JP2012002388A - Heat exchanger for heat pump and heat pump type hot water supply system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat exchanger for a heat pump, which enables an outdoor unit to be made compact, and enables a system to be controlled at a vicinity of the maximum efficiency of a COP (Coefficient Of Performance) while monitoring the outside air temperature, and to provide a heat pump type hot water supply system of the heat exchanger.SOLUTION: An air heat exchanger of a heat pump type water heater includes a rotationally driving means 32 and a permanent magnet type heater comprising: a permanent magnet 31b to be rotated by the rotationally driving means; and a conductor installed in a vicinity of the permanent magnet. The conductor is heated with the Joule heat generated by the eddy current generated in the conductor by the rotation of the permanent magnet. Thus, the outside air and/or the refrigerant in contact with the conductor is heated. The outside air and/or the refrigerant is heated by operating the permanent magnet type heater of the air heat exchanger when the outside air temperature is dropped, and the COP is degraded.

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for a heat pump and its heat pump hot water supply system. Specifically, the present invention relates to a permanent magnet type heat exchanger that can be used as a heat exchanger and a heat pump hot water supply system that employs the heat exchanger.

  A heat pump heating device, a heat pump water heater, and the like include an air heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the heat energy of the atmosphere. The heat pump heater uses the thermal energy of the atmosphere for heating. The heat pump type water heater uses the thermal energy of the atmosphere when heating water. In this way, since thermal energy of the atmosphere is used as a heat source, it is a thermal device with very good energy efficiency. The capabilities of heat pump heaters, heat pump water heaters, etc. are often expressed using coefficient of performance.

Hereinafter, the coefficient of performance is described as COP, which is an abbreviation for Coefficient Of Performance. This COP is one of indexes indicating energy consumption efficiency of a cooling device, a heating device, a refrigerator, etc., and is calculated as a ratio of cooling or heating capacity to consumed energy of a heat pump device.
COP = (cooling capacity or heating capacity) / energy consumption (Formula 1)
In the cooling device, a cooling COP obtained by dividing the cooling capacity (kW) by the cooling power consumption (kW) under rated conditions is used.

  In the heating device, a heating COP obtained by dividing the heating capacity (kW) by the heating power consumption under rated conditions is used. In a manufacturer that manufactures these devices, COP often has a value of 4 or more described in the label of each device. This COP is a value obtained by evaluating the performance when operated under a constant temperature condition (rated condition). When the outside air temperature is low, the COP decreases. Generally, when the outside air temperature is lowered, the heat pump apparatus cannot suck up the thermal energy of the atmosphere from around 7 ° C.

  Hereinafter, the case where the temperature of the outside air is low refers to a temperature at which the COP of the apparatus is greatly lowered than when operating under the rated conditions, and a temperature lower than that. Usually, it refers to a temperature of 7 ° C. or lower. Therefore, the COP of the heat pump apparatus becomes 1 or less, and the heat pump apparatus cannot operate normally unless all the energy required for each apparatus constituting the heat pump apparatus is injected from the outside. The heat pump apparatus cannot perform hot water supply, heating, cooling, or the like. That is, as the use of the thermal energy of the atmosphere or the outside air decreases, the COP of the water heater or the heater decreases, and the heat pump function cannot be used at all.

  Therefore, another energy source such as an electric heater or a gas heater is required for heating the refrigerant. In order to maintain the operation of the water heater or heater, the missing energy must be supplied. Thus, even when the outside air temperature drops below zero, there is a demand for using the water heater (heating) system in the maximum COP state of the system as much as possible. For this reason, manufacturers are forced to make various efforts. For example, measures such as increasing the fin area of the outdoor unit are taken. In addition, ordinary heaters are sold only in regions where the outside air temperature does not drop much, for example, outside air temperature does not drop below 7 ° C.

  In cold regions, measures such as adding heaters with different specifications are taken. In the air heat exchanger, when the outside air temperature is low, frost is formed, and the capacity of the apparatus is reduced. For this reason, defrost operation which removes frost formation of an air heat exchanger is performed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a heat pump type water heater that performs a defrost operation in which hot gas of a compressor is supplied to an air heat exchanger to remove frost from the air heat exchanger. The apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2 is provided with a combustion heat source in order to ensure the heating capability when the outside air temperature is lowered in winter or the like.

  The apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 3 recovers exhaust heat of the compressor with an exhaust heat exchanger and sends this energy to a defrost heat exchanger provided in the outdoor heat exchanger to perform defrost.

JP 2003-222391 A JP-A-5-71769 JP 2005-83711 A

  However, during the defrost operation, the original functions of the system such as water heating are interrupted, and the energy used for the defrost is wasted. Further, as the outside air temperature decreases, the amount of heat obtained from the outside air temperature decreases, and the device does not function. This is because the heater and the water heater must supply all the energy from the outside without using a heat exchanger with the outside air, and the COP becomes 1 or less and does not function as a heat pump. . As a result, the COP drops below 1. Further, because of the defrost operation for removing frost, the heating / hot water supply cycle is frequently stopped, and continuous heating and hot water supply cannot be performed.

  If a gas heater and an electric heater are separately provided, not only costs are increased, but a part of the apparatus cannot be used and is wasted. Thus, when COP falls, you must devise a heater and a water heater so that COP as high as possible is obtained. For this reason, the inventors of the present invention have come to the present invention as a result of studying to cover the insufficient energy with the energy of a permanent magnet heater. Furthermore, power outlets in Japanese homes are generally designed to supply a maximum power of 100V and 20A.

  According to this, the energy which can be supplied from one power outlet is 2000W. When calculated with calories, the maximum is 860 × 2 = 1720 kcal per hour. This power energy is a heater with 100% efficiency, and theoretically can only raise 20 liters of water from 0 ° C. to 86 ° C. per hour. For example, experience shows that if the bath water for nursing care is boiled with electricity, energy of about 4000 W is required to boil it with a margin. Accordingly, a hot water heater having a COP of 2 or more is required even when the above-described ordinary household power outlet is used to the maximum.

The present invention has been made based on the technical background as described above, and achieves the following objects.
The objective of this invention is providing the heat exchanger for heat pumps which can prevent the fall of a coefficient of performance even when the external temperature falls, and its heat pump type hot water supply system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger for a heat pump that can reduce the size of an outdoor unit and control the system in the vicinity of the maximum efficiency of the COP while monitoring the outside air temperature, and its heat pump hot water supply system.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following means.
The present invention provides a heat exchanger for a heat pump and a heat pump hot water supply system thereof. Each is described in detail below.
[Heat pump heat exchanger]
The heat exchanger for a heat pump of the present invention is a heat exchanger used in a heat pump type heat apparatus, and is an evaporator that cools a low-pressure refrigerant by removing heat from the surrounding fluid and evaporating it.

  The heat exchanger for a heat pump according to the present invention includes a rotation drive means, a permanent magnet rotated by the rotation drive means, and a Joule heat that is installed in the vicinity of the permanent magnet and is generated by an eddy current generated by the rotation of the permanent magnet. And a conductor that heats the fluid and / or the refrigerant at a reduced pressure and low temperature.

The heat exchanger for heat pump of the present invention has a rotor composed of a plurality of permanent magnets arranged on a rotating shaft rotated by the rotation driving means, and a cavity for inserting and rotating the rotor. And it is good to consist of the stator which consists of the said conductor arrange | positioned on the outer periphery of the said permanent magnet.
Furthermore, the stator may be provided with a refrigerant path that is installed so as to be capable of transferring heat to the conductor and through which the refrigerant flows.

Still further, the conductor may be a refrigerant path having a cavity through which the refrigerant flows.
The aforementioned fluid is a fluid such as air, water, oil or the like.
The refrigerant path may be a refrigerant pipe arranged in a spiral shape so as to wrap around the outer periphery of the rotor. The refrigerant path may have fins for exchanging heat with a fluid such as air, water, or oil. Or the said refrigerant path has the heat exchange board which has the said fin, or the thing integrated with the said fin, or the thing arrange | positioned around is good.

The heat exchanger for a heat pump according to the present invention includes a rotating shaft that is rotated by the rotation driving unit, a magnetic pole face plate that is fixed to the rotating shaft in a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft, and a plurality of the permanent magnets are fixed. And a heated portion made of the conductor provided to face the magnetic pole face plate.
The heated portion is preferably installed so as to be able to transfer heat to the conductor and includes a refrigerant path through which the refrigerant flows.
The conductor is preferably a refrigerant path having a cavity through which the refrigerant flows.

It is preferable that the permanent magnet has an elongated shape and is arranged so that the longitudinal axis thereof is orthogonal to the rotational axis of the rotational shaft.
Furthermore, the heat exchanger for a heat pump according to the present invention preferably has a distance control means for changing the distance between the heated portion and the magnetic pole face plate and controlling the strength of heating of the conductor. Therefore, the strength of heating of a fluid such as air, water, oil, or a refrigerant is controlled.
The refrigerant path may be a refrigerant pipe arranged in parallel to face the magnetic pole face plate and arranged in a spiral around the axis of the rotating shaft.

[Heat pump hot water supply system]
The heat pump hot water supply system of the present invention is a heat pump hot water supply system using the heat exchanger for heat pump described above. In the heat pump hot water supply system of the present invention, the thermal device is configured to store the hot water in the hot water storage tank, and heat the water flowing out of the hot water storage tank by exchanging heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to form the hot water. A hot water supply circuit connected to the hot water storage tank, and a water heat exchanger connected to the hot water supply circuit for exchanging the heat between the refrigerant and the water. And a compressor for compressing the high-temperature refrigerant into the high-temperature / high-pressure refrigerant, heat-exchanging the water with the high-temperature / high-pressure refrigerant to heat the hot water, and A water heat exchanger for converting the low-temperature refrigerant into the low-temperature refrigerant, an expansion valve for depressurizing the low-temperature refrigerant to be further low-temperature to be the low-pressure low-temperature refrigerant, and Use high-temperature refrigerant Characterized by comprising the refrigerant circulation path consisting of the heat pump heat exchanger fit.

  According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. When the heat exchanger for a heat pump of the present invention is used, when the coefficient of performance falls due to a decrease in outside air temperature or the like, the refrigerant is heated by a permanent magnet type heating means or the fluid such as air around the air heat exchanger The heat pump type thermal equipment can be operated stably.

  According to the heat exchanger for heat pump of the present invention and its heat pump hot water supply system, when the coefficient of performance falls due to a decrease in outside air temperature or the like, the refrigerant is heated by the permanent magnet type heating means or around the heat exchanger. By heating the fluid such as air, it is possible to prevent the performance of heat pump type heat equipment from being reduced and to perform optimum operation.

  According to the heat exchanger for heat pump and the heat pump hot water supply system of the present invention, the frost of the air heat exchanger can be removed by the permanent magnet type heating means without reducing the capacity of the heat pump hot water supply system. It became possible to perform stable operation.

  According to the heat exchanger for heat pump and the heat pump hot water supply system of the present invention, in the case of heating (heating / hot water supply) using power energy from a power outlet in a home where the supply power is limited, the heat generation phenomenon itself Compared with the conventional method using the heat, more heat can be supplied. For example, a nursing bath where the power from a power outlet in a general household has not been experienced can be obtained by using the heat pump water heater of the present invention to supply the necessary bath water for nursing. I can do it now.

  In the heat exchanger for heat pump and the heat pump hot water supply system of the present invention, the outdoor unit (condenser or evaporator part) is extremely small and can be reduced in size and weight. Further, for example, even when the outside air temperature becomes −20 ° C. or lower, the COP can be kept around even in the worst case. Further, for example, when the outside air temperature is 10 ° C. or higher, the operation can be performed at the maximum COP. And the defrost (defrosting) function required for the conventional heat pump type hot water heater or thermal equipment is not required, and it can contribute to cost reduction and miniaturization of the heat pump type hot water supply system or thermal equipment.

  The heat exchanger for heat pump of the present invention and its heat pump type hot water supply system can control the coefficient of performance which is impossible and suitable for the conventional heat pump type hot water heater, and the control becomes simple. Conventionally, there was no need for a spare heater or heating source, which was necessary when the coefficient of performance decreased.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an outline of a heat pump type water heater 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the air heat exchanger 15 employing a cylindrical permanent magnet heater. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the air heat exchanger 15 of the heat pump type hot water heater 1, FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction, and FIG. 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3 (a). FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an outline of the control unit 7 of the heat pump hot water heater 1 controlling each device. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an outline of an air heat exchanger 150 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an arrangement example of the permanent magnets 131 b of the air heat exchanger 150. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of the refrigerant pipe 130b of the air heat exchanger 150. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing a hot water supply system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an outline in which the control unit 214 of the hot water supply system according to the third embodiment of the present invention controls each device.

[First Embodiment]
A heat pump type water heater 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the simplification of the heat pump type hot water heater 1. The heat pump type hot water heater 1 is a system for heating hot water at room temperature such as tap water to make hot water. This hot water is used for life such as a home kitchen and bath. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat pump type hot water heater 1 heats normal temperature water with the refrigerant of the refrigerant cycle 3 to make hot water, hot water supply cycle 2 for supplying the hot water, and heats the refrigerant. It consists of the refrigerant cycle 3 which heats the normal temperature water of the hot water supply cycle 2 with the heated refrigerant to make warm water. The refrigerant cycle 3 is a kind of refrigeration cycle for exchanging heat between the normal temperature water and air and the refrigerant.

[Hot water cycle 2]
The hot water supply cycle 2 includes a hot water storage tank 4 that stores hot water. The hot water storage tank 4 also stores water at room temperature before heating. Hot water is supplied from the hot water storage tank 4 to the outside. A hot water supply port 4d is disposed on the upper wall of the hot water storage tank 4, and a water supply port 4a is disposed on the bottom wall thereof. From the water supply port 4a, room temperature water such as tap water is supplied to the hot water storage tank 4 through the cold water pipe 5a connected thereto. Hot water heated to a desired temperature is discharged from the hot water supply port 4d to a hot water discharge pipe 5b connected thereto.

  The hot water supply cycle 2 includes a low temperature water channel 2a, a water circulation pump 12, a low temperature water channel 2b, a water heat exchanger 9, and a hot water channel 2c. The low temperature water channel 2 a and the low temperature water channel 2 b are water channels for supplying the water taken out from the hot water storage tank 4 to the water heat exchanger 9. The low temperature water channel 2 a is a pipe line that is connected to a water intake 4 b provided on the bottom wall of the hot water storage tank 4 and allows normal temperature water or low temperature water to flow from the hot water storage tank 4. The water circulation pump 12 is a fluid pump for forcibly circulating the flow of water and hot water in the hot water supply cycle 2.

  Specifically, the water circulation pump 12 draws water from the hot water storage tank 4 and supplies it to the water heat exchanger 9. The hot water passage 2 c is a conduit for supplying hot water discharged from the water heat exchanger 9 to the hot water storage tank 4. The end of the hot water channel 2 c is connected to a hot water inlet 4 c opened at the top of the hot water storage tank 4. When the water circulation pump 12 is driven, water flows from the water intake 4 b to the low temperature water channel 2 a and the low temperature water channel 2 b and is supplied to the water heat exchanger 9. Therefore, the hot water discharged from the water heat exchanger 9 flows into the upper part of the hot water storage tank 4 through the hot water passage 2c.

  The water heat exchanger 9 is an apparatus for heating normal temperature water or low temperature water by exchanging heat with the refrigerant heated in the refrigerant cycle 3. The water heat exchanger 9 is generally installed outdoors. If it says from the refrigerant cycle 3, the water heat exchanger 9 is a condenser, and is for cooling the pressurized hot gas which is the refrigerant | coolant compressed with the compressor 13, and making it a liquid. As the water heat exchanger 9 of the present embodiment, a condenser of any known principle can be used. A heat exchanger is generally a device that efficiently transfers heat from a fluid having a high temperature to a fluid having a low temperature. In this example, a heat exchanger having any structure and principle can be used. Since the present invention is not an invention based on the condenser or the water heat exchanger 9 itself, detailed description of the water heat exchanger 9 is omitted.

[Refrigerant cycle 3]
The refrigerant cycle 3 includes the compressor 13, the water heat exchanger 9, the expansion valve 14, and the air heat exchanger 15. And each apparatus is connected in order by refrigerant paths 3a-3d, such as a pief, in which refrigerant flows. The refrigerant cycle 3 is a device constituting a so-called Carnot refrigeration cycle. In other words, the refrigerant cycle 3 has a heat pump type operating principle. The discharge pipe of the compressor 13 is connected to the water heat exchanger 9 through the refrigerant path 3d.

  In terms of the refrigerant cycle 3, the air heat exchanger 15 is an evaporator for heating a liquid, which is a refrigerant, with ambient air to form a gas. The compressor 13 compresses the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant cycle 3 to high temperature and high pressure. The compressor 13 sucks and compresses a gas, which is a cold refrigerant, which has become a gas in the evaporator (air heat exchanger 15), and converts it into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. As the compressor 13, any known operating principle and any shape compressor can be used as long as the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant cycle 3 functions to increase the temperature and pressure.

  For example, a rotary compressor or the like is used as the compressor 13. The water heat exchanger 9 referred to in the present embodiment is a condenser in the refrigerant cycle 3, and is a liquid that cools and condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 13 with water. is there. Speaking from the hot water supply cycle 2, the water heat exchanger 9 serves as a heat exchanger for heating water. The refrigerant that has become liquid is temporarily stored in a liquid receiver (not shown). The expansion valve 14 expands a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid into a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant.

  As the expansion valve 14, any known operation principle and any shape expansion valve can be used as long as the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant cycle 3 has a function of lowering the temperature and pressure. For example, the expansion valve 14 is an electric expansion valve, an ejection device such as an ejector, or a capillary tube. In the refrigerant cycle 3, the air heat exchanger 15 is an evaporator in which a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant takes heat from the air and evaporates at the outlet of the expansion valve 14 to perform a refrigeration action. Thus, this evaporator is also a heat exchanger in the sense that it takes heat away from the surrounding air.

  Accordingly, in the present embodiment, it is referred to as an air heat exchanger 15. The outlet of the water heat exchanger 9 is connected to the expansion valve 14 via the refrigerant path 3a. The outlet of the expansion valve 14 is connected to the inlet of the air heat exchanger 15 through the refrigerant path 3b. The outlet of the air heat exchanger 15 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 13 via the refrigerant path 3c. The refrigerant flows and circulates in the order of the compressor 13, the water heat exchanger 9, the expansion valve 14, the air heat exchanger 15, and the compressor 13. As the refrigerant, a supercritical refrigerant used in a supercritical state is used.

For example, carbon dioxide CO ₂ , alternative chlorofluorocarbon (HFC: hydrofluorocarbons), ammonia, etc. can be used as the refrigerant. The refrigerant cycle 3 has a fan 16 that adjusts the capacity of the air heat exchanger 15. The fan 16 is rotationally driven by driving means such as a motor 17 and blows ambient air to the air heat exchanger 15. In order to further cool and condense the refrigerant discharged from the water heat exchanger 9, the refrigerant cycle 3 can also include a second heat exchanger 10. The heat exchanger 10 has a structure in which the refrigerant path 3a is cooled by the cold water pipe 5a.

  As illustrated in phantom lines in FIG. 1, the cold water pipe 5 a has a structure in which the refrigerant path 3 a is wound before being connected to the hot water storage tank 4, and performs heat exchange. In other words, the water in the cold water pipe 5 a before being supplied to the hot water storage tank 4 is heated by the surplus heat of the refrigerant that has not been heat exchanged by the water heat exchanger 9. As a result, the efficiency of the refrigerant cycle 3 is increased. The heat pump type water heater 1 of this example has a structure that includes the two-stage heat exchanger and cools the refrigerant. Since the heat exchanger 10 is arranged, the water flowing through the cold water pipe 5a is preliminarily heated by the refrigerant that has exited the water heat exchanger 9, so that the heat efficiency of the heat pump hot water heater 1 is improved.

[Others]
As described above, the water heat exchanger 9 is described so as to be included in both the hot water supply cycle 2 and the refrigerant cycle 3. The reason is that the water in the hot water supply cycle 2 and the refrigerant in the refrigerant cycle 3 are heat-exchanged in the water heat exchanger 9. The refrigerant and water do not mix fluidly with each other, and exchange heat while flowing through independent fluid paths. At this time, the refrigerant is deprived of heat and lowered in temperature. At this time, the refrigerant liquefies in some cases.

  Water absorbs heat from the heating refrigerant and becomes warm water. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the heat pump type water heater 1 includes a control unit 7 for controlling the entire apparatus. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing connections between the control unit 7 and other devices. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the heat pump type water heater 1 includes a temperature detection means 18 for detecting the temperature of water and a temperature detection means 19 for detecting the temperature of hot water supplied to the hot water storage tank 4. I have.

  The heat pump type hot water heater 1 includes a temperature detection means 20 for detecting the temperature of the outside air, and a temperature detection means 21 for detecting the temperature of the hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank 4. As these temperature detection means 18, 19, 20, and 21, any known thermometer and temperature detection device can be used as long as each temperature can be detected. The control unit 7 uses the temperature data detected by the temperature detection means 18 to 21 so that the refrigerant cycle 3 operates optimally so that the temperature of the hot water falls within a preset temperature range. 13, the expansion valve 14, the water circulation pump 12 and the like are cascade-controlled.

The control unit 7 also controls a motor 32 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) described later. Details of these controls will be described later.
[Air heat exchanger 15]
The air heat exchanger 15 is an evaporator in which a low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant usually evaporates by taking heat from the surrounding air, and the refrigerant in this embodiment heats the refrigerant according to operating conditions. Is for.

  Heating of the air heat exchanger 15 has a function of heating the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant discharged from the expansion valve 14 from the outside depending on the operating conditions of the heat pump hot water heater 1. In the present embodiment, the air heat exchanger 15 is in contact with air that is the atmosphere during normal operation, and performs heat exchange between the cold heat of the refrigerant and the heat of the air. When the atmospheric temperature is low and heating is necessary, the air heat exchanger 15 can also heat the refrigerant with a rotating permanent magnet. That is, an eddy current is generated in a conductor by a rotating permanent magnet, and the refrigerant that contacts the conductor is heated by heat exchange.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of the air heat exchanger 15 of the present embodiment. The air heat exchanger 15 includes a motor 32 fixed to a main body such as a housing, a rotating shaft 33 connected to the rotating output shaft, a rotor 31 provided on the rotating shaft 33, and an outer periphery of the rotor 31. The stator 30 and the like fixedly disposed on the surface. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the external appearance of the rotor 31 has an elongated cylindrical shape. The output shaft of the motor 32 rotationally drives the rotating shaft 33 connected thereto. In this embodiment, the rotating shaft 33 has a long and narrow bar shape. However, the rotary shaft 33 may not have a rod shape but may have an arbitrary shape such as a rectangle as long as it transmits or converts the rotary motion of the motor 32 to the rotary motion of the rotor 31.

  The motor 32 is directly connected to the rotor 31. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the air heat exchanger 15 of FIG. 2, and FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along the axial direction of the air heat exchanger 15 of FIG. These are sectional drawings of AA of Drawing 3 (a). As shown in FIG. 3, the rotor 31 includes a rotating rotary shaft 33 and a plurality of permanent magnets 31 b fixed at positions on the outer periphery of the rotary shaft 33. The permanent magnet 31b is for rotating to form an alternating magnetic field around it.

  The stator 30 has a flow path for the refrigerant so that the refrigerant flows through the stator 30, and heats the flowing refrigerant by heat exchange with the heat of the surrounding air. The center of the stator 30 has a cylindrical cavity for rotatably supporting and inserting the rotor 31. A refrigerant pipe 30 b for flowing the refrigerant is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the cavity of the stator 30. The refrigerant pipe 30b is spirally wound so as to surround the rotor 31 from the outer periphery. On the outer periphery of the refrigerant pipe 30b, fins 30a for cooling are disposed in contact with the refrigerant pipe 30b. Further, a cylinder 30c made of a conductive material is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the refrigerant pipe 30b. In other words, the refrigerant pipe 30b is wound around and fixed to the outer periphery of the cylinder 30c. The cylinder 30c is a hollow cylinder made of a conductive material, and is heated by an alternating magnetic field generated from the permanent magnet 31b. The cylinder 30c, the refrigerant pipe 30b, and the fin 30a are integrated.

  Also, bearings for rotatably supporting the rotating shaft 33 of the rotor 30 at both ends are disposed at both ends of the cylinder 30c. The rotor 31 is inserted into the central cavity of the cylinder 30c, and both ends thereof are rotatably supported by bearings. In the present embodiment, the refrigerant pipe 30b is an elongated tube having a predetermined radius. The refrigerant pipe 30b is made of, for example, a copper alloy pipe. When the rotor 31 rotates, the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnet 31b generates an eddy current in the conductive material of the cylinder 30c due to this rotation.

  The cylinder 30c is heated by Joule heat generated by the eddy current. The heat of the cylinder 30c is heat transfer to heat the refrigerant pipe 30b, and finally, the refrigerant inside the refrigerant pipe 30b is heated. The refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerant pipe 30b from the refrigerant path 3b connected to one end of the refrigerant pipe 30b. The refrigerant heated in the cylinder 30c by the heat of the surrounding air through the fins 30a while flowing through the refrigerant pipe 30b or by the heat generated by the rotation of the rotor 31, the refrigerant path 3c connected to the multiple ends of the refrigerant pipe 30b. Is discharged from the refrigerant pipe 30b.

  The refrigerant is basically supplied continuously from the refrigerant path 3b, flows through the refrigerant pipe 30b, and is continuously discharged to the refrigerant path 3c. The refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 30b is heated by exchanging heat with the fins 30a. The fins 30a are installed so as to be able to exchange heat with the outside air. As shown in FIG. 1, the fan 16 sends outside air into the fins 30a. When the outside air temperature is high, the refrigerant receives heat energy from the outside air through the fins 30a. When the outside air temperature decreases, the refrigerant is not sufficiently heated only by heat exchange with the outside air.

  In order to sufficiently heat the refrigerant, the refrigerant is heated by an eddy current generated by the rotating permanent magnet 31b, that is, Joule heat. The fin 30a has a shape in which the outer periphery is cylindrical in the figure, but any fin 30a having a known arbitrary shape, material, or structure can be used as long as it can provide heat exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air. it can. For example, the refrigerant pipe 30b can be configured to be in contact with a heat exchange plate having a large number of fins 30a so that heat can be transferred. When the outside air temperature is high, the heat pump water heater 1 is efficiently operated only by heat exchange with the outside air. Naturally, the COP of the heat pump type hot water heater 1 at this time shows a high value.

  However, when the outside air temperature decreases, the COP of the heat pump type water heater 1 gradually decreases. When the outside air temperature becomes low, the heat pump water heater 1 cannot be operated efficiently only by heat exchange with the outside air. When the heat pump water heater 1 does not operate normally only by heat exchange with the outside air due to a decrease in the outside air temperature, the heat pump water heater 1 can be efficiently and normally heated by heating the refrigerant by heating with a permanent magnet. To run. This decrease in outside air temperature refers to an outside air temperature that causes a significant decrease in COP of the heat pump water heater.

  The decrease in the outside air temperature in this example refers to, for example, a temperature of 7 ° C. or less, particularly a temperature below zero. It can be said that the heat pump hot water heater 1 includes the air heat exchanger 15 that employs a heater composed of a permanent magnet 31b or the like. In other words, the heat pump type water heater 1 of the present embodiment includes the air heat exchanger 15 that employs an eddy current type heater. The permanent magnet 31b is a magnet having a rectangular cross-sectional shape as illustrated in FIG. The permanent magnet 31b is fixedly arranged at equal angular intervals on the outer periphery of the rotary shaft 33 having a circular cross-sectional shape. Adjacent permanent magnets 31 b are arranged such that different magnetic poles are directed in the radial direction of the rotation shaft 33.

  In the example of FIG. 3, the permanent magnet 31 b has an elongated shape and is arranged so that the longitudinal axis thereof is parallel to the center line of the rotation shaft 33. As the permanent magnet 31b, for example, a known material such as a neodymium magnet is used. Placing a magnetic spacer made of a yoke thin plate, a non-magnetic spacer, etc. (not shown) between the permanent magnet 31b and the permanent magnet 31b is effective for fixing the permanent magnet 31b or forming magnetic lines of force. is there. Further, if a wedge-shaped spacer (not shown) is inserted in the space between the permanent magnet 31b and the permanent magnet 31b, the permanent magnet 31b can be firmly fixed.

  The shape, material, and arrangement of the permanent magnet 31b are not limited to the present embodiment. As long as the permanent magnet 31b can rotate and generate an eddy current in the conductor to finally heat the refrigerant, a magnet having an arbitrary shape and material can be used. One permanent magnet 31b shown in FIG. 3 can also be composed of a plurality of magnet elements. In the present embodiment, the cylinder 30c and the refrigerant pipe 30b are separate members.

  However, either one of these can also function as the other. For example, the refrigerant pipe 30b is made of a conductor and is heated by the rotating permanent magnet 31b, so that the refrigerant flowing therein can be heated. Or the cylinder 30c can also be made into the structure which has the arbitrary cavities through which a refrigerant | coolant flows. With such a structure, the refrigerant pipe 30b is not necessary, and the cylinder 30c is directly connected to the refrigerant path 3b and the refrigerant path 3c. And the cylinder 30c which has a cavity is heated, and the refrigerant | coolant which flows through it is heated by it.

[Thermal insulation structure of the air heat exchanger 15]
The air heat exchanger 15 performs a heating operation by rotating a permanent magnet, particularly when the outside air temperature is low. At this time, when the refrigerant pipe 30b comes into contact with the outside air directly or through the fins 30a, the heated refrigerant pipe 30b is cooled with the outside air, and the heating efficiency is deteriorated. In order to prevent this, it is preferable that the air heat exchanger 15 has a heat insulating structure that is insulated from the outside air in a partitioned space. For example, the entire air heat exchanger 15 is stored in a casing (not shown) surrounded by a heat insulating material.

  The casing is provided with an outside air inlet for sucking in outside air and an outside air outlet for discharging outside air after heat exchange is completed. The fan 16 operates and sucks outside air into the housing from the outside air inlet and sends it into the fin 30a. Thereby, the external air cooled by heat exchange is discharged | emitted from an external air discharge port. When the outside air temperature becomes low, if the fan 16 is stopped and the outside air inlet and the outside air outlet are closed, there is no heat exchange between the refrigerant pipe 30b and the outside air. Therefore, the heat energy of heating by the permanent magnet 31b is not lost to the outside air and is used only for heating the refrigerant.

[Operation of control unit 7]
As shown in FIG. 4, the heat pump type water heater 1 has a control unit 7 for controlling the operation of the entire apparatus. The basic function of the heat pump type water heater 1 is to discharge hot water having a predetermined temperature from the hot water storage tank 4. Since the detailed control of the hot water supply cycle 2 and the refrigerant cycle 3 is not the gist of the present invention, only the outline of the operation will be described. The control unit 7 controls each device of the heat pump water heater 1 so that the heat pump water heater 1 operates at the highest COP.

  The heat pump type water heater 1 is provided with temperature detecting means 18, 19, and 21 in the vicinity of the hot water storage tank 4 so as to keep the temperature in the hot water storage tank 4, more precisely, the temperature of hot water discharged therefrom. To control. For example, when the temperature of the hot water detected by the temperature detection means 21 is lower than the set temperature, the supply of hot water to the hot water storage tank 4 is increased or the temperature is increased. In this case, the amount of heat exchange in the water heat exchanger 9 is increased. For this purpose, the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the water heat exchanger 9 is increased or the circulation speed of the refrigerant is increased.

  After the hot water in the hot water storage tank 4 is heated to the set temperature, the hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 4 and when a long time has passed, the heat is released from the hot water storage tank to the outside. Go down. At this time, the temperature of the hot water detected by the temperature detecting means 21 is lower than the set temperature, and as described above, the supply of hot water to the hot water storage tank 4 is increased or the temperature is increased to increase the temperature from the hot water storage tank 4. Set the supplied hot water to the set temperature. Or although not shown in figure, the tank temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the fluid in the hot water storage tank 4 can be provided.

  Based on the temperature detected by the tank temperature detecting means, the supply of hot water to the hot water storage tank 4 is increased or the temperature is increased, and the hot water supplied from the hot water storage tank 4 is set to a set temperature. Moreover, since the temperature of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 4 can be confirmed by a simple experiment to determine how much the temperature falls between the outside air temperature and the stored time, the control unit 7 allows the hot water at an appropriate time interval. And the temperature of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 4 can be kept at the set temperature. When the temperature of the hot water detected by the temperature detection means 21 is higher than the set temperature, the supply of hot water to the hot water storage tank 4 is decreased.

  In this case, the amount of heat exchange in the water heat exchanger 9 is reduced. For this purpose, the temperature of the refrigerant supplied to the water heat exchanger 9 is lowered or the circulation of the refrigerant is delayed. In order to lower the temperature of the hot water, the supply of water to the hot water storage tank 4 can be increased. The amount of water supplied to the hot water storage tank 4 is basically only the amount of hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank 4. However, it is possible to temporarily supply water to the hot water storage tank 4 temporarily to lower the temperature in the hot water storage tank 4.

  The refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant pipe 30b is controlled so as to be heated to a predetermined temperature or higher than a predetermined temperature. The number of rotations of the motor 32 can control the eddy current, and hence the amount of heat exchanged with the refrigerant. If the rotation speed of the motor 32 is increased, this amount of heat increases. If the rotation speed of the motor 32 is slowed down, this amount of generated heat is reduced. The temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the air heat exchanger 15 can be measured by providing a refrigerant temperature detection means at its outlet, but can be controlled only by the rotational speed of the motor 32.

  This is because if the type of refrigerant, the material of the refrigerant pipe 30b and the cylinder 30c, and the type of the permanent magnet 31b are known, the eddy current and Joule heat generated in the cylinder 30c can be calculated only by the rotation speed of the motor 32. Of course, after the air heat exchanger 15 is assembled, a simple experiment can be performed to obtain numerical values relating to the rotational speed of the motor 32 and the accompanying heating of the refrigerant. These values can be used for control by the control unit 7.

  Further, whether the heat of the refrigerant can be exchanged with the outside air by the fins 30a using the temperature of the outside air detected by the temperature detecting means 20, or additional heating by the permanent magnet 31b or heating only by the permanent magnet 31b is necessary. Judgment can be made. After the air heat exchanger 15 is assembled, a simple experiment can be performed to obtain numerical values related to the temperature of the outside air and the accompanying refrigerant heating. These values can be used for control by the control unit 7. The temperature control means 20 is preferably installed in the vicinity of the air heat exchanger 15 installed in the outside air, more precisely in the vicinity of the fins 30a or the fan 16, or in close contact with them.

  The control unit 7 of the heat pump type hot water heater 1 includes a central processing unit that performs overall control, a main memory for storing data and a control program during operation, an auxiliary memory, a bus that connects these to realize data transmission, and the like. This is a microcomputer. Of course, if a similar function is realized, a general-purpose electronic computer, an analog circuit, or a digital circuit can be realized. The auxiliary memory is a memory device that stores data such as temperature data, a control program, and the like. Although not shown, the control unit 7 incorporates an electronic timepiece or timer, and the data can be used for the operation time of the heat pump type hot water heater 1 and the control time of each device.

  When the outside air temperature falls and the air heat exchanger 15 starts to generate frost, the permanent magnet 31b is operated to rotate and heat the refrigerant. For this reason, the air heat exchanger 15 is heated and frost is not generated, but it is not necessary to worry about this frost. Therefore, the heat pump type water heater 1 of the present embodiment does not need to be operated for defrosting as in the conventional heat pump type water heater. Further, unlike the prior art, the heating operation of the refrigerant of the heat pump type water heater is not stopped for the defrost operation.

  Accordingly, the heat pump type hot water heater 1 can be operated efficiently, and can be operated normally even at a temperature at which the outside air temperature is extremely lowered below zero. When the COP of the heat pump water heater 1 starts to decrease, not only the temperature at which frost starts to be generated in the air heat exchanger 15, the permanent magnet 31b is rotated and operated to heat the refrigerant, and the COP of the heat pump water heater 1 is heated. Can be improved.

  When configured as described above, the heat pump hot water heater 1 can operate at a high COP even when the outside air temperature decreases. Since air and refrigerant are heated using an eddy current heater, it leads to power reduction, and thus contributes to the reduction of global greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide gas. The air heat exchanger 15 of this example has a configuration in which the refrigerant pipe 30b is directly wound around a cylinder 30c that is a heater. The air heat exchanger 15 also includes fins 30a for heat exchange between air and refrigerant.

  A conventional air heat exchanger uses fins each having a vertical depth of several tens of centimeters and a length of meter order, and the refrigerant pipe passes through the fins several times. This is a structure for increasing the surface area in order to maximize heat exchange with air. Compared to this, the air heat exchanger 15 of the first embodiment is an apparatus having a size that is less than half of the conventional size and less than one-third, and can be downsized. The heat pump type water heater 1 of the first embodiment can be used for a nursing water heater, a general household bath, and a water heater.

  Furthermore, since the heat pump type water heater 1 of the first embodiment can control the temperature of the refrigerant only by changing the rotational speed of the permanent magnet 31b, it has excellent temperature followability. The rotation speed of the permanent magnet 31b is controlled by controlling the drive rotation speed of the motor 32. Since the heat pump type water heater 1 of the first embodiment can be made small as a whole, it is possible even if the installation place for installing the heat pump type hot water heater 1 is small, and the heat pump type water heater is installed at the installation place. Construction for installing 1 is also easy. Furthermore, it saves electric energy and contributes to energy saving.

  The heat pump type water heater 1 of the first embodiment can efficiently heat a fluid, and can realize a highly efficient and low cost system. Since the refrigerant of the heat pump type hot water heater 1 is heated by heat exchange with air, induction heating by a rotating permanent magnet, or both, the heat pump type hot water heater 1 can be operated efficiently. For this reason, the heat pump type water heater 1 of the present embodiment is preferably used in the fields of a water hot water supply system, a nursing hot water supply system, and the like used in homes and small businesses. As a result, it is possible to contribute to environmental conservation as well as effective use of energy, including reduction of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide gas.

  For example, the heat pump type water heater 1 of the first embodiment is a general household outlet that is designed to supply a maximum power of 2000 W even when the temperature drops, and a bath that requires energy of about 4000 W or more. Hot water can be supplied. The heat pump type water heater 1 according to the first embodiment can be reduced in size and weight as compared with a conventional apparatus. In particular, the air heat exchanger of the heat pump type hot water heater 1 has become smaller, and the heat pump type hot water heater 1 of the present embodiment does not require defrosting operation even when the outside air temperature is -20 ° C or lower. The stable operation of the heat pump type water heater 1 is now possible.

  When the outside air temperature is 10 ° C. or higher, it can be adjusted to operate at a maximum COP of 4 or higher. In the heat pump type water heater 1 of the first embodiment, when the outside air temperature decreases, the permanent magnet type heater operates, so that frost does not adhere to the air heat exchanger 15. Therefore, the defrost (defrosting) function and the defrosting operation which were conventionally required are no longer necessary. Further, since a permanent magnet type heater is used, a spare heater and a heating source that are conventionally required for the hot water supply cycle 2 are not necessary. And the COP of the heat pump type hot water heater 1 can be controlled by controlling the operation of the permanent magnet type heater. The conventional heat pump type water heater cannot control the COP.

  The control of the COP can be very easily performed in the heat pump type water heater 1. Basically, it is controlled by increasing or decreasing the rotation speed of the permanent magnet type, and as a result, the COP of the heat pump type water heater 1 can be controlled. When the heat pump type hot water heater 1 is operating only by air heat exchange and the outside air temperature decreases, the COP of the heat pump type hot water heater 1 naturally starts to decrease. At this time, if the permanent magnet heater is operated to heat the air or the refrigerant, the COP of the heat pump water heater 1 is also improved.

  As described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described first embodiment, and can be implemented with various modifications within the scope of the present invention. For example, in order to further increase the operating efficiency of the heat pump hot water heater 1, tap water may be directly supplied to the water heat exchanger 9 without using the hot water storage tank 4. In this case, the water does not take away the heat of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 4, and the efficiency of the apparatus is increased. In the present embodiment, water is supplied to the water heat exchanger 9 via the hot water storage tank 4.

  With this configuration, when the hot water temperature in the hot water storage tank 4 is higher than the target temperature, it is convenient to supply water to the hot water storage tank 4 to lower the temperature of the hot water and adjust it to an appropriate temperature. . Further, the hot water supply tank 4 described above has a single internal space, but has an upper and lower two-stage hot water supply tank 4 for storing high temperature hot water in the upper space and normal temperature water in the lower space. There may be. That is, an upper hot water storage tank that stores only hot water having a temperature higher than that of hot water that is normally used is provided, and hot water is first supplied from the water heat exchanger 9 to the upper hot water storage tank. Then, according to the amount of hot water to be used, a required amount of hot water and a required room temperature water are supplied from the lower hot water storage tank, mixed and supplied to the user as an appropriate temperature.

[Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a heat pump type water heater according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The heat pump type water heater according to the second embodiment has basically the same configuration as the heat pump type water heater 1 according to the first embodiment described above, and the description of the same components and the same functions will be omitted. The heat pump type water heater of the second embodiment employs an air heat exchanger 150 having a different structure instead of the air heat exchanger 15 of the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of an air heat exchanger 150 used in the heat pump type water heater of the second embodiment.

[Structure of air heat exchanger 150]
The air heat exchanger 150 includes a motor 32, a rotary shaft 33 connected to the output shaft, a magnetic pole face plate 131, a heated portion 130, and the like. The rotary shaft 33 transmits the rotational motion of the motor 32 to the magnetic pole face plate 131. The magnetic pole face plate 131 is roughly disk-shaped, and its center is fixed to the rotary shaft 33 and is driven to rotate. The magnetic pole face plate 131 includes a disc 131a and a plurality of permanent magnets 131b fixedly disposed on one side surface of the disc 131a. The disc 131 a is fixed to the rotating shaft 33 so as to be orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 33. Opposed to the magnetic pole face plate 131, a heated portion 130 having a disc shape is disposed.

  FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an arrangement example of the permanent magnets 131b on the disk 131a, and illustrates a state in which the disk 131a is viewed from the heated portion 130 side. The plurality of permanent magnets 131b are fixed so as to face the heated portion 130 of the disk 131a. As shown in the figure, the permanent magnets 131b have a rectangular parallelepiped shape with different lengths. These permanent magnets 131b are arranged on the side surface of the disk 131a so that the longitudinal axis thereof intersects with the axis of the rotary shaft 33.

  The magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 131b are arranged to face the heated part 130. As the permanent magnet 131b, a permanent magnet 131b made of any material can be used. For example, a neodymium magnet can be used. The heated portion 130 has a substantially disk shape, is a member for heating the refrigerant, and is disposed to face the magnetic pole face plate 131. Precisely, the magnetic pole face plate 131 and the heated part 130 are arranged to face each other in parallel and have a space. The heated portion 130 includes a disk 130c made of a conductive material and a refrigerant tube 130b. The refrigerant pipe 130b is disposed in contact with the disk 130c in order to improve thermal conductivity.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the refrigerant tube 130b is held and fixed to the housing 130d. The heated part 130 has fins 130a fixed in contact with the refrigerant pipe 130b. Alternatively, the refrigerant tube 130b may be configured to contact a heat exchange plate having a large number of fins 130a so that heat can be transferred. The heated portion 130 may be of any shape other than this example as long as the internal refrigerant is heated by heat exchange with the fins 130a or by eddy current generated by the rotating permanent magnet 131b. Can be adopted. The refrigerant pipe 130b is connected to the refrigerant path 3b and the refrigerant path 3c. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the refrigerant pipe 130b is sandwiched between the discs 130c and the fins 130a and has a structure in contact with both.

  The refrigerant pipe 130b is a fluid pipe having a predetermined diameter. For example, a pipe made of a copper alloy is used as the refrigerant pipe 130b. FIG. 7 illustrates an arrangement example of the refrigerant pipe 130b. The refrigerant pipe 130b is arranged in a spiral shape. As illustrated in FIG. 7, they are arranged in a spiral shape so that the center point is a point where the axis of the rotating shaft 33 intersects the heated portion 130. As shown in FIG. 5, the air heat exchanger 150 includes an interval adjusting unit 132 for adjusting the interval between the heated portion 130 and the magnetic pole face plate 131.

  The interval adjusting unit 132 includes a ball screw 132b for moving the heated portion 130 and a stepping motor 132a connected to the ball screw 132b via a joint. The stepping motor 132a is driven to rotate the ball screw 132b. When the ball screw 132b rotates, the nut 132c screwed into the ball screw 132b is driven in a linear direction. For this reason, the heated part 130 fixed to the nut 132c moves. In FIG. 5, the moving direction of the heated part 130 is indicated by an arrow. The interval adjusting unit 132 moves the heated part 130 to appropriately adjust the moving amount or position of the heated part 130 and controls the intensity of heating due to the eddy current.

  The control unit 7 shown in FIG. 4 is connected to the stepping motor 132, the motor 32, and the motor 16 shown in FIG. 5, and operates, stops, and increases / decreases the rotational speed of these drive devices. To control the operation. In particular, the control unit 7 operates the stepping motor 132a and controls the ball screw 132b to rotate forward or backward, and as a result, controls the distance between the heated portion 130 and the magnetic pole surface 31.

[Outline of operation of air heat exchanger 150]
The air heat exchanger 150 heats the refrigerant by the rotating permanent magnet 131b, similarly to the air heat exchanger 15 of the first embodiment described above. The air heat exchanger 150 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and air via the fins 130a. First, the heating of the refrigerant by the permanent magnet 131b will be described. When the permanent magnet 131 b of the magnetic pole face plate 131 is rotated by driving the motor 32, the magnetic flux crossing the heated part 130 changes, and an eddy current flows through the circular plate 130 c that is a conductive material of the heated part 130.

  The disk 130c is heated by the Joule heat generated by the eddy current. The heat of the disk 130c is transferred to the refrigerant pipe 130b that is in contact with or integrated with the disk 130c, thereby heating the refrigerant in the refrigerant pipe 130b. Thus, the refrigerant is heated by the rotating permanent magnet 131b. Next, heat exchange between the refrigerant and air will be described. The motor 16 operates and rotates the fan 17, whereby the surrounding air is blown to the fins 130 a. The fins 130a exchange heat with the air and are heated until the temperature of the air is reached.

  Since the fin 130a is in contact with the refrigerant tube 130b, the fin 130a always exchanges heat with the refrigerant therein. This heat exchange heats the refrigerant. When the outside air temperature is high, the air heat exchanger 150 heats the refrigerant only by heat exchange with the outside air. When the outside air temperature decreases and the COP of the heat pump water heater employing the air heat exchanger 150 decreases, the refrigerant is heated by the rotating permanent magnet 131b. Thereby, heat exchange between the outside air and the refrigerant is complemented, and the refrigerant is heated to a sufficient temperature. When the outside air temperature falls below 7 ° C. or below zero, the refrigerant cannot receive sufficient heat energy from the outside air.

  At this time, heat is exchanged between the outside air and the refrigerant by heating the permanent magnet 131b while the fan 17 is stopped, or by heating the permanent magnet 131b while the fan 17 is rotated. Will be encouraged. When the refrigerant is heated by the permanent magnet 131b, the strength of the heating is controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the permanent magnet 131b and / or the distance between the permanent magnet 131b and the disc 130c. These controls are performed by the control unit 7 shown in FIG. Control lines such as a motor 32 and a fan 16 are connected to the control unit 7, and these controls are performed.

  Further, the control line of the stepping motor 132a of the interval adjusting means 132 shown in FIG. 5 is connected to the control unit 7, and the interval between the disc 131a and the disc 130c is controlled by controlling the rotation of the stepping motor 132a. The size of is controlled. At this time, the temperature detection means 20 illustrated in FIG. 5 is used to detect the outside air temperature. The temperature detection means 20 is installed in the vicinity of the fin 130a or the fan 17, or is fixed to the fin 130a. In the present embodiment, the disc 130c and the refrigerant pipe 130b of the heated part 130 are configured by separate members.

  The heated portion 130 includes only the refrigerant pipe 130b made of a conductive material, and the refrigerant pipe 130b is heated by the rotating permanent magnet 131b. Therefore, the refrigerant flowing therein can be heated. Or the to-be-heated part 130 can also be made into the structure which consists of the disk 130c which has the predetermined thickness as a refrigerant path, and has arbitrary cavities so that a refrigerant | coolant may flow through it. With such a structure, the refrigerant pipe 130b is not necessary, and the disk 130c is directly connected to the refrigerant path 3b and the refrigerant path 3c. And the disc 130c which has a cavity is heated by a permanent magnet, Therefore, the refrigerant | coolant which flows through it is heated.

[Third Embodiment]
The third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing a hot water supply system according to a third embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the present hot water supply system). The hot water supply system is a system that provides hot water by heating water such as tap water. This hot water is used, for example, as domestic household water.

[Configuration of Hot Water Supply System of Third Embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 8, this hot water supply system includes an outdoor unit 202, a hot water storage tank 203, a solar water heater 206, and the like. The outdoor unit 202 and the hot water storage tank 203 correspond to the heat pump hot water heater 1 of the first embodiment or the heat pump hot water heater of the second embodiment. Specifically, the outdoor unit 202 and the hot water storage tank 203 operate as a heat pump hot water heater 201 in cooperation.

  This hot water supply system can also be referred to as a hybrid hot water supply system in which a heat pump hot water heater 201 and a solar water heater 206 are combined. That is, of the devices constituting the heat pump type hot water heater 1 of the first embodiment, all devices except the hot water storage tank 4 are accommodated in the outdoor unit 202 in the hot water supply system. The same applies to the heat pump type water heater 201 of the second embodiment. The solar water heater 206 is a device that heats water such as tap water using solar energy to provide hot water.

  Hot water discharged from the solar water heater 206 is supplied to the hot water storage tank 203. The hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank 203 is used as, for example, hot water for ordinary household life. FIG. 8 shows a bathtub 204 installed in a home building 200 and a bath therein as an example of the use of hot water. Hot water from the hot water storage tank 203 is supplied by piping connected to the hot water storage tank 203 and the bathtub 204. Further, although not shown, the hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank 203 can be used in a bathroom, kitchen, or the like.

  FIG. 8 shows a faucet 205 connected to a public water supply. Tap water is supplied from the faucet 205. The tap water discharged from the faucet 205 is supplied to the solar water heater 206 and the hot water storage tank 203. The solar water heater 206 basically operates in fine weather to heat the water to warm water. As the solar water heater 206, a known arbitrary method such as a method of directly heating or heating water with the heat of sunlight, a method of converting solar energy into electric energy, and heating water with the electric energy, etc. The system and the principle of operation can be used.

  The temperature of the hot water in the storage tank of the solar water heater 206 differs depending on the intensity of sunlight of solar energy, the heating time, and the like. In the present embodiment, warm water is defined as a temperature higher than the temperature used at home. From the hot water storage tank 203, hot water at a user's desired temperature is supplied to the user side. Hot water discharged from the solar water heater 206 is supplied to the hot water storage tank 203 from above. Low temperature water is discharged from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 203 and supplied to the outdoor unit 202. However, when sunlight such as a midsummer day is strong, it is not necessary to heat this hot water, and in some cases, it is necessary to mix with low-temperature tap water to lower the temperature of the hot water.

  The hot water discharged from the outdoor unit 202 is basically supplied to the hot water storage tank 203. The hot water discharged from the outdoor unit 202 has a higher temperature than the hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank 203. In this case, the hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank 203 is mixed with water or the like in the hot water storage tank 203 to reach an appropriate temperature desired by the user. However, the hot water discharged from the outdoor unit 202 may be supplied directly to the bathtub 204 using the pipe 213. In this way, when the temperature of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 203 has not reached the required temperature, the hot water is put into the bathtub 204 from the outdoor unit 202, which is convenient.

  When hot water having a temperature higher than normal hot water is required for the bathtub 204, the motor 32 can be driven to quickly heat the outdoor unit 202 and use it temporarily. In FIG. 8, hoses and pipes through which water, hot water, and the like flow are indicated by arrows 207 to 213. The description of the fine structure, the flow of water or warm water is omitted. FIG. 9 illustrates a configuration of a control unit 214 for controlling the hot water supply system. This control unit 214 has substantially the same configuration as the control unit 7 of FIG. 4, but differs in that the following device is added. This hot water supply system includes temperature detection means 215 for detecting the temperature of water in the faucet 205 and temperature detection means 216 for detecting the temperature of water in the solar water heater 206.

  The control unit 214 is connected to the temperature detection means 215 and the temperature detection means 216 and receives the detection signal. Although this hot water supply system is not shown in FIG. 8, a pump 217 for supplying water from the faucet 205 to the hot water storage tank 203 and a pump 218 for supplying hot water from the solar water heater 206 to the hot water storage tank 203 are provided. I have. The control unit 214 is connected to the pump 217 and the pump 218 and controls their operation. When water can be supplied from the faucet 205 to the hot water storage tank 203 at that pressure, it is not necessary to provide the pump 217. Instead, an automatic on-off valve that opens and closes under the control of the control unit 214 can be used. .

  When the hot water from the solar water heater 206 can be supplied to the hot water storage tank 203 at a pressure depending on the height difference, it is not necessary to provide the pump 218, and instead, an electromagnetic valve that opens and closes under the control of the control unit 214. Use an automatic on-off valve. Hereinafter, the pump 217 and the pump 218 will be described as an example. Any known pump 217 and pump 218 can be used. The temperature detection means 215 and the temperature detection means 216 can use any known principle as long as the temperature of the water in the faucet 205 and the solar water heater 206 can be detected.

Furthermore, the temperature detection means 215 can be installed at any location where the purpose can be achieved, such as fixing to the water tap 205 or fixing to a pipe connected to the water tap 205. The same applies to the temperature detection means 216.
[Outline of operation of hot water supply system according to third embodiment]
In the hot water supply system, the outdoor unit 202 heats water from the hot water storage tank 203. Electric power required for the outdoor unit 202 is supplied from an arbitrary power line such as a commercial power line, wind power generation, solar power generation, or a battery.

  Among them, it is preferable to supply late-night power at which the electricity rate is reduced to the outdoor unit 202 to warm the hot water or water in the hot water storage tank 203 to a target temperature. In this way, the use of midnight power reduces the electricity usage fee. In the daytime, the solar water heater 206 heats the water from the faucet 205 to the target temperature. Once installed, the solar water heater 206 is basically free of additional costs, so it is the cheapest and, in extreme terms, can be used free of charge. Therefore, the solar water heater 206 should be preferentially used as long as the water can be heated by the energy of sunlight.

  When water is heated by the solar water heater 206, the heating speed is slower than that of the outdoor unit 202. For this reason, in the case of an emergency or when it is desired to heat water quickly, the outdoor unit 202 is mainly used. Even if the hot water discharged from the solar water heater 206 is supplied to the hot water storage tank 203, if the temperature of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 203 does not reach the target temperature, the hot water is supplied from the outdoor unit 202 to complement the hot water. .

  The control unit 214 that controls the entire hot water supply system includes a temperature in the hot water storage tank 203, a temperature of hot water in the solar water heater 206, a temperature of hot water supplied to the bathtub 204, and water in the faucet 205. The temperature and the like are constantly monitored using each temperature detection means. When the level of hot water in the hot water storage tank 203 is lowered, it is necessary to take in the reduced amount of water or hot water.

  In this case, basically, the hot water heated by the solar water heater 206 is taken into the hot water storage tank 203 with the highest priority. At this time, the pump 218 is operated. And even if it takes in the warm water heated with the solar water heater 206, when it does not reach a required level, it takes in water directly from the faucet 205. When taking in water from the faucet 205, the pump 217 is operated. In some cases, the water temperature of the solar water heater 206 may be lower than the water temperature of the faucet 205. At this time, the water from the faucet 205 is taken into the hot water storage tank 206 with the highest priority.

  When water is supplied to the hot water storage tank 203, the water temperature of the solar water heater 206 and the water temperature of the faucet 205 are compared, and water with a high water temperature is preferentially taken in. When both water temperatures are the same or substantially the same, the water in the faucet 205 is given priority and supplied to the hot water storage tank 203. As described above, the hot water supply system of the present invention uses the late-night electricity rate and the energy of sunlight to heat water and supply hot water to the home, thereby minimizing operating costs.

  Since the outdoor unit 202 uses the heat pump type hot water heater 1 described above or the heat pump type hot water heater of the second embodiment, this hot water supply system operates at a high COP. Conventionally, in order to warm the hot water necessary for living water such as baths, there was not enough electric energy supplied by a general power outlet. This problem could be solved by using the hot water supply system of the present invention. Since the solar energy is also hybridized, further cost reduction can be achieved.

The heat exchanger for heat pump and the heat pump hot water supply system of the present invention can efficiently heat a fluid such as water, and can realize a high-efficiency and low-cost system. For this reason, this invention is good to utilize in field | areas, such as a hot water supply system of a water used for a household, a small business place, etc., a nursing hot water supply system. This can contribute to environmental conservation as well as effective use of energy, including reduction of greenhouse gases such as CO ₂ .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,101 ... Heat pump type hot water heater 2 ... Hot water supply cycle 3 ... Refrigerant cycle 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d refrigerant path 4, 203 ... Hot water storage tank 7, 214 ... Control unit 9 ... Water heat exchanger 10 ... Heat exchanger 12 ... Water circulation pump 13 ... Compressor 14 ... Expansion valve 15, 150 ... Air heat exchanger 16 ... Fan 18, 19, 20, 21, 215, 216 ... Temperature detection means 32 ... Rotation drive means 33 ... Rotary shaft 30 ... Stator 30b , 130b ... refrigerant pipes 30a, 130a ... fins 30c ... cylinder 31 ... rotor 31b, 131b ... permanent magnet 130 ... heated portion 130c ... disc 130d ... casing 131 ... magnetic pole face plate 131a ... disc 132 ... interval adjusting means 202 ... Outdoor unit 204 ... tub 205 ... water tap 206 ... solar water heater 217,218 ... pump

Claims (13)

It is a heat exchanger used for heat pump type heat equipment, an evaporator that takes a heat from the surrounding fluid and evaporates the low-pressure refrigerant to cool it,
Rotation drive means;
A permanent magnet rotated by the rotation driving means;
A conductor installed near the permanent magnet and heated by Joule heat generated by eddy current generated by rotation of the permanent magnet to heat the fluid and / or the refrigerant at a reduced pressure and low temperature. Heat pump heat exchanger. In the heat exchanger for heat pumps of Claim 1,
The heat exchanger for heat pump is
A rotor composed of a plurality of the permanent magnets arranged on a rotation shaft rotated by the rotation driving means;
A heat exchanger for a heat pump comprising: a stator having a cavity for inserting and rotating the rotor, and the stator made of the conductor disposed on an outer periphery of the permanent magnet. The heat exchanger for a heat pump according to claim 2,
The heat pump is a heat exchanger for a heat pump, wherein the stator is installed so as to be able to transfer heat to the conductor and includes a refrigerant path through which the refrigerant flows. The heat exchanger for a heat pump according to claim 2,
The heat exchanger for a heat pump, wherein the conductor is a refrigerant path having a cavity through which the refrigerant flows. The heat exchanger for a heat pump according to claim 3 or 4,
The heat exchanger for a heat pump, wherein the refrigerant path is a refrigerant pipe arranged in a spiral shape so as to wrap around the outer periphery of the rotor. The heat exchanger for a heat pump according to claim 3 or 4,
The heat path for a heat pump, wherein the refrigerant path includes fins for exchanging heat with the fluid or a heat exchange plate having the fins. In the heat exchanger for heat pumps of Claim 1,
The heat exchanger for heat pump is
A rotating shaft that is rotated by the rotation driving means;
A magnetic pole face plate fixed to the rotary shaft in a plane perpendicular to the rotary shaft, and a plurality of the permanent magnets fixed thereto;
A heat exchanger for a heat pump, comprising: a heated portion made of the conductor provided to face the magnetic pole face plate. In the heat exchanger for heat pumps according to claim 7,
The heat-pumped heat exchanger is characterized in that the heated portion is installed so as to be able to transfer heat to the conductor and includes a refrigerant path through which the refrigerant flows. In the heat exchanger for heat pumps according to claim 7,
The heat conductor for a heat pump, wherein the conductor is a refrigerant path having a cavity through which the refrigerant flows. In the heat exchanger for heat pumps according to claim 7,
The heat exchanger for a heat pump, wherein the permanent magnet has an elongated shape and is arranged so that an axis in a longitudinal direction thereof is orthogonal to a rotation axis of the rotation shaft. In the heat exchanger for heat pumps according to claim 7,
A heat exchanger for a heat pump, comprising a distance control means for changing a distance between the heated portion and the magnetic pole face plate and controlling strength of heating of the conductor. The heat exchanger for a heat pump according to claim 7 or 8,
The heat path for a heat pump, wherein the refrigerant path is a refrigerant pipe arranged in parallel to face the magnetic pole face plate, and arranged in a spiral around the axis of the rotating shaft. A heat pump type hot water supply system using the heat exchanger for a heat pump according to claim 1 selected from among claims 1 to 12,
The thermal equipment is
A hot water storage tank for storing hot water,
The water flowing out from the hot water storage tank is heated by exchanging heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to make the hot water, and the hot water is discharged into the hot water storage tank, and a hot water supply circuit connected to the hot water storage tank;
A water heat exchanger connected to the hot water supply circulation path for performing the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the water; and
A compressor for compressing the high-temperature refrigerant into the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, heat-exchanging the water with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and heating it to the hot water, and converting the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant into a low-temperature refrigerant A water heat exchanger for making the refrigerant, an expansion valve for depressurizing and lowering the low temperature refrigerant to make the low pressure low temperature refrigerant, and the decompressed low temperature refrigerant as the high temperature refrigerant A heat pump hot water supply system comprising: a refrigerant circulation path including the heat exchanger for heat pump.

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