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JP2011194411A - Spot welding method and spot welded joint - Google Patents

Spot welding method and spot welded joint Download PDF

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JP2011194411A
JP2011194411A JP2010061371A JP2010061371A JP2011194411A JP 2011194411 A JP2011194411 A JP 2011194411A JP 2010061371 A JP2010061371 A JP 2010061371A JP 2010061371 A JP2010061371 A JP 2010061371A JP 2011194411 A JP2011194411 A JP 2011194411A
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welding
spot
welded
planned
ultrasonic impact
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JP5494065B2 (en
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Fuminori Watanabe
史徳 渡辺
Hideki Hamaya
秀樹 濱谷
Hatsuhiko Oikawa
初彦 及川
Tetsuo Nose
哲郎 野瀬
Hiroshi Shimanuki
広志 島貫
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve strength of a welded joint formed by spot welding without carrying out post treatment after the welding.SOLUTION: When spot-welding a plurality of metal plates 14a, 14b, welding current with a value of Iis passed and places to be welded on the plurality of the metal plates 14a, 14b are made to be melted and when at least the places to be welded are solidified, mechanical vibrations by ultrasonic impact are imparted to the places to be welded so that the structure of the places to be welded are refined.

Description

本発明は、スポット溶接方法及びスポット溶接継手に関し、特に、金属板をスポット溶接するために用いて好適なものである。   The present invention relates to a spot welding method and a spot welded joint, and is particularly suitable for use in spot welding a metal plate.

代表的な抵抗溶接手法として抵抗スポット溶接(以下の説明では、抵抗スポット溶接を必要に応じてスポット溶接と略称する)がある。スポット溶接は、鋼板等の金属板の接合に広く用いられている。このようなスポット溶接で溶接された継手の強度を大きくすることは、スポット溶接されることにより製造される金属製品の品質に大きく影響を与えるので、極めて重要である。
そこで、特許文献1では、高強度鋼板をスポット溶接した後、ナゲットが形成されている領域と、その周囲の両方又は片方に超音波衝撃処理を施すことにより、ナゲットが形成されている領域に圧縮残留応力を発生させて、相対的に残留引張応力を低減させるようにしている。このようにすれば、スポット溶接により形成された溶接継手の疲労強度を向上させることができる。
As a typical resistance welding method, there is resistance spot welding (in the following description, resistance spot welding is abbreviated as spot welding as necessary). Spot welding is widely used for joining metal plates such as steel plates. Increasing the strength of joints welded by such spot welding is extremely important because it greatly affects the quality of metal products produced by spot welding.
Therefore, in Patent Document 1, after high-strength steel plate is spot welded, the nugget is compressed into the region where the nugget is formed by applying ultrasonic shock treatment to the region where the nugget is formed and to both or one of its surroundings. Residual stress is generated to relatively reduce the residual tensile stress. If it does in this way, the fatigue strength of the welded joint formed by spot welding can be improved.

特開2004−122152号公報JP 2004-122152 A

ところで、近年、鋼板のハイテン化(引張張力の向上)に伴い、炭素当量が高い鋼板が増えてきた。これにより、スポット溶接により形成された溶接継手の継手強度が、母材強度に比例しなくなるという知見が得られている。
しかしながら、前述した特許文献1に記載の技術では、溶接継手の疲労強度を向上させることはできるが、溶接継手の引張強度については考慮されていない。特許文献1に記載の技術では、溶接継手の引張強度は、鋼板の引張強度と共に増加することを前提とし、鋼板の引張強度に依存しない溶接継手の疲労強度の向上を図るようにしたものだからである。よって、前述した特許文献1に記載の技術では、スポット溶接により形成された溶接継手の強度を十分に向上させることが困難であった。また、特許文献1に記載の技術では、溶接後に溶接継手の強度を向上させるための後処理を行うことになる。このため、例えば、スポット溶接が数千点施される自動車の製造に、特許文献1に記載の技術を適用することは非現実的である。
本発明は、このような問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、スポット溶接により形成された溶接継手の強度を、溶接後の後処理を行うことなく向上させることを目的とする。
By the way, in recent years, steel sheets having a high carbon equivalent have increased with the increase in tensile strength of steel sheets (improvement of tensile tension). Thereby, the knowledge that the joint strength of the welded joint formed by spot welding is not proportional to the base metal strength has been obtained.
However, although the technique described in Patent Document 1 described above can improve the fatigue strength of the welded joint, the tensile strength of the welded joint is not considered. In the technique described in Patent Document 1, it is assumed that the tensile strength of the welded joint increases with the tensile strength of the steel sheet, and is intended to improve the fatigue strength of the welded joint independent of the tensile strength of the steel sheet. is there. Therefore, with the technique described in Patent Document 1 described above, it has been difficult to sufficiently improve the strength of the welded joint formed by spot welding. Moreover, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, post-processing is performed to improve the strength of the welded joint after welding. For this reason, for example, it is impractical to apply the technique described in Patent Document 1 to the manufacture of an automobile in which several thousand spot weldings are performed.
This invention is made | formed in view of such a problem, and it aims at improving the intensity | strength of the welded joint formed by spot welding, without performing the post-process after welding.

本発明のスポット溶接方法は、金属板を重ねてスポット溶接するスポット溶接方法であって、前記金属板を介して上下で対向する一対の電極の通電を制御して、当該金属板の溶接予定箇所を溶融及び凝固させて溶接継手を形成する過程のうち、少なくとも当該溶接予定箇所が溶融状態から凝固組織に移行しているときに、少なくとも当該溶接予定箇所に対して機械的振動を与えて、当該溶接予定箇所の組織を微細化することを特徴とする。
本発明の及びスポット溶接継手は、前記スポット溶接方法を用いて形成されたことを特徴とする。
The spot welding method of the present invention is a spot welding method in which metal plates are overlapped and spot welded, and the energization of a pair of electrodes facing each other up and down through the metal plate is controlled, and the planned welding location of the metal plate In the process of forming a welded joint by melting and solidifying the material, at least when the planned welding location is shifted from the molten state to the solidified structure, at least mechanical welding is applied to the planned welding location, It is characterized by miniaturizing the structure of the planned welding location.
The spot welded joint of the present invention is formed using the spot welding method.

本発明によれば、スポット溶接により形成された溶接予定箇所が溶融状態から凝固組織に移行しているときに、少なくとも溶接予定箇所に対して機械的振動を与えて、溶接箇所の組織を微細化するようにした。したがって、従来の手法に比べ、溶接箇所のデンドライト状だった凝固組織(デンドライト)が細かい等軸状の組織となる。よって、溶接箇所の組織が均質になり、微細化されることで、溶接継手の強度を溶接後の後処理を行うことなく向上させることができる。   According to the present invention, when a planned welding spot formed by spot welding is shifted from a molten state to a solidified structure, at least the planned welding spot is subjected to mechanical vibration to refine the structure of the welding spot. I tried to do it. Therefore, compared with the conventional method, the solidified structure (dendrites) in a welded dendritic form becomes a fine equiaxed structure. Therefore, the structure of the welded portion becomes uniform and refined, so that the strength of the welded joint can be improved without performing post-treatment after welding.

本発明の第1の実施形態を示し、スポット溶接装置の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and shows an example of a structure of the spot welding apparatus. 本発明の第1の実施形態を示し、超音波衝撃装置を、その軸の方向に沿って切ったときの断面の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and shows an example of a cross section when an ultrasonic impact apparatus is cut along the direction of the axis | shaft. 本発明の第1の実施形態を示し、溶接パターンの一例を説明する図である。It is a figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and demonstrates an example of a welding pattern. 本発明の第1の実施形態を示し、スポット溶接された溶接箇所の顕微鏡写真の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and shows an example of the microscope picture of the welding location spot-welded. 本発明の第2の実施形態を示し、スポット溶接装置の構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention and shows an example of a structure of the spot welding apparatus. 本発明の実施例と比較例とを表形式で示した図である。It is the figure which showed the Example and comparative example of this invention in tabular form.

(第1の実施形態)
以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明の第1の実施形態を説明する。
図1は、スポット溶接装置の構成の一例を示す図である。尚、各図では、説明の都合上、必要な部分のみを簡略化して示している。また、本実施形態では、スポット溶接の対象となる金属板が鋼板である場合を例に挙げて説明する。
図1において、スポット溶接装置は、電極11a、11bと、超音波衝撃装置12と、制御装置13とを有している。
電極11a、11bは、板面が相互に重なるように重ねられた2枚の鋼板14a、14bを介して上下で対向する一対の電極である。尚、ここでは、複数の鋼板14a、14bが2枚の場合を例に挙げて説明するが、これらの枚数は2枚に限定されるものではなく、3枚以上であってもよい。
(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a spot welding apparatus. In each drawing, only necessary portions are simplified for convenience of explanation. In the present embodiment, the case where the metal plate to be spot welded is a steel plate will be described as an example.
In FIG. 1, the spot welding apparatus has electrodes 11 a and 11 b, an ultrasonic impact device 12, and a control device 13.
The electrodes 11a and 11b are a pair of electrodes that are vertically opposed to each other via two steel plates 14a and 14b that are stacked so that the plate surfaces overlap each other. Here, the case where the plurality of steel plates 14a and 14b are two will be described as an example, but the number of these is not limited to two, and may be three or more.

超音波衝撃装置12は、鋼板14a、14bをスポット溶接するための電極11a、11bの何れか一方に対して超音波衝撃を与えるものである。図1では、超音波衝撃装置12が電極11aに対して超音波衝撃を与える場合を例に挙げて示している。
図2は、超音波衝撃装置12を、その軸の方向に沿って切ったときの断面の一例を示す図である。
超音波衝撃装置12は、トランスデューサー21と、トランスデューサー21の前面に設けられたウエーブガイド22と、自由振動体(打撃ピン)23と、ウエーブガイド22の先端に設けられ、自由振動体(打撃ピン)23を支持するホルダー24と、ホルダー24を支持する支持体25と、後端にハンドル26を有するケース27と、ケーブル28とを有している。
The ultrasonic impact device 12 applies an ultrasonic impact to any one of the electrodes 11a and 11b for spot welding the steel plates 14a and 14b. FIG. 1 shows an example in which the ultrasonic impact device 12 applies an ultrasonic impact to the electrode 11a.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a cross section when the ultrasonic impact device 12 is cut along the direction of its axis.
The ultrasonic impact device 12 is provided with a transducer 21, a wave guide 22 provided on the front surface of the transducer 21, a free vibration body (striking pin) 23, and a tip of the wave guide 22. A holder 24 for supporting the pin) 23, a support 25 for supporting the holder 24, a case 27 having a handle 26 at the rear end, and a cable 28.

ケーブル28を介して外部(図1では、制御装置13内の電源)から供給された電気エネルギーは、トランスデューサー21により超音波領域の機械的振動(超音波振動)に変換される。トランスデューサー21で発生した超音波振動は、トランスデューサー21に接続されているウエーブガイド22を伝播する。図2に示すように、ウエーブガイド22の径は、前方に向かって絞られている。よって、超音波振動の伝播速度がウエーブガイド22で変性され、超音波振動が増幅される。この超音波振動は、ウエーブガイド22の先端からホルダー24で支持されている自由振動体(打撃ピン)23に伝わる。これにより、自由振動体(打撃ピン)23が超音波振動する。この自由振動体(打撃ピン)23を電極11aに押し当てた状態にして、自由振動体(打撃ピン)23が電極11aを打撃することにより、電極11aが超音波振動し、鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所を含む領域に機械的振動(超音波衝撃)が与えられる。ここでは、振幅が10[μm]〜60[μm]、周波数が15[kHz]〜60[kHz]、パワー(出力)が0.2[kW]〜2[kW]の超音波衝撃を複数の鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所を含む領域に与えるようにしている。ここで、パワーの上限は、溶接機の耐久性と、電極で加圧された鋼板がずれないという条件で規定される。
尚、超音波衝撃装置は、例えば、特開2006−55899号公報に記載されており、公知の技術で実現できるので、ここでは概略のみを説明し、詳細な説明を省略する。
Electrical energy supplied from outside (in FIG. 1, the power source in the control device 13) via the cable 28 is converted into mechanical vibration (ultrasonic vibration) in the ultrasonic region by the transducer 21. The ultrasonic vibration generated by the transducer 21 propagates through the wave guide 22 connected to the transducer 21. As shown in FIG. 2, the diameter of the wave guide 22 is narrowed toward the front. Therefore, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic vibration is modified by the wave guide 22, and the ultrasonic vibration is amplified. This ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the tip of the wave guide 22 to the free vibration body (striking pin) 23 supported by the holder 24. Thereby, the free vibration body (striking pin) 23 vibrates ultrasonically. When the free vibration body (striking pin) 23 is pressed against the electrode 11a and the free vibration body (striking pin) 23 strikes the electrode 11a, the electrode 11a vibrates ultrasonically, and the steel plates 14a and 14b Mechanical vibration (ultrasonic shock) is applied to the region including the planned welding location. Here, an ultrasonic shock having an amplitude of 10 [μm] to 60 [μm], a frequency of 15 [kHz] to 60 [kHz], and a power (output) of 0.2 [kW] to 2 [kW] is applied to a plurality of steel plates 14a. , 14b is applied to a region including the planned welding location. Here, the upper limit of the power is defined by the durability of the welder and the condition that the steel plate pressed by the electrode does not deviate.
The ultrasonic impact device is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-55899, and can be realized by a known technique. Therefore, only an outline is described here, and a detailed description is omitted.

図1の説明に戻り、制御装置13は、電極11a、11bと超音波衝撃装置12とのそれぞれに交流電力を個別に供給する。制御装置13は、予めユーザ等によって設定された溶接パターンに従って、電極11a、11bと超音波衝撃装置12とのそれぞれに交流電力を供給する。制御装置13は、例えば、CPU、ROM、RAM、HDD、各種のインターフェース、及び交流電源を備えた機器を用いることにより実現できる。
図3は、溶接パターンの一例を説明する図である。本実施形態では、制御装置13が動作する前に、図1に示すように、超音波衝撃装置12の自由振動体(打撃ピン)23が電極11aに押し付けられた状態にしておく。ここで、超音波衝撃装置12の軸16の方向と、水平方向(鋼板14a、14bの板面方向)とのなす角度θは、例えば、0[°]〜45[°]の間の角度となるようにするのが好ましい。この範囲であれば、超音波衝撃装置12により発生した超音波衝撃(機械的振動)を効率よく電極11aに伝えることができるからである。
Returning to the description of FIG. 1, the control device 13 individually supplies AC power to the electrodes 11 a and 11 b and the ultrasonic impact device 12. The control device 13 supplies AC power to each of the electrodes 11a and 11b and the ultrasonic impact device 12 according to a welding pattern set in advance by a user or the like. The control device 13 can be realized by using, for example, a device including a CPU, ROM, RAM, HDD, various interfaces, and an AC power supply.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a welding pattern. In the present embodiment, before the control device 13 operates, as shown in FIG. 1, the free vibration body (striking pin) 23 of the ultrasonic impact device 12 is kept pressed against the electrode 11a. Here, the angle θ between the direction of the axis 16 of the ultrasonic impact device 12 and the horizontal direction (the plate surface direction of the steel plates 14a and 14b) is, for example, an angle between 0 [°] to 45 [°]. It is preferable to do so. This is because the ultrasonic impact (mechanical vibration) generated by the ultrasonic impact device 12 can be efficiently transmitted to the electrode 11a within this range.

図3において、まず、時間t0になると、制御装置13は、電極11a、11bを駆動して、鋼板14a、14bを加圧し、時間t1で電極11a、11bが所定の加圧力で加圧されるようにする。
次に、時間t1になると、制御装置13は、電極11a、11bに値(大きさ)IAの溶接電流を流す。溶接電流の値IAは、鋼板14a、14bをスポット溶接するのに必要な値であり、鋼板14a、14bの材質・表面処理・厚み・枚数等に応じて、予めユーザによって設定される値である。そして、時間t1〜t2の間で、鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所(溶接継手となる箇所)が溶融し、ナゲット15が形成される。時間t1〜t2は、複数の鋼板14a、14bをスポット溶接するのに必要な期間であり、鋼板14a、14bの材質・表面処理・厚み・枚数等に応じて、予めユーザによって設定される期間である。
In FIG. 3, first, at time t 0 , the control device 13 drives the electrodes 11a and 11b to press the steel plates 14a and 14b, and presses the electrodes 11a and 11b with a predetermined pressure at time t 1. To be.
Next, at time t 1 , the control device 13 supplies a welding current having a value (size) I A to the electrodes 11a and 11b. The value I A of the welding current is a value necessary for spot welding the steel plate 14a, a 14b, steel 14a, 14b depending on the material and surface treatment, thickness and number of sheets of a value set by the user in advance is there. Then, between times t 1 ~t 2, steel plates 14a, welding planned portion of 14b (portion which becomes the welded joint) is melted, nugget 15 is formed. The times t 1 to t 2 are periods necessary for spot welding the plurality of steel plates 14a and 14b, and are set in advance by the user according to the material, surface treatment, thickness, number of sheets, etc. of the steel plates 14a and 14b. It is a period.

次に、時間t2になると、制御装置13は、超音波衝撃装置12に、超音波衝撃装置12の定格電力(交流電力)を供給する。すると、超音波衝撃装置12は、予めユーザ等によって設定された「振幅、周波数、パワー」に従った機械的振動(超音波衝撃)を電極11aに与える。これにより、機械的振動(超音波衝撃)が電極11aを介して鋼板14a、14bに伝わり、鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所を含む領域に機械的振動(超音波衝撃)が与えられる。また、制御装置13は、時間t2になると、電極11a、11bに流す溶接電流の値を値IAから、値IAよりも小さい値IBに変更する。通常のスポット溶接では、時間t2で溶接電流の値を0(ゼロ)にする。これに対し、本実施形態では、溶接電流の値を段階的に小さくするようにしている。これは、溶融した溶接予定箇所が急速に冷却され、急速に凝固することを防止するためである。すなわち、溶融した溶接予定箇所の凝固が開始する時間t2から、小さな値IBの溶接電流を電極11a、11b(鋼板14a、14b)に流すことによって、溶融した溶接予定箇所をゆっくりと凝固させ、溶接予定箇所が凝固している間に、機械的振動(超音波衝撃)を溶接予定箇所に確実に与えるようにするためである。溶接電流の値IB及び時間t2〜t3は、このような目的を達成できるように、鋼板14a、14bの材質・表面処理・厚み・枚数等に応じて、予めユーザによって設定される。 Next, at time t 2 , the control device 13 supplies the rated power (AC power) of the ultrasonic impact device 12 to the ultrasonic impact device 12. Then, the ultrasonic impact device 12 gives mechanical vibration (ultrasonic impact) according to “amplitude, frequency, power” set in advance by the user or the like to the electrode 11a. Thereby, mechanical vibration (ultrasonic shock) is transmitted to the steel plates 14a and 14b via the electrode 11a, and mechanical vibration (ultrasonic shock) is given to the region including the planned welding locations of the steel plates 14a and 14b. Further, the control unit 13, at the time t 2, the electrode 11a, the value of the welding current flowing from the value I A to 11b, to change to a smaller value I B than the value I A. In a typical spot welding, the value of the welding current at time t 2 to 0 (zero). On the other hand, in this embodiment, the value of the welding current is reduced stepwise. This is in order to prevent the molten welded portion from being rapidly cooled and rapidly solidified. That is, from the time t 2 to start solidification of the molten welding planned portion, the welding current to the electrode 11a of the small value I B, 11b (steel 14a, 14b) by flowing in, allowed to slowly solidify the molten welding planned portion This is because mechanical vibration (ultrasonic shock) is surely applied to the planned welding location while the planned welding location is solidified. The welding current value I B and the times t 2 to t 3 are set in advance by the user in accordance with the material, surface treatment, thickness, number of sheets, and the like of the steel plates 14a and 14b so as to achieve such a purpose.

次に、時間t4になると、制御装置13は、電極11a、11bを駆動して、鋼板14a、14bに対する加圧を止める。そして、制御装置13は、超音波衝撃装置12に供給している交流電力を遮断する。時間t3〜t4は、複数の鋼板14a、14bに対する加圧を保持する時間であり、鋼板14a、14bの材質・表面処理・厚み・枚数等に応じて、予めユーザによって設定される。
以上により、スポット溶接が完了し、複数の鋼板14a、14bに溶接継手15が形成される。
Next, at time t 4 , the control device 13 drives the electrodes 11a and 11b to stop pressurizing the steel plates 14a and 14b. Then, the control device 13 cuts off the AC power supplied to the ultrasonic impact device 12. Times t 3 to t 4 are times for holding the pressure applied to the plurality of steel plates 14a and 14b, and are set in advance by the user according to the material, surface treatment, thickness, number of sheets, and the like of the steel plates 14a and 14b.
By the above, spot welding is completed and the welded joint 15 is formed in the some steel plates 14a and 14b.

図4は、スポット溶接された溶接箇所の顕微鏡写真の一例を示す図である。
図4(a)は、本実施形態のように、2枚の鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所が溶融状態から凝固組織に移行しているときに、溶接予定箇所に対して超音波衝撃による機械的振動を与えた場合の溶接箇所の顕微鏡写真を示す図である。一方、図4(b)は、このような機械的振動を与えない場合の溶接箇所の顕微鏡写真を示す図である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a micrograph of a spot welded spot.
FIG. 4 (a) shows a machine by ultrasonic impact on the planned welding location when the planned welding location of the two steel plates 14a, 14b is shifted from the molten state to the solidified structure as in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the microscope picture of the welding location at the time of giving a dynamic vibration. On the other hand, FIG.4 (b) is a figure which shows the microscope picture of the welding location when not giving such a mechanical vibration.

具体的に、図4(a)は、引張強度が980[MPa]であり、厚みが1.2[mm]の2枚のDP鋼を重ね合わせたものに対し、溶接電流の値IAが5.0[kA]、時間t1〜t2が10[cycle]、溶接電流の値IBが4.0[kA]、時間t2〜t3が10[cycle]の条件でスポット溶接を行い、時間t3〜t4に相当する時間だけ加圧力を保持した結果を示すものである。ここでは、時間t0〜t4において、周波数=27[kHz]、振幅=25[μm]、出力=0.9[kW]、振動時間=65[cycle](=時間t0〜t4)、図1のθ=30[°]の条件で超音波衝撃による機械的振動を電極11aに与えた。
一方、図4(b)は、引張強度が980[MPa]であり、厚みが1.2[mm]の2枚のDP鋼を重ね合わせたものに対し、溶接電流の値IAが5.0[kA]、時間t1〜t2が10[cycle]の条件でスポット溶接を行い、時間t2で溶接電流の値を0(ゼロ)にし、時間t3〜t4に相当する時間だけ加圧力を保持した結果を示すものである。ここでは、超音波衝撃による機械的振動を電極11aに与えていない。
Specifically, FIG. 4 (a) is a tensile strength 980 [MPa], to which thickness superposed two DP steel 1.2 [mm], the value I A of the welding current is 5.0 [ kA], the time t 1 ~t 2 is 10 [cycle], the value I B of the welding current is 4.0 [kA], subjected to spot welding under the conditions of the time t 2 ~t 3 is 10 [cycle], the time t 3 ~ The result of holding the applied pressure for the time corresponding to t 4 is shown. Here, at time t 0 to t 4 , frequency = 27 [kHz], amplitude = 25 [μm], output = 0.9 [kW], vibration time = 65 [cycle] (= time t 0 to t 4 ), FIG. Mechanical vibration due to ultrasonic impact was applied to the electrode 11a under the condition of θ = 30 [°] of 1.
On the other hand, FIG. 4 (b) is a tensile strength 980 [MPa], to which thickness superposed two DP steel 1.2 [mm], the value I A of the welding current is 5.0 [kA] Spot welding is performed under the condition that the time t 1 to t 2 is 10 [cycle], the welding current value is set to 0 (zero) at the time t 2 , and the applied pressure is maintained for the time corresponding to the time t 3 to t 4. The results are shown. Here, mechanical vibration due to ultrasonic impact is not applied to the electrode 11a.

図4に示すように、本実施形態のようにして溶接予定箇所に対して超音波衝撃による機械的振動を与えると、溶接箇所のデンドライト成長が妨げられる。よって、溶接箇所の凝固組織は微細化し、細かい等軸状の組織となる。したがって、溶接箇所の組織が均質になり、微細化されることで、溶接箇所の強度を向上させることができる。すなわち、溶接箇所の凝固組織が細かい等軸状の組織となり、最終的な材料組織も微細化され、溶接箇所に初期き裂が入りにくくなる。よって、溶接継手の引張強度を向上させることができる。特に、図4に示したように、引張強度が980[MPa]のような高張力鋼板において以上のような傾向が高くなる。一方、溶接予定箇所に対して超音波衝撃による機械的振動を与えないと、溶接箇所の凝固組織が成長することにより、溶接箇所の凝固組織は斑で方向性を有し、柱状組織になる。したがって、溶接箇所の強度を十分に向上させることができない。   As shown in FIG. 4, when mechanical vibration due to ultrasonic impact is applied to the planned welding location as in the present embodiment, dendrite growth at the welding location is hindered. Therefore, the solidification structure of the welded portion is refined and becomes a fine equiaxed structure. Therefore, the structure of the welded portion becomes uniform and is refined, whereby the strength of the welded portion can be improved. That is, the solidified structure of the welded portion becomes a fine equiaxed structure, the final material structure is also refined, and the initial crack is less likely to enter the welded portion. Therefore, the tensile strength of the welded joint can be improved. In particular, as shown in FIG. 4, the above tendency becomes high in a high-tensile steel sheet having a tensile strength of 980 [MPa]. On the other hand, if mechanical vibration due to ultrasonic impact is not applied to the planned welding location, the solidified structure of the welded portion grows, and the solidified structure of the welded portion has spots and becomes a columnar structure. Therefore, the strength of the welded portion cannot be sufficiently improved.

以上のように本実施形態では、鋼板14a、14bをスポット溶接する際に、値IAの溶接電流を流して、鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所を溶融させた後、少なくとも当該溶接予定箇所が溶融状態から凝固組織に移行するときに、当該溶接予定箇所に対して超音波衝撃による機械的振動を与えて当該溶接箇所の組織を微細化するようにした。よって、従来の手法に比べ、溶接箇所のデンドライト状だった凝固組織が細かい等軸状の組織となる。よって、溶接箇所の組織が均質になり、微細化されることで、溶接継手の強度を溶接後の後処理を行うことなく向上させることができる。 In this embodiment as described above, the steel plate 14a, and 14b at the time of spot welding, by applying a welding current value I A, after the steel sheet 14a, the welding planned portion of 14b is melted, at least the welding planned portion When transitioning from the molten state to the solidified structure, the welded portion was subjected to mechanical vibration by ultrasonic shock to refine the structure of the welded portion. Therefore, compared with the conventional method, the solidified structure which is a dendrite shape of the welded portion becomes a fine equiaxed structure. Therefore, the structure of the welded portion becomes uniform and refined, so that the strength of the welded joint can be improved without performing post-treatment after welding.

尚、本実施形態では、鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所を含む領域に機械的振動(超音波衝撃)が与えられる期間を時間t2〜t4の間にした場合を例に挙げて説明した。しかしながら、鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所を含む領域に機械的振動(超音波衝撃)を与える期間は、当該溶接予定箇所が溶融状態から凝固組織に移行する期間を含んでいれば、どのような期間であってもよい。特に、鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所を含む領域に機械的振動(超音波衝撃)を与える期間は、当該溶接予定箇所が凝固を開始する時間t2を含んでいるのが好ましい。例えば、制御装置13は、時間t0又はt1になると、超音波衝撃装置12に、超音波衝撃装置12の定格電力(交流電力)を供給するようにしてもよい。また、制御装置13は、超音波衝撃装置12に供給している交流電力を遮断するタイミングを、例えば時間t3にしてもよい。 In the present embodiment was described taking a case in which between steel plates 14a, a period in which the mechanical vibration (ultrasonic impact) is applied to the region including the welding planned portion of 14b of time t 2 ~t 4 Examples . However, the period during which the mechanical vibration (ultrasonic shock) is applied to the region including the planned welding location of the steel plates 14a and 14b is not limited as long as the planned welding location includes a period during which the welding planned location shifts from the molten state to the solidified structure. It may be a period. In particular, the steel plate 14a, the period of giving the region including the welding planned portion of 14b mechanical vibrations (the ultrasound shock) is the the welding planned portion contains time t 2 to initiate clotting is preferred. For example, the control device 13 may supply the ultrasonic impact device 12 with the rated power (AC power) of the ultrasonic impact device 12 at time t 0 or t 1 . Further, the control unit 13, the timing for blocking the AC power supplied to the ultrasonic impact device 12, for example may be time t 3.

また、本実施形態では、電極11aに超音波衝撃装置12を押し付けて電極11aが機械的振動(超音波振動)を起こすようにしたが、機械的振動(超音波振動)を起こすための構成は、このようなものに限定されるものではない。例えば、電極11a、11bの少なくとも何れか一方に超音波振動子を取り付けて、電極11a、11bが機械的振動(超音波振動)を起こすようにしてもよい。
また、本実施形態では、複数の鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所を含む領域に与える機械的振動が、超音波衝撃を与えることによる振動である場合を例に挙げて説明した。しかしながら、この機械的振動は、溶接箇所の組織を微細化するのに必要な「振幅・周波数・パワー」を有していれば、必ずしも、超音波衝撃を与えることによる振動であるである必要はない。例えば、前述した周波数よりも低い周波数の機械的振動を与えるようにしてもよい。
また、本実施形態では、複数の鋼板14a、14bをスポット溶接するのに必要な値IAの溶接電流を、時間t1〜t2だけ流した後、値IAよりも小さい値IBの溶接電流を時間t2〜t3だけ流すようにした。しかしながら、必ずしもこのようにする必要はなく、溶接電流を多段階に分けて徐々に低減させるようにしてもよい。また、溶接電流の値を、図3のようにステップ状に低減させるのではなく、滑らかに低減させるようにしてもよい。さらに、溶接予定箇所が凝固するのに要する時間は短くなるが、必ずしも値IBの溶接電流を流す必要はない。このようにする場合には、少なくとも、値IAの溶接電流を0(ゼロ)にした後に、鋼板14a、14bの溶接予定箇所を含む領域に機械的振動(超音波衝撃)が与えられているようにする。
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic impact device 12 is pressed against the electrode 11a to cause the electrode 11a to generate mechanical vibration (ultrasonic vibration). However, the configuration for causing mechanical vibration (ultrasonic vibration) is as follows. It is not limited to such a thing. For example, an ultrasonic vibrator may be attached to at least one of the electrodes 11a and 11b so that the electrodes 11a and 11b cause mechanical vibration (ultrasonic vibration).
Moreover, in this embodiment, the case where the mechanical vibration given to the area | region containing the welding planned location of the some steel plates 14a and 14b was mentioned as an example, and it was the vibration by giving an ultrasonic impact. However, if this mechanical vibration has the “amplitude, frequency, and power” necessary to refine the structure of the welded part, it is not necessarily a vibration caused by applying an ultrasonic impact. Absent. For example, mechanical vibration having a frequency lower than the above-described frequency may be applied.
Further, in the present embodiment, a plurality of steel plates 14a, the welding current value I A required to spot welding 14b, after flowing by time t 1 ~t 2, a small value I B than the value I A The welding current was allowed to flow for the time t 2 to t 3 . However, this is not always necessary, and the welding current may be gradually reduced in multiple stages. Further, the value of the welding current may be reduced smoothly instead of stepwise as shown in FIG. Further, although the time welding planned portion is required to coagulate is reduced, it is not always necessary to flow a welding current value I B. When this way, at least, the welding current value I A after 0 (zero), mechanical vibration in a region including the steel plate 14a, 14b welding planned portion of (ultrasonic impact) is applied Like that.

また、本実施形態では、1つの制御装置13によって、電極11a、11bに通電する溶接電流と、超音波衝撃装置12に与える電力とを個別に制御する場合を例に挙げて説明した。しかしながら、これらを別々の装置で制御するようにしてもよい。また、電極11a、11bに通電する溶接電流と、超音波衝撃装置12に与える電力との少なくとも何れか一方を、ユーザによる指示に従って与えるようにしてもよい。さらに、電極11a、11bに通電する溶接電流の値を、ユーザによる指示に従って変更するようにしてもよい。
また、スポット溶接を行うことができるものであれば、スポット溶接を行う対象は鋼板以外の金属板であってもよい。
Moreover, in this embodiment, the case where the welding current supplied to the electrodes 11a and 11b and the power applied to the ultrasonic impact device 12 were individually controlled by one control device 13 was described as an example. However, these may be controlled by separate devices. Moreover, you may make it provide at least any one of the welding current which supplies with electricity to the electrodes 11a and 11b, and the electric power given to the ultrasonic impact apparatus 12 according to the instruction | indication by a user. Furthermore, you may make it change the value of the welding current supplied with electricity to the electrodes 11a and 11b according to a user's instruction | indication.
In addition, as long as spot welding can be performed, the target for spot welding may be a metal plate other than a steel plate.

(第2の実施形態)
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態について説明する。前述した第1の実施形態では、超音波衝撃による機械的振動を電極11aに対して与え、この電極11aに与えられた機械的振動を鋼板14a、14bに伝えるようにした場合を例に挙げて説明した。これに対し、本実施形態では、超音波衝撃による機械的振動を鋼板14a、14bに対して直接与える場合について説明する。このように、本実施形態と第1の実施形態とは、超音波衝撃装置12が超音波衝撃による機械的振動を与える場所が異なるだけであるので、本実施形態の説明において、第1の実施形態と同一の部分については、図1〜4に付した符号と同一の符号を付す等して詳細な説明を省略する。
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the first embodiment described above, as an example, mechanical vibration due to ultrasonic impact is applied to the electrode 11a, and the mechanical vibration applied to the electrode 11a is transmitted to the steel plates 14a and 14b. explained. On the other hand, this embodiment demonstrates the case where the mechanical vibration by an ultrasonic impact is given directly with respect to the steel plates 14a and 14b. As described above, the present embodiment and the first embodiment are different only in the place where the ultrasonic impact device 12 applies mechanical vibration due to the ultrasonic impact. Therefore, in the description of the present embodiment, the first implementation is performed. About the part same as a form, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted by attaching | subjecting the code | symbol same as the code | symbol attached | subjected to FIGS.

図5は、スポット溶接装置の構成の一例を示す図である。図5において、スポット溶接装置は、図1に示したものと同様に、電極11a、11bと、超音波衝撃装置12と、制御装置13とを有している。図1に示したものと異なる点は、超音波衝撃装置12を配置する位置である。
本実施形態では、図5に示すように、超音波衝撃装置12の軸16の方向と、板面が相互に重なるように重ねられた2枚の鋼板51a、51bの板面方向とが平行になるようにして、複数の鋼板51a、51bの境界に自由振動体(打撃ピン)23の先端を押し付けた状態で、超音波衝撃装置12から複数の鋼板51a、51bに超音波衝撃による機械的振動を与えるようにしている。
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the spot welding apparatus. In FIG. 5, the spot welding apparatus has electrodes 11 a and 11 b, an ultrasonic impact device 12, and a control device 13, as in the case shown in FIG. 1. A different point from what was shown in FIG. 1 is the position which arrange | positions the ultrasonic impact apparatus 12. FIG.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the direction of the axis 16 of the ultrasonic impact device 12 and the plate surface directions of the two steel plates 51 a and 51 b stacked so that the plate surfaces overlap each other are parallel to each other. Thus, mechanical vibration due to ultrasonic impact is applied from the ultrasonic impact device 12 to the plurality of steel plates 51a and 51b in a state where the tip of the free vibration body (striking pin) 23 is pressed against the boundary between the plurality of steel plates 51a and 51b. Like to give.

このようにした場合、鋼板51a、51bの境界のうち、少なくとも、鋼板51a、51bの「自由振動体(打撃ピン)23が当たる領域」については、図5に示すようにして窪み52が形成されるようにするのが好ましい。自由振動体(打撃ピン)23の位置が機械的振動によってずれてしまうことを防止できるからである。
以上のようにしても第1の実施形態と同一の効果を得ることができる。また、本実施形態においても、第1の実施形態で説明した種々の変形例を採用することができる。
In such a case, in at least the “region where the free vibration body (striking pin) 23 hits” of the steel plates 51a and 51b in the boundary between the steel plates 51a and 51b, a recess 52 is formed as shown in FIG. It is preferable to do so. This is because the position of the free vibration body (striking pin) 23 can be prevented from being shifted due to mechanical vibration.
Even if it does as mentioned above, the same effect as a 1st embodiment can be acquired. Also in the present embodiment, various modifications described in the first embodiment can be employed.

(実施例)
次に、実施例について説明する。図6は、本発明の実施例と比較例とを表形式で示した図である。
ここでは、以下の被溶接材に対してTSS(Tensile Shear Strength)試験を行った。
(1) 被溶接材1(270MPa級軟鋼);引張強度が270[MPa]、厚みが1.0[mm]の軟鋼を2枚重ねたもの
(2) 被圧延材2(590MPa級DP鋼);引張強度が590[MPa]、厚みが1.0[mm]のDP鋼を2枚重ねたもの
(3) 被圧延材3(980MPa級DP鋼);引張強度が980[MPa]、厚みが1.0[mm]のDP鋼を2枚重ねたもの
被溶接材1〜3のそれぞれを、8つずつ用意した。
(Example)
Next, examples will be described. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the present invention and a comparative example in a table format.
Here, a TSS (Tensile Shear Strength) test was performed on the following welded materials.
(1) Material to be welded 1 (270 MPa class mild steel); Two layers of mild steel with tensile strength of 270 [MPa] and thickness of 1.0 [mm] (2) Material to be rolled 2 (590 MPa class DP steel); Tensile Two layers of DP steel with a strength of 590 [MPa] and a thickness of 1.0 [mm] (3) Rolled material 3 (980 MPa class DP steel); Tensile strength of 980 [MPa] and thickness of 1.0 [mm] 8 pieces of each of the materials to be welded 1 to 3 were prepared.

また、以下の条件でTSS(Tensile Shear Strength)試験を行った。
(1) 加圧力;250[kgf]
(2) 電極;DR型・先端φ6R40・Cr-Cu製
(3) 初期加圧時間(時間t0〜t1);25[cycle]
(4) 保持加圧時間(時間t3〜t4);10[cycle]
Further, a TSS (Tensile Shear Strength) test was performed under the following conditions.
(1) Applied pressure: 250 [kgf]
(2) Electrode: DR type, tip φ6R40, made of Cr-Cu (3) Initial pressurization time (time t 0 to t 1 ); 25 [cycle]
(4) Holding pressurization time (time t 3 to t 4 ); 10 [cycle]

(5) 通電条件;
<実施例>
・270MPa級軟鋼
7.6[kA](=IA)・10[cycle](=時間t1〜t2)→6.1[kA](=IB)・10[cycle](=時間t2〜t3
・590MPa級DP鋼
5.7[kA](=IA)・10[cycle](=時間t1〜t2)→4.6[kA](=IB)・10[cycle](=時間t2〜t3
・980MPa級DP鋼
5.0[kA](=IA)・10[cycle](=時間t1〜t2)→4.0[kA](=IB)・10[cycle](=時間t2〜t3
(5) Energization conditions;
<Example>
・ 270MPa grade mild steel
7.6 [kA] (= I A ) · 10 [cycle] (= time t 1 to t 2 ) → 6.1 [kA] (= I B ) · 10 [cycle] (= time t 2 to t 3 )
・ 590MPa class DP steel
5.7 [kA] (= I A ) · 10 [cycle] (= time t 1 to t 2 ) → 4.6 [kA] (= I B ) · 10 [cycle] (= time t 2 to t 3 )
・ 980MPa DP steel
5.0 [kA] (= I A ) · 10 [cycle] (= time t 1 to t 2 ) → 4.0 [kA] (= I B ) · 10 [cycle] (= time t 2 to t 3 )

<比較例>
・270MPa級軟鋼
7.6[kA](=IA)・10[cycle](=時間t1〜t2
・590MPa級DP鋼
5.7[kA](=IA)・10[cycle](=時間t1〜t2
・980MPa級DP鋼
5.0[kA](=IA)・10[cycle](=時間t1〜t2
<Comparative example>
・ 270MPa grade mild steel
7.6 [kA] (= I A ) · 10 [cycle] (= time t 1 to t 2 )
・ 590MPa class DP steel
5.7 [kA] (= I A ) · 10 [cycle] (= time t 1 to t 2 )
・ 980MPa DP steel
5.0 [kA] (= I A ) · 10 [cycle] (= time t 1 to t 2 )

(6) 超音波衝撃
<実施例>
超音波衝撃装置(Applied Ultrasonics社製 UIT装置);自由振動体(打撃ピン)の径=3[mm]、周波数=27[kHz]、振幅=25[μm]、出力=0.9[kW]、振動時間=65[cycle](=時間t0〜t4)、図1のθ=30[°]
<比較例>
なし
(6) Ultrasonic impact <Example>
Ultrasonic impact device (UIT device manufactured by Applied Ultrasonics); free vibration body (striking pin) diameter = 3 [mm], frequency = 27 [kHz], amplitude = 25 [μm], output = 0.9 [kW], vibration Time = 65 [cycle] (= time t 0 to t 4 ), θ = 30 [°] in FIG.
<Comparative example>
None

図6において、TSSの値は、各被溶接材についての4回のTSS試験の結果(溶接継手のせん断引張強度)の平均値である。
図6に示すように、引張強度が270[MPa]の被溶接材(鋼板)については、溶接継手の「せん断引張強度・破断形態」の観点からでは、実施例と比較例との間で明りょうな差異は見られなかった。これに対し、引張強度が上がるにつれて(590[MPa]、980[MPa])、実施例の方が比較例よりも、溶接継手のせん断引張強度が大きくなる傾向が得られた。また、引張強度が980[MPa]のDP鋼では、4つのうち1つで溶接継手の破断形態がプラグ破断となった。したがって、溶接継手のせん断引張強度や破断形態の観点からでは、引張強度が590[MPa]以上の鋼板に、各実施形態で説明した手法を適用するのが望ましく、980[MPa]以上の鋼板に、各実施形態で説明した手法を適用するのがより望ましいことが分かる。
In FIG. 6, the value of TSS is an average value of the results of four TSS tests (shear tensile strength of welded joints) for each material to be welded.
As shown in FIG. 6, with respect to the material to be welded (steel plate) having a tensile strength of 270 [MPa], from the viewpoint of the “shear tensile strength / rupture mode” of the welded joint, it is clear between the example and the comparative example. There was no significant difference. On the other hand, as the tensile strength increased (590 [MPa], 980 [MPa]), there was a tendency that the shear tensile strength of the welded joint in the example was larger than that in the comparative example. Moreover, in DP steel with a tensile strength of 980 [MPa], the fracture form of the weld joint was plug fracture in one of the four. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the shear tensile strength and fracture mode of the welded joint, it is desirable to apply the method described in each embodiment to a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 590 [MPa] or higher, and to a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 980 [MPa] or higher. It can be seen that it is more desirable to apply the method described in each embodiment.

尚、以上説明した本発明の実施形態は、何れも本発明を実施するにあたっての具体化の例を示したものに過ぎず、これらによって本発明の技術的範囲が限定的に解釈されてはならないものである。すなわち、本発明はその技術思想、またはその主要な特徴から逸脱することなく、様々な形で実施することができる。   It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention described above are merely examples of implementation in carrying out the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. Is. That is, the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the technical idea or the main features thereof.

11 電極
12 超音波衝撃装置
13 制御装置
14 鋼板
15 ナゲット
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Electrode 12 Ultrasonic impact apparatus 13 Control apparatus 14 Steel plate 15 Nugget

Claims (4)

金属板を重ねてスポット溶接するスポット溶接方法であって、
前記金属板を介して上下で対向する一対の電極の通電を制御して、当該金属板の溶接予定箇所を溶融及び凝固させて溶接継手を形成する過程のうち、少なくとも当該溶接予定箇所が溶融状態から凝固組織に移行しているときに、当該溶接予定箇所に対して機械的振動を与えて、当該溶接予定箇所の組織を微細化することを特徴とするスポット溶接方法。
A spot welding method in which metal plates are stacked and spot welded,
Controlling energization of a pair of electrodes facing each other up and down through the metal plate, and melting and solidifying the planned welding location of the metal plate to form a welded joint, at least the planned welding location is in a molten state A spot welding method characterized in that when moving from a solidified structure to a solidified structure, mechanical vibration is applied to the planned welding location to refine the microstructure of the planned welding location.
第1の値を有する電流を前記電極に流して、前記金属板の溶接予定箇所を溶融させた後、前記第1の値よりも値が小さい第2の値を有する電流を前記電極に流して、当該溶接予定箇所を凝固させる過程のうち、少なくとも前記第2の値を有する電流を前記電極に流しているときに、当該溶接予定箇所に対して機械的振動を与えて、当該溶接予定箇所の組織を微細化することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスポット溶接方法。   A current having a first value is caused to flow through the electrode to melt a welded portion of the metal plate, and then a current having a second value smaller than the first value is caused to flow through the electrode. In the process of solidifying the planned welding location, when a current having at least the second value is applied to the electrode, mechanical vibration is applied to the planned welding location, The spot welding method according to claim 1, wherein the structure is refined. 少なくとも前記溶接予定箇所に対して超音波衝撃を与えることにより、当該溶接予定箇所に対して機械的振動を与えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のスポット溶接方法。   3. The spot welding method according to claim 1, wherein mechanical vibration is applied to the planned welding location by applying an ultrasonic impact to at least the planned welding location. 4. 請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載のスポット溶接方法を用いて形成されたことを特徴とするスポット溶接継手。   A spot welded joint formed using the spot welding method according to claim 1.
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