JP2011511393A - Method and apparatus for vibration damping of a suspended media read / write head - Google Patents

Abstract

  A method for controlling a head for a recording medium includes determining that the head is inoperable and activating the damping arrangement in response to the determination that the head is inoperable. Head movement is sensed while the head is inoperable. In response to the sensing step, a force is applied to the head using a damping arrangement, thereby dampening the motion, the strength of the force being dependent on the motion parameters.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of dampening vibrations in a read / write head during periods when the head is inoperable.

  In a disk drive, a device known as a “head” is used to read or write to an optical recording medium such as a compact disk (CD). A head capable of reading from and / or writing to an optical recording medium may be referred to herein as a “read / write head”. If a compact disc is configured so that it cannot be written to but can only be read, it is often referred to as a “CD-ROM”.

  The laser diode of the head reads and / or writes to the optical recording medium by focusing energy on a specific position on the optical recording medium. During the time when the head is operating, i.e., when the head is reading and / or writing to the optical recording medium, the head is directed toward and from the optical recording medium in order to keep the laser diode in focus. It is always driven in the direction of leaving. The head may include at least one permanent magnet, and the head may be driven by applying an electromagnetic field on the head by passing a current through a coil adjacent to the head.

  During periods when the head is not operating, it is not necessary to focus the head on the optical recording medium. Thus, in known disk drives, driving or controlling the position of the read / write head does not occur while the head is not operating.

  Therefore, what is neither preceded nor obvious in view of the prior art is any control that controls the position of the read / write head during periods when the head is not reading or writing to the optical recording medium. Is the method.

  The present invention provides a method for sensing the read / write head movement of a disk drive during periods when the read / write head is not operating and then counteracting the head to reduce head movement. In one embodiment, the same coil that was used to drive the head while the head is operating is also used to drive the head while the head is not operating. In certain embodiments, the current induced through the coil and / or the voltage induced across the coil by a magnet in the moving head is sensed and / or offset through the coil and / or the voltage across the coil. Used to produce. The canceling current and / or voltage results in a canceling electromagnetic force being applied to the head, thereby reducing the strength and / or speed of head movement.

  The present invention may be particularly applicable to a read / write head whose position is adjusted to focus the head on a recording medium by applying a magnetic field to the head. A magnetic field may be created by passing a current through adjacent coils and / or creating a voltage across adjacent coils. When the head is subjected to vibration or undesirable movement while the head is inoperable, the accompanying movement of the magnet can create a magnetic field by which the movement of the head can be sensed. In particular, the movement of the magnet can create a magnetic field that induces a current through the coil and / or a voltage across the coil. The coil current and / or voltage may be sensed to detect head movement.

  In one embodiment of the invention, a method for controlling a head for a recording medium determines that the head is inoperable and activates an attenuation arrangement in response to the determination that the head is inoperable Including. Head movement is sensed while the head is inoperable. In response to the sensing step, a force is applied to the head using a damping arrangement, thereby dampening the motion, the strength of the force being dependent on the motion parameters.

  In another embodiment of the invention, a method for controlling a head for a disk drive includes determining that the head is inoperable. Head movement while the head is inoperable and / or forces applied to the head while the head is inoperable are sensed. A damped electromagnetic force is applied on the head in response to the sensing step.

  In yet another embodiment of the invention, the disk drive includes a sensor that senses head movement and / or force applied to the head. A damping device is coupled to the sensor and applies a damping force to the head in response to a signal from the sensor. A controller is coupled with the sensor and / or attenuation device. The controller deactivates the sensor and / or attenuation device when the head is in operation.

  An advantage of the present invention is that read / write head vibrations can be minimized during periods when no playback is occurring.

  Another advantage is that the same coil used to drive the head during playback can be used to both sense head movement and drive the head when playback is not occurring. is there.

  Yet another advantage is that if the head is exposed to an oscillating shock while the head is not operating, the present invention can dampen head movement before the head reaches the peak position associated with the initial spike. It is.

  The foregoing and other features and objects of the invention and the manner in which they will be accomplished will become more apparent by referring to the following description of embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the invention itself will become more apparent. It will be well understood.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a disk drive arrangement of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a more specific embodiment of the disk drive arrangement of FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of one embodiment of the method of the present invention for controlling a head for a recording medium. FIG. 4 is an exemplary plot of voltage versus time across the coil of FIG. 2, assuming that the head of FIG. 2 experiences a shock without the damping effect of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the method of the present invention for controlling a head for a recording medium. FIG. 6 is a flowchart of yet another embodiment of the method of the present invention for controlling a head for a recording medium. FIG. 7 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the disk drive arrangement of the present invention.

  The embodiments disclosed hereinafter are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed in the following description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art can utilize their teachings.

  Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 1, one embodiment of a disk drive 10 of the present invention including a damping device for active vibration damping of a read / write head 12 is shown. The head 12 may have a laser diode 14 for reading from and / or writing to the optical recording medium 16. In the particular embodiment shown here, the head 12 reads the medium 16 for playback purposes. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to read heads. For example, the invention may be applied to a head that writes to a recording medium but does not read the medium. In one embodiment, medium 16 is a compact disc (CD) or CD-ROM.

  The playback servo logic 18 can keep the laser diode 14 of the head 12 properly focused on the medium 16. Servo logic 18 may receive information via link 20 indicating whether diode 14 is properly focused, or otherwise determine whether diode 14 is properly focused. good. As described in more detail below, servo logic 18 may send a control signal to actuator 24 via link 26 when switch 22 is in the closed position. In response to control of the servo logic 18, the actuator 24 may move the head 12 in a direction toward and away from the medium 16, thereby focusing the diode 14 on the medium 16 better.

  A controller in the form of playback detection logic 30 may determine whether head 12 is currently operating to read media 16, i.e., whether disk drive 10 is in a playback mode of operation. The detection logic 30 may receive information indicating whether the head 12 is currently operating via a link 32 to the controller 34, or otherwise determine whether the head 12 is currently operating. May be. The controller 34 may receive read data from the head 12 via the link 36, and the controller 34 may control the head 12 via the link 36.

  The vibration sensing device 38 may receive a signal from the actuator 24 via the link 40. The signal received via link 40 may indicate the presence, speed or intensity of head 12 movement and / or vibration. In an alternative embodiment, the signal sensing device 38 directly senses the presence, speed or intensity of head 12 movement and / or vibrations via the link 42. The link 42 may not be provided if the link 40 exists, and conversely, the link 40 may not be provided if the link 42 exists.

  The damping device may include a vibration canceling device 44 and a switch device for activating or deactivating the vibration sensing device 38 and / or the vibration canceling device 44. The vibration canceling device 44 may receive a signal from the vibration sensing device 38 via the link 46. Similar to the signal on link 40, the signal on link 46 may indicate the presence, speed or intensity of head 12 movement and / or vibration. However, the vibration sensing device 38 conditions and signals the signal on the link 40 so that the signal on the link 46 better or more clearly identifies or identifies the presence, speed or intensity of head 12 movement and / or vibration. It may also be processed. The vibration canceller 44 may use or process the signal on the link 46 to create a signal on the link 48. When applied to the actuator 24, the signal on the link 48 causes the actuator 24 to drive the head 12 in a manner that reduces or at least partially cancels vibrations sensed by the vibration sensing device 38. You may do it.

  In one embodiment, the signals on links 46 and 48 are oscillatory. For example, the signals on links 46 and 48 may be sinusoidal. The signal on link 48 is approximately 180 degrees out of phase with the signal on link 46, thereby reducing or at least partially reducing head 12 vibration when the signal on link 48 is applied to actuator 24. You may make it make the actuator 24 apply force on the head 12 so that it may cancel.

  The regeneration detection logic 30 operates to open and close the switches 22 and 50, as indicated by 52 and 54, respectively. More specifically, the detection logic 30 may maintain the switch 22 in the closed position and the switch 50 in the open position when the detection logic 30 determines that regeneration is occurring. Conversely, the detection logic 30 may maintain the switch 22 in the open position and the switch 50 in the closed position when the detection logic 30 determines that no regeneration has occurred. Thus, when playback is occurring, the playback servo logic 18 sends a signal to the actuator 24 via the switch 22 to control the position of the head 12. Conversely, when regeneration is not occurring, the regeneration detection logic 30 sends a signal to the actuator 24 via the switch 50 to control the position of the head 12. Thus, the logic 30 may increase or decrease the impedance of the attenuation arrangement in order to deactivate or activate the attenuation arrangement, respectively.

  In the particular embodiment of the disk drive 110 shown in FIG. 2, the head 112 includes a permanent magnet 113 attached thereto. The active vibration damping circuit includes an actuator in the form of an induction coil 124. Thus, when the head 112 and the magnet 113 move, a moving magnetic field is created, which induces a current through the coil 124 and / or a voltage across the coil 124.

  The vibration sensing device is in the form of an error amplifier 138 having an input connected to each opposite end of the coil 124. Thus, error amplifier 138 monitors the voltage across coil 124. Coil 124 and error amplifier 138 (as well as actuator 24 and vibration sensing device 38) may jointly form an electromagnetic sensor. The output 146 of the amplifier 138 is sent to a vibration cancellation device in the form of a lead lag filter 144. Filter 144 may function as a phase matching circuit that produces an output in the form of error cancellation feedback on line 148. In one embodiment, the output on line 148 is approximately 180 degrees out of phase with the signal on output 146. One particular hardware embodiment of the lead lag filter 144 is an operational amplifier that incorporates a feedback loop, with a resistor connected to one input and a capacitor connected to the other input.

  The regeneration detection logic 130 operates to open and close the switches 122 and 150, as indicated by 152 and 154, respectively. When regeneration detection logic 130 determines that regeneration is not occurring in a manner similar to that of logic 30 of FIG. 1, logic 130 may maintain switch 122 in the open position and switch 150 in the closed position. good.

  When switch 150 is closed and switch 122 is open, error cancellation feedback on line 148 is applied to coil 124, thereby causing a voltage across coil 124 and a current flowing through coil 124. The current through this coil 124 creates a magnetic field on the magnet 113 and thus on the head 112 that applies an electromagnetically induced damping force. Thus, the coil 124 may be used both to sense the movement of the head 112 and to apply a force to induce the movement of the head 112.

  Conversely, when the regeneration detection logic 130 determines that regeneration is occurring, the logic 130 may maintain the switch 122 in the closed position and the switch 150 in the open position. When switch 122 is closed and switch 150 is open, playback servo logic 118 applies a signal to coil 124, thereby causing a voltage across coil 124 and a current flowing through coil 124. The current through this coil 124 creates a magnetic field on the magnet 113 and thus on the head 112 that applies an electromagnetic force. Similar to the servo logic 18 of FIG. 1, the servo logic 118 may receive information regarding the focus of the head 112 on a recording medium (not shown). The servo logic 118 may apply a voltage and / or current to the coil 124 so that the focus of the head 112 on the recording medium is improved.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart depicting one embodiment of a method 300 of the present invention for controlling a head for a recording medium. In a first step 302, it is determined whether the read / write head of the disk drive is operating. For example, the reproduction detection logic 30 may determine whether the head 12 is reading a recording medium. Alternatively or additionally, it may be determined whether the head is currently writing to the recording medium. If it is determined in step 302 that the head is operating, operation proceeds to step 304 where the adjustments necessary to better focus the laser diode 14 of the head 12 on the recording medium 16 are provided. Such adjustment may be performed by, for example, the reproduction servo logic 18. Conversely, if it is determined at step 302 that the head is not operating, operation proceeds to step 306 where the adjustment necessary to cancel the vibration in the head 12 is provided. For example, the coil 124 may sense the movement of the head 112 to create a signal indicative of movement, the error amplifier 138 may amplify the signal, and the lead lag filter 144 may cause the head 112 to cancel the movement. A signal may be provided to the coil 124 to drive. Regardless of whether the head is operating in playback mode, in step 308, the coil 124 may be used to perform adjustment of the position of the head 112. If regeneration is occurring, servo logic 118 may apply an appropriate voltage to coil 124. Conversely, if regeneration is not occurring, the lead lag filter 144 may apply an appropriate voltage to the coil 124. After the coil is used to perform head adjustment, the operation returns to step 302 to determine whether the head is currently operating to read and / or write to the recording medium.

  FIG. 4 is an exemplary plot of voltage versus time across the coil 124 of FIG. 2 when the head 112 experiences a mechanical shock without the benefit of the damping effect of the present invention. For example, the disc drive may be in the form of a compact disc player installed in an automobile. The mechanical shock to the head may be the result of, for example, the vehicle hitting a recess. As seen in FIG. 4, the initial spike begins at any time of about 16 milliseconds, reaches the initial local peak 402 at about 18 milliseconds, and completes at about 20 milliseconds. Thus, the initial spike may take some period on the order of 2 milliseconds (18 milliseconds-16 milliseconds) to reach the initial local peak 402. As the voltage across the head and thus the coil continues to vibrate, other local peaks 404, 406, etc. may be reached.

  In one embodiment, the present invention attenuates the mechanical shock as depicted in FIG. 4 so that the remaining vibration is not perceptible to the human eye when plotted on the scale of FIG. Is possible. More specifically, the attenuation provided by the present invention may begin to take effect within a few milliseconds after the initial spike begins. Thus, in one embodiment, the decay response may begin to cancel the spike in about one thousandth of the time it takes for the initial spike to reach the initial local peak (microseconds versus milliseconds).

  One embodiment of a method 500 of the present invention for controlling a head for a disk drive is depicted in FIG. In an initial step 502, it is determined that the head is inoperable. For example, the reproduction detection logic 30 may determine whether the head 12 is actively reading from and / or writing to the recording medium 16 based on a signal from the controller 34. In the next step 504, head movement is sensed while the head is inoperable. In one embodiment, after playback detection logic 130 determines that head 112 is not reading or writing, error amplifier 138 senses movement of head 112 by sensing the voltage across coil 124. Alternatively, as described below for the embodiment of FIG. 7, the force applied to the head while the head is inoperable (as opposed to head movement while the head is inoperable) is Sensed by an active vibration damping circuit. Next, in step 506, a damped electromagnetic force is applied on the head in response to sensing of the head while the head is inoperable. For example, after error amplifier 138 senses movement of head 112, signal 146 is transmitted by error amplifier 138 to lead lag filter 114. In response to receiving the signal 146, the lead lag filter 144 may apply a voltage to the coil 124. The resulting current through the coil 124 may create an electromagnetic field that applies a damped electromagnetic force to the magnet 113 and thus the head attached to the magnet 113.

One embodiment of a method 600 of the present invention for controlling a head for a recording medium is depicted in FIG. In an initial step 602, it is determined that the head is inoperable. For example, the playback detection logic 130 may determine whether the head 112 is actively reading and / or writing to the recording medium. The logic 130 may detect the absence of playback of the recording medium. In one embodiment, the logic 130 may sense that the spindle motor is not drawing current, and thus determine that the head 112 is in an inoperable state. In a next step 604, the damping arrangement is activated in response to determining that the head is inoperable. Specifically, after determining that the head 112 is inoperable, the detection logic 130 may keep the switch 122 open and the switch 150 closed. When switch 150 is closed, an attenuation arrangement including error amplifier 138 and lead lag filter 144 may be activated. Next, in step 606, head movement is sensed while the head is inoperable. In one embodiment, error amplifier 138 senses movement of head 112 by sensing the voltage across coil 124. Alternatively, as described below for the embodiment of FIG. 7, forces applied to the head while the head is inoperative are sensed by an active vibration damping circuit. In step 608, in response to sensing head movement, a force is applied on the head using a damping arrangement, thereby dampening the movement, the strength of the force being dependent on the motion parameters. For example, after error amplifier 138 senses movement of head 112, signal 146 is transmitted by error amplifier 138 to lead lag filter 114. In response to receiving the signal 146, the lead lag filter 144 may apply a voltage to the coil 124. The resulting current through the coil 124 may create an electromagnetic field that applies a damped electromagnetic force to the magnet 113 and thus the head attached to the magnet 113.

  The strength of the signal on line 148 may depend on the motion parameters. In one embodiment, the parameter is in the form of the speed of movement of the head 112. The greater the speed of movement, the greater the strength of the voltage applied by the coil 124 to the error amplifier 138. On the other hand, the greater the strength of the voltage applied to error amplifier 138, the greater the amplified signal 146 and the greater the signal applied to coil 124 on line 148. Furthermore, the greater the signal applied to the coil 124, the greater the electromagnetic field created by the current flowing through the coil and the greater the force applied to the head 112. Therefore, the strength of the damping force applied to the head 112 may depend on the head speed measured first.

  For simplicity of depiction, the damped current through the coil 124 and the damped electromagnetic field created thereby are referred to herein as the first electromagnetic field and the first current induced in the coil 124 caused by the initial movement of the head. It is generally described in an isolated form. However, it should be understood that the vibration damping circuit of the present invention may function to cancel the initial electromagnetic field and the initial current induced in the coil 124 by head movement. Conversely, the electromagnetic field and current induced in the coil 124 by the vibration damping circuit may be canceled by the initial electromagnetic field and the initial current induced in the coil 124 by the movement of the head.

  In an alternative embodiment of the disk drive 710 shown in FIG. 7, the head 712 includes a permanent magnet 713 attached thereto. The head 712 is suspended by one or more suspension wires, one such wire 756 being shown in FIG. The active vibration damping circuit includes a semiconductor strain gauge or piezoresistor 758 attached to the wire 756. If the head 712 is exposed to any movement, the resistance value of the piezoresistor 758 may change accordingly. Thus, the piezoresistor 758 may sense the movement of the head 712 and the resulting stretching of the wire 756. In one embodiment, piezoresistor 758 is part of a voltage divider that includes resistor 760 and voltage source 762. As the resistance of piezoresistor 758 changes as head 712 moves, the voltage applied to the input of error amplifier 738 changes accordingly. For this reason, any vibration or shock to which the head 712 is exposed is sensed.

  The output 746 of the amplifier 738 is sent to a vibration canceler in the form of a lead lag filter 744. Filter 744 may function as a phase matching circuit that produces an output in the form of error cancellation feedback on line 748. In one embodiment, the output on line 748 is approximately 180 degrees out of phase with the signal on output 746. One particular hardware embodiment of the lead lag filter 744 is an operational amplifier that incorporates a feedback loop, with a resistor connected to one input and a capacitor connected to the other input.

  Regeneration detection logic 730 operates to open and close switches 722 and 750, as indicated by 752 and 754, respectively. When regeneration detection logic 730 determines that regeneration is not occurring in a manner similar to that of logic 30 of FIG. 1, logic 730 may maintain switch 722 in the open position and switch 750 in the closed position. good.

  When switch 750 is closed and switch 722 is open, error cancellation feedback on line 748 is applied to coil 724, thereby causing a voltage across coil 724 and a current flowing through coil 724. The current through this coil 724 creates a magnetic field on the magnet 713 and thus on the head 712 that applies an electromagnetic force. Thus, the coil 724 may be used to induce movement of the head 712 by applying a force thereto.

  Conversely, when the regeneration detection logic 730 determines that regeneration is occurring, the logic 730 may maintain the switch 722 in the closed position and the switch 750 in the open position. When switch 722 is closed and switch 750 is open, playback servo logic 718 applies a signal to coil 724, thereby causing a voltage across coil 724 and a current flowing through coil 724. The current through this coil 724 creates a magnetic field on the magnet 713 and thus on the head 712 that applies an electromagnetic force. Similar to the servo logic 18 of FIG. 1, the servo logic 718 may receive information regarding the focus of the head 712 on the recording medium 716. The servo logic 718 may apply a voltage and / or current to the coil 724 so that the focus of the laser diode 714 of the head 712 on the recording medium 716 is improved.

  Controller 34 has been described herein as specifying to detection logic 30 when playback occurs. In another embodiment (not shown), the isolated circuit automatically detects mechanical or electrical phenomena or events that characterize the reproduction of the optical media. For example, the circuit can detect the current drawn by the spindle motor from the power source. The circuit can control the switches 22, 50.

  The regeneration detection logic of the present invention has been depicted herein as opening and closing a switch to enable or disable the active vibration damping circuit. However, it should be understood that other ways for the regeneration detection logic to enable or disable the active vibration damping circuit are within the scope of the invention. For example, the detection logic can achieve switching via an electromechanical relay or an electronic switch device. The impedance of the attenuation arrangement may be changed through the use of an electronic switch device to activate or deactivate the attenuation arrangement. As another alternative, error amplifiers and lead lag filters are optionally low impedance (vibration damping selected / active) characteristics or high impedance (vibration damping deselected) for normal playback tracking circuits. (Inactive / inactive) characteristics can be designed.

  Switches 50, 150 are shown here as being located in lines 48, 148. However, it should be understood that the switch may alternatively be placed before or immediately after vibration sensing. For example, the switch 50 may be disposed in any one of the lines 40, 42, 46. Moreover, the switch 150 may be located at the input to the error amplifier 138 or between the error amplifier 138 and the lead lag filter 144. Thus, the switches 50, 150 may be used to activate and deactivate both vibration sensing and vibration cancellation.

  The present invention has been described herein as applied primarily to read / write heads installed in vehicles such as automobiles. However, it should be understood that the invention applies to any other type or installation of read / write heads where the head is typically not exposed to vibration, such as installation in a residential or office environment.

  While this invention has been described as having an exemplary design, the present invention may be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover deviations from this disclosure that fall within the well-known or routine practice of the art to which this invention pertains.

Claims (20)

Determining that the head is inoperable;
Activating the damping arrangement in response to the determining step;
Sensing head movement while the head is inoperable;
Applying a force to the head using a damping arrangement in response to the sensing step, thereby dampening the movement, wherein the strength of the force depends on the parameters of the movement;
For controlling a head (12) for a recording medium (16) comprising:   The method of claim 1, wherein the determining step comprises detecting the absence of playback of the recording medium.   The method of claim 1, wherein the determining step includes determining that the head is not reading or writing the recording medium.   The method of claim 1, wherein the step of activating includes reducing the impedance of the attenuation arrangement.   The method of claim 1, wherein the measuring step includes monitoring a voltage caused by electromagnetic induction resulting from head movement.   The method of claim 1, wherein the step of using comprises applying an electromagnetic force to the head.   The motion includes oscillatory motion that includes multiple local peaks (402, 404, 406), and a force is applied to the head such that the motion is damped before the head reaches the first one of the peaks (402). The method of claim 1. Determining that the head is inoperable;
Sensing at least one of head movement while the head is inoperable and force applied to the head while the head is inoperable;
Applying a damped electromagnetic force on the head in response to the sensing step;
A method for controlling a head (12) for a disk drive (10) comprising:   9. The method of claim 8, further comprising activating a damping arrangement in response to the determining step, wherein the step of applying includes applying a damping electromagnetic force using the damping arrangement.   The method of claim 9, wherein the step of activating includes at least one of reducing the impedance of the damping arrangement and driving the switching device (50).   9. The method of claim 8, wherein the sensing step comprises monitoring a voltage caused by electromagnetic induction resulting from head movement.   The motion includes sinusoidal motion including multiple local peaks (402, 404, 406) and a force is applied to the head so that the motion is damped before the head reaches the first one of the peaks (402). The method of claim 8.   The method of claim 8, wherein the determining step includes detecting the absence of playback of the disc in the disc drive.   9. The method of claim 8, wherein the determining step includes determining that the head is not reading or writing to a disk in the disk drive. A head (12);
Sensors (24, 38) configured to sense at least one of head movement and force applied to the head;
A damping device (44, 50) coupled to the sensor and configured to apply a damping force to the head in response to a signal from the sensor;
A controller (30) coupled to at least one of the sensor and the attenuator and configured to deactivate at least one of the sensor and the attenuator when the head is in operation;
A disk drive (10) including:   The disk drive of claim 15, wherein the sensor includes an electromagnetic sensor configured to sense an electromagnetically induced voltage.   16. The disk drive of claim 15, wherein the damping device is configured to apply an electromagnetically induced damping force to the head. The controller
Detect events related to the head being in motion,
The disk drive of claim 15, wherein the disk drive is configured to de-activate at least one of the sensor and the attenuator in response to detecting an event.   The disk drive of claim 15, wherein the sensor includes a coil configured to carry an inductively induced current in response to head movement.   The disk drive of claim 15, wherein the sensor comprises a piezoresistor (758).

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