JP2011520588A - 電気透析装置及び電気透析プロセス - Google Patents
電気透析装置及び電気透析プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008713 feedback mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 206010021036 Hyponatraemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/52—Accessories; Auxiliary operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/48—Mechanisms for switching between regular separation operations and washing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/22—Electrical effects
- B01D2321/223—Polarity reversal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/22—Electrical effects
- B01D2321/226—Interruption of electric currents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/4615—Time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4616—Power supply
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】 図4
Description
NaCl溶液を、供給濃度1000PPM、拡散係数D=2×10−9m2/s、及び電流密度25A/m2で供給する。電位が正であるときの時間に対する濃度低下を、図5に示す。このシミュレーション結果から、膜壁面における濃度が、約1マイクロ秒(ms)後に、400ppmに低下することがわかる。
12 第1の電極
14 第2の電極
16 カチオン交換膜
18 アニオン交換膜
22 供給流
24 希釈室
26 濃縮室
Claims (19)
- 第1の電極、及び前記第1の電極から離間してある体積を画定する第2の電極と、
電源から前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極への電流の供給を制御するように動作することができる制御装置とを備え、電流の供給を制御して、第1の動作モードから第2の動作モードに切り換えて、各サイクル中に逆極性を有する電流を提供し、前記電流を、制御したサイクル速度で、制御した持続時間だけ供給し、前記サイクル速度が、約100Hz超、約10kHz未満である、装置。 - 前記体積内に配置されたアニオン交換膜及びカチオン交換膜をさらに備える、請求項1記載の装置。
- 各サイクルの持続時間が、約1秒未満である、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記第2の動作モードの持続時間に対する前記第1の動作モードの持続時間の比が、約0.01〜約0.2の範囲内である、請求項1記載の装置。
- 時間的に前記第1の動作モードと前記第2の動作モードの間に位置するアイドル期間である第3の動作モードが存在する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記サイクル速度が、デューティ期間を通じて一様に維持される、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記サイクル速度が、所定の期間に渡って電流又は持続時間が変化するように制御される、請求項1記載の装置。
- サイクル速度、持続時間、又は電流量のうちの1以上が、給水特性を監視するフィードバック機構と関連付けられる、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極の間に、2枚以上のカチオン交換膜が配置される、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極の間に、2枚以上のアニオン交換膜が配置される、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記制御装置が、濃縮イオン室を通って希釈イオン室に流れる流れに原動力を提供するように、前記装置を通る給水の流れを制御するバルブを制御する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 第1の電極、及び前記第1の電極から離間してある体積を画定する第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極にパルス直流電流を送ることができる電源と、
前記装置が複数のサイクルに渡って動作するように前記装置を制御することができる制御装置とを備え、
前記複数のサイクルのうちの1以上が、
直流電源が、第1の持続時間(t1)の間、前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極に順方向直流電流(If)を供給して、第1の正電極及び第2の負電極に給電する、脱イオンステージと、
前記電源が、第2の持続時間(t2)の間、前記順方向直流電流とは反対の方向に、前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極のそれぞれに逆方向直流電流(Ir)を供給する、回復ステージとを含み、
動作期間に渡る前記複数のサイクルの各サイクルの周波数が、約100Hz〜約10kHzの範囲内である、電気透析装置。 - 電気透析装置を使用する電気透析プロセスであって、前記プロセスが、複数のサイクルを含み、前記複数のサイクルのうちの1以上が、
直流電源が、第1の持続時間(t1)の間、第1の電極及び第2の電極に順方向直流電流(If)を供給して、第1の正電極及び第2の負電極に給電する、脱イオンステージと、
前記電源が、第2の持続時間(t2)の間、前記順方向直流電流とは反対の方向に、前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極のそれぞれに逆方向直流電流(Ir)を供給する、回復ステージとを含み、
動作期間に渡る前記複数のサイクルの各サイクルの周波数が、約100Hz〜約10kHzの範囲内である、電気透析プロセス。 - 持続時間(t1)と(t2)の合計に対する持続時間(t1)の比が、約1:10〜約1:100の範囲内である、請求項13記載の電気透析プロセス。
- 前記順方向直流電流(If)に対する前記逆方向直流電流(Ir)の比である逆方向電流比が、約1:10〜約1:100の範囲内である、請求項13記載の電気透析プロセス。
- 前記複数のサイクルのうちの1以上が、持続時間(t3)のアイドルステージを有し、前記アイドルステージの間、前記電源は、前記電極のどちらにも直流電流を供給しない、請求項13記載の電気透析プロセス。
- 前記アイドルステージが、前記脱イオンステージと前記回復ステージの間にある、請求項16記載の電気透析プロセス。
- 2つのサイクルの間に1以上の逆転ステージをさらに含み、前記電源が、持続時間(t4)の間、前記順方向直流電流(If)とは反対の方向に前記1以上の電極に直流電流(Ia)を供給する、請求項13記載の電気透析プロセス。
- 希釈室を有する電気透析装置を使用する電気透析プロセスであって、
前記電気透析装置に給水を流入させる段階と、
前記電気透析装置内の電極に、第1の順方向直流電流を通電する段階と、
第1の所定のイオン濃度に対してイオン濃度が増加するかどうか、前記電気透析装置の前記希釈室内のイオン濃度を監視する段階と、
監視しているイオン濃度が前記第1の所定のイオン濃度より低くなる前に、前記電極に逆極性の直流電流を通電する段階と、
第2の所定のイオン濃度について、前記電気透析装置の希釈室内のイオン濃度を監視する段階と、
前記希釈室内のイオン濃度が前記第2の所定のイオン濃度に達したのに応答して、前記電極に第2の順方向直流電流を通電する段階とを含む電気透析プロセス。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007103015634A CN101468836A (zh) | 2007-12-25 | 2007-12-25 | 电渗析装置和方法 |
| CN200710301563.4 | 2007-12-25 | ||
| US12/016,518 US8038867B2 (en) | 2007-12-25 | 2008-01-18 | Electrodialysis device and process |
| US12/016,518 | 2008-01-18 | ||
| PCT/US2008/083955 WO2009082573A1 (en) | 2007-12-25 | 2008-11-19 | Electrodialysis device and process |
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| JP2011520588A true JP2011520588A (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
| JP2011520588A5 JP2011520588A5 (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
| JP5623290B2 JP5623290B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
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| US (1) | US8038867B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2240261B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5623290B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101573092B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101468836A (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2008340409B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0819518A2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2450056T3 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI480094B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2009082573A1 (ja) |
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| CN103901076B (zh) * | 2014-03-18 | 2016-03-02 | 河海大学 | 一种研究电极转换时间影响因素的电渗试验系统 |
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2008
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- 2008-11-19 ES ES08864474.5T patent/ES2450056T3/es active Active
- 2008-11-19 EP EP08864474.5A patent/EP2240261B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-11-19 KR KR1020107014183A patent/KR101573092B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-19 JP JP2010540696A patent/JP5623290B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-19 BR BRPI0819518-8A patent/BRPI0819518A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2008-11-19 WO PCT/US2008/083955 patent/WO2009082573A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-11-19 AU AU2008340409A patent/AU2008340409B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-15 TW TW097148797A patent/TWI480094B/zh active
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| US3029196A (en) * | 1959-03-25 | 1962-04-10 | Matz Reuven | Electrodialysis of aqueous electrolyte solutions |
| JP2007167745A (ja) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-07-05 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | シリカの除去方法及びシリカ除去装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020531278A (ja) * | 2017-07-18 | 2020-11-05 | インベスティガシオネス・フォレスタレス・ビオフォレスト・エス・アー | 電気膜プロセスにおける非対称極性反転のための方法とデバイス |
| JP7015388B2 (ja) | 2017-07-18 | 2022-02-02 | インベスティガシオネス・フォレスタレス・ビオフォレスト・エス・アー | 電気膜プロセスにおける非対称極性反転のための方法とデバイス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5623290B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
| KR101573092B1 (ko) | 2015-12-01 |
| KR20100098422A (ko) | 2010-09-06 |
| TWI480094B (zh) | 2015-04-11 |
| WO2009082573A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
| BRPI0819518A2 (pt) | 2015-05-26 |
| EP2240261A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| US8038867B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
| AU2008340409A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
| CN101468836A (zh) | 2009-07-01 |
| AU2008340409B2 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
| ES2450056T3 (es) | 2014-03-21 |
| TW201021904A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
| US20090159460A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
| EP2240261B1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
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