JP2012071371A - Lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

A lathe capable of easily attaching and detaching a chuck work to and from a chuck provided on a main shaft from a position in a Z-axis direction facing the chuck.
A plurality of tools including a spindle 9 provided with a chuck 7 capable of gripping a workpiece rotatably, and a plurality of processing tools 37 around the workpiece gripped by the chuck 7 A lathe provided with turrets 11L and 11R so as to be rotatable, and the tool turrets 11L and 11R are provided on respective tool rests 13 provided on both sides in the X-axis direction of the spindle stock 5 which rotatably supports the spindle 9. The Z axis direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft 9, the Y axis direction which is the up and down direction, and the Z axis direction and the X axis direction perpendicular to the Y axis direction are movably provided and opposed to the main shaft 9. The tailstock 39 provided to the lathe is detachably attached to the lathe, and the support base 63 that supports the work support member 61 that can support the work on the tailstock 39 is provided so as to be movable up and down obliquely in the vertical direction. ing.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention includes a spindle having a chuck capable of gripping a workpiece, and a plurality of tool turrets having a plurality of machining tools for cutting the workpiece gripped by the chuck. More particularly, the present invention relates to a lathe capable of easily supplying a chuck work such as a semi-finished product to the chuck from a position opposed to the main shaft.

  Conventionally, a lathe has a plurality of processing tools for cutting a work held by a chuck provided on a rotatable main spindle. As a form of the tool post that supports the plurality of processing tools, there is a configuration in which a comb tooth tool post facing the main shaft is provided so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. In this configuration, there is a problem that it is difficult to provide a tailstock because the comb-shaped tool post is configured to face the main shaft.

  As a form of the tool post that supports a plurality of processing tools, there is a configuration in which a plurality of tool turrets including a plurality of processing tools are rotatably provided (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP 2003-48102 A JP-A-4-29482

  In a lathe equipped with a plurality of tool turrets, a position opposed to the main shaft is a configuration in which a plurality of tool turrets are arranged at positions away from the axis of the main shaft in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the axis. A tailstock and a sub-spindle can be arranged. However, in the conventional configuration, a sub spindle stock is provided at a position opposite to the main spindle, and turret tools are provided on both sides in the X-axis direction between the main spindle and the sub spindle stock. Therefore, when an operator tries to supply a chuck work such as a semi-finished product to the chuck provided on the spindle, the tool turret becomes an obstacle when the operator is located on the side in the X-axis direction. When the operator is positioned in the Z-axis direction opposite to the headstock, the tailstock and the sub spindle stock may get in the way.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and includes a plurality of machining tools that are provided with a main shaft that is rotatably provided with a chuck that can grip a workpiece, and that performs cutting of the workpiece held by the chuck. A lathe rotatably provided with a plurality of tool turrets provided around the tool turret on each tool post provided on both sides in the X-axis direction of the headstock rotatably supporting the spindle. It is provided movably in a Z-axis direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft, a Y-axis direction which is an up-down direction, and an X-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. is there.

  In the lathe, a support base that supports a work support member capable of supporting a work in a tailstock provided facing the main shaft is provided so as to be movable up and down in an obliquely vertical direction. It is.

  Further, in the lathe, at least one tool turret of the tool turret is provided with a work clamp capable of receiving the work held by the chuck.

  Further, in the lathe, the work clamp is rotatable about an axis in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the tool turret.

  In the lathe, at least one tool turret of the tool turret is provided with a sub-chuck unit that is rotatably provided with a sub-chuck that can grip the other end of the work that is gripped at one end by the chuck. It is characterized by being.

  According to the present invention, an operator is positioned in the Z-axis direction opposite to the main shaft, and the chuck work can be easily supplied to the chuck provided on the main shaft. Therefore, the chuck work can be easily attached to and detached from the chuck.

1 is an explanatory perspective view showing an overall configuration of a lathe according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective explanatory view showing a positional configuration of a spindle, a tool turret, and a tailstock with a cover on a lathe removed and one tool turret removed. FIG. 3 is an explanatory plan view of FIG. 2 viewed from above. It is sectional explanatory drawing along the AA in FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 3. It is an isometric view explanatory drawing of the lathe of the state which removed the tailstock. It is an isometric view explanatory drawing of the lathe of the state which removed the tailstock. It is a perspective explanatory view of a tailstock. It is center longitudinal cross-section explanatory drawing of a tailstock. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional explanatory view taken along the line CC in FIG. 9.

  Referring to FIG. 1, a lathe 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a box-shaped bed 3, and an X-axis on one end side in the Z-axis direction (the rear side in the Z-axis direction) on the bed 3. A headstock 5 (see FIG. 2) is integrally provided at the center in the direction (left-right direction). The spindle stock 5 is provided with a spindle 9 having a chuck 7 such as a scroll chuck capable of gripping a workpiece (not shown) at the front end in the Z-axis direction. The spindle 9 is rotated forward and backward by a servo motor M mounted on the spindle base 5.

  In this specification, a direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft 9 is referred to as a Z-axis direction (front-rear direction), and a direction corresponding to the side of the main shaft 9 provided with the chuck 7 is referred to as a front side in the Z-axis direction. The opposite side is referred to as the rear side in the Z-axis direction. A horizontal direction orthogonal to the Z axis is referred to as an X axis direction (left and right direction), and a direction orthogonal to the Z axis and the X axis is referred to as a Y axis direction (up and down direction). .

  Left and right tool turrets 11L and 11R are provided on both sides in the X-axis direction (left-right direction) of the headstock 5 so as to be rotatable and movable in the X-, Y-, and Z-axis directions. Since the left and right tool turrets 11L and 11R are supported in the X-, Y-, and Z-axis directions so as to be movable and rotatable in the same or symmetrical manner, only the support structure of one tool turret 11R will be described. Description of the support structure of the tool turret 11L will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a guide base 13 including a guide portion 13 </ b> G in the Z-axis direction is integrally provided in the bed 3 on both sides in the X-axis direction of the headstock 5. The guide base 13 constitutes a tool post that supports the tool turrets 11L and 11R so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the X-axis direction. A Z-axis slider 15 (see FIG. 4) is guided and supported by the guide portion 13G of the guide base 13 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. That is, a ball screw 17 in the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction) rotated forward and backward by a servo motor MZ mounted on the guide base 13 is rotatably provided on the guide base 13, and the ball screw 17 is provided in the Z-axis direction. A ball nut 19 screwed in a movable manner is integrally connected to the Z-axis slider 15. Accordingly, the Z-axis slider 15 reciprocates in the Z-axis direction by rotating the ball screw 17 forward and backward by the servo motor MZ.

  An X-axis direction guide portion 15G is provided on the Z-axis slider 15, and an X-axis slider 21 is guided and supported by the guide portion 15G so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. That is, on the Z-axis slider 15, a ball screw 23 in the X-axis direction (left and right direction) rotated forward and backward by a servo motor MX (see FIG. 5) mounted on the Z-axis slider 15 rotates to the Z-axis slider 15. It is provided freely. A ball nut 25 screwed to the ball screw 23 so as to be movable in the left-right direction is integrally connected to the X-axis slider 21. Therefore, when the ball screw 23 is rotated forward and backward by the servo motor MX, the X-axis slider 21 is guided by the guide portion 15G and reciprocates in the X-axis direction.

  The X-axis slider 21 is provided with a guide portion 21G in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction), and a Y-axis slider 29 is guided and supported by the guide portion 21G so as to be movable up and down. That is, on the X-axis slider 21, a ball screw 31 in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) that is rotated forward and backward by a servo motor MY mounted on the X-axis slider 21 is rotatably supported. A ball nut 33 screwed to the ball screw 31 so as to be movable up and down is integrally connected to the Y-axis slider 29. Therefore, the Y-axis slider 29 can be moved up and down by rotating the ball screw 31 forward and backward by the servo motor MY.

  The Y-axis slider 29 is rotatably provided with a turret shaft 35 (see FIG. 4) in the Z-axis direction parallel to the main shaft 9, and the tool turret is disposed at the front end of the turret shaft 35 in the Z-axis direction. 11R is attached integrally. A servo motor SM (see FIG. 2) for forward / reverse rotation and rotation indexing of the tool turret 11R is mounted on the Y-axis slider 29. Therefore, the tool turret 11R can be rotated forward and backward by the servo motor SM, and an appropriate processing tool mounted on the tool turret 11R can be indexed and positioned at a position corresponding to the chuck 7. .

  As shown in FIG. 1, various processing tools 37 are detachably and interchangeably provided on the outer peripheral surfaces of the left and right tool turrets 11L and 11R. As the various processing tools 37, there are a cutting tool 37A provided with cutting tools such as various shapes of cutting tools and a rotary cutting tool 37B provided with various rotary cutting tools such as a drill and a milling machine. Each of the tools 37 is unitized. Further, the processing tool 37 attached to and detached from the tool turrets 11L and 11R includes a sub chuck 37C, various work clamps 37D and 37E (see FIGS. 6 and 7), and the like.

  When the sub chuck 37 </ b> C faces the chuck 7 of the main shaft 9, the sub chuck 37 </ b> C is capable of gripping the other end of the work that is gripped at one end by the chuck 7, and grips the work in the same manner as the chuck 7. It is free to rotate. Therefore, by using the sub-chuck 37C, the end surface on the one end side of the workpiece that has been processed by holding the one end side by the chuck 7 can be processed.

  The work clamp 37D includes a pair of clamp jaws JO facing each other so as to approach and separate from each other by an internal actuator such as a fluid pressure cylinder. As shown in FIG. 6, the pair of clamp jaws JO of the work clamp 37 </ b> D are open to each other so as to be directed outward in the radial direction (radially outward direction) of the tool turrets 11 </ b> L and 11 </ b> R.

  Therefore, the workpiece clamp 37D can grip the rod-shaped workpiece held by the chuck 7 from the X-axis direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the workpiece. Therefore, when the workpiece is held by the workpiece clamp 37D, the workpiece can be machined by the machining tool 37 provided in the other tool turret 11R. That is, one end side of the workpiece held by the chuck 7 can be processed, and the workpiece held by the chuck 7 can be released efficiently. .

  In the above-described configuration, it is desirable that the work clamp 37D is provided so as to be rotatable around a radial (radial) axis. As described above, the work clamp 37D is configured to be rotatable about the radial axis, so that the work clamp 37D is rotated in a state where the work is held by the clamp jaw JO. Can be reversed. Therefore, the work that has been gripped at one end by the chuck 7 can be reversed and the other end of the work can be gripped by the chuck 7 to be processed, so that the work can be processed efficiently.

  The work clamp 37E is a mode in which the work clamp 37D is rotated by 90 ° and attached to the tool turret 11L, and a pair of clamp jaws provided on the work clamp 37E are Z parallel to the axis of the tool turret 11L. It is oriented in the axial direction. In addition, the said clamp jaw can also be attached in the state which orient | assigned the front side or back side of a Z-axis.

  As described above, when the sub chuck 37C and the work clamps 37D and 37E are attached to the tool turrets 11L and 11R, the work gripped and processed by the chuck 7 is gripped by the sub chuck 37 and the work clamps 37D and 37E. Since it can be processed immediately, it can be processed efficiently.

  A configuration in which the working tool 37 provided in the left and right tool turrets 11L and 11R is indexed and positioned at a position corresponding to the chuck 7 and a cutting tool such as a drill is rotated is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-225801. Since it is publicly known as described in Japanese Patent Publication No., etc., a detailed description of the configuration for rotating a cutting tool or the like is omitted.

  On the bed 3 in the lathe 1 and on the front side in the Z-axis direction of the headstock 5 is a tailstock 39 for supporting the other end side of the work gripped at one end side by the chuck 7. Is provided. The tailstock 39 can be attached to and detached from a tailstock mounting portion 41 (see FIG. 2) formed on the bed 3, and the overall configuration is unitized.

  That is, the tailstock 39 includes a box-shaped tailstock bed 43 that can be attached to and detached from the tailstock mounting portion 41 via an appropriate attachment such as a bolt. On 43, a movable table 45 is provided so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. That is, a guide member 47 (see FIGS. 9 and 10) in the Z-axis direction is integrally provided on the tailstock bed 43, and the movable table 45 is movably guided and supported by the guide member 47. ing.

  In order to move the movable table 45 in the Z-axis direction, a servo motor 49 is mounted in the tailstock bed 43, and the power transmission mechanism 55 including a pulley 51, a timing belt 53, and the like is used. A ball screw 57 rotated by the servo motor 49 is long in the Z-axis direction and rotatably provided. A ball nut 59 screwed to the ball screw 57 is connected to the movable base 45. Therefore, the movable table 45 is reciprocated in the Z-axis direction via the ball nut 59 by driving the servo motor 49 to rotate the ball screw 57 forward and backward. Note that one end of a cover 60 such as a serpentine covering the upper opening of the tailstock bed 43 and the guide member 47 and the ball screw 57 is integrally attached to the movable table 45.

  The movable table 45 is provided with a workpiece support member 61 such as a center capable of supporting the other end of the workpiece held at one end by the chuck 7, and an appropriate cutting such as a workpiece support member or a drill having an appropriate configuration. A support base 63 provided so as to be detachable and replaceable with a tool or the like is provided. The support base 63 is provided so as to be movable between a facing position facing the chuck 7 provided on the main shaft 9 and a non-facing position avoiding the facing.

  The facing position is a position where the work support member 61 faces the chuck 7 and supports the other end of the work. That is, when the workpiece support member 61 is located at the facing position, the axis of the main shaft 9 and the chuck 7 and the axis of the workpiece support member 61 are in agreement. The non-opposing position is a position where the work support member 61 has moved to a position where the axes of the main shaft 9 and the chuck 7 and the work support member 61 do not coincide with each other.

  In order to reciprocate the work support base 63 and the work support member 61 to the opposing position and the non-opposing position, the movable base 45 is provided with a reciprocating operation device 65 such as a fluid pressure cylinder. The support base 63 is integrally attached to a reciprocating element 67 such as a piston rod that reciprocates in the reciprocating device 65 via a fixture such as a bolt. The reciprocating device 65 is provided such that the reciprocating element 67 moves up and down in an oblique direction.

  More specifically, the reciprocating device 65 is disposed obliquely so that the workpiece support 63 and the workpiece support member 61 move up and down in an oblique direction within a vertical plane including the main shaft 9 and the axis of the chuck 7. It is. That is, the workpiece support member 61 is positioned in the facing position by moving in the direction in which the workpiece support member 61 approaches the chuck 7 (the direction behind the Z axis) and obliquely upward. be able to. Then, the work support member 61 can be positioned at the non-opposing position by lowering the work support member 61 obliquely from the raised position to the front side of the Z-axis (direction away from the chuck 7). Is.

  With the above configuration, the other end side (tip end side) of the work gripped on one end side by the chuck 7 can be supported by the work support member 61 provided on the tailstock 39. When the machining tool 37 provided in the tool turrets 11L and 11R and the tool turrets 11L and 11R interferes with the workpiece support member 61 and the support base 63, the workpiece support member 61 is lowered and retracted to the non-opposing position. By doing so, interference can be easily avoided.

  As already understood, since the workpiece support member 61 is retracted to the non-opposing position by being obliquely lowered to the front side in the Z-axis direction, the workpiece support member 61 extends from the chuck 7 to the mounting position of the tailstock 39. Even when the dimension in the Z-axis direction is relatively short, the chuck 7 can be largely separated from the work held at one end. Therefore, the projecting dimension of the entire configuration from the chuck 7 to the front side in the Z-axis direction, that is, the projecting dimension from the chuck 7 to the front in the Z-axis direction can be reduced.

  Therefore, when an operator is positioned on the front side of the bed 3 in the Z-axis direction and the chuck work is supplied to or removed from the chuck 7, the above supply and the like can be easily performed. At this time, since the work support member 61 in the tailstock 39 is configured to move up and down in an oblique direction, the work support member 61 is not disturbed by being lowered.

  As will be understood from the above description of the embodiment, the left and right tool turrets 11L and 11R are moved in the X, Y, and Z axis directions on both sides in the X axis direction of the headstock 5 having the spindle 9 rotatably provided. Since the structure is freely provided, the projecting dimension of the bed 3 from the headstock 5 to the front side in the Z-axis direction can be suppressed to be small. Therefore, the chuck work such as a semi-finished product can be easily attached to and detached from the chuck 7 provided on the main shaft 9 from the front side of the bed 3 in the Z-axis direction. Even when the chuck work is attached to and detached from the chuck 7 by means of a work supply means such as a robot, for example, installation on the front side in the Z-axis direction is facilitated.

  Further, in the above configuration, the sub chuck 37C and the work clamps 37D, 37E as an example of the processing tool 37 are provided on one or both of the left and right tool turrets 11L, 11R as appropriate. The workpiece can be gripped by the workpiece clamps 37D and 37E, and the workpiece can be processed by the processing tool provided in the other tool turret. Therefore, after the workpiece is processed by being gripped by the chuck 7 provided on the spindle 9, the portion held by the chuck 7 can be processed. Further, as described above, the workpiece can be gripped again by the chuck 7 after the Z-axis direction of the workpiece is reversed. Therefore, the entire peripheral surface of the workpiece can be efficiently processed.

  Furthermore, according to the said structure, as shown in FIG.6, 7, it can also be used in the state which removed the tailstock 39, and simplification of a structure can be achieved.

  In addition, by providing the workpiece clamp, a workpiece clamp that can be rotated around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the tool turret, and the sub-chuck unit, the entire peripheral surface of the workpiece can be processed efficiently. It can be done.

  The work clamp that can rotate around the axis in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the tool turret can process the other end of the work that is gripped at one end by the chuck by reversing the work. Is something that can be done.

  The work clamp that can rotate around the axis in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the tool turret realizes oblique machining by stopping the work at an arbitrary angle and machining with the opposite tool turret. It is.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lathe 3 Bed 5 Spindle table 7 Chuck 9 Spindle 11L, 11R Tool turret 13 Guide base (tool post)
15 Z-axis slider 21 X-axis slider 29 Y-axis slider 35 Turret shaft 37 Processing tool 39 Tailstock 41 Tailstock mounting part 43 Tailstock bed 45 Movable table 61 Work support member 63 Support table 65 Reciprocating device (flow integration) Pressure cylinder)
67 Reciprocating actuator (piston rod)

Claims (5)

  A lathe equipped with a plurality of tool turrets rotatably provided with a plurality of machining tools for cutting a workpiece gripped by the chuck, with a spindle provided with a chuck capable of gripping a workpiece. The tool turret is arranged in the Z-axis direction parallel to the axis of the spindle and in the vertical direction on each tool post provided on both sides in the X-axis direction of the spindle stock that rotatably supports the spindle. A lathe comprising a Y axis direction, a Z axis direction, and an X axis direction perpendicular to the Y axis direction.   The lathe according to claim 1, further comprising a tailstock provided opposite to the main shaft so as to be detachable from the lathe and supporting a work support member capable of supporting a workpiece on the tailstock. A lathe characterized in that it can be moved up and down diagonally.   The lathe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one tool turret of the tool turret is provided with a work clamp capable of receiving the work gripped by the chuck.   4. The lathe according to claim 3, wherein the work clamp is rotatable about an axis in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the tool turret.   5. The lathe according to claim 1, wherein at least one tool turret of the tool turret is rotatable with a sub-chuck capable of gripping the other end side of the work that is gripped at one end side by the chuck. A lathe comprising a sub-chuck unit provided.

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