JP2011163981A - Attack-angle measuring device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to accurately measure an attack angle by eliminating the influence of wear on a tread surface of a rail.
In an attack angle measuring device 18, laser beam is irradiated from a laser displacement meter 19a, 19b to a side surface 11a of a wheel 11 to measure distance information with respect to the wheel 11. The laser displacement meters 20a and 20b measure the distance information with respect to the rail 10 by irradiating the side surface 10b of the rail 10 with laser light. These laser displacement meters were arranged and fixed on a support base 16 orthogonal to the axle 12 attached to the lower part of the axle box 13. Since the side surface 10b of the rail 10 is a side portion of the tread surface on which the wheel 11 travels, it does not wear even if the wheel 11 travels. In the calculation means, the first calculation unit calculates the tilt angle of the wheel from the distance information with respect to the wheel 11, and calculates the tilt angle of the rail 10 from the distance information with respect to the rail 10. The second calculation unit calculates the attack angle by taking the difference between these inclination angles.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an attack angle measuring device and an attack angle measuring method for measuring an attack angle between a wheel and a rail of a railway vehicle.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known an attack angle measuring device that can continuously measure an attack angle, which is a factor that is largely related to a derailment phenomenon of a railway vehicle, during traveling.
As an example of such an attack angle measuring device, for example, one disclosed in Patent Document 1 below has been proposed.
That is, in the attack angle measuring apparatus described in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 7, a laser beam is formed as a long and thin linear beam 6 on the rail 2 from the light source 1 such as a semiconductor laser through the lens. Irradiate across. Then, a part of the reflected light irregularly reflected by the tread surface 2a of the rail 2 is received by the line sensor camera 4 provided directly above the rail 2 and photographed (see FIG. 8). The detection head 3 accommodates the light source 1 and the line sensor camera 4 and is provided on both sides in the front-rear direction of the wheel in the holding frame supported by the axle box and projecting in the front-rear direction of the wheel.

FIG. 9 shows the luminance distribution of the image of the linear beam 6 on the tread 2a of the rail 2, and the reflection of the linear beam 6 detected over the width direction of the rail 2 with the position in the sleeper direction as the X axis. The luminance of light is taken as the reflected light level on the Y axis. Then, a threshold value for partitioning the tread 2a is set with respect to the luminance distribution of the linear beam 6 measured by the line sensor cameras 4 of the two detection heads 3.
With respect to the luminance distribution of the linear beam 6 shown in FIG. 9, the positions below the threshold are defined as both side end surfaces 2 b and 2 b of the tread surface 2 a of the rail 2. Then, using the threshold value as the inner end surface of the tread surface 2a, the distances Xa and Xb from the inner end surface are measured based on the position information of the end surface 2b, and the relative angle of the rail 2 to the wheel is calculated as the attack angle by the following equation. it can. Y is the distance between the line sensor cameras 4 and 4.
Attack angle = tan ⁻¹ (Xa−Xb) / Y

  Further, in the attack angle measuring method described in Patent Document 2, as shown in FIG. 10, a chassis attached to the bottom of the axle box projects in the front-rear direction of the wheel, and 2 provided on the chassis on both sides of the wheel. The camera 8 is installed directly above the rail 2. Further, the illumination surface 9 irradiates the tread surface 2a of the rail 2, and the reflected light from the tread surface 2a is photographed by the camera 8, and the reflected light from the end surface 2b of the tread surface 2a is captured by the camera 8 and viewed from the side of the axle box The attack angle of the rail 2 is measured by detecting the lateral displacement.

JP-A-6-235609 JP 2003-246266 A

  However, in each of the attack angle measurement methods described above, the tread surface of the rail on which the wheel travels is formed with fine irregularities due to wear or dirt, so the reflected light detected by the light receiving unit of the line sensor camera or camera fluctuates. In some cases, it is difficult to detect the threshold value of the reflected light. Further, the end surface 2b that partitions the tread surface 2a of the rail 2 varies due to wear due to friction with the traveling wheel, and the reflected light detected by the light receiving unit varies, so that there is a drawback that the accurate end surface 2b cannot be detected. .

For this reason, it is difficult to set an appropriate threshold value of the reflected light level for partitioning the rail 2 against changes in the state of the rail 2 such as dirt and wear of the rail 2 and wear and the like that change every moment as the vehicle travels. There was a measurement error.
Moreover, in order to fix the light receiving part to the axle box, the fixing jig that supports the light receiving part is configured to largely project from the axle box in the front-rear direction of the wheel. The backlash between the bearing and the axle box has caused a reduction in measurement accuracy.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and provides an attack angle measurement apparatus and a measurement method that can accurately measure the attack angle by eliminating the influence of wear and vibration on the rail tread. The purpose is to do.

The attack angle measuring device according to the present invention includes a first length measuring sensor that measures a distance information with respect to a wheel by irradiating the surface of the wheel that does not contact the rail, and a light beam on the surface of the rail that does not contact the wheel. The second length measurement sensor that measures the distance information to the rail by irradiating the wheel, the distance information to the wheel and the distance information to the rail obtained by the first length measurement sensor and the second length measurement sensor And a calculating means for calculating the attack angle of the rail.
According to the present invention, the surface of the wheel that does not contact the rail and the surface of the rail that does not contact the wheel are irradiated with a light beam to obtain distance information with the wheel and distance information with the rail, Based on the distance information, the attack angle between the wheel and the rail can be calculated by the calculation means. In particular, by irradiating the light beam to the surface of the wheel that does not contact the rail and the surface of the rail that does not contact the wheel, the attack angle can be detected without being affected by the wear of the rail.
In addition, by measuring the distance information to the wheels and the distance information to the rails, the influence on the play due to the vibration of the attack angle measurement device itself due to vibration during traveling and the play of the mounting position of the wheel bearing on the axle box can be canceled. Measurement with high accuracy.

Further, it is preferable that the light beam emitted from the first length measuring sensor is irradiated on the side surface of the wheel, and the light beam emitted from the second length measuring sensor is irradiated on the side surface of the head of the rail.
By irradiating the side of the wheel and the side of the rail with the light beam and detecting the reflected light with the first and second length measuring sensors, even if the wheel and rail treads wear due to running, the distance is not affected Can be measured with high accuracy.

Further, it is preferable that a support portion provided with at least two first length measurement sensors and at least two second length measurement sensors is attached to the axle box at a position facing the side surface of the wheel.
Since the first and second length measurement sensors are fixed to the support part and provided at a position facing the side surface of the wheel, the support part and the first and second length measurement sensors do not protrude in the front-rear direction of the wheel, so they are formed short. Thus, the attack angle measuring device can be compactly formed within the vehicle limit, and the influence of vibration and backlash can be reduced when measuring the distance.

Further, the distance information with respect to the wheel surface measured by the two first length measuring sensors is A1 and A2, respectively, and the distance information with respect to the rail surface measured by the two second length measuring sensors is B1. , B2, the calculation means includes a first calculation unit that calculates the inclination angles αa and αb of the wheels and rails by the following equations (1) and (2), and the inclinations of the wheels and rails obtained by the first calculation unit. It is preferable to include a second calculation unit that calculates an attack angle from the difference between the angles αa and αb by the following equation (3).
αa = tan ⁻¹ {(A1-A2) / La} (1)
αb = tan ⁻¹ {(B1−B2) / Lb} (2)
α = αa−αb (3)
Where La: distance between the two first length measuring sensors Lb: distance between the two second length measuring sensors.
In the attack angle measuring device, at least three first and second length measuring sensors are provided, and wheels and rails are obtained from distance information obtained by the first length measuring sensor and the second length measuring sensor. You may make it measure the curvature of.

In the attack angle measuring method according to the present invention, the first length measuring sensor irradiates the surface of the wheel that does not contact the rail with the light beam and measures a plurality of distance information with respect to the wheel. In addition to calculating the tilt angle, the second length measurement sensor irradiates the light beam onto the surface of the rail that does not come into contact with the wheel, measures multiple distance information with the rail, and tilts the rail relative to the second length measurement sensor. The angle is calculated, and then the attack angle is calculated from the difference between the inclination angle of the wheel and the inclination angle of the rail.
In the present invention, the distance information with respect to the wheel and the distance information with respect to the rail are measured, and the inclination angle of the wheel and the rail with respect to the first and second length measurement sensors is calculated, and then the attack angle is calculated. Therefore, as in the prior art, it is possible to cancel the measurement error caused by the play of the attack angle measuring device itself provided on the wheel due to the vibration of the traveling vehicle and the play of the mounting position on the wheel, thereby improving the accuracy. The attack angle can be measured.

A deviation amount measuring apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of first length measuring sensors that measure a distance information with respect to a wheel by irradiating a side surface of the wheel that is not in contact with the rail, and light on the side surface of the rail that is not in contact with the wheel. Multiple second length measurement sensors that measure the distance information to the rail by irradiating the beam, distance information to the wheel and distance to the rail obtained by the first length measurement sensor and the second length measurement sensor And a calculation means for calculating a deviation amount W of the wheel relative to the rail by the following equation (4).
W = (B1 + B2) / 2− (A1 + A2) / 2 (4)

According to the attack angle measuring apparatus and the measuring method of the present invention, the first and second length measuring sensors irradiate the surface where the wheel and the rail are not in contact with each other or wear, and the distance information from the wheel. And the distance information from the rail are respectively measured, so that the attack angle between the wheel and the rail can be measured accurately without being affected by the wear of the rail or dirt such as rust. In addition, by measuring each distance information from the wheel and the rail, even if the play of the attack angle measurement device due to vibration during running and play due to play related to the mounting position occurs, the effect is canceled and the accuracy is high Measurement is possible.
In addition, it is not necessary to set a threshold value of reflected light in order to specify the end face of the rail, and a complicated calculation algorithm is not required, so that a change in the varying attack angle can be measured with a high-speed sampling period.

It is a principal part side view of the attack angle measuring device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a principal part front view of the attack angle measuring apparatus shown in FIG. It is a principal part block diagram which shows the positional relationship of the laser displacement meter of the attack angle measuring apparatus with respect to a rail and a wheel. It is a plane schematic diagram which shows the positional relationship of the laser displacement meter of the attack angle measuring apparatus with respect to a rail and a wheel. It is a figure which shows the installation possible range of the laser displacement meter with respect to a rail and a wheel. It is a principal part enlarged view which shows the contact part of a rail and a wheel. It is a principal part perspective view which shows the attack angle measuring device by a prior art. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the camera and rail in the attack angle measuring apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the rail position in a sleeper direction, a reflected light level, and a threshold value. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the camera and rail in another prior art.

Hereinafter, an attack angle measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a rail car wheel 11 is installed on a rail 10. An axle box 13 is fixed to the axle 12 of the wheel 11 via a bearing 9. A stay 14 is fixed to the lower portion of the axle box 13 with a bolt or the like, and a support base 16 is attached to the lower portion of the stay 14 via a support column 15. The stay 14 and the support base 16 are disposed in a direction orthogonal to the axle 12.
On the support 16, a plurality of laser displacement meters 19 and 20 in the attack angle measuring device 18 are attached. In the example shown in FIG. 1, four laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, and 20b are attached to the support table 16 in a row at a predetermined interval. The support 16 and the laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, and 20b are provided at positions facing the side surface 11a of the wheel 11.

  In the attack angle measuring device 18 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the two outer laser displacement meters 19a and 19b irradiate the side surface 11a of the wheel 11 with laser light to irradiate the laser displacement meter 19a, The distance from 19b to the wheel 11 is measured as distance information A1 and A2. The two inner laser displacement meters 20a and 20b measure the distance from the laser displacement meters 20a and 20b to the rail 10 as distance information B1 and B2 by irradiating the rail 10 with laser light.

The laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, and 20b are arranged and fixed on the support base 16 so as to fit above the vehicle limit S (see FIG. 5). Therefore, the laser displacement meters 20 a and 20 b that irradiate the rail 10 with laser light are installed above the rail 10 and are held so as to irradiate the laser light obliquely downward toward the rail 10. Laser displacement meters 19a and 19b for irradiating the wheel 11 with laser light are also held so as to irradiate the laser light obliquely downward or horizontally.
Therefore, the distance information A1, A2, B1. B2 is a horizontal distance calculated from the irradiation distance and the irradiation angle of the laser light irradiated obliquely downward from the laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, and 20b toward the wheel 11 and the rail 10. In addition, when laser light is irradiated to the wheel 11 from the laser displacement meters 19a and 19b in the horizontal direction, the irradiation angle is 0 °.
The installation area of each laser displacement meter 19a, 19b, 20a, 20b is in the range of 11.6 ° to 29.8 ° with respect to the horizontal line, for example, as shown in FIG. Upper region M.

1 to 3, the irradiation region of the wheel 11 by the laser displacement meters 19a and 19b is the outer side surface 11a of the wheel 11, and the side surface 11a is irradiated to receive the irregularly reflected light as reflected light.
The irradiation area of the rail 10 by the laser displacement meters 20a and 20b is the outer side surface 10b of the head 10a of the rail 10, and the side surface 10b is irradiated to receive the irregularly reflected light as reflected light. As shown in FIG. 3, the laser beam irradiation position on the rail 10 by the laser displacement meters 20a and 20b is determined by the stepping surface 10c that is the upper surface of the rail 10 and the wheel 11 below the end 10d that forms a convex curved corner. Since it is a region of the side surface 10b that does not contact, the wheel 11 does not wear even when traveling, and the distance information B1 and B2 can be measured without being affected by the wear of the tread surface 10c and its end 10d.
As shown in FIG. 6, the rail 10 has a laser beam irradiation region on the side surface 10b on the outer gauge side below the height difference L (for example, L = about 20 mm for a 50N rail) including the end 10d from the top of the head 10a. And In the example shown in FIG. 6, the side surface 10 b is provided with a gradient of 1:40 with respect to the perpendicular.

In the attack angle measuring device 18, the laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, and 20b are connected to the computing means 22 via wiring. The calculation means 22 inputs and calculates the distance information A1, A2, B1, B2 measured by each laser displacement meter 19a, 19b, 20a, 20b and outputs angle information.
The computing means 22 is a first computing unit 23 that computes the horizontal inclination angle of the rail 10 and the wheel 11 with respect to the laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, 20b from the measured distance information A1, A2, B1, B2. A second calculation unit 24 that calculates an attack angle from the inclination angles of the rail 10 and the wheel 11 and a bias amount calculation means 25 that calculates a bias amount (displacement amount) between the rail 10 and the wheel 11 are provided.

The calculation of the attack angle (relative angle) α between the rail 10 and the wheel 11 in the calculation means 22 is performed as follows. In FIG. 4, it is assumed that the laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, and 20b are arranged in a line in a direction perpendicular to the axle 12 on the support base 16, and the distance between the laser displacement meters 19a and 19b is La. The distance between the total 20a and 20b is Lb.
And in the 1st calculating means 23 of the calculating means 22, inclination-angle (alpha) a of the wheel 11 with respect to the arrangement direction of the laser displacement meters 19a and 19b is calculated | required by following Formula.
αa = tan ⁻¹ {(A1-A2) / La} (1)
Further, the inclination angle αb of the rail 10 with respect to the arrangement direction of the laser displacement meters 20a and 20b can be obtained by the following equation.
αb = tan ⁻¹ {(B1−B2) / Lb} (2)
Therefore, in the second calculation means 24, the attack angle α, which is the relative angle between the rail 10 and the wheel 11, is obtained by the following equation.
α = αa−αb (3)

Further, in the deviation amount calculation means 25 of the calculation means 22, the distance information A 1, A 2, B 1, B 2 is orthogonal to the deviation amount W of the wheel 11 with respect to the rail 10, that is, the arrangement direction of the laser displacement meters 19 a, 19 b, 20 a, 20 b. The displacement amount of the wheel 11 relative to the rail 10 in the direction to be calculated is calculated by the following equation.
Uneven amount W = (B1 + B2) / 2− (A1 + A2) / 2 (4)

The attack angle measuring device 18 according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration, and an attack angle measuring method will be described next.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the railway vehicle travels, in the attack angle measuring device 18 provided facing the side surface 11 a of the wheel 11, laser light is transmitted from the two laser displacement meters 19 a and 19 b to the wheel 11. Irradiate each different part of the side surface 11a. Then, each reflected light reflected on the side surface 11a of the wheel 11 is received by each laser displacement meter 19a, 19b and outputs distance information A1, A2.
At the same time, laser beams are irradiated from laser displacement meters 20a and 20b to different portions of the side surface 10b of the head 10a of the rail 10, respectively. And each reflected light reflected on the side surface 10b of the rail 10 is received by each laser displacement meter 20a, 20b, and distance information B1, B2 is output.

The obtained distance information A1, A2, B1, B2 is output to the computing means 22 through the wiring. In the calculation means 22, the first calculation unit 23 obtains the inclination angle αa of the wheel 11 with respect to the arrangement direction of the laser displacement meters 19 a and 19 b by the expression (1), and the rail 10 with respect to the arrangement direction of the laser displacement meters 20 a and 20 b. The inclination angle αb is obtained by equation (2). And the attack angle (alpha) of the wheel 11 with respect to the rail 10 is computable by taking the difference of the inclination angle (alpha) a of the wheel 11 and the inclination angle (alpha) b of the rail 10 by the 2nd calculating part 24 by (3) Formula.
And the attack angle (alpha) of the wheel 11 and the rail 10 can be measured continuously by measuring each distance information A1, A2, B1, B2 of the wheel 11 and the rail 10 in the driving | running | working state of a vehicle.

As described above, according to the attack angle measuring device 18 and the attack angle measuring method according to the present embodiment, the side surface 10b where the rail 10 and the wheel 11 are not in contact with each other or worn by the laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, and 20b. , 11a is irradiated with laser light, and the distance from the rail 10 and the distance from the wheel 11 are measured as distance information A1, A2, B1, and B2, respectively. Therefore, the tread surface 10c of the rail 10 and the end surface 10d thereof are measured. The attack angle α between the wheel 11 and the rail 10 can be accurately measured continuously without being affected by dirt such as wear and rust. Thereby, the change of the behavior with respect to the rail 10 of the wheel 11 can be grasped correctly.
In addition, it is not necessary to set a threshold value for the luminance distribution of reflected light in order to specify the end face 10d of the rail 10, and a complicated calculation algorithm is not required. It can be measured at the sampling period. For example, when the sampling period is set to 1 ms, it is possible to measure an attack angle change at intervals of 30 mm or less even when traveling at 100 km / h. Therefore, it is possible to measure the vehicle while traveling on the main line with a normal business vehicle.

Further, by measuring the distances A1, A2, B1, and B2 with respect to the rail 10 and the wheel 11, respectively, the attack angle measuring device due to the vibration of the attack angle measuring device 18 itself due to vibration during traveling and the play on the structure of the axle box 13 is measured. It is possible to measure with high accuracy by canceling the influence on the play related to the mounting position between the wheel 18 and the wheel 11, for example, the bearing 9 of the axle 12 and the play of the axle box 13.
Further, since the laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, and 20b are connected to the axle box 13 via the support base 16 and are provided to face the side surface 11a of the wheel 11, the device is mounted on the wheel like a conventional device. It is not necessary to extend to the front and rear, the length of the support 16 is short, and the attack angle measuring device 18 becomes compact.
In addition, recent sensor technology improvements have made it possible to use laser displacement meters 19a, 19b, 20a, and 20b that can adjust the sensitivity in real time to the rail conditions that change every time during traveling, so that highly stable measurement is possible. Can do.

In the above description, two laser displacement meters 20a and 20b that measure the distance between the rail 11 and the laser displacement meters 19a and 19b that measure the distance to the wheel 11 are installed. Three or more laser displacement meters 19 and 20 may be provided. If three or more laser displacement meters 19 for measuring the distance to the wheel 11 are provided, not only the attack angle α but also the warpage of the wheel 11 can be detected, and three or more laser displacement meters 20 for measuring the distance to the rail 10 are provided. As a result, not only the attack angle α but also the warp of the rail 10 can be detected.
In the above-described embodiment, the side surface 10b of the head 10a of the rail 10 is irradiated with laser light. However, other regions of the rail 10 may be used as long as they do not contact the wheels 11.
Further, the arrangement direction of the laser displacement meters 19 a, 19 b, 20 a, and 20 b of the attack angle measuring device 18 is not limited to the direction orthogonal to the axle 12, and can be set to an arbitrary angle on the support base 16.

10 Rail 10a Head 10b Side 10c Tread 10d End 11 Wheel
11a Side surface 12 Axle 13 Axle box 16 Support stand (support part)
18 Attack angle measuring device 19, 19a, 19b, 20, 20a, 20b Laser displacement meter 22 Calculation means 23 First calculation unit 24 Second calculation unit

Claims (6)

A first length measuring sensor that irradiates a light beam to the surface of the wheel that does not contact the rail and measures distance information with the wheel;
A second length measuring sensor that irradiates the surface of the rail that does not contact the wheel and measures the distance information with the rail;
A calculating means for calculating an attack angle between the wheel and the rail from the distance information to the wheel and the distance information to the rail obtained by the first length measuring sensor and the second length measuring sensor; Attack angle measuring device.   The light beam emitted from the first length measuring sensor is applied to the side surface of the wheel, and the light beam emitted from the second length measuring sensor is applied to the side surface of the head of the rail. The attack angle measuring device described in 1.   The support part provided with at least 2 said 1st length measuring sensor and at least 2 said 2nd length measuring sensor is attached to an axle box in the position which opposes the side surface of a wheel. Attack angle measuring device described in 1. The distance information with respect to the surface of the wheel respectively measured by the two first length measuring sensors is set as A1 and A2, and the distance information with respect to the surface of the rail respectively measured by the two second length measuring sensors. As B1 and B2,
The calculation means includes a first calculation unit that calculates the inclination angles αa and αb of the wheels and rails according to the following equations (1) and (2):
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a second calculation unit that calculates an attack angle from the difference between the wheel and rail inclination angles αa and αb obtained by the first calculation unit according to the following equation (3): The described attack angle measuring device.
αa = tan ⁻¹ {(A1-A2) / La} (1)
αb = tan ⁻¹ {(B1−B2) / Lb} (2)
α = αa−αb (3)
Where La: distance between the two first length measuring sensors Lb: distance between the two second length measuring sensors. While irradiating the surface of the wheel that does not contact the rail with the first length measuring sensor and measuring the distance information with the wheel at multiple locations, calculating the tilt angle of the wheel with respect to the first length measuring sensor,
Irradiate the light beam to the surface of the rail that does not touch the wheel by the second length measurement sensor, measure the distance information with the rail at multiple locations, calculate the tilt angle of the rail with respect to the second length measurement sensor,
Thereafter, the attack angle is calculated from the difference between the tilt angle of the wheel and the tilt angle of the rail. A plurality of first length measuring sensors that measure the distance information from the wheel by irradiating the surface of the wheel that does not contact the rail with a light beam;
A plurality of second length measuring sensors that measure the distance information to the rail by irradiating the surface of the rail that does not contact the wheel with a light beam;
Calculation means for calculating a deviation amount W of the wheel relative to the rail by the following equation (4) from the distance information to the wheel and the distance information to the rail obtained by the first length measurement sensor and the second length measurement sensor: A deviation amount measuring device characterized by comprising:
W = (B1 + B2) / 2− (A1 + A2) / 2 (4)

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