JP2010206880A - Vehicle power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle power supply device capable of efficiently supplying power from a generator to an electric load while reducing the size and extending the life.
A generator 170 that generates AC power and an electric load 180 driven by the AC power are electrically connected, and the connection unit converts the input AC power into another characteristic. AC / AC conversion unit (matrix converter 110) for converting the AC power into the AC power.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle power supply device used in a vehicle such as an automobile.

  In recent years, hybrid cars and electric cars have attracted attention from the viewpoint of environmental protection, and their development has been rapidly advanced. These automobiles have a configuration in which driving power of driving wheels is obtained by converting DC power from a power source having a secondary battery into AC power and driving the motor with AC power. A hybrid car is an electric vehicle that shares an engine and an electric motor, and is a kind of electric vehicle in a broad sense. Therefore, in this specification, for the sake of convenience, unless otherwise specified, the term “electric vehicle” is used in a broad sense including a hybrid car.

As a conventional vehicle power supply device used for an electric vehicle having the above-described configuration as a power source, for example, one described in Patent Document 1 is known. Patent Document 1 uses a converter (AC / DC conversion) when supplying AC power from an electric generator to an electric load in an electric vehicle, for example, when converting three-phase AC into arbitrary three-phase AC. A configuration is disclosed in which an alternating current is converted into a direct current, a direct current voltage is changed using a DC / DC converter, and then a direct current is converted again into an arbitrary three-phase alternating current using an inverter (DC / AC conversion). Yes.
JP 2000-59919 A

  However, in the above-described conventional vehicle power supply device, when alternating current is converted into arbitrary alternating current, since multi-stage conversion is performed, there is a problem in that loss occurs during conversion and conversion efficiency decreases. Further, since a smoothing capacitor is used for the DC / DC converter, there is a problem in terms of miniaturization and long life.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a vehicle power supply device capable of efficiently supplying power from a generator to an electric load while reducing the size and extending the service life. With the goal.

  The power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention has a connection portion that electrically connects a generator that generates AC power and an electric load driven by the AC power, and the connection portion receives the input AC power. A configuration having an AC / AC conversion unit that converts AC power into another characteristic is adopted. Preferably, the AC / AC conversion unit is a matrix converter.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electric power supply from a generator to an electric load can be performed efficiently, aiming at size reduction and long life.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a power supply system including a vehicle power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  A power supply system 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a matrix converter 110, an AC / DC converter 120, a power supply 130, a battery sensor 132, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 140, a generator 170, and an in-vehicle electric load 180. . Among the above components, matrix converter 110, AC / DC converter 120, power supply 130, battery sensor 132, and ECU 140 constitute a power supply device.

The generator 170 has a motor (for example, a three-phase motor). This motor is typically a motor in a motor generator, and functions as a starter that operates when the engine of the vehicle is started, and is rotated by the power transmitted from the drive wheels when the vehicle is decelerated or braked. It also has a function as a generator that converts energy (regenerative energy). The AC power generated by this energy conversion is supplied to the matrix converter 110 and the AC / DC converter 120. For example, when the generator 170 is a three-phase motor, three-phase alternating currents U _G , V _G , and W _G are output.

A rotation angle θ _G of the generator 170 (for example, a three-phase motor) is detected by a rotation angle sensor 172 attached to the generator 170.

The in-vehicle electric load 180 is, for example, a motor (for example, a three-phase motor) for driving a compressor for air conditioning in the vehicle interior. That is, this compressor is a motor-driven compressor (that is, an electric compressor). Therefore, this compressor can perform inverter control and frequent on / off control, and can realize significant energy efficiency as compared with an engine-driven compressor. For example, if the electric load 180 is a three-phase motor, three-phase alternating current _{U D,} V _{D, W} D is input.

The rotation angle θ _D of the electric load 180 (for example, a three-phase motor) is detected by a rotation angle sensor 182 attached to the electric load 180.

  The power supply 130 has a secondary battery that can be charged and discharged. In a regenerative system that collects regenerative energy during vehicle braking, another power source is provided in addition to the power source used in a conventional system (not shown). The power source corresponding to the conventional system is called a main power source, and the other is called a sub power source. Usually, the main power supply includes a cell unit of a secondary battery (for example, Pb-based battery) that has resistance to load and continuous charge required when starting the engine, and the sub-power supply has regenerative energy with high time variability. In order to efficiently recover the battery, a cell unit of a secondary battery (for example, a Ni-based battery, a Li-based battery, a capacitor, etc.) of a type superior in charge / discharge characteristics compared to the main power source is included. The power supply 130 corresponds to a sub power supply. That is, the power source 130 is preferably a secondary battery with excellent charge / discharge characteristics in order to efficiently recover regenerative energy and supply electric power to the electric load 180.

  In addition, the power supply 130 may be comprised from the single cell unit, and may be comprised by connecting the several cell unit in series.

  Moreover, when the electric power stored in the power supply 130 is not used for driving the drive wheels, the capacity of the power supply 130 can be reduced and the size can be reduced.

  An input terminal of the matrix converter 110 is connected to the generator 170, and an output terminal of the matrix converter 110 is connected to the electric load 180. As an AC / AC converter, the matrix converter 110 converts the input AC power into AC power having different characteristics (voltage, frequency, phase). That is, the matrix converter 110 is a direct conversion type power conversion device that directly controls a power supply voltage by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and outputs an arbitrary voltage, frequency, and phase. Has a direct conversion function. The AC power converted into the desired AC by the matrix converter 110 is supplied to the electric load 180. As will be described later, matrix converter 110 is configured to receive a control signal from ECU 140 and operates in accordance with this control signal.

  One feature of the present invention is that, as an application example of a power conversion system for supplying power from an AC power source to an AC load, an electric load 180 is directly connected to a generator 170 via a matrix converter 110 as shown in FIG. It is in the point which takes composition. Thus, the conventional configuration of generator → converter (AC / DC conversion) → DC / DC converter (voltage change) → inverter (DC / AC conversion) → electric load is called generator → matrix converter → electric load. It becomes a structure and the efficiency fall by multistep power conversion can be suppressed. Further, when the generator and the electric load are directly connected, the rotation speed of the electric load is synchronized with the generation frequency of the generator. The frequency of the electromotive force generated by the generator is proportional to the vehicle speed. When this electromotive force is used for driving a vehicle, the output frequency and the frequency of the electromotive force are correlated with each other. It is. On the other hand, in a regenerative system that recovers kinetic energy during braking, regenerative energy is electric power that is obtained as the vehicle's moving speed changes. In order to efficiently recover, convert, and supply this energy, supply It must be designed on the assumption that the frequency of power changes greatly. Furthermore, when driving an electric load based on a control different from the vehicle speed (for example, a compressor driving of a vehicle air conditioning system), it is necessary to supply electric power with a period based on a control signal, interposing a matrix converter 110, This requirement can also be satisfied by stably controlling and outputting the required output frequency on the assumption that the frequency of the input power changes.

  The input terminal of the AC / DC converter 120 is connected to the generator 170, and the output terminal of the AC / DC converter 120 is connected to the power source 130. The AC / DC converter 120 electrically generates DC power from the AC power supplied from the generator 170. The direct current power generated by the AC / DC converter 120 is supplied to the power supply 130. Thereby, the power supply 130 is charged. As will be described later, AC / DC converter 120 is configured to receive a control signal from ECU 140, and operates in accordance with the control signal.

  The battery sensor 132 detects the battery state (for example, charging voltage, charging / discharging current, temperature, etc.) of the power supply 130 and transmits a notification signal indicating the detected battery state to the ECU 140.

ECU140 the various notification signals, for example, notification signal indicating or notification signal indicating the power generation state of the generator 170, the battery state of the power supply 130, notification signal indicative of a load output, the notification indicating the rotation angle theta _D of the electric load 180 A matrix converter 110 and an AC / DC converter 120 are each generated based on a signal or the like, and the generated control signal is transmitted to the matrix converter 110 and the AC / DC converter 120, respectively. 110 and AC / DC converter 120 are controlled.

  Note that the notification signal indicating the power generation state may indicate only the presence or absence of power generation, or may indicate the magnitude of electromotive force.

  The load output indicated by the notification signal is a target value for controlling the driving of the electric load 180, for example, in the case of an electric compressor for air conditioning, the power supplied to the compressor driving motor (for example, in the case of VV-VF control) , Driving voltage and frequency). Here, VV-VF (Variable Voltage-Variable Frequency) control is control for operating the drive voltage simultaneously with the rotational speed.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a main part of the power supply system 100 illustrated in FIG. In particular, FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration of the matrix converter 110 shown in FIG.

The matrix converter 110 shown in FIG. 2 is a so-called direct type, in which three input phases and three output phases are directly connected by a bidirectional switch group 112 (switching unit) using semiconductor elements capable of high-speed switching. Configured. That is, the direct matrix converter 110 is configured to connect all three-phase AC input sources and three-phase AC output sources by nine bidirectional switches S1 to S9. Each of the switches S1 to S9 is turned on and off by PWM at high speed. For example, if focusing on one phase, three-phase alternating current _{U G,} V G, the respective phases U of _{W G,} V, from is W, the respective switches S1, S2, S3 switches timely desired alternating current U phase terminal Output power. Thereby, the direct conversion from a three-phase alternating current to arbitrary three-phase alternating current is implement | achieved.

Switching operations of the switches S1 to S9 constituting the bidirectional switch group 112 are controlled by the control unit 114. Specifically, the control unit 114, a generator 170 (e.g., three-phase motor) rotation angle theta _{G of} the electric load 180 (e.g., three-phase motor) rotation angle theta _D of and target output voltage and output _frequency, Based on the value, the switching operation of each of the switches S1 to S9 is controlled.

  On the input side of the matrix converter 110, an LC filter 150 as a ripple component removal unit is provided to remove a ripple component of PWM switching.

  The above configuration is the basic form of the present invention.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration in which an inverter is added to power supply system 100 shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The power supply system 100a shown in FIG. 3 further includes an inverter 160 in addition to the components shown in FIG. The inverter 160 also constitutes a power supply device.

An input terminal of the inverter 160 is connected to the power source 130, and an output terminal of the inverter 160 is connected to the electric load 180. As an DC / AC converter, the inverter 160 electrically generates AC power from DC power supplied from the power supply 130. Specifically, for example, the inverter 160 is a three-phase output inverter using six switching elements, and voltage, frequency, and phase variable control by the PWM method is performed. As a result, the inverter 160 outputs three-phase alternating currents U ′ _D , V ′ _D , and W ′ _D. The AC power generated by the inverter 160 is supplied to the electric load 180.

Inverter 160 is configured to receive a control signal from ECU 140 and operates according to the control signal. Further, the inverter 160, the notification signal is also input which indicates the rotation angle theta _D of the electric load 180.

That is, in this case, the ECU 140 performs various notification signals (for example, a notification signal indicating the power generation state of the generator 170, a notification signal indicating the battery state of the power supply 130, a notification signal indicating the load output, and the rotation angle of the electric load 180). based on the notification signal etc.) indicating the theta _D, matrix converter 110, AC / DC converter 120, and generates a control signal for controlling the inverter 160, respectively, the matrix converter 110 the generated control signal, AC / DC converter 120 and the inverter 160, respectively, to control the operations of the matrix converter 110, the AC / DC converter 120, and the inverter 160, respectively.

  Thereby, in the power supply system 100 a shown in FIG. 3, the supply of AC power to the electric load 180 is performed directly from the generator 170 via the matrix converter 110 or from the power supply 130 via the inverter 160.

  Next, the operation of the power supply system 100a shown in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an application example of the power supply system 100a shown in FIG. Here, a case where the electric load 180 is the compressor drive motor 184 will be described as an example.

  The ECU 140 generates a control signal that causes the matrix converter 110, the AC / DC converter 120, and the inverter 160 to operate, for example, as described below, and the generated control signal is used as the matrix converter 110, the AC / DC converter 120, and the inverter 160. Send to each.

  Matrix converter 110 and inverter 160 are driven when it is necessary to drive compressor drive motor 184. AC power converted into desired AC power by the matrix converter 110 is output from the generator 170. Further, the DC power converted into desired AC power by the inverter 160 is DC power output from the power supply 130.

  When the compressor drive motor 184 is driven by the electric power generated by the generator 170, the matrix converter 110 is driven. The matrix converter 110 converts the AC power output from the generator 170 into desired AC power and supplies it to the compressor drive motor 184. At this time, the matrix converter 110 controls the internal switching operation so that the AC power supplied to the compressor drive motor 184 becomes an optimum value.

Specifically, for example, the matrix converter 110 receives the rotation angle information θ _G of the generator 170 from the rotation angle sensor 172, and uses the input rotation angle information θ _G to output the AC power output from the generator 170. Specify phase information. Then, the matrix converter 110 uses the specified phase information so that AC power having a target voltage, frequency, and phase is output, so that each switch constituting the bidirectional switch group 112 in FIG. The switching operation of S1 to S9) is controlled.

On the other hand, when the compressor drive motor 184 is driven by the electric power discharged from the power supply 130, the inverter 160 is driven. The inverter 160 converts the DC power output from the power source 130 into desired AC power and supplies it to the compressor drive motor 184. At this time, in order to perform the power combining of the outputs of the matrix converter 110 of the inverter 160 efficiently, it is necessary to match both the frequency, phase, voltage, Ya rotation angle theta _D of the compressor drive motor 184 Phase control is performed using switch control information from the matrix converter. At this time, the inverter 160 controls the internal switching operation so that the AC power supplied to the compressor drive motor 184 becomes an optimum value. For example, the inverter 160 generates three-phase alternating currents U ′ _D , V ′ _D , and W ′ _D in accordance with the phase of the power line of the compressor drive motor 184.

  The power supply from the generator 170 to the compressor drive motor 184 and the power supply from the power supply 130 to the compressor drive motor 184 can be performed separately or simultaneously. In particular, the simultaneous execution of these power supplies is advantageous in that the load can be distributed when the compressor drive motor 184 starts from the stopped state and the inrush current increases. Whether to supply these electric powers separately or simultaneously, and how to distribute the electric power in the case of simultaneous electric power supply, is determined based on, for example, the power generation state of the generator 170 and the state of charge of the power source 130. be able to.

  The above-described operation and the above-described effects are realized particularly by the delta (Δ) structure of the matrix converter 110, the AC / DC converter 120, and the inverter 160.

  Specifically, a matrix converter 110 is provided in a basic system connection portion that electrically connects the generator 170 and the electric load 180 (compressor drive motor 184). In addition, an AC / DC converter 120 is provided at a connection portion of a charging system that electrically connects the generator 170 and the power source 130. In addition, an inverter 160 is provided at a connecting portion of the discharge system that electrically connects the power supply 130 and the electric load 180 (compressor driving motor 184).

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a modification of the power supply system 100a shown in FIG. 4, and shows a case where the power supply 130, the electric load 180 in the vehicle, and the like can be driven by supplying power from a commercial power supply. In FIG. 5, the same components as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In addition to the components shown in FIG. 4, the power supply system 100b shown in FIG. 5 further includes a power plug 190 connected to a general commercial power supply (for example, 100V power supply) and a PFC (Power Factor Correction) fuse switch 192. Have.

  PFC fuse switch 192 is connected to AC / DC converter 120 and ECU 140, respectively. The PFC fuse switch 192 includes a fuse that automatically cuts off an overcurrent, a sensor that detects power supply, and a switch that cuts off the power supply line. When power is supplied from a commercial power supply, the power supply information is sent to the ECU 140. In response to the charge switch control signal from the ECU 140, the switch connected to the power line is opened and closed. The PFC improves the power factor of the input power supply. When the commercial power supply and the vehicle-mounted system are insulated, an insulating transformer is inserted into either the PFC fuse switch 192 or the AC / DC converter 120, but supplied to the insulating transformer by a matrix converter separately provided in the PFC fuse switch 192. By increasing the power frequency to be performed, the efficiency of the isolation transformer is improved. In addition, the alternating current supplied from a commercial power supply is put into arbitrary one phase of the three-phase alternating current supplied from the generator 170, and AC / DC conversion is performed.

  With this configuration, air conditioning before boarding is also possible. Assuming that electric power is supplied from the outside of the vehicle and pre-boarding air conditioning is performed with this electric power, the power supply path to the compressor drive motor 184 is as follows: commercial power source → AC / DC converter 120 → power source 130 → inverter 160 → compressor drive motor 184 And commercial power source → AC / DC converter 120 → matrix converter 110 → compressor drive motor 184. In this case, a method of selectively implementing only one of the paths or a method of performing simultaneously is possible.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration in which a power converter is added to the power supply system shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, the same components as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The matrix converter 110 is a module that converts alternating current into alternating current with different characteristics (voltage, frequency, phase) as described above. When operating the electric load 180 (for example, the compressor drive motor 184), it is necessary to convert alternating current into a desired voltage, frequency, and phase. However, the matrix converter 110 cannot accurately convert unless the input voltage, frequency, and phase at that time are known. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, the generator 170 has a feature that the voltage and frequency of the electromotive force change depending on the rotational speed of the rotor. FIG. 7A shows the case where the rotational speed of the electric motor 170 is x, and FIG. 7B shows the case where the rotational speed of the electric motor 170 is y (x ≠ y).

  It is difficult to measure the voltage and frequency of such a signal that varies in voltage and frequency. Therefore, by inputting the value obtained by reading the rotation angle of the rotor by the sensor 172 to the matrix converter 110, it is possible to read the more accurate rotation angle (phase / frequency) and the voltage from the residue. Based on the estimated value, the voltage, frequency, and phase of the alternating current supplied to the electric load 180 are controlled.

  That is, since the voltage and frequency of the electromotive force change depending on the number of rotations of the rotor, when the generator 170 is directly connected to the electric load 180 (for example, the compressor drive motor 184), the electric load 180 is set to a desired value. Can't get action. Therefore, the output of the electric load 180 can be freely set by connecting the generator 170 and the electric load 180 via the matrix converter 110 that converts the alternating current output from the generator 170 into a desired voltage, frequency, and phase. It becomes possible to do.

  However, since the matrix converter 110 converts the input voltage by PWM control, it has only a function to lower the voltage (step down).

  Therefore, in the power supply system 100c shown in FIG. 6, a power converter 155 is provided on the input side of the matrix converter 110 as a voltage conversion (boost) unit that increases the voltage of the input AC power.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the power converter 155. 8A shows the case where the rotational speed of the electric motor 170 is x, and FIG. 8B shows the case where the rotational speed of the electric motor 170 is y (x ≠ y), and FIG. 7A and FIG. 7 (B). As shown in FIG. 8, the power converter 155 increases the output of the generator 170 only in voltage (step-up).

  Here, another configuration example of the matrix converter 110 will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the matrix converter 110 shown in FIG.

  The matrix converter 110 shown in FIG. 9 is of a so-called indirect type. The indirect matrix converter substantially performs AC / DC / AC conversion (the middle DC is referred to as “virtual DC”) and has a configuration of a PWM rectifier and a PWM inverter. In this indirect matrix converter, the operations of the switches S1 to S9 of the direct matrix converter shown in FIG. 2 are equivalent to the switches SG1 and SG′1 corresponding to the AC / DC conversion of the indirect matrix converter, and the DC / AC conversion. Is obtained from SD1 and SD′1 corresponding to. The code | symbol which attach | subjects a symbol "'means the switch by the side where the electric potential of DC is low. The relationship between the direct matrix converter shown in FIG. 2 and the indirect matrix converter shown in FIG. 9 is given by the equation shown in FIG.

  A feature of the indirect matrix converter is that a virtual DC is generated by PWM rectification of input AC power. For this reason, direct-current power can be directly supplied from the power supply 130 to this virtual DC. In this case, it is not necessary to insert an inverter. In addition, by performing power conversion (step-up or step-down) with virtual DC, it is possible to realize power conversion (step-up or step-down) more simply than performing power conversion (step-up or high-pressure) for three lines. In addition, in power conversion for three lines, variation may occur between lines, but in virtual DC, variation in power conversion essentially does not occur. Further, as described in the explanation of the operation of the inverter 160, the power supply from the power source 130 in the virtual DC has been described as requiring the synchronization of the voltage, frequency, and phase elements of the three-phase alternating current. Has a feature that is unnecessary. On the other hand, in the direct matrix converter, the switches for direct conversion from three-phase alternating current to three-phase alternating current can be kept at nine places, and the efficiency improvement by direct conversion is expected.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the switching operation of the indirect matrix converter.

  In FIG. 11, the switching operations are all focused on one phase of the indirect matrix converter. In the AC / DC conversion, the power line having the highest potential and the power line having the lowest potential are selected from the power lines having three phases and connected to the high potential side and the low potential side of the virtual DC line, respectively. During the time when the potentials of the two power lines intersect, it is possible to select one of the power lines, and it is possible to increase the efficiency by connecting the power lines so as to receive power from both power lines. In this case, the power line to be gradually selected is shifted by turning on / off the switch. In FIG. 11 (A), the switching operation of SG1 and SG′1 shows shading, and the power is in the vicinity of 0V (the other power lines are connected to the high potential / low potential) for a certain period of time. This is why there is an off state. Similarly, in DC / AC conversion (FIG. 11B), a waveform is created by PWM modulation of the high potential and low potential of the virtual DC, and the output potential is 0 V (to the virtual ground potential in three-phase AC). Before and after crossing (corresponding), switching of the switching operation of SD1 and SD′1 is deep (the switching is intense), and becomes light (the switching is less) as the potential becomes higher (lower).

  The configuration shown in FIG. 9 is compared with the formula shown in FIG.

The SGx and SG′x switch groups have a function to shift the frequency on the input side (denoted as “f _in ”) to DC, and the SDx and SD′x switch groups output the power of the virtual DC. It has a function of shifting the frequency to the side frequency (denoted as “f _out ”).

  First, paying attention to the control of the switch group composed of SGx / SG′x, for simple control, it is possible to simply measure the potential in each phase and switch the switch depending on the level of the potential. A diode rectifier is known as a configuration limited to functions. While this method has a feature that it can be easily controlled regardless of the frequency of the input power (electromotive force generated by the generator 170), the efficiency is limited because power combining by a plurality of power lines is not performed. On the other hand, according to the frequency and phase of input power, the power supply can be supplied with maximum efficiency by PWM combining power line connections. However, in this method, it is necessary to specify (measure or estimate) the frequency and phase of the input power and to perform switch control in accordance with it. However, as described above, it is not easy to specify the frequency and phase in a signal in which the rotation speed and voltage change like the electromotive force characteristics of the generator 170. Therefore, by using the rotor rotation angle installed in the generator 170 as auxiliary information for specifying the frequency and phase described above, it is possible to perform switch group control easily and accurately, and realize high-efficiency PWM synthesis. can do.

  On the other hand, attention is paid to the control of the switch group constituted by SDx / SD′x. The information controlled by this switch group is the frequency, phase, and voltage of the output power. Since these are control signals that are guided by the load output given to the ECU 140 and are input to the control unit 114 of the matrix converter 110, they are measured and estimated from external signals as in the above-described control of SGx / SG'x. Information is not required. In order to send output power efficiently, it is important to control the phase and frequency according to the state of the electric load 180 (for example, the rotational speed of the drive motor and the rotor rotation angle). By adjusting the SDx / SD′x switching according to the rotation angle signal, high-efficiency control can be performed.

Although the control of SGx / SG′x and SDx / SD′x has been described above, the switch group (S1 to S9) of the direct matrix converter is obtained by the matrix product of these control signals (the formula given in FIG. 10). ). As can be seen from the above description, S1 to S9 are given by the product of the input frequency (f _in ) component and the output frequency (f _out ) component, and the desired frequency of high efficiency can be obtained regardless of the frequency of the input power. In order to obtain the output power, sensor information for obtaining the input frequency is used, or the rotation frequency is estimated from the input power, and the frequency component (f _in ) of the input power is removed using these pieces of information, and the load It is important to perform control so that the frequency component (f _out ) of the output power corresponds to the situation change on the side.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the generator 170 and the electric load 180 are directly connected via the matrix converter 110, the number of conversion stages can be reduced as compared with the conventional configuration, and there are multiple stages. It is possible to reduce the conversion loss due to the power conversion and suppress the decrease in efficiency. That is, it is possible to efficiently supply power from the generator to the electric load as compared with the conventional configuration.

  Further, since a DC / DC converter is not used, a smoothing capacitor is unnecessary, and a reduction in size and extension of life can be achieved.

(Embodiment 2)
Embodiment 2 is a case where the position of the power converter shown in FIG. 6 is changed.

  FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power supply system including a vehicle power supply device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The power supply system 100d has a basic configuration similar to that of the power supply system 100c shown in FIG. 6, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, power converter 155 is provided on the input side of matrix converter 110 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 6, whereas power converter 155a is provided on the output side of matrix converter 110. Yes. The power converter 155a increases the voltage of the AC power output from the matrix converter 110 as a voltage conversion (boost) unit.

  As described above, since matrix converter 110 performs PWM conversion, control by step-down is possible, but there is no function for step-up. When the electromotive force voltage from the generator 170 is low and the voltage required for the electric load 180 (for example, the compressor drive motor 184) is high, the voltage needs to be boosted by power conversion. In particular, for efficient motor control, VV-VF (Variable Voltage-Variable Frequency) control, that is, control for operating the drive voltage simultaneously with the rotation speed is important. Therefore, in order to realize this, power conversion is an important existence.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, since power converter 155a is provided to control the output voltage of matrix converter 110, efficient control of electric load 180 can be performed using VV-VF control. .

(Embodiment 3)
The third embodiment is a case where boosting is performed using an inverter.

  FIG. 13: is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the principal part of the power supply system containing the vehicle power supply device which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. The power supply system 100e has a basic configuration similar to that of the power supply system 100a shown in FIG. 3, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, a DC / DC converter 165 is connected between the power supply 130 and the inverter 160. Further, the inverter 160 and the DC / DC converter 165 are configured to be given switching parameters in the matrix converter 110, respectively.

  According to this configuration, the control unit 114 of the matrix converter 110 and the control unit of the inverter 160 can be combined into one, and the control of the inverter 160 with simple and high accuracy, the highly efficient power supply 130 power, and the three-phase AC power can be achieved. Enabling the synthesis of

  Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given with reference to FIG.

  As described in the first embodiment, S1 to S9 are obtained by a matrix product composed of SGx, SG'x and SDx, SD'x (formula shown in FIG. 10). Here, SDx / SD′x is a PWM synthesis switch control group for converting virtual DC into output power, and the configuration thereof is the same as that of the inverter 160 shown in FIG. 13. This suggests that when the SDx / SD′x is replaced with the Six / Si′x, the frequency / phase to which the matrix converter 110 intends to control the output is matched. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, when the matrix converter 110 and the inverter 160 are controlled separately, the matrix converter 110 and the inverter 160 are based on control information given from the ECU 140, information fed back by the electric load 180, and the like. However, it is possible to easily construct a high-performance and high-efficiency system by constructing this configuration.

  In the above description, the control method for synchronizing the frequency and phase of the matrix converter 110 and the inverter 160 has been described. Hereinafter, a method for controlling the voltage will be described.

  As described above, it is known that the voltage of the electromotive force generated by the generator 170 changes, and among the equations shown in FIG. 10, SGx / SG′x is a function of removing frequency components of input power. And the function of controlling the voltage of the virtual DC power shown in FIG. Therefore, the matrix converter 110 calculates the voltage of the input power from the signal amplitude of the input power line and the information of the rotation angle sensor, and controls the voltage of the virtual DC power based on this value (the voltage of the virtual DC component is desired). When the voltage is lower than the voltage, it is necessary to boost the voltage by power conversion as shown in FIGS.

  In general, the voltage of the power source (for example, the secondary battery) 130 is low with respect to the electric load 180 (for example, the compressor drive motor 184). The switching control of Sc1 / Sc'1 is performed so that this boost width becomes the same as the voltage of the virtual DC power controlled by the matrix converter 110 by SGx / SG'x. At the same time, the frequency, phase, and voltage are controlled in order to convert direct current into alternating current. The frequency and phase are controlled as described above, and with respect to the voltage, the DC / DC converter 165 control by Sc1 / Sc'1 and the Six / It is controlled by inverter 160 control (PWM control) by Si′x, and since both are the same as the parameters used for the control of the matrix converter 110, they are matched with high accuracy.

  As described above, switching of the transistors incorporated in the inverter 160 is performed by switching the matrix SDx (x = 1, 2, 3) (switching parameter for AC / DC conversion of input power) and SGx shown in the equation of FIG. (X = 1, 2, 3) (switching parameters for DC / AC conversion of DC power), SGx switching parameters contain information for controlling AC frequency, phase, and voltage. Therefore, it is possible to easily control the frequency, phase, and voltage of the output of the inverter 160.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the power supplied to the electric load 180 can be boosted using the inverter 160. Therefore, the electric load 180 can be efficiently controlled using the VV-VF control with a simple configuration. It can be carried out.

  The vehicle power supply device according to the present invention is useful as a vehicle power supply device that can efficiently supply power from a generator to an electric load while reducing the size and extending the life.

The block diagram which shows the basic composition of the power supply system containing the vehicle power supply device which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. The block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the principal part of the power supply system shown in FIG. Block diagram showing a configuration in which an inverter is added to the power supply system shown in FIG. Block diagram showing an application example of the power supply system shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows the example of a change of the power supply system shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows the structure which added the power converter to the power supply system shown in FIG. Diagram showing the relationship between generator speed and electromotive force voltage / frequency The figure for demonstrating the effect | action of the power converter shown in FIG. The figure which shows the other example of a structure of the matrix converter shown in FIG. The figure which shows the formula which prescribes | regulates the relationship between the direct type | mold matrix converter shown in FIG. 2, and the indirect type | mold matrix converter shown in FIG. The figure for demonstrating the switching operation | movement of the indirect type | mold matrix converter shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows the structure of the power supply system containing the vehicle power supply device which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. The block diagram which shows an example of a structure of the principal part of the power supply system containing the vehicle power supply device which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention.

100, 100a, 100b, 100c, 100d, 100e Power supply system 110 Matrix converter 120 AC / DC converter 130 Power supply 132 Battery sensor 140 Engine control unit (ECU)
150 LC Filter 155, 155a Power Converter 160 Inverter 165 DC / DC Converter 170 Generator 172, 182 Rotation Angle Sensor 180 Electric Load 184 Compressor Drive Motor 190 Power Plug 192 PFC Fuse Switch

Claims (9)

Having a connection part for electrically connecting a generator for generating AC power and an electric load driven by AC power;
The connecting portion is
An AC / AC converter that converts the input AC power into AC power having another characteristic;
Vehicle power supply device. On the input side of the AC / AC converter, a ripple component removing unit that removes a ripple component included in the input AC power is provided.
The power supply device for vehicles according to claim 1. A DC / AC converter connected to the output side of the AC / AC converter for converting DC power into AC power;
The vehicle power supply device according to claim 1, further comprising: On the input side of the AC / AC converter, a voltage converter that increases the voltage of the input AC power is provided.
The power supply device for vehicles according to claim 1. On the output side of the AC / AC converter, a voltage converter that increases the voltage of the output AC power is provided.
The power supply device for vehicles according to claim 1. The AC / AC converter is
A switching unit that converts AC power by switching operation;
An input unit for inputting rotation angle information of the generator;
Using the input rotation angle information, a specifying unit that specifies phase information of AC power output from the generator;
Using the identified phase information, a control unit that controls the switching operation of the switching unit so that the target voltage, frequency, and phase AC power is output
The power supply device for vehicles according to claim 1 which has. The AC / AC converter is a matrix converter.
The vehicle power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The electric load is a drive motor of a compressor for air conditioning in a vehicle interior.
The vehicle power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. An electric vehicle comprising the vehicle power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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