JP2011114899A - Method and apparatus for controlling load frequency - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】電力過疎地域や離島などに敷設されるマイクログリッドの周波数の安定性を向上させることが可能な負荷周波数制御方法及び負荷周波数制御装置を提供する。
【解決手段】電力系統における基準周波数f0とマイクログリッドにおける系統周波数fとから周波数偏差（f0- f=Δf）を演算して求め、次いでマイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)を演算して求め、そうして演算して求めた周波数偏差（Δf）に系統定数(K)を乗算した値と演算して求めた連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)との加減算によって地域要求量(AR)を算出し、最後に、出力応答速度に基づいて分類した内燃力発電設備、電力貯蔵装置のグループごとに上記算出した地域要求量(AR)を配分する。
【選択図】図１A load frequency control method and a load frequency control apparatus capable of improving the stability of the frequency of a microgrid laid in a power depopulated area or a remote island are provided.
A frequency deviation (f 0 −f = Δf) is calculated from a reference frequency f 0 in a power system and a system frequency f in a micro grid, and then at a connection point between the micro grid and another power system. Calculate the change in interconnection current (ΔP T ), calculate the frequency deviation (Δf) obtained by the calculation and multiply it by the system constant (K), and calculate the change in interconnection current The regional requirement amount (AR) is calculated by adding and subtracting the amount (ΔP T ), and finally, the calculated regional requirement amount (AR) for each group of the internal combustion power generation facility and the power storage device classified based on the output response speed. ).
[Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、内燃力発電設備、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギーを利用した発電設備、電力貯蔵装置、負荷設備で構成されるマイクログリッドにおいて、太陽光発電設備における日射量変動、風力発電設備における風速変動等に起因する出力変動及び需要家の負荷変動に対してマイクログリッドの周波数を安定化することが可能な負荷周波数制御方法及び負荷周波数制御装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a microgrid composed of an internal combustion power generation facility, a photovoltaic power generation facility, a wind power generation facility, etc., which uses renewable energy, a power storage device, and a load facility. The present invention relates to a load frequency control method and a load frequency control apparatus capable of stabilizing the frequency of a microgrid against output fluctuations caused by wind speed fluctuations in a wind power generation facility and load fluctuations of a customer.
電力系統においては、負荷と発電のバランス（需給バランス）が崩れると周波数変動が生じる。そのため、負荷変動の変動周期に応じた各種周波数制御によって、時々刻々変化する負荷（需要）と発電（供給）を常にバランスさせるように内燃力発電設備の発電機の出力増減調整を実施している。通常の電力系統では、負荷変動の変動周期に応じて、１分程度の負荷変動に対しては、発電機の回転数をガバナフリー運転することにより出力増減の制御を行う。２０分程度の負荷変動に対しては、負荷周波数制御(LFC: Load Frequency
Control)により出力増減の制御を行う。６０分程度の負荷変動に対しては、経済負荷配分制御(EDC: Economic Dispatching Control)で上下限制約、出力変化率制約などの発電機の特性を勘案した上で経済性を考慮した出力増減の制御を行う。
In an electric power system, frequency fluctuations occur when the balance between load and power generation (supply-demand balance) is lost. Therefore, the output increase / decrease adjustment of the generator of the internal combustion power generation facility is carried out so as to always balance the load (demand) and power generation (supply) that change every moment by various frequency control according to the fluctuation cycle of the load fluctuation. . In a normal power system, the output increase / decrease is controlled by performing a governor-free operation of the rotational speed of the generator for a load fluctuation of about 1 minute in accordance with the fluctuation period of the load fluctuation. For load fluctuations of about 20 minutes, load frequency control (LFC: Load Frequency
Control of output increase / decrease by (Control). For load fluctuations of about 60 minutes, the output increase / decrease taking into account the economic characteristics, taking into account generator characteristics such as upper / lower limit constraints and output change rate constraints in EDC (Economic Dispatching Control) Take control.
近年、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギーを利用した発電設備を含むマイクログリッドの開発が盛んに行われている。一般にマイクログリッドは、複数の分散型発電設備、電力貯蔵設備、制御装置などを組み合わせてネットワーク化し、エネルギーを供給可能とする小電力の系統と定義されることが多い。太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギーを利用した発電設備は、日射量、風速などの自然条件に応じて時々刻々と出力が変動するため、特に電力過疎地域や離島など、脆弱な電力系統では系統の周波数や電圧の変動が生じ、問題となることが想定される。 In recent years, development of microgrids including power generation facilities using renewable energy such as solar power generation facilities and wind power generation facilities has been actively performed. In general, a microgrid is often defined as a low-power system that can supply energy by forming a network by combining a plurality of distributed power generation facilities, power storage facilities, and control devices. Power generation facilities that use renewable energy, such as solar power generation facilities and wind power generation facilities, are fragile, especially in areas where power is sparse and remote islands, because their output fluctuates momentarily depending on natural conditions such as solar radiation and wind speed. In the electric power system, fluctuations in the system frequency and voltage are expected to cause problems.
これに対し例えば、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギーを利用した発電設備による出力変動を電力貯蔵装置による充放電で、ローカルに電力系統を安定化させる電力安定化装置が下記非特許文献１に示されている。 On the other hand, for example, a power stabilization device that stabilizes the power system locally by charging and discharging the power storage device with output fluctuations by power generation facilities using renewable energy such as solar power generation facilities and wind power generation facilities is described below. It is shown in Patent Document 1.
しかしながら、上記非特許文献１の電力安定化装置は、ローカルな制御であり、広範囲な周波数補償を行うことはできないという問題があった。
そこで、本発明の目的は、電力過疎地域や離島などに敷設されるマイクログリッドの周波数の安定性を向上させることが可能な負荷周波数制御方法及び負荷周波数制御装置を提供することである。
However, the power stabilization device of Non-Patent Document 1 has a problem that it is a local control and cannot perform a wide range of frequency compensation.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a load frequency control method and a load frequency control device that can improve the stability of the frequency of a microgrid laid in a power depopulated area or a remote island.
上述した課題を解決するために本発明は、内燃力発電設備、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギーを利用した発電設備、電力貯蔵装置、負荷設備で構成されるマイクログリッドにおける負荷周波数制御方法であって、
電力系統における基準周波数f0とマイクログリッドにおける系統周波数fとから周波数偏差(Δf=f0-f)を演算して求め、
上記マイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)を演算して求め、
上記演算して求めた上記周波数偏差（Δf）に系統定数(K)を乗算した値と上記演算して求めた上記マイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)との加減算によって地域要求量(AR)を算出し、
出力応答速度に基づいて分類した上記内燃力発電設備、上記電力貯蔵装置のグループごとに上記算出した地域要求量(AR)を配分する、ことを特徴とするものである。
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a load in a microgrid composed of an internal combustion power generation facility, a power generation facility that uses renewable energy such as a solar power generation facility and a wind power generation facility, a power storage device, and a load facility. A frequency control method comprising:
Calculate the frequency deviation (Δf = f 0 -f) from the reference frequency f 0 in the power system and the system frequency f in the microgrid,
Calculate the interconnection power flow change (ΔP T ) at the interconnection point between the microgrid and other power system,
The value obtained by multiplying the frequency deviation (Δf) obtained by the above calculation by the system constant (K) and the amount of change in the connection line power flow at the connection point between the microgrid and the other power system obtained by the above calculation ( Calculate the regional demand (AR) by adding / subtracting with (ΔP T )
The calculated regional demand (AR) is allocated to each group of the internal combustion power generation facility and the power storage device classified based on the output response speed.
また本発明は、上記地域要求量(AR)を配分する際には、負荷の低周波数変動に起因する地域要求量(AR)の低周波数変動をハイパスフィルターで除去した後で地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善と定常特性改善を行うためにPID演算し、その後で出力配分演算を行うとともに、負荷の高周波数変動に起因する地域要求量(AR)の高周波数変動をローパスフィルターで除去した後で地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善と定常特性改善を行うためにPID演算し、その後で出力配分演算を行うようにするものである。 In the present invention, when the regional requirement (AR) is allocated, the regional requirement (AR) is obtained after removing the low frequency variation of the regional requirement (AR) due to the low frequency variation of the load by a high pass filter. ) PID calculation to improve transient characteristics and steady-state characteristics, and then output distribution calculation, and high frequency fluctuations of regional requirement (AR) due to high frequency fluctuations of the load are removed with a low-pass filter Later, PID calculation is performed to improve the regional characteristics (AR) transient characteristics and steady characteristics, and then output distribution calculation is performed.
また本発明は、上記地域要求量(AR)を配分する際には、負荷の低周波数変動に起因する地域要求量(AR)の低周波数変動をハイパスフィルターで除去した後で地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善と定常特性改善を行うためにPID演算し、その後で出力配分演算を行うとともに、上記地域要求量(AR)と上記ハイパスフィルターで除去した上記地域要求量(AR)とを差分演算して次段の地域要求量(AR)として次段のハイパスフィルターで除去した後で地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善と定常特性改善を行うためにPID演算するかまたは上記地域要求量(AR)と次段以降のハイパスフィルターで除去した上記地域要求量(AR)とを差分演算して最終段の地域要求量(AR)とし、該地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善と定常特性改善を行うためにPID演算し、その後で出力配分演算を行うようにするものである。 In the present invention, when the regional requirement (AR) is allocated, the regional requirement (AR) is obtained after removing the low frequency variation of the regional requirement (AR) due to the low frequency variation of the load by a high pass filter. ) PID calculation to improve transient characteristics and steady-state characteristics, and then output distribution calculation, and the difference between the regional requirement (AR) and the regional requirement (AR) removed by the high-pass filter After calculating and removing the next regional requirement (AR) with the next high-pass filter, PID calculation is performed to improve the regional characteristics (AR) transient characteristics and steady characteristics, or the above regional requirements The difference between (AR) and the above regional requirement (AR) removed by the high-pass filter after the next stage is calculated as the final regional requirement (AR), and the transient characteristics of the regional requirement (AR) are improved and steady. PID calculation to improve characteristics, and then output distribution calculation Is shall.
また本発明は、上記出力配分演算を行う場合に、内燃力発電設備、電力貯蔵装置の容量比を用いるものである。
また本発明は、上記出力配分演算を行う場合に、経済負荷配分制御で演算された内燃力発電設備、電力貯蔵装置への配分比を用いるものである。
In the present invention, the capacity ratio of the internal combustion power generation equipment and the power storage device is used when the output distribution calculation is performed.
In the present invention, when the output distribution calculation is performed, the distribution ratio to the internal combustion power generation facility and the power storage device calculated by the economic load distribution control is used.
また本発明の負荷周波数制御装置は、内燃力発電設備、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギーを利用した発電設備、電力貯蔵装置、負荷設備で構成されるマイクログリッドにおいて、
電力系統における基準周波数f0とマイクログリッドにおける系統周波数fとから周波数偏差(Δf=f0-f)を演算して求める手段と、
前記マイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)を演算して求める手段と、
上記演算して求めた上記周波数偏差（Δf）に系統定数(K)を乗算した値と上記演算して求めた連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)との加減算によって地域要求量(AR)を算出する手段と、
出力応答速度に基づいて分類した上記内燃力発電設備、上記電力貯蔵装置のグループごとに上記算出した地域要求量(AR)を配分する手段と、を備えることを特徴とするものである。
Moreover, the load frequency control device of the present invention is a microgrid composed of an internal combustion power generation facility, a power generation facility using renewable energy such as a solar power generation facility and a wind power generation facility, a power storage device, and a load facility.
Means for calculating a frequency deviation (Δf = f 0 -f) from the reference frequency f 0 in the power system and the system frequency f in the microgrid;
Means for calculating and calculating an interconnection line power flow variation (ΔP T ) at an interconnection point between the microgrid and another power system;
The regional demand (AR) is calculated by adding and subtracting the value obtained by multiplying the frequency deviation (Δf) obtained by the above calculation by the system constant (K) and the amount of change in the grid line flow (ΔP T ) obtained by the above calculation. Means for calculating;
The internal combustion power generation equipment classified based on the output response speed, and means for allocating the calculated regional demand (AR) for each group of the power storage devices.
また本発明の負荷周波数制御装置の上記地域要求量(AR)を配分する手段は、内燃力発電設備、電力貯蔵装置の容量比を用いて地域要求量(AR)の配分を行うものである。
また本発明の負荷周波数制御装置の上記地域要求量(AR)を配分する手段は、経済負荷配分制御で演算された内燃力発電設備、電力貯蔵装置への配分比を用いて地域要求量(AR)の配分を行うものである。
Further, the means for allocating the regional requirement amount (AR) of the load frequency control device of the present invention distributes the regional requirement amount (AR) using the capacity ratio of the internal combustion power generation facility and the power storage device.
Further, the means for allocating the regional requirement amount (AR) of the load frequency control device of the present invention is the regional requirement amount (AR) using the distribution ratio to the internal combustion power generation facility and the power storage device calculated by the economic load distribution control. ).
本発明によれば、電力過疎地域や離島などに敷設されるマイクログリッドの周波数の安定性を格段に向上させることができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the stability of the frequency of the microgrid laid in a power depopulated area, a remote island, etc. can be improved significantly.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、詳細に説明する。
図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る負荷周波数制御方式の全体構成を示す図である。図１において、fはマイクログリッドにおける系統周波数[Hz]で、マイクログリッド内の任意点の三相瞬時電圧のゼロクロス点演算から系統周波数fを演算する（実装時は周波数変換器を使用する）。そしてこの系統周波数fと基準系統周波数(50又は60Hz)f0との差Δfを周波数偏差として、加減算器11を用いて以下の式（１）より求める。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a load frequency control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, f is a system frequency [Hz] in the microgrid, and the system frequency f is calculated from a zero cross point calculation of a three-phase instantaneous voltage at an arbitrary point in the microgrid (a frequency converter is used at the time of mounting). Then, the difference Δf between the system frequency f and the reference system frequency (50 or 60 Hz) f 0 is obtained as a frequency deviation using the adder / subtractor 11 from the following equation (1).
またマイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量ΔPT[MW]を演算する。そのため、いま連系線の三相瞬時電流をIR,IS,ITとする。この三相瞬時電流からαβ変換によりα電流Iα、β電流Iβを以下の式（２）より求める。 In addition, the interconnection line power flow variation ΔP T [MW] at the connection point between the microgrid and another power system is calculated. For this reason, the three-phase instantaneous current of the interconnection line is now denoted as I R , I S , I T. From this three-phase instantaneous current, α current I α and β current I β are obtained from the following equation (2) by αβ conversion.
また連系線の電圧の三相瞬時電圧をVR,VS,VTとする。この三相瞬時電圧からαβ変換によりα電圧Vα、β電圧Vβを以下の式（４）より求める。 Also, let V R , V S , and V T be the three-phase instantaneous voltages of the interconnection line voltage. From this three-phase instantaneous voltage, α voltage V α and β voltage V β are obtained from the following formula (4) by αβ conversion.
このように、図１に示した本発明の実施形態に係る負荷周波数制御方式は、内燃力発電設備、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギーを利用した発電設備、電力貯蔵装置、負荷設備で構成されるマイクログリッドにおける負荷周波数制御を行うために、まず電力系統における基準周波数f0とマイクログリッドにおける系統周波数fとから周波数偏差（Δf = f0- f）を演算して求め、また上記のようにして前記マイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)を演算して求め、演算して求めた前記周波数偏差（Δf）に系統定数(K)を乗算した値と前記演算して求めた前記マイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)との加減算によって地域要求量(AR)を算出し、出力応答速度に基づいて分類した前記内燃力発電設備、前記電力貯蔵装置のグループごとに前記算出した地域要求量(AR)を地域要求量配分手段１〜Mにより配分するようにしている。地域要求量(AR：Area Requirement)は、例えば、電力貯蔵装置、高速内燃力発電設備、低速内燃力発電設備など出力応答速度に基づいて分類した電力貯蔵装置、内燃力発電設備のグループごとに配分される。すなわち、本マイクログリッドを構成する中では出力応答速度が速い電力貯蔵装置からなる配分１のグループと、出力応答速度が中速である高速内燃力発電設備からなる配分２のグループと、出力応答速度が低速である低速内燃力発電設備からなる配分３のグループとに配分される。なお地域要求量(AR)は、具体的には、以下の式(７)により計算される。 As described above, the load frequency control method according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes an internal combustion power generation facility, a power generation facility that uses renewable energy such as a solar power generation facility and a wind power generation facility, a power storage device, for load frequency control in a microgrid composed of load facility, first frequency deviation (Δf = f 0 - f) from the reference frequency f 0 and the power system frequency f in a microgrid in power system determined by calculating the, Further, as described above, the interconnection line power flow variation (ΔP T ) at the interconnection point between the microgrid and another power system is calculated and obtained, and the frequency deviation (Δf) obtained by the calculation is calculated as a system constant. Calculate the regional demand (AR) by adding / subtracting the value obtained by multiplying (K) and the amount of change in interconnection current (ΔP T ) at the interconnection point between the microgrid and the other power system obtained by the above calculation. Output response speed The calculated regional requirement amount (AR) is distributed by the regional requirement amount distribution means 1 to M for each group of the internal combustion power generation facility and the power storage device classified based on the degree. Area requirement (AR) is allocated for each group of power storage devices, internal combustion power generation facilities, such as power storage devices, high speed internal combustion power generation facilities, low speed internal combustion power generation facilities, etc. Is done. That is, in the configuration of the microgrid, a group of distribution 1 composed of power storage devices having a high output response speed, a group of distribution 2 composed of high-speed internal combustion power generation equipment having a medium output response speed, and an output response speed. Are distributed to a group of distribution 3 consisting of low-speed internal combustion power generation equipment having a low speed. The regional requirement amount (AR) is specifically calculated by the following equation (7).
は、マイクログリッド100の外側に図示されているが、本来はマイクログリッド100内に納められるべきもので、図示の矮小化を避けるために便宜的に外側に描いているものである。そしてマイクログリッド内系統制御装置150は、実績データベース155に格納された実績データを基に予測機能154により予測した需給予測を参考にして需給計画作成部151によりマイクログリッド系統内の需給計画を作成する。経済負荷配分制御部152は、需給計画作成部151で作成された需給計画と、上記した予測機能154で予測した需給予測に基づいて経済負荷配分制御を行う。この場合において経済負荷配分制御部152は、公知の経済負荷配分制御(EDC)の手法を用いることができる。経済負荷配分制御(EDC)の手法は、例えば餘利野直人外２名「変化率を考慮したＥＬＤ問題のオンライン時間準最適化法の提案」電学論B、第108巻、第4号、pp.141-148、昭和63年発行、などに紹介されている。次いで、本発明に係る負荷周波数制御部153で負荷周波数制御を実施し、本発明に係る負荷周波数制御部153から出力される地域要求量(AR)を内燃力発電設備（高速用およびまたは低速用を含む）110、電力貯蔵設備120に配分して負荷変動を安定化させるように制御する。負荷周波数制御部153は、その内部に電力系統における基準周波数f0が記憶されている。さらに、負荷周波数制御部153には、マイクログリッドにおける系統周波数fがマイクログリッドよりフィードバックする形で入力される。なお図示例のマイクログリッド内系統制御装置150は、マイクログリッドと他の電力系統200(例えば、大手電力会社などが運用する電力系統)との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)を上述した式（２）〜（６）に基づいて算出し、他の電力系統200との連系を考慮した地域要求量(AR)を計算し、連系線潮流の変動にも対応できるよう構成している。
Is shown outside the microgrid 100, but should be housed inside the microgrid 100, and is drawn outside for convenience in order to avoid the illustrated miniaturization. Then, the grid control device 150 in the microgrid creates a supply and demand plan in the microgrid system by the supply and demand plan creation unit 151 with reference to the demand and supply prediction predicted by the prediction function 154 based on the record data stored in the record database 155. . The economic load distribution control unit 152 performs economic load distribution control based on the supply and demand plan created by the supply and demand plan creation unit 151 and the supply and demand forecast predicted by the prediction function 154 described above. In this case, the economic load distribution control unit 152 can use a known economic load distribution control (EDC) technique. The method of economic load distribution control (EDC) is, for example, 2 people from Naoto Ashino, “Proposal of Online Time Quasi-Optimization Method for ELD Problem Considering Rate of Change”, Electronics B, Vol. 108, No. 4, pp.141-148, published in 1988, etc. Next, load frequency control is performed by the load frequency control unit 153 according to the present invention, and the regional demand (AR) output from the load frequency control unit 153 according to the present invention is used as the internal combustion power generation facility (for high speed and / or low speed). 110) and control to distribute load to the power storage facility 120 to stabilize the load fluctuation. The load frequency control unit 153 stores therein a reference frequency f 0 in the power system. Further, the system frequency f in the microgrid is input to the load frequency control unit 153 in a form that feeds back from the microgrid. The grid internal grid control device 150 in the illustrated example has a grid line flow change amount (ΔP T ) at the interconnection point between the microgrid and another power grid 200 (for example, a power grid operated by a major power company or the like). Is calculated based on the above-mentioned formulas (2) to (6), and the regional requirement (AR) considering the interconnection with other power systems 200 is calculated, so that it can cope with fluctuations in the interconnection power flow. It is composed.
次に、本発明の実施形態に係る地域要求量(AR)の配分方法の具体例について説明する。
図２は、本発明の実施形態に係る地域要求量(AR)の第１の配分方法の具体例を示す図である。図２において、HPF２１，２４はリミッタ付のハイパスフィルター、LPF２７はリミッタ付のローパスフィルター、PID２２，２５，２８はリミッタ付のPID演算器、K11〜K1N,K21〜K2N,KN1〜KNN２３，２６，２９は出力(地域要求量(AR))配分手段を表す。ここでリミッタは、大きな信号が電力貯蔵設備や発電機（上述の内燃力発電設備と同義）に入力されないように入力を制限するものである。
Next, a specific example of the regional requirement (AR) allocation method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a specific example of the first method of allocating regional requirement (AR) according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, HPF 21 and 24 are high-pass filters with limiters, LPF 27 is a low-pass filter with limiters, PIDs 22, 25 and 28 are PID calculators with limiters, K11 to K1N, K21 to K2N, KN1 to KNNs 23, 26, and 29. Represents an output (area requirement (AR)) distribution means. Here, the limiter limits the input so that a large signal is not input to the power storage facility or the generator (synonymous with the above-described internal combustion power generation facility).
そして地域要求量(AR)を配分する際には、負荷の低周波数変動に起因する地域要求量(AR)の低周波数変動をハイパスフィルターで除去した後で地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善(滑らか制御)と定常特性改善(オフセットのゼロ化)を行うためにPID演算し、その後で出力配分演算を行うとともに、負荷の高周波数変動に起因する地域要求量(AR)の高周波数変動をローパスフィルターで除去した後で地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善(滑らか制御)と定常特性改善(オフセットのゼロ化)を行うためにPID演算し、その後で出力配分演算を行うようにする。 When allocating regional demand (AR), transient characteristics of regional demand (AR) are improved after removing the low frequency fluctuation of regional demand (AR) due to low frequency fluctuation of load with a high-pass filter. (Smooth control) and PID calculation to improve steady-state characteristics (zero offset), then output distribution calculation, and high frequency fluctuation of regional demand (AR) due to high frequency fluctuation of load After removing with a low-pass filter, PID calculation is performed to improve the regional characteristics (AR) transient characteristics (smooth control) and steady characteristics (zero offset), and then output distribution calculation is performed.
ここで、本実施例における負荷の低周波数変動には、発電機の回転数のガバナフリー運転や、負荷周波数制御(LFC: Load Frequency Control)により、出力増減の制御を行うこととする。本実施例における負荷の高周波数変動には、経済負荷配分制御(EDC: Economic
Dispatching Control)により、発電機の特性を勘案した上で経済性を考慮した出力増減の制御を行うこととする。
Here, for the low frequency fluctuation of the load in the present embodiment, the output increase / decrease is controlled by governor-free operation of the rotational speed of the generator or load frequency control (LFC). For the high frequency fluctuation of the load in this embodiment, economic load distribution control (EDC: Economic
Dispatching Control) controls the output increase / decrease taking into account the economic characteristics of the generator.
図３は、本発明の実施形態に係る地域要求量(AR)の第２の配分方法の具体例を示す図である。図３において、HPF３１，３５はリミッタ付のハイパスフィルター、PID３２，３６，３９はリミッタ付のPID演算器、K11〜K1N,K21〜K2N,KN1〜KNN３３，３７，４０は出力(地域要求量(AR))配分手段を表す。また３４は差分演算手段１で、３８は差分演算手段２である。なおリミッタについては、図２における説明と同じであるため再説しない。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a specific example of the second method of allocating regional requirement (AR) according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, HPFs 31 and 35 are high-pass filters with limiters, PIDs 32, 36, and 39 are PID computing units with limiters, and K11 to K1N, K21 to K2N, KN1 to KNNs 33, 37, and 40 are outputs (regional requirements (AR )) Represent distribution means. Further, 34 is the difference calculation means 1 and 38 is the difference calculation means 2. The limiter is the same as that described in FIG.
地域要求量(AR)を配分する際には、上記した図２と同様、負荷の低周波数変動に起因す
る地域要求量(AR)の低周波数変動をハイパスフィルター３１で除去した後で地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善と定常特性改善を行うためにPID演算し、その後で出力配分演算を行うとともに、上記地域要求量(AR)と上記ハイパスフィルター３１で除去した上記地域要求量(AR)とを差分演算して次段の地域要求量(AR)として次段のハイパスフィルター３５で除去した後で地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善と定常特性改善を行うためにPID演算するかまたは上記地域要求量(AR)と次段以降のハイパスフィルターで除去した上記地域要求量(AR)とを差分演算して最終段の地域要求量(AR)とし、該地域要求量(AR)の過渡特性改善と定常特性改善を行うためにPID演算し、その後で出力配分演算を行うようにする。
When allocating the regional requirement (AR), the regional requirement after removing the low frequency fluctuation of the regional requirement (AR) caused by the low frequency fluctuation of the load by the high pass filter 31 as in FIG. In order to improve the transient characteristic and steady characteristic of (AR), PID calculation is performed, and then output distribution calculation is performed, and the regional requirement (AR) and the regional requirement (AR) removed by the high-pass filter 31 are calculated. And calculating the PID in order to improve the transient characteristics and the steady characteristics of the regional requirement (AR) after removing the difference as the next regional requirement (AR) by the high pass filter 35 in the next stage or Calculate the difference between the regional requirement (AR) and the regional requirement (AR) removed by the high pass filter after the next stage to obtain the final regional requirement (AR). PID calculation is performed to improve characteristics and steady-state characteristics, and then output distribution is performed. To perform the.
そして図２、図３の出力(地域要求量(AR))配分手段K11〜KNNは、例えば、式(８)に示すように内燃力発電設備、電力貯蔵装置の容量比を用いることができる。 The output (regional requirement (AR)) distribution means K11 to KNN in FIGS. 2 and 3 can use, for example, the capacity ratio of the internal combustion power generation facility and the power storage device as shown in Equation (8).
また図２、図３の出力(地域要求量(AR))配分手段K11〜KNNは、例えば，式(９)に示すように経済負荷配分制御(EDC)で演算された内燃力発電設備、電力貯蔵装置への配分比を用いることができる。 The output (regional requirement (AR)) distribution means K11 to KNN in FIGS. 2 and 3 are, for example, an internal combustion power generation facility, electric power calculated by economic load distribution control (EDC) as shown in Equation (9). Distribution ratios to storage devices can be used.
そして、本発明の実施形態に係る負荷周波数制御方式は、式(８)および式(９)の配分比を満たすように内燃力発電設備、太陽光発電設備や風力発電設備などの再生可能エネルギーを利用した発電設備、電力貯蔵装置、負荷設備で構成されるマイクログリッドにおける負荷周波数制御を行う。 The load frequency control method according to the embodiment of the present invention uses renewable energy such as an internal combustion power generation facility, a solar power generation facility, and a wind power generation facility so as to satisfy the distribution ratios of the equations (8) and (9). It performs load frequency control in the microgrid composed of the used power generation equipment, power storage device, and load equipment.
以上のようにすることによって、電力過疎地域や離島などに敷設されるマイクログリッドの周波数の安定性を格段に向上させることができる。 By doing so, the stability of the frequency of the microgrid laid in a power depopulated area or a remote island can be remarkably improved.
上記に示した本発明は、上位系が電力系統に連系するマイクログリッドのみならず、さらに上位系がマイクログリッドで、これに連系するマイクログリッドにも適用することができる。 The present invention described above can be applied not only to the microgrid in which the upper system is linked to the power system, but also to the microgrid that is linked to the microgrid.
１１ 周波数偏差演算手段
１２ 系統定数乗算手段
１３ 地域要求量算出手段
１４ 地域要求量配分手段
２１ ハイパスフィルター１(リミッタ付き)
２２ ＰＩＤ演算１（リミッタ付き）
２３ 出力配分手段１（K11〜K1N）
２４ ハイパスフィルター２(リミッタ付き)
２５ ＰＩＤ演算器２（リミッタ付き）
２６ 出力配分手段２（K21〜K2N）
２７ ローパスフィルター(リミッタ付き)
２８ ＰＩＤ演算器３（リミッタ付き）
２９ 出力配分手段３（KN1〜KNN）
３１ ハイパスフィルター１(リミッタ付き)
３２ ＰＩＤ演算器１（リミッタ付き）
３３ 出力配分手段１（K11〜K1N）
３４ 差分演算手段１
３５ ハイパスフィルター２(リミッタ付き)
３６ ＰＩＤ演算器２（リミッタ付き）
３７ 出力配分手段２（K21〜K2N）
３８ 差分演算手段２
３９ ＰＩＤ演算器３（リミッタ付き）
４０ 出力配分手段３（KN1〜KNN）
１００ マイクログリッド
１１０ 内燃力発電設備
１２０ 電力貯蔵設備
１３０ 太陽光発電設備
１４０ 風力発電設備
１５０ マイクログリッド内系統制御装置
１５１ 需給計画作成部
１５２ 経済負荷配分制御部
１５３ 負荷周波数制御部
１５４ 予測機能
１５５ 実績データベース
１６０ 負荷
２００ 他の電力系統
11 Frequency deviation calculation means 12 System constant multiplication means 13 Regional requirement amount calculation means 14 Regional requirement amount distribution means 21 High pass filter 1 (with limiter)
22 PID operation 1 (with limiter)
23 Output distribution means 1 (K11 ～ K1N)
24 High-pass filter 2 (with limiter)
25 PID calculator 2 (with limiter)
26 Output distribution means 2 (K21 to K2N)
27 Low-pass filter (with limiter)
28 PID calculator 3 (with limiter)
29 Output distribution means 3 (KN1-KNN)
31 High-pass filter 1 (with limiter)
32 PID calculator 1 (with limiter)
33 Output distribution means 1 (K11 ～ K1N)
34 Difference calculation means 1
35 High-pass filter 2 (with limiter)
36 PID calculator 2 (with limiter)
37 Output distribution means 2 (K21 ～ K2N)
38 Difference calculation means 2
39 PID calculator 3 (with limiter)
40 Output distribution means 3 (KN1-KNN)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Microgrid 110 Internal combustion power generation equipment 120 Power storage equipment 130 Solar power generation equipment 140 Wind power generation equipment 150 Microgrid system controller 151 Supply and demand plan preparation part 152 Economic load distribution control part 153 Load frequency control part 154 Prediction function 155 Results database 160 Load 200 Other power system
Claims (8)
電力系統における基準周波数f0とマイクログリッドにおける系統周波数fとから周波数偏差(Δf=f0-f)を演算して求め、
前記マイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)を演算して求め、
前記演算して求めた前記周波数偏差（Δf）に系統定数(K)を乗算した値と前記演算して求めた前記マイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)との加減算によって地域要求量(AR)を算出し、
出力応答速度に基づいて分類した前記内燃力発電設備、前記電力貯蔵装置のグループごとに前記算出した地域要求量(AR)を配分する、
ことを特徴とする負荷周波数制御方法。 A load frequency control method in a microgrid composed of an internal combustion power generation facility, a power generation facility using renewable energy such as a solar power generation facility and a wind power generation facility, a power storage device, and a load facility,
Calculate the frequency deviation (Δf = f 0 -f) from the reference frequency f 0 in the power system and the system frequency f in the microgrid,
Obtained by calculating the interconnection line power flow variation (ΔP T ) at the interconnection point of the microgrid and other power system,
A value obtained by multiplying the frequency deviation (Δf) obtained by the calculation by a system constant (K) and a change amount of a connected line power flow at a connection point between the microgrid and the other power system obtained by the calculation ( Calculate the regional demand (AR) by adding / subtracting with (ΔP T )
The internal combustion power generation equipment classified based on the output response speed, the calculated regional demand (AR) is allocated to each group of the power storage device,
The load frequency control method characterized by the above-mentioned.
電力系統における基準周波数f0とマイクログリッドにおける系統周波数fとから周波数偏差(Δf=f0-f)を演算して求める手段と、
前記マイクログリッドと他の電力系統との連系点における連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)を演算して求める手段と、
前記演算して求めた前記周波数偏差（Δf）に系統定数(K)を乗算した値と前記演算して求めた連系線潮流変化量(ΔPT)との加減算によって地域要求量(AR)を算出する手段と、
出力応答速度に基づいて分類した前記内燃力発電設備、前記電力貯蔵装置のグループごとに前記算出した地域要求量(AR)を配分する手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする負荷周波数制御装置。 In a microgrid composed of power generation facilities using renewable energy, such as internal combustion power generation facilities, solar power generation facilities and wind power generation facilities, power storage devices, and load facilities,
Means for calculating a frequency deviation (Δf = f 0 -f) from the reference frequency f 0 in the power system and the system frequency f in the microgrid;
Means for calculating and calculating an interconnection line power flow variation (ΔP T ) at an interconnection point between the microgrid and another power system;
The regional requirement amount (AR) is obtained by adding / subtracting the value obtained by multiplying the frequency deviation (Δf) obtained by the calculation by the system constant (K) and the amount of change in the grid line flow (ΔP T ) obtained by the calculation. Means for calculating;
The internal combustion power generation equipment classified based on the output response speed, means for allocating the calculated regional demand (AR) for each group of the power storage devices;
A load frequency control device comprising:
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| JP2017028945A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Power plant power control apparatus and power control method |
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| CN106208073B (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2022-10-25 | 中国电力工程顾问集团东北电力设计院有限公司 | Single tie line exchange power limit value determination method based on multiple constraint conditions |
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| CN107480837A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-15 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of islet operation micro-grid coordination control method that frequency is synchronously determined based on GPS |
| CN107480837B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-10-09 | 山东理工大学 | Island operation micro-grid coordination control method based on GPS synchronous fixed frequency |
| JP2021129433A (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-09-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Power supply-demand control device |
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