JP2011186465A - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2011186465A JP2011186465A JP2011048930A JP2011048930A JP2011186465A JP 2011186465 A JP2011186465 A JP 2011186465A JP 2011048930 A JP2011048930 A JP 2011048930A JP 2011048930 A JP2011048930 A JP 2011048930A JP 2011186465 A JP2011186465 A JP 2011186465A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- current
- transistor
- circuit
- current source
- terminal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 61
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 51
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100182248 Caenorhabditis elegans lat-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
- G09G3/3283—Details of drivers for data electrodes in which the data driver supplies a variable data current for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
- G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
- G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
- G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
- G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
- G09G2300/0861—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor with additional control of the display period without amending the charge stored in a pixel memory, e.g. by means of additional select electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
- G09G2310/027—Details of drivers for data electrodes, the drivers handling digital grey scale data, e.g. use of D/A converters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0233—Improving the luminance or brightness uniformity across the screen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
- G09G3/3241—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver, e.g. by using a two-transistor current mirror
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
- G09G3/3241—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver, e.g. by using a two-transistor current mirror
- G09G3/325—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver, e.g. by using a two-transistor current mirror the data current flowing through the driving transistor during a setting phase, e.g. by using a switch for connecting the driving transistor to the data driver
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】増幅回路を使ったフィードバック回路を用いて、電流源回路から電流Idataをトランジスタに入力して、トランジスタが電流Idataを流すのに必要なゲート・ソース間電圧(ソース電位)を設定する構成とすることにより、フィードバック回路で、トランジスタのドレイン電位が所定の電位になるように動作するように制御し、電流Idataを流すのに必要なゲート電圧が設定されたトランジスタを用いて正確な電流を負荷(EL画素や信号線)に供給し、さらにドレイン電位を制御してキンク効果の影響を低減する。
【選択図】図27
Description
本発明は、発光素子に流れる電流値によって発光輝度を制御することが可能な素子で画素を形成する。代表的にはEL素子を適用することができる。EL素子の構成としては種々知られたものがあるが、電流値により発光輝度を制御可能なものであれば、どのような素子構造であっても本発明に適用することができる。すなわち、発光層、電荷輸送層または電荷注入層を自由に組み合わせてEL素子を形成するものであり、そのための材料として、低分子系有機材料、中分子系有機材料(昇華性を有さず、かつ、分子数が20以下または連鎖する分子の長さが10μm以下の有機発光材料)や高分子系有機材料を用いることができる。また、これらに無機材料を混合または分散させたものを用いても良い。
実施の形態2では、図1〜図3において用いた増幅回路の例を示す。
本発明は、電流源回路から電流Idataを流して、電流源トランジスタが電流Idataを流すことが出来るように設定する。そして、設定された電流源トランジスタを電流源回路として動作させ、様々な負荷に電流を供給するものである。そこで、本実施の形態では、負荷と電流源トランジスタとの接続構成や、負荷に電流を供給する時のトランジスタの構成などについて述べる。
本実施の形態では、電流源トランジスタなどが複数ある場合の構成について示す。
本実施の形態では、表示素子を有する画素に適用した場合の例を示す。
本実施の形態では、オペアンプなどのような増幅回路の入力端子のいずれか1つの端子への電位の供給方法について述べる。
本実施の形態は、実施の形態6で示す構成の好適な具体例を示す。
本実施の形態では、表示装置、および、信号線駆動回路などの構成とその動作について、説明する。信号線駆動回路の一部や画素に、本発明の回路を適用することができる。
本発明は電子機器の表示部を構成する回路に用いることができる。そのような電子機器として、ビデオカメラ、デジタルカメラ、ゴーグル型ディスプレイ(ヘッドマウントディスプレイ)、ナビゲーションシステム、音響再生装置(カーオーディオ、オーディオコンポ等)、コンピュータ、ゲーム機器、携帯情報端末(モバイルコンピュータ、携帯電話、携帯型ゲーム機または電子書籍等)、記録媒体を備えた画像再生装置(具体的にはDigital Versatile Disc(DVD)等の記録媒体を再生し、その画像を表示しうるディスプレイを備えた装置)などが挙げられる。それらの電子機器の具体例を図60に示す。つまり、これらの表示部を構成する画素や、画素を駆動する信号線駆動回路等に本発明を適用することができる。
102、102a、102b、202、302 電流源トランジスタ
103、203、610 保持容量
103a、103b、203a 容量素子
104、105、106、204、205、206、905、905a、905b、1605、1805、2005 配線
107、207 増幅回路
108、208 第1入力端子
109、209 出力端子
110、210 第2入力端子
407、507 オペアンプ
601 ソース信号線
602 第1のゲート信号線
603 第2のゲート信号線
604 第3のゲート信号線
605 電流供給線
606、607、608、609 TFT
611 EL素子
612 信号電流入力用電流源
901、901a、901b、901aa、901bb、901ca、901da 負荷
902、902a、902b、903、903a、903b、904、904a、904b、1801、1901、2002、2003、2501aa、2501ab、2501ba、2501bb、2502aa、2502ab、2502ba、2502bb、2601ca、2601cb、2601da、2601db、2602ca、2602cb、2602da、2602db、2603ca、2603cb、2603da、2603db、2904 スイッチ
1602、4402 カレントトランジスタ
1702 マルチトランジスタ
1802 並列トランジスタ
1902 直列トランジスタ
2101 回路
2401、2401a、2401b リソース回路
2402、2402a、2402b 電流線
2403、2403a、2403b 電圧線
2404a、2404b、2404aa、2404ab、2404ba、2404bb、2404ca、2404cb、2404da、2404db ユニット回路
2604c、2604d、2907、2908、2909、3304、3305、3504、3505、4205、4705、4706 配線
2901、3301、3501 電流源回路
2902、3601、4204、4304、4403、4404、4704、5403a、5403b、5403c スイッチ
2903、4703 容量素子
2905 信号線
2906 選択ゲート線
3302、3402、3502、5201、5401a、5401b、5401c トランジスタ
3303、3403、3503、5202 ゲート端子
3310、3410、3510、5402a、5402b、5402c 端子
4007 増幅回路
5501 画素配列
5502 ゲート線駆動回路
5503 シフトレジスタ
5504 LAT1
5505 LAT2
5506 デジタル・アナログ変換回路
5508 ビデオ信号線
5509 ラッチ制御線
5510 信号線駆動回路
5514 リファレンス用電流源回路
5701 画素配列
5705 LAT2
5706 デジタル・アナログ変換回路
5714 リファレンス用電流源回路
6201、6201a、6201b、6202a、6202c、6203a、6203c 電圧電流特性
6204 動作点
6205a 交点
6205b 動作点
6205c 交点
6206 動作点
6207a、6207b、6207c 交点
6401 電流源回路
6403 スイッチ
6405 配線
13001 筐体
13002 支持台
13003 表示部
13004 スピーカー部
13005 ビデオ入力端子
13101 本体
13102 表示部
13103 受像部
13104 操作キー
13105 外部接続ポート
13106 シャッター
13201 本体
13202 筐体
13203 表示部
13204 キーボード
13205 外部接続ポート
13206 ポインティングマウス
13301 本体
13302 表示部
13303 スイッチ
13304 操作キー
13305 赤外線ポート
13401 本体
13402 筐体
13403 表示部A
13404 表示部B
13405 記録媒体読み込み部
13406 操作キー
13407 スピーカー部
13501 本体
13502 表示部
13503 アーム部
13601 本体
13602 表示部
13603 筐体
13604 外部接続ポート
13605 リモコン受信部
13606 受像部
13607 バッテリー
13608 音声入力部
13609 操作キー
13701 本体
13702 筐体
13703 表示部
13704 音声入力部
13705 音声出力部
13706 操作キー
13707 外部接続ポート
13708 アンテナ
Claims (7)
- 第1の端子及び第2の端子を有する第1のトランジスタと、
第1の端子及び第2の端子を有する第2のトランジスタと、
ゲート、第1の端子、及び第2の端子を有する第3のトランジスタと、
第1の入力端子、第2の入力端子、及び出力端子を有する増幅回路と、
電流源回路と、を有し、
前記第1のトランジスタの前記第1の端子は、前記増幅回路の前記第1の入力端子及び前記電流源回路と電気的に接続し、
前記第1のトランジスタの前記第2の端子は、前記第3のトランジスタの前記第1の端子と電気的に接続し、
前記第2のトランジスタの前記第1の端子は、前記増幅回路の前記出力端子と電気的に接続し、
前記第2のトランジスタの前記第2の端子は、前記第3のトランジスタの前記ゲートと電気的に接続することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 第1の端子及び第2の端子を有する第1のトランジスタと、
第1の端子及び第2の端子を有する第2のトランジスタと、
ゲート、第1の端子、及び第2の端子を有する第3のトランジスタと、
第1の端子及び第2の端子を有する第4のトランジスタと、
第1の入力端子、第2の入力端子、及び出力端子を有する増幅回路と、
電流源回路と、を有し、
前記第1のトランジスタの前記第1の端子は、前記増幅回路の前記第1の入力端子及び前記電流源回路と電気的に接続し、
前記第1のトランジスタの前記第2の端子は、前記第3のトランジスタの前記第1の端子及び前記第4のトランジスタの前記第1の端子と電気的に接続し、
前記第2のトランジスタの前記第1の端子は、前記増幅回路の前記出力端子と電気的に接続し、
前記第2のトランジスタの前記第2の端子は、前記第3のトランジスタの前記ゲートと電気的に接続することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項2において、前記第4のトランジスタの前記第2の端子は、負荷に電気的に接続していることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項3において、前記負荷は、信号線と前記信号線に接続された画素、抵抗素子、トランジスタ、EL素子、発光素子、トランジスタと容量とスイッチとで構成された電流源回路、回路が接続された配線、または信号線であることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、前記増幅回路の前記第2の入力端子は、第1の配線に電気的に接続していることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、前記第3のトランジスタの前記第2の端子は、第2の配線に電気的に接続していることを特徴とする半導体装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
第1の端子及び第2の端子を有する容量素子を有し、
前記容量素子の前記第1の端子は、前記第2のトランジスタの前記第2の端子と前記第3のトランジスタの前記ゲートに電気的に接続し、
前記容量素子の前記第2の端子は、第3の配線に電気的に接続していることを特徴とする半導体装置。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011048930A JP5178863B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2011-03-07 | 半導体装置および電子機器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003162749 | 2003-06-06 | ||
| JP2003162749 | 2003-06-06 | ||
| JP2011048930A JP5178863B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2011-03-07 | 半導体装置および電子機器 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004569243A Division JP4727232B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-05-28 | 半導体装置 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2011186465A true JP2011186465A (ja) | 2011-09-22 |
| JP5178863B2 JP5178863B2 (ja) | 2013-04-10 |
Family
ID=33508677
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004569243A Expired - Fee Related JP4727232B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-05-28 | 半導体装置 |
| JP2011048930A Expired - Fee Related JP5178863B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2011-03-07 | 半導体装置および電子機器 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004569243A Expired - Fee Related JP4727232B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-05-28 | 半導体装置 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7852330B2 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP4727232B2 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN102201196B (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI442554B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004109638A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014202778A (ja) * | 2013-04-01 | 2014-10-27 | ソニー株式会社 | 表示装置 |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4884671B2 (ja) | 2003-05-14 | 2012-02-29 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
| JP4727232B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2011-07-20 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
| US7608861B2 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2009-10-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Active matrix type display having two transistors of opposite conductivity acting as a single switch for the driving transistor of a display element |
| FR2878651B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-01 | 2007-06-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Detecteur de neutrons a semi-conducteur |
| CA2496642A1 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-10 | Ignis Innovation Inc. | Fast settling time driving method for organic light-emitting diode (oled) displays based on current programming |
| TWI424408B (zh) * | 2005-08-12 | 2014-01-21 | 半導體能源研究所股份有限公司 | 半導體裝置,和安裝有該半導體裝置的顯示裝置和電子裝置 |
| EP1793367A3 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2009-08-26 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device |
| JP2007179040A (ja) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-07-12 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 半導体装置 |
| US7858918B2 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2010-12-28 | Ludwig Lester F | Molecular transistor circuits compatible with carbon nanotube sensors and transducers |
| US7838809B2 (en) | 2007-02-17 | 2010-11-23 | Ludwig Lester F | Nanoelectronic differential amplifiers and related circuits having carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbons, or other related materials |
| JP5575777B2 (ja) | 2008-09-30 | 2014-08-20 | ディファイン, インコーポレイテッド | 椎骨骨折の治療に使用するシステム |
| KR101532268B1 (ko) * | 2008-12-18 | 2015-07-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 디지털-아날로그 변환기, 이를 포함하는 소스 구동회로, 및소스 구동회로를 포함하는 표시 장치 |
| CN102958456B (zh) | 2010-04-29 | 2015-12-16 | Dfine有限公司 | 用于治疗椎骨骨折的系统 |
| US9526507B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2016-12-27 | Dfine, Inc. | System for use in treatment of vertebral fractures |
| CN106108972B (zh) | 2010-04-29 | 2019-08-02 | Dfine有限公司 | 用于治疗椎骨骨折的系统 |
| US9385661B1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-07-05 | Realtek Semiconductor Corp. | Amplifier with deterministic noise cancellation and method thereof |
| CN106411303A (zh) * | 2016-09-16 | 2017-02-15 | 天津大学 | 一种适用于集成电路中的防漏电mos开关结构 |
| US10333393B2 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-06-25 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Embedded charge pump voltage regulator |
| US10478241B2 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2019-11-19 | Merit Medical Systems, Inc. | Articulating osteotome with cement delivery channel |
| EP4566556A3 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2025-09-03 | Dfine, Inc. | Tumor ablation devices and related methods |
| US10470781B2 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2019-11-12 | Dfine, Inc. | Medical devices for treating hard tissues and related methods |
| EP3565486B1 (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2021-11-10 | Dfine, Inc. | Osteotome with a distal portion for simultaneous advancement and articulation |
| CN110690820B (zh) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-06-08 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种用于Buck电路的上管栅源电压采样电路 |
| CN112614826B (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2024-11-05 | 北京交通大学 | 双栅型功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管及其驱动电路 |
| WO2022270300A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-29 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 表示装置 |
| US20230068451A1 (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Methods and apparatus to thermally actuate microelectromechanical structures devices |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04246909A (ja) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-09-02 | Nec Corp | 半導体装置 |
| JPH0685179A (ja) * | 1991-10-23 | 1994-03-25 | Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> | ラッチアップ保護回路、調整/保護組み合わせ回路及びオンチップラッチアップ保護回路 |
| JP2000081920A (ja) * | 1998-09-07 | 2000-03-21 | Canon Inc | 電流出力回路 |
| JP2002111462A (ja) * | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-12 | Kunihiro Asada | 電流制御型半導体素子用駆動回路 |
| WO2002073912A2 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2002-09-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Line driver with slew-rate control |
| JP2004522344A (ja) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-07-22 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 電流源出力とrf信号に対する高い免疫性とを有するラインドライバ |
Family Cites Families (60)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1072714B (de) | 1958-02-13 | 1960-01-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa. (V. St. A.) | Stromversorgungsschutzschaltung |
| US3231812A (en) | 1961-02-10 | 1966-01-25 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Electric circuits for controlling the supply of electric current to a load |
| US3244965A (en) | 1962-04-09 | 1966-04-05 | Gen Electric | Phase controlled alternating current circuits |
| US4742292A (en) | 1987-03-06 | 1988-05-03 | International Business Machines Corp. | CMOS Precision voltage reference generator |
| US5604417A (en) | 1991-12-19 | 1997-02-18 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Semiconductor integrated circuit device |
| ES2112895T3 (es) * | 1992-06-16 | 1998-04-16 | Sgs Thomson Microelectronics | Circuito para controlar la corriente maxima en un transistor mos de potencia utilizado para excitar una carga conectada a tierra. |
| FR2714547B1 (fr) | 1993-12-23 | 1996-01-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Système de commande d'actionneurs à courant continu en électronique de puissance. |
| EP0661715B1 (en) | 1993-12-31 | 1999-06-09 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Non-volatile electrically programmable semiconductor memory device comprising a voltage regulator |
| US5585749A (en) | 1994-12-27 | 1996-12-17 | Motorola, Inc. | High current driver providing battery overload protection |
| CA2193507C (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1999-08-10 | John Grosspietsch | Low power regenerative feedback device and method |
| US6229506B1 (en) | 1997-04-23 | 2001-05-08 | Sarnoff Corporation | Active matrix light emitting diode pixel structure and concomitant method |
| EP0978114A4 (en) | 1997-04-23 | 2003-03-19 | Sarnoff Corp | PIXEL STRUCTURE WITH LIGHT EMITTING DIODE AND ACTIVE MATRIX AND METHOD |
| KR100275651B1 (ko) * | 1997-07-28 | 2000-12-15 | 가네꼬 히사시 | 연산 증폭기를 구비하지 않는 액정 표시 장치용 구동기 |
| JPH11149783A (ja) | 1997-11-14 | 1999-06-02 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体集積回路及びデータ処理システム |
| GB9812742D0 (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1998-08-12 | Philips Electronics Nv | Active matrix electroluminescent display devices |
| JP3519958B2 (ja) | 1998-10-07 | 2004-04-19 | 株式会社リコー | 基準電圧発生回路 |
| JP4627822B2 (ja) | 1999-06-23 | 2011-02-09 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 表示装置 |
| WO2001006484A1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2001-01-25 | Sony Corporation | Current drive circuit and display comprising the same, pixel circuit, and drive method |
| JP4240691B2 (ja) | 1999-11-01 | 2009-03-18 | 株式会社デンソー | 定電流回路 |
| TW525122B (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2003-03-21 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Electronic device |
| JP4194237B2 (ja) | 1999-12-28 | 2008-12-10 | 株式会社リコー | 電界効果トランジスタを用いた電圧発生回路及び基準電圧源回路 |
| JP3412599B2 (ja) | 2000-04-19 | 2003-06-03 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体装置 |
| US6285177B1 (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2001-09-04 | Impala Linear Corporation | Short-circuit current-limit circuit |
| JP2001319329A (ja) | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-16 | Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd | ライトワンス型光ディスク用記録装置および記録媒体 |
| JP4449189B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-21 | 2010-04-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 画像表示装置およびその駆動方法 |
| JP3700558B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-10 | 2005-09-28 | 日本電気株式会社 | 駆動回路 |
| JP4663094B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-13 | 2011-03-30 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
| JP2003195815A (ja) | 2000-11-07 | 2003-07-09 | Sony Corp | アクティブマトリクス型表示装置およびアクティブマトリクス型有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置 |
| US7015882B2 (en) | 2000-11-07 | 2006-03-21 | Sony Corporation | Active matrix display and active matrix organic electroluminescence display |
| US6466081B1 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2002-10-15 | Applied Micro Circuits Corporation | Temperature stable CMOS device |
| JP3846293B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-28 | 2006-11-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | 帰還型増幅回路及び駆動回路 |
| JP4155389B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-22 | 2008-09-24 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光装置、その駆動方法及び電子機器 |
| US6661180B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2003-12-09 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light emitting device, driving method for the same and electronic apparatus |
| JP3743387B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-31 | 2006-02-08 | ソニー株式会社 | アクティブマトリクス型表示装置およびアクティブマトリクス型有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置、並びにそれらの駆動方法 |
| JP3791354B2 (ja) | 2001-06-04 | 2006-06-28 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 演算増幅回路、駆動回路、及び駆動方法 |
| TW554558B (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-09-21 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Light emitting device |
| JP2003043993A (ja) | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-14 | Canon Inc | アクティブマトリックス型ディスプレイ |
| JP2003043994A (ja) | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-14 | Canon Inc | アクティブマトリックス型ディスプレイ |
| JP3800050B2 (ja) | 2001-08-09 | 2006-07-19 | 日本電気株式会社 | 表示装置の駆動回路 |
| JP3810725B2 (ja) | 2001-09-21 | 2006-08-16 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光装置及び電子機器 |
| JP2003108069A (ja) | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-11 | Canon Inc | 発光素子の駆動回路 |
| JP3859483B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-26 | 2006-12-20 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | 駆動回路 |
| US7180479B2 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2007-02-20 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Signal line drive circuit and light emitting device and driving method therefor |
| US7576734B2 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2009-08-18 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Signal line driving circuit, light emitting device, and method for driving the same |
| US7742064B2 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2010-06-22 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd | Signal line driver circuit, light emitting device and driving method thereof |
| TWI261217B (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2006-09-01 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Driving circuit of signal line and light emitting apparatus |
| US7193619B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2007-03-20 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Signal line driving circuit and light emitting device |
| US6927618B2 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2005-08-09 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electric circuit |
| JP3685134B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-23 | 2005-08-17 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 液晶ディスプレイのバックライト制御装置および液晶ディスプレイ |
| EP1355289B1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2008-07-02 | Pioneer Corporation | Drive unit of self-luminous device with degradation detection function |
| WO2003091977A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Toshiba Matsushita Display Technology Co., Ltd. | Circuit de commande d'un ecran el |
| US6841947B2 (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2005-01-11 | Garmin At, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling brightness of an avionics display |
| JP2004030779A (ja) | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-29 | Toshiba Corp | 記録装置、記録方法、再生装置及び再生方法 |
| US6707257B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-03-16 | Datex-Ohmeda, Inc. | Ferrite stabilized LED drive |
| US20050259054A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2005-11-24 | Jie-Farn Wu | Method of driving organic light emitting diode |
| CN100449594C (zh) | 2003-04-25 | 2009-01-07 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 半导体装置 |
| JP4884671B2 (ja) | 2003-05-14 | 2012-02-29 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
| JP4727232B2 (ja) | 2003-06-06 | 2011-07-20 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
| US6873200B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-29 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electronic switch |
| JP4740576B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-08 | 2011-08-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | 電流駆動装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-05-28 JP JP2004569243A patent/JP4727232B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-28 CN CN201110131365.4A patent/CN102201196B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-28 CN CN200480015745.XA patent/CN1802681B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-28 WO PCT/JP2004/007367 patent/WO2004109638A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-06-03 TW TW093116032A patent/TWI442554B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-03 US US10/859,475 patent/US7852330B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-12-09 US US12/963,672 patent/US8284128B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-03-07 JP JP2011048930A patent/JP5178863B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04246909A (ja) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-09-02 | Nec Corp | 半導体装置 |
| JPH0685179A (ja) * | 1991-10-23 | 1994-03-25 | Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> | ラッチアップ保護回路、調整/保護組み合わせ回路及びオンチップラッチアップ保護回路 |
| JP2000081920A (ja) * | 1998-09-07 | 2000-03-21 | Canon Inc | 電流出力回路 |
| JP2002111462A (ja) * | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-12 | Kunihiro Asada | 電流制御型半導体素子用駆動回路 |
| WO2002073912A2 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2002-09-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Line driver with slew-rate control |
| JP2004522344A (ja) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-07-22 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 電流源出力とrf信号に対する高い免疫性とを有するラインドライバ |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014202778A (ja) * | 2013-04-01 | 2014-10-27 | ソニー株式会社 | 表示装置 |
| US11200834B2 (en) | 2013-04-01 | 2021-12-14 | Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation | Display apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102201196B (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
| WO2004109638A1 (ja) | 2004-12-16 |
| US20050168905A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| US20110133828A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| JP4727232B2 (ja) | 2011-07-20 |
| JPWO2004109638A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
| CN1802681A (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
| TW200503261A (en) | 2005-01-16 |
| JP5178863B2 (ja) | 2013-04-10 |
| CN102201196A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
| CN1802681B (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
| TWI442554B (zh) | 2014-06-21 |
| US8284128B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
| US7852330B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5178863B2 (ja) | 半導体装置および電子機器 | |
| JP5448266B2 (ja) | 半導体装置及び電子機器 | |
| US9620060B2 (en) | Semiconductor device including transistors, switches and capacitor, and electronic device utilizing the same | |
| US9825624B2 (en) | Semiconductor device and driving method of the same | |
| JP4558509B2 (ja) | 半導体装置、表示装置、及び電子機器 | |
| US8085226B2 (en) | Semiconductor device | |
| JP4758085B2 (ja) | 半導体装置及び電子機器 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120821 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20121003 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20121030 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20121212 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130108 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130108 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5178863 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20160118 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |