was performed. Further, “stability of the friction coefficient” was determined based on the fluctuation range of the friction coefficient μ as shown in FIG. Specifically, when the fluctuation range of the friction coefficient observed during forward movement and backward movement was less than “0.05”, the stability of the friction coefficient μ of the sample was determined to be “◯”. . On the other hand, when the fluctuation range of the friction coefficient μ observed at the time of forward movement and backward movement is “0.05” or more, the stability of the friction coefficient μ of the sample is determined to be “x”. In addition, when the wear amount of the sample obtained by the test is less than “100 μm”, it is determined that the wear amount of the sample is “small”, and when the wear amount is “100 μm” or more, the wear of the sample is determined. The amount was determined to be “large”.

  Regarding noise, the case where no noise was generated at all loading frequencies tested was “None”, and the case where noise was generated at any frequency was “X”. However, a case where noise was confirmed at only one frequency and the noise stopped midway, or a case where noise was generated and stopped halfway was marked with “Δ”.

As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 4, when comparing the example and the comparative example, each of the examples has a relatively high friction coefficient, high stability, less wear, and excellent noise resistance compared to the comparative example. ing. In each comparative example, the friction coefficient μ is lower than that of the example, the fluctuation range is large, noise is generated, or cracks are generated during thermoforming.

  Table 2 shows a sample (comparative example 9, average particle size = 250 μm) in which the average particle size of graphite of the solid lubricant is outside the application range of the present invention, and graphite having a particle size of 100 μm or less within the application range of the present invention. The comparison result with the sample (Example j, k, average particle diameter = 45 micrometers) is shown. Table 2 shows a sample (Example j) that does not contain a low melting point (or low softening point) friction adjustment component and a sample (Comparative Examples 8 and 11) that contains the friction adjustment component (resin dust). It shows the difference in characteristics seen between them. Table 2 shows that the hardness of the back plate is 110 or less, which is outside the range of the present invention (Comparative Example 7, hardness = 98), and the case within the scope of the present invention (Example j, hardness = 180). The difference of the characteristic seen between is shown. Table 2 shows the difference in characteristics observed between the case where the lubricating layer is present at the interface with the member in which the back plate is embedded (Example k) and the case where it is not present (Comparative Example 10).

  As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that any of the characteristics of the comparative example is inferior to the examples in terms of the stability of the friction coefficient, the wear amount, or the noise resistance.

1 Actuator 2 Middle plate (stainless steel plate)
3 Friction material composition test piece (sample)
10 Loading test machine

Claims (5)

A friction damper lining that suppresses the vibration of the structural material that constitutes the building with the frictional force of the friction material,
A friction material comprising: a fiber material that reinforces the friction material; a friction adjustment material that adjusts a friction force of the friction material; and a binding material that couples the fiber material and the friction adjustment material;
A back plate to which the friction material is integrally fixed,
The binder includes a thermosetting resin,
The fiber material is 15 volume% or more and 45 volume% or less with respect to the friction material,
The friction modifier includes one or more kinds of solid lubricants in an amount of 5% to 25% by volume with respect to the friction material, and hard particles having a Mohs hardness of 7.5 or less to 2% by volume to 15% of the friction material. The volume% ratio of the solid lubricant and the hard particles is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.
The friction material has a thickness ratio with respect to the back plate of 0.3 to 4.0.
Friction damper lining. The solid lubricant includes particulate graphite having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or more and less than 100 μm.
The friction damper lining according to claim 1. The friction modifier is composed of a composition having a melting point or softening point higher than 600 ° C.
The friction damper lining according to claim 1 or 2. The back plate is made of a steel material having a Vickers hardness of 110 or more.
The lining for friction dampers as described in any one of Claims 1-3. In the back plate, a lubricant is fixed or a lubricating layer is formed on a surface that is in contact with the structural material on the opposite side of the surface to which the friction material is fixed.
The lining for friction dampers as described in any one of Claims 1-4.

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