JP2010539359A - Soil or rock improvement machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A soil and / or rock improvement machine having a feed hopper and a mixing chamber. The supply hopper supplies the material to be improved to the supply conveyor. The mixing chamber has one or more rotors that accelerate the material particles directly from the end of the supply conveyor toward an inclined surface in the mixing chamber.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a soil amendment and crusher for soil or rock improvement or treatment. In particular, the present invention relates to modifying or regenerating soils of various soil types. At this time, the machine can also function as a crusher.

  Throughout this specification and the claims, the use of the term soil shall include all soil types as well as materials such as stones and small rocks that are crushed by the machine.

  In this specification, when referring to or discussing a document, action or information item, unless otherwise stated, this reference or consideration shall be given to anyone on the priority date that these document, action or information item or combination thereof. However, it should be considered available, well known, and part of general knowledge, or known to be related to attempts to solve any problem related to this specification. To do.

  Clay soils cause problems in the building industry and earthwork. As is well known, soil conditioners are applied to clayey areas. This improver is, for example, lime, gypsum or cement. Relatively recently, machines for improving clay have become available. Clay is dug or scooped from the ground and placed on the conveyor belt of the machine. The clay is dropped with a modifier on a mixer, mixed and fed to a delivery conveyor. An example of such a machine is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,988,937 in the name of Komatsu.

  The present specification is primarily concerned with the supply of soil to be improved and the supply of improver prior to supplying material to the crusher. Details of the crusher are not shown. This is only described in FIG. 2 where it is clearly shown that the material is fed by a conveyor and feeder to drop the material onto the first of the three crushing rotors. The rotation and operation of these rotors will not be described. The machine is also equipped with a sieve to separate large rocks, stones, etc. from the soil to be improved.

  Another example is JP-A-54-58901.

  However, both of these machines are only suitable for soft soils and therefore have limited applications.

  An object of the present invention is to produce a soil conditioner for improving soil, which can also be used as a rock crusher.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine for supplying material to a mixing chamber by a conveyor. The chamber has at least one mixing rotor arranged to cut or remove material directly from the end of the conveyor.

  Another object of the present invention is to place an adjustable door adjacent to the rotor so that the gap between the door and the rotating mixer or hammer can be adjusted.

  Another object of the present invention is to overcome or at least greatly improve the disadvantages or disadvantages of the prior art.

  Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of illustration and example, embodiments of the invention.

  In the present invention, although not intended to limit the present invention, it is a soil and / or rock improvement machine, a feed hopper, a conveyor means for supplying soil or rock to the mixing chamber, disposed in the mixing chamber. A soil and / or rock improvement machine having at least one rotor is provided. The one of the rotors is placed at the end of the conveyor, so that the one rotor is placed in close proximity to the end of the conveyor so as to cut soil or remove rock directly from the end of the conveyor.

  Preferably, the rotor cuts the soil or removes the rock upward.

  Preferably, the rotor cuts soil or removes rocks downward.

  Preferably, the two rotors are laterally offset and the second rotor is spaced apart below the rotor at the end of the conveyor so that the material to be treated is returned to the first rotor. Rotate to accelerate.

  Depending on whether the machine is used primarily as a mixer or as a crusher, the rotor or rotors used can vary.

  When used as a mixer, preferably one or both of the rotors are mixer rotors.

  When used as a crusher, preferably one or both rotors are hammer rotors.

  Preferably, the mixing chamber has an adjustable door adjacent to the one rotor or each rotor, so that the spacing between the rotor and the door can be adjusted depending on the material being processed. it can.

  Preferably, the adjustable door is cleaned by bringing the adjustable door or doors closer to the rotor or rotors.

  Preferably, a cutting rotor is placed in the feed hopper to cut the cohesive soil so as to facilitate the formation of a uniform mat or layer on the conveyor.

  Preferably, a serrated cutting edge is placed above the material on the conveyor to help cut the cohesive soil.

  Preferably, the serrated cutting edge is oscillated in a direction transverse to the conveyor.

  Preferably, the rotational speed of each rotor can be adjusted.

  Hereinafter, in order to describe the present invention in more detail, one application example of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  In the following, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments shown in the drawings.

  A soil amendment or crusher 1 shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a trailer chassis 2 having a tow bar 3 and a wheel bogie 4. Therefore, this machine can be easily transferred from site to site.

  The machine 1 has a feed hopper 5 that feeds a conveyor 6 that carries the soil to the mixing chamber 7. The hopper 8 containing the modifier can adjust the amount of modifier so that the modifier is mixed into the soil before the soil enters the mixing chamber. The soil that is being improved passes down the mixing chamber 7 where it is mixed, improved and fed onto the delivery conveyor 21 by the rotors 9 and 10, as will be described later. This machine is driven by an internal combustion engine 11 that drives a hydraulic pump. The conveyor and rotor are driven by variable speed hydraulic motors, hydraulic open circuits, and control valves. Since this drive system is a normal one, it will not be described or illustrated.

  Referring now to FIG. 2, the mixing chamber 7 is shown in more detail here, which has a front wall 7a and a rear wall 7b. The rotors 9 and 10 in this embodiment are shown as mixing rotors that rotate in the same direction. The rotor 9 has a center of rotation, approximately at the height of the conveyor 6, and the pick 12 passes very close to the end of the conveyor 6. The mixing chamber has doors 13 and 14 against which a cut soil mass is thrown. The door 13 has a portion 15 that extends obliquely downward, a bent portion 16, and a deflection portion 17 that deflects the soil mass toward the rotor 10. Similarly, the door 14 has a portion 18 that extends downward and a portion 19 that deflects the soil portion toward the outlet 20.

  Both rotors rotate clockwise and the rotor 9 cuts the soil directly from the end of the conveyor and accelerates the soil mass towards the door 13. The door 13 deflects the soil portion so as to be on the ascending pick 12 of the rotor 10. A portion of the soil portion is accelerated back to the rotor 9 to maximize the amount of sheer (energy) input to the process.

  As mentioned above, this improvement machine is mainly for soil improvement, but this improvement machine can also be used as a crusher, in which case one or both of the mixing rotors with picks are hammered. Can be replaced with a rotor.

  FIG. 2a is a view similar to FIG. 2, showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the mixing chamber contains only one mixing rotor 12, which rotates and scrapes the soil upward from the end of the conveyor, accelerating the soil towards the door 13. Then, the improved soil falls from the door 13 toward the delivery conveyor 21.

  FIG. 2b is a view similar to FIG. 2a, where the mixing rotor rotates to cut the soil downwards and the improved material is deflected towards the delivery conveyor 21 by the walls 7b.

  In FIG. 3, the rotor 9 is replaced by a hammer rotor 22, which also cuts or removes soil, gravel, stones or rocks from the end of the conveyor 6.

  In FIG. 3a, a single hammer rotor 22 is shown, which cuts or removes soil or particulate material from the end of the conveyor 6 upward to the conveyor and falls onto the delivery conveyor 21 Accelerate this material toward the door 13.

  FIG. 3b is a view similar to FIG. 3a, but in this case the hammer rotor 22 accelerates the material downwards towards the wall 7b and drops it onto the delivery conveyor 21. FIG.

  In the case of substances contaminated with hydrocarbon contaminants, by blowing compressed air 34 through the rear wall 7b to the outlet 20, when the mixed soil, pellets or small balls fall on the conveyor 21, the volatilization process of the hydrocarbon substances Can be promoted. This process is illustrated in FIG. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment having a hammer rotor 22 and a lower take-up rotor 10 adjacent to the conveyor 6.

  FIG. 4a is another embodiment, in which compressed air 34 is shown supplied to the falling material from a single mixing rotor 9 that cuts the material upwards towards the door 13. FIG. 4b also shows an embodiment in which compressed air is supplied to the material falling from the mixing rotor 9, which cuts the material down from the conveyor 6.

  Doors 13 and 14 can be adjusted. FIG. 5 shows the door in the open position, and FIG. 6 shows the door in the closed position. The door 13 is supported by a hinge 23 and a hydraulic ram 24, and the door 14 is supported by a hinge 25 and a hydraulic ram 26.

  In this case, when these doors are in their maximum closed position, the rotor removes soil adhering to the doors, so that the mixing chamber is effectively self-cleaned, leaving only a thin soil layer on the doors.

  The cleaning cycle for the door can vary depending on the type of material. The doors need to be cleaned at various intervals depending on the degree of stickiness of each substance. The operating position of the door is determined according to the material to be improved. The door position and closing for cleaning and returning to the operating position can preferably be computer controlled. The frequency of cleaning and the length of time of each cleaning can be determined and programmed so that cleaning begins automatically and then the door returns to a predetermined position.

  The cleaning operation can be performed while the machine is operating, or the supply conveyor can be stopped while the cleaning operation is being performed.

  If for some reason the machine needs to be stopped, an automatic stop sequence can be incorporated. As a result, the belt 6 is stopped and reversely moved slightly before the machine stops. Thereby, the material at the end of the belt 6 does not fall on the rotor and therefore there is no failure of the rotor to stop and restart.

  In this embodiment, the rotor is shifted laterally, and the lower rotor is shifted to one side under the upper rotor.

  However, the lower rotor can also be arranged directly below the upper rotor, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 showing a partial cross section of the mixing chamber 7.

  The rotor 9 is arranged to cut the clay material from the end of the conveyor and accelerate the cut clay mass toward the door 13 so that the clay mass is directed to the rotor 27. The rotor 27 rotates counterclockwise and accelerates the clay mass back to the rotor 9. The mixing chamber 7 has a baffle 28 that leaves only a small gap with respect to the rotor 27 to redirect the clay mass and prevent it from exiting the outlet 20.

  The door 29 deflects the clay mass and directs it toward the outlet 20. Unlike the previous embodiment, this door is on the opposite side of the mixing chamber. This door is similarly bent, hinged to the chamber at 30 and supported by a hydraulic ram 31 at the lower end.

  FIG. 7 shows the use of two mixing rotors, and FIG. 8 shows the use of two hammer rotors 32 and 33.

  However, when supplying highly cohesive soil to the supply conveyor 6, this material is preferably passed through a serrated cutting blade 32 located above the supply conveyor belt 6 and the material coming over the belt. Try to help cut. This cutting edge is particularly important when treating very cohesive soils. This is because the cutting edge cuts the soil lengthwise before the soil is cut from the end of the conveyor 6. The serrated cutting edge 32 is preferably oscillated across the material to further enhance the machine's ability to process very cohesive soil.

  Furthermore, in the case of very moist and cohesive soil, preferably a cutting rotor 33 is placed in the hopper 8 to sufficiently cut and fine the material, and a layer or mat of material with a uniform cutting edge. Can be processed. This reduces the pressure applied to the serrated cutting edge 32, so that in this case, a very moist and cohesive soil can be treated by using this hopper even when it cannot be treated with just a serrated cutting edge. Can do. The shape of the rotor 33 can be different from that shown. The cutter 33 is attached to an arm 34 hinged to a shaft 35 accommodated in a bearing 36 in the wall of the hopper 8. The position of the cutter 33 can be varied depending on the material to be processed, or it can be completely removed from the hopper 8 if the particulate material is modified by the hydraulic ram 37.

  Therefore, as can be easily understood, the present invention can provide a general-purpose soil conditioner. That is, the machine can be used as a crusher by replacing one or both of the mixing rotors with a hammer rotor. At this time, the mixing rotor and the hammer rotor can be arbitrarily configured, and can be a mixer rotor and a hammer rotor, or a hammer rotor and a mixer rotor. The rotor can be changed from one type to another in a short time, increasing the versatility of the machine.

  Using a two-rotor configuration, the clay and lime or cement improver can be made more efficient by accelerating the particles towards other rotor paths and maximizing the amount of shear (energy) applied to the mixing process. Mixing takes place. Rather than falling into the mixing chamber, the incoming material is cut by the upper rotor directly from the end of the conveyor and accelerated towards the door, which moves the material towards the second rotor. The blowing of compressed air into the mixing chamber facilitates volatilization of any hydrocarbon material. This air passes through the soil as the powdered soil leaves the rotor, and the process of blowing up the material by the air maximizes the contact between the compressed air and the soil particles and removes hydrocarbon contaminants.

  Since the door for each rotor is adjustable, the gap is adjusted for each improved soil type, and the door is also adjusted for self-cleaning. The use of hydraulic motors allows for infinite speed adjustments such as mixing at 200-500 rpm, crushing at 800-1000 rpm depending on the soil type and / or work being performed, eg mixing or crushing.

  While the invention has been illustrated and described above as believed to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is apparent that modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. This variation is not limited to the details described herein, but includes variations to all equipment and apparatus equivalents throughout the scope of the claims.

It is a cross-sectional view of a soil improvement machine. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a mixing chamber showing two mixing rotors rotating in the same direction. It is a cross-sectional view showing a mixing rotor that cuts or takes out upward. It is a cross-sectional view showing a mixing rotor that cuts or removes downward. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a mixing chamber showing a mixing rotor and a hammer rotor rotating in the same direction. It is a transverse cross section showing a hammer rotor which takes out upwards. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the hammer rotor which takes out downward. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the present invention using two rotors and an air flow across the material to be treated. It is the same figure which shows the single taking-out rotor which takes out upwards. It is the same figure which shows the single taking-out rotor which takes out downward. FIG. 3 is a partial view of a mixing chamber showing an adjustable door in an open position. FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing the adjustable door in a closed position. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a mixing chamber showing a vertically arranged mixing rotor with different door configurations and rotating in opposite directions. FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 but showing a vertically arranged hammer rotor having a different door configuration and rotating in the opposite direction. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view and cross-sectional view of the serrated cutting blade in a supply hopper. 3 shows three cross-sectional views of a cutting rotor that is adjustably arranged in a feed hopper. FIG.

1 Soil improver or crusher
2 Trailer chassis
3 Towbar
4-wheel bogie
5 Supply hopper
6 Conveyor
7 Mixing chamber
7a front wall
7b rear wall
8 Hopper
9 Rotor
10 Rotor
11 Internal combustion engine
12 picks
13 Door
14 door
15 Diagonally extending part
16 Curved part
17 Deflection part
18 Lower part
19 Parts to deflect
20 Exit
21 Delivery conveyor
22 Hammer rotor
23 Hinge
24 hydraulic ram
25 Hinge
26 Hydraulic ram
27 Rotor
28 baffles
29 Door
30 Hinge
31 Hydraulic ram
32 hammer rotor
32 serrated cutting blade
33 Hammer rotor
33 Cutting rotor
34 Compressed air
34 Arm
35 axes
36 bearings
37 Hydraulic ram

Claims (11)

A soil and / or rock improvement machine,
A supply hopper, a conveyor for supplying soil or rock to the mixing chamber, a means for supplying an improving agent to the soil on the conveyor, at least one rotor in the mixing chamber, and a means for delivering the improved soil from the outlet And one of the rotors is arranged adjacent to the end of the conveyor for cutting soil or removing rock from the end of the conveyor, and directing the soil or rock toward the exit to the outlet. Accelerating,
Soil and / or rock improvement machine characterized by.   The soil and / or rock improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two rotors in the mixing chamber and the second rotor is arranged offset from directly below the rotor adjacent to the end of the conveyor. Machine.   The soil and / or rock improver according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two rotors in the mixing chamber and the second rotor is arranged directly under the rotor adjacent to the end of the conveyor.   The soil and / or rock improvement machine according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the rotor rotates in a predetermined direction to accelerate the substance toward the adjacent rotor.   Each deflecting means is a door hinged to the mixing chamber at one end, and the door is hinged to an adjusting means that supports the other end of the door, whereby an adjacent rotor is attached to each door. 2. The soil and / or rock improvement machine according to claim 1, wherein the soil and / or rock improvement machine can be adjusted to be close to or away from the rotor.   6. A soil and / or rock improver according to claim 5, wherein each door is adjusted to be in a self-cleaning position, whereby the adjacent rotor removes excess soil from the door surface.   The method of claim 1, further comprising means for blowing air into the mixing chamber through the outlet and blowing the air into the particles to remove volatile components from the material as the particles leave the rotor and fall through the outlet. The described soil and / or rock improvement machine.   The soil and / or rock improvement machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor can be a mixing rotor for treating soil or a hammer rotor for treating gravel or rock.   Having a cutting rotor adjustably arranged in the feed hopper, the rotor cutting the wet cohesive soil sufficiently fine so that a layer of uniform thickness is formed on the conveyor; 2. The soil and / or rock improvement machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutting rotor is attached to a rotating shaft so that the cutting rotor can be detached from the supply hopper.   Claim 1 characterized in that it has a serrated cutting blade traversing the supply conveyor in front of the conveyor end, and cuts the material lengthwise before it is cut off from the end of the conveyor. The described soil and / or rock improvement machine.   11. The soil and / or rock improvement machine according to claim 10, wherein the serrated cutting blade has a vibration means for vibrating the cutting blade in a direction crossing the supply conveyor.

Images