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JP2010520977A - Method for filling hydrogen storage container - Google Patents

Method for filling hydrogen storage container Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2010520977A
JP2010520977A JP2009553029A JP2009553029A JP2010520977A JP 2010520977 A JP2010520977 A JP 2010520977A JP 2009553029 A JP2009553029 A JP 2009553029A JP 2009553029 A JP2009553029 A JP 2009553029A JP 2010520977 A JP2010520977 A JP 2010520977A
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Prior art keywords
storage container
filling
internal pressure
pressurized
gas medium
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Pending
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
アドラー、ローベルト
マイヤー、ヘルムート
マイヤー、マルクス
ジーベルト、ゲオルク
シュテールライン、マルティン
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

加圧ガス媒体、特に加圧水素ガスを水素貯蔵容器に充填するための方法。充填の開始に先立ち瞬間的な加圧ガス媒体の吹き込みによって試験用インパクト圧力を貯蔵容器に送り込むことによって貯蔵容器の内圧測定を実行し、次いで貯蔵容器の内圧を前記内圧測定で確定された内圧値の関数として目標内圧値まで時間管理により昇圧制御しながら充填を行う。  A method for filling a hydrogen storage container with a pressurized gas medium, in particular pressurized hydrogen gas. Prior to the start of filling, the internal pressure of the storage container is measured by sending a test impact pressure into the storage container by instantaneously blowing a pressurized gas medium, and the internal pressure of the storage container is then determined by the internal pressure measurement. As a function, the filling is performed while controlling the pressure to the target internal pressure value by time management.

Description

本発明は、加圧ガス媒体、特に加圧水素ガスを貯蔵容器に充填するための方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for filling a storage container with a pressurized gas medium, in particular pressurized hydrogen gas.

例えば車両の貯蔵容器又はタンクに燃料としての加圧水素を充填するには、幾つかの一般的な貯蔵容器充填法が既に用いられている。これらの一般的な充填法によれば、車両の貯蔵タンクには１５℃で７００ｂａｒの圧力まで加圧水素を充填することが可能である。   For example, several common storage container filling methods have already been used to fill vehicle storage containers or tanks with pressurized hydrogen as fuel. According to these general filling methods, it is possible to fill the storage tank of the vehicle with pressurized hydrogen at 15 ° C. up to a pressure of 700 bar.

このため、これらの充填法には、車両タンクに過充填や過熱を生じることなく極めて多種多様な容量サイズの車両タンクに対して充填できることが求められている。一般に水素充填ステーションでは、規則として充填カップリングに組み込まれた通信ケーブル又は赤外線インターフェースを介して燃料補給対象車両との情報の通信が行われる。   For this reason, these filling methods are required to be able to fill vehicle tanks of a very wide variety of capacity sizes without causing overfilling or overheating of the vehicle tank. In general, in a hydrogen filling station, information is communicated with a vehicle to be refueled via a communication cable or an infrared interface incorporated in a filling coupling as a rule.

燃料補給対象車両から受信したタンク内の圧力や温度などの情報に応じて、特別に制御される流量制御弁が種々の異なる容量サイズの車両タンクへ個別に燃料補給できるようにＰＬＣ評価装置によって作動される。この流量制御弁は、通過流量を予め定められた範囲内に保持して通過流量が上限を超えないようにするためのものである。このような流量制御弁による制御は、充填ガスのマスフローの流速を修正又は確定するだけでなく、通過流量が或る限界よりも低流量又は高流量となったときに充填を中断させる機能も果たしている。   Actuated by the PLC evaluation device so that a specially controlled flow control valve can be individually refueled to various different capacity size vehicle tanks according to information such as pressure and temperature in the tank received from the refueling target vehicle Is done. This flow control valve is for keeping the passage flow rate within a predetermined range so that the passage flow rate does not exceed the upper limit. Such control by the flow control valve not only corrects or establishes the flow rate of the mass flow of the filling gas, but also functions to interrupt filling when the passing flow rate is lower or higher than a certain limit. Yes.

今のところ実現されている加圧水素ガス充填ステーションでは、水素の通過流量は固定調整チョークによって最大で１００ｇ／ｓに制限されている。しかしながら、比較的小形寸法の車両タンク（容量７５Ｌ未満）では、負のジュール−トムソン効果と水素の断熱圧縮によって充填中の車両タンクが過熱状態となる虞がある。従って、このような車両タンクには、一般的な加圧水素ガス充填ステーションでの充填は不可能である。   In the pressurized hydrogen gas filling station realized so far, the hydrogen flow rate is limited to a maximum of 100 g / s by a fixed adjustment choke. However, in a relatively small vehicle tank (capacity less than 75 L), the vehicle tank being filled may be overheated due to the negative Joule-Thomson effect and adiabatic compression of hydrogen. Accordingly, such a vehicle tank cannot be filled at a general pressurized hydrogen gas filling station.

しかしながら、自動車産業は、車両タンクの設計、従って車両タンクの容量サイズの独立性を要求しているため、当業者に対しては、前述の不都合を解消し、過充填や車両タンクの過熱を引き起こすことなく、多種多様な容量サイズの車両タンクに対する充填を可能とする充填法、即ち、加圧ガス媒体、特に加圧水素ガスを貯蔵容器に充填するための汎用的な充填法を提示することが課題とされている。   However, the automotive industry requires independence of the vehicle tank design, and hence the capacity size of the vehicle tank, to overcome the above disadvantages for those skilled in the art and cause overfilling and overheating of the vehicle tank. It is a problem to present a filling method that enables filling of vehicle tanks of various capacity sizes, that is, a general filling method for filling a storage container with a pressurized gas medium, particularly pressurized hydrogen gas. It is said that.

本発明は、上述の課題を達成するため、加圧ガス媒体、特に加圧水素ガスを貯蔵容器に充填するための汎用充填法を提供するものであり、この方法は、充填の開始に先立ち瞬間的な加圧ガス媒体の吹き込みによって試験用インパクト圧力を貯蔵容器に送り込むことによって貯蔵容器の内圧測定を実行し、次いで貯蔵容器の内圧を前記内圧測定で確定された内圧値の関数として目標内圧値まで時間管理により昇圧制御しながら充填を行うことを特徴とするものである。   The present invention provides a universal filling method for filling a storage container with a pressurized gas medium, particularly pressurized hydrogen gas, in order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, which method is instantaneous prior to the start of filling. The internal pressure measurement of the storage container is performed by sending the test impact pressure into the storage container by blowing in a pressurized gas medium, and then the internal pressure of the storage container is reached to the target internal pressure value as a function of the internal pressure value determined by the internal pressure measurement. The filling is performed while the pressure is controlled by time management.

本発明によれば、実際の充填プロセスの開始に先立ち貯蔵容器の内圧が測定される。このため、充填対象の車両タンクに充填カップリングが連結された後、いわゆるインパクト圧力試験、即ち、充填カップリングを介して貯蔵容器へ瞬間的に試験用の加圧ガス媒体を吹き込むことにより貯蔵容器の内圧測定が実行され、これにより一方では充填カップリングと車両タンクとの機械的連結に漏洩がないことがチェックされると共に、他方では貯蔵容器の内圧が正確に測定される。   According to the invention, the internal pressure of the storage container is measured prior to the start of the actual filling process. For this reason, after the filling coupling is connected to the vehicle tank to be filled, the storage container is constructed by instantaneously blowing a pressurized gas medium for testing into the storage container through a so-called impact pressure test, i.e., the filling coupling. An internal pressure measurement of the storage container is carried out, which on the one hand is checked for leaks in the mechanical connection between the filling coupling and the vehicle tank and on the other hand the internal pressure of the storage container is accurately measured.

このようにして確定された貯蔵容器内圧値の関数として、貯蔵容器の内圧を目標内圧値まで時間管理により時限的に昇圧制御しながら充填プロセスが実行される。この場合、先行して測定された内圧値を開始圧力とし、貯蔵容器の容量を始めとする寸法諸元、気温、充填加圧ガス媒体の温度と圧縮率及びジュール−トムソン効果の関数として充填対象貯蔵容器毎の最終的な目標圧力がコンピュータで計算される。水素ガス燃料の充填開始からの時間経過と共にコンピュータで計算される内圧が上記最終目標圧力に達したときに充填プロセスが終了され、この場合の最終目標圧力は、貯蔵容器の容量サイズごと予め定められた該貯蔵容器の最高動作温度に対応する最大許容動作圧力である。   As a function of the internal pressure value of the storage container thus determined, the filling process is executed while controlling the internal pressure of the storage container to the target internal pressure value in a timely manner by time management. In this case, the internal pressure value measured in advance is used as the starting pressure, and the object to be filled is a function of the dimensional specifications including the capacity of the storage container, the temperature, the temperature and compressibility of the pressurized pressurized gas medium, and the Joule-Thomson effect. A final target pressure for each storage vessel is calculated by the computer. When the internal pressure calculated by the computer reaches the final target pressure with the passage of time from the start of the filling of the hydrogen gas fuel, the filling process is terminated. In this case, the final target pressure is predetermined for each capacity size of the storage container. And the maximum allowable operating pressure corresponding to the maximum operating temperature of the storage container.

本発明による加圧ガス媒体、特に加圧水素ガスを貯蔵容器に充填するための方法によれば、貯蔵容器の容量サイズに関わりなく、充填すべき貯蔵容器に対する過充填や過熱を効果的に回避することが可能である。   The method for filling a storage container with a pressurized gas medium, in particular pressurized hydrogen gas, according to the present invention effectively avoids overfilling and overheating of the storage container to be filled regardless of the capacity size of the storage container. It is possible.

本発明による貯蔵容器の充填方法によれば、前記時間管理による昇圧制御によって充填対象の貯蔵容器に充填する加圧媒体の質量を更に増加させることができ、これは、本発明によって充填中の貯蔵容器の温度上昇が制御でき、しかもこの温度上昇が各容量サイズのタンクで同じだからである。従って、従来は必要であった複雑な制御技術や、前述の赤外線インターフェースなどの高価な部品要素は、もはや不要である。   According to the filling method of the storage container according to the present invention, the mass of the pressurized medium filled in the storage container to be filled can be further increased by the pressurization control based on the time management. This is because the temperature rise of the container can be controlled, and this temperature rise is the same in each capacity size tank. Therefore, complicated control techniques that have been necessary in the past and expensive component elements such as the above-described infrared interface are no longer necessary.

従来技術では必要であった充填対象車両と充填ステーションとの間の通信ケーブル等が不要であると言うことから本発明による充填方法は比較的安価であり、このことはまた、本発明によって加圧ガス媒体を貯蔵容器に充填する方法の更なる効果をもたらすものであり、特に未習熟者が充填操作を行う場合に利点がある。例えば、何らかのアクシデントによる通信の中断など、従来技術で用いられていた赤外線インターフェースに関連する不都合はもはや発生しない。   The filling method according to the present invention is relatively inexpensive because a communication cable or the like between the vehicle to be filled and the filling station, which was necessary in the prior art, is not necessary. This brings about the further effect of the method of filling the storage medium with the gas medium, and is particularly advantageous when an unskilled person performs the filling operation. For example, inconveniences related to the infrared interface used in the prior art such as interruption of communication due to some accident no longer occur.

本発明によって加圧ガス媒体を貯蔵容器に充填する方法は、加圧水素ガスを貯蔵容器に充填する場合に限定されるものではない。本発明による方法は、充填プロセス中に前記時間制御による昇圧を要する水素以外の加圧ガス媒体の充填にも適用可能である。   The method of filling the storage container with the pressurized gas medium according to the present invention is not limited to the case of filling the storage container with the pressurized hydrogen gas. The method according to the present invention can also be applied to the filling of a pressurized gas medium other than hydrogen which requires the time-controlled pressure increase during the filling process.

Claims (1)

加圧ガス媒体又は加圧水素ガスを貯蔵容器に充填するための方法であって、充填の開始に先立ち瞬間的な加圧ガス媒体の吹き込みによって試験用インパクト圧力を貯蔵容器に送り込むことによって貯蔵容器の内圧測定を実行し、次いで貯蔵容器の内圧を前記内圧測定で確定された内圧値の関数として目標内圧値まで時間管理により昇圧制御しながら充填を行うことを特徴とする貯蔵容器充填法。   A method for filling a storage container with a pressurized gas medium or a pressurized hydrogen gas, wherein a test impact pressure is fed into the storage container by instantaneously blowing the pressurized gas medium prior to the start of filling. A storage container filling method comprising performing an internal pressure measurement, and then performing filling while controlling the internal pressure of the storage container to a target internal pressure value as a function of the internal pressure value determined by the internal pressure measurement by time management.
JP2009553029A 2007-03-13 2008-02-12 Method for filling hydrogen storage container Pending JP2010520977A (en)

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DE102007012080A DE102007012080A1 (en) 2007-03-13 2007-03-13 Method for filling a hydrogen storage tank
PCT/EP2008/001060 WO2008110240A1 (en) 2007-03-13 2008-02-12 Method for filling a hydrogen storage container

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