JP2010274249A - nozzle - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
There are many fields that require a mist with a fine and uniform particle size distribution, but it is unavoidable to use high-pressure liquid pumps, high-pressure compressors, and large-capacity compressors. There was no system for obtaining fog.
[Solution]
The present invention realizes generation of a mist having a very narrow particle size distribution range with a low pressure and a small amount of air by an appropriate combination of an orifice structure, a swirl flow generator, and a rectifying cylinder arranged on the same axis. Specifically, the inner cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder 1 are arranged coaxially, and a swirling flow generator 3 is provided in the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to generate a swirling flow by a groove or a hole structure. In this case, an orifice structure 11 is provided for narrowing the flow path of the fluid in the outer cylinder and increasing the flow velocity of the fluid in the outer cylinder.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to, for example, a nozzle, and more particularly to a two-fluid nozzle that controls the particle size of a mist within a narrow range in accordance with the use of the mist while keeping the low-pressure air flow and the delivery pressure of the liquid to be atomized as low as possible.

  Various industries are demanding to spray fine mist droplets. As one method for meeting this demand, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, the liquid to be ejected is leaked from the hole, a liquid film (prefilm) is formed on the surface of the annular body, and this is ejected with pressure. A pre-filmer type air blast atomizing nozzle that ejects fine mist droplets is known.

  However, in the pre-filmer type air blast atomization nozzle, it is proposed that a liquid film of liquid is generated at the upstream part of the nozzle and atomized by air blast at the nozzle tip. Due to the complicated shape, special manufacturing techniques and methods are required, and it is difficult to control the particle size of the mist droplets. In addition, since the opening of the liquid film forming body must be generally wider than the normal nozzle opening, a large volume of air is required to obtain a high-speed air flow. The pre-filmer type air blast atomization nozzle seems to enable spraying at a relatively low pressure, but there is no air compressor or air pump with low pressure and large air volume, and the pressure of air and the liquid to be sprayed during the spraying operation Both of them require a mechanism that can be precisely controlled, so the place of use is limited.

Japanese Patent No. 3826196

  As mentioned above, there are many fields that require mist with a fine and uniform particle size distribution in the conventional spray technology for fine mist droplets. The use of a large capacity compressor is inevitable, and there has been no system for obtaining the desired mist without using these.

In other words, the conventional type has a structure in which an opening hole is provided in a part of a material with low wear such as metal, and a high pressure liquid pump is used to extrude liquid or high pressure air is blown because high speed air flow is required. The atomization phenomenon depends on the ultrafine structure (finishing accuracy) of the nozzle, and in the control of the particle size of the mist droplets, there are strict restrictions on the optimum range of air volume, liquid feed volume, and pressure. There wasn't. Or, since the spraying operation itself requires a mechanism capable of precisely controlling both the pressure of air and the liquid to be sprayed, the application range of the nozzle has been narrow.

  The present invention is intended to solve such problems in the prior art, and by generating mist droplets having a particle size distribution in a very narrow range with a low pressure and a small amount of atomizing gas, combustion and various types of An object of the present invention is to provide a fluid nozzle for use in spraying a medicine, water spray for a large capacity space for cooling, and the like.

  In order to solve such a problem, the nozzle according to claim 1 of the present application is a swirl in which an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder are coaxially arranged and a swirling flow is generated by a groove or a hole structure in a gap portion of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. It has a flow generator, and has an orifice structure for narrowing the flow path of the fluid in the outer cylinder at the nozzle tip to increase the fluid flow velocity in the outer cylinder. As a result, the swirling flow generated in the vicinity of the opening end downstream of the nozzle produces the effect of sucking out the liquid in the inner cylinder and the effect of subdividing the particles, so that fine liquid particles can be ejected.

  In this case, as in the present invention described in claim 2, an inner cylinder rectifier is provided for the purpose of making the gap between the nozzle inner cylinder swirling flow generator and the outer cylinder from the swirling flow generator constant width. It is good also as a structure. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of a turbulent flow can be suppressed and particle | grains can be injected more stably.

  Further, as in the present invention as shown in claim 3. The inner cylinder rectifier may further have a rectifying cylinder for the purpose of making the gap between the inner cylinder and the inner cylinder constant toward the nozzle tip. Thereby, more stable atomization can be achieved.

  Further, as in the present invention described in claim 4, it may be a siphon type that does not require the use of a liquid feed pump or a pressurized tank by controlling the air flow velocity for atomizing the mist. This makes it easy to implement, easy to control and energy efficient.

  Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, the nozzle which concerns on Claim 5 of this application is a cylindrical shape which has a 1st internal diameter, The inner cylinder which equips a side surface with the conduction port which can be conduct | electrically_connected to a 1st fluid supply source, A rectifying cylinder which is arranged coaxially with the inner cylinder on the outer side of the inner cylinder and has a substantially cylindrical body, an orifice is formed on the inner side toward the downstream side and which can be connected to the second fluid supply source on the upstream side; A substantially disc-shaped swirling flow generator fitted between the inner wall of the rectifying cylinder and the inner cylinder and disposed coaxially with the inner cylinder, and coaxially connected to the downstream side of the inner cylinder and the first An injection cylinder having a second inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter, and grooves are formed on the outer periphery of the swirl flow generator in an oblique direction at a predetermined interval.

  The first fluid supply source and the second fluid supply source have a function of supplying water, liquid such as fuel, gas, and the like, and include, for example, a tank.

  The term “substantially cylindrical body” is intended to include not only a cylindrical shape but also anything that can be arranged substantially coaxially, and may be a polygonal column such as an octagonal column.

  The term “orifice is formed” includes everything that provides a structure that can be squeezed in shape as the second fluid is drawn in the downstream direction, for example, a cone shape (with the tip side being the downstream side) Is also included. By the action of the orifice, the flow velocity of the second fluid is extremely accelerated.

  “The groove is engraved on the outer periphery in a slanting direction at a predetermined interval” means that a second leak outlet is provided when the second fluid is led out to the downstream side, and the second fluid outlet passes through this. Includes any structure sufficient for the fluid to form a swirling flow.

  With the above configuration, the swirling flow generated in the vicinity of the opening end downstream of the nozzle produces a liquid sucking effect and a particle subdividing effect in the inner cylinder, and fine liquid particles can be ejected.

  Further, as in the present invention described in claim 6, the swirl flow generator is provided with a plurality of communication holes that communicate with the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the swirl flow generator instead of the groove. It can also be set as the nozzle of Claim 5. If a plurality of communication holes are inserted, the second fluid that conducts the holes can generate a swirling flow. It is preferable that a plurality of such communication holes are arranged in a substantially oblique direction. As long as it does not deviate from the intention of the present invention, any means can be adopted as the means for inserting the communication hole, or it does not prevent the device from being devised.

  Further, as in the present invention described in claim 7, a substantially cone-shaped inner portion extends from a position where the groove or the communication hole on the downstream bottom surface of the swirling flow generator is displaced to a position slightly ahead of the tip of the injection cylinder. It is good also as a structure further provided with a cylinder rectifier. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of a turbulent flow can be suppressed, energy efficiency can be improved further, and the stable swirl flow can be produced.

  Further, as in the present invention shown in claim 8 of the present application, the front end surface of the flow straightening cylinder may be configured to slightly protrude from the front end portion of the injection cylinder. Thereby, since the front-end | tip part of an injection cylinder is arrange | positioned behind the front-end | tip surface of the rectification | straightening cylinder which 2nd fluid ejects, it is ejected from the front-end | tip surface of a rectification | straightening pipe | tube to the jet flow of the 2nd fluid which forms a swirl flow. The first fluid is easily applied, and the liquid sucking effect and the particle subdividing effect are further promoted.

  Instead of the above, as in the present invention shown in claim 9 of the present application, a rectifying flow path may be provided at the tip of the rectifying cylinder from the end position of the orifice surface to the tip. By providing such a configuration, the jet flow is rectified and leveled in the rectifying flow path, so that further stable miniaturization of the ejected particles can be achieved.

  Furthermore, as in the present invention according to claim 10 of the present application, a water flow or a fuel flow may be employed as the first fluid, and a gas may be employed as the second fluid. Thereby, since it uses for the spraying of the 1st fluid with the suction effect and the refinement | miniaturization effect by the gas used as a 2nd fluid, a desired water flow or a fuel flow can be sprayed finely uniformly.

  By using the two-fluid nozzle of the present invention having such a configuration, a complicated structure of the conventional nozzle, a compressor, an air pump, a liquid feed pump, etc. for obtaining the high pressure of the conventional nozzle are not required, and the particle size distribution is fine. A narrow fog can be obtained. Due to this effect, the atomization system is simple, lightweight, and has a small volume. Therefore, the atomization system can be used for various atomization applications in general homes and buildings.

It is a lineblock diagram showing the whole nozzle concerning one embodiment of the present invention. In the nozzle which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, it is a block diagram which shows what provided the rectifying cylinder in the opening part. In the nozzle which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, it is a block diagram which concerns on the structure expanded toward the rectification | straightening pipe | tube aiming at the stable expansion of a swirl flow and an injection flow.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following, the range necessary for the description for achieving the object of the present invention is schematically shown, and the range necessary for the description of the relevant part of the present invention will be mainly described. Are according to known techniques.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention includes a nozzle outer cylinder portion 1, a nozzle inner cylinder portion 2, and a swirling flow generator 3 as a basic structure. Since the collision between the airflow and the liquid flow is performed at one point of the nozzle tip, neither the airflow nor the liquid flow disturbs the flow of the fluid, that is, a structure that causes turbulence is not arranged.

  For the purpose of reducing the amount of air used in such a basic configuration and obtaining a high-speed air flow, the tip of the outer cylinder (the most downstream part of the nozzle) has a throttle structure that is different from the constant inner diameter part upstream of the nozzle. Has an orifice surface 11 for raising

  The orifice effect uses the phenomenon that the pressure increases when the pipe through which a fluid such as water or gas flows is reduced (the pipe diameter is reduced), thereby increasing the flow velocity. The effect of increasing the flow velocity of the fluid by passing through the shaped body.

  In addition to the above, in order to further promote atomization of the liquid due to the air flow at the tip of the nozzle inner cylinder, the swirl flow generator 3 is disposed in the nozzle middle stream in close contact with the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. The swirling flow generator is arranged with a groove having a constant angle with respect to the nozzle coaxial direction in the outer peripheral portion, or a hole having a constant angle with respect to the nozzle coaxial direction is opened, or the inner cylinder part, You may implement | achieve by arrange | positioning the blade | wing with a fixed angle with respect to the nozzle coaxial direction in either outer cylinder part. Any method may be used as long as it is a means capable of generating a swirling flow having a threaded locus having the same axis as the nozzle in the nozzle midstream portion. The constant angle here is not particularly limited as long as it is an angle that can form a swirling flow.

  In the downstream part of the nozzle, there is a space composed of the nozzle inner cylinder part and the outer cylinder part, but in order to prevent turbulent airflow in the space, the structure along the throttle structure of the outer cylinder part is arranged on the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder rectifying body 4 is arranged to control the gap between the inner cylinder part and the outer cylinder part to be constant. The inner cylinder rectifier may be formed integrally with the inner cylinder, or may be covered with the inner cylinder and the shaft being the same, and may be removable according to various situations.

  The nozzle tip in FIG. 1 has a structure in which the nozzle inner cylinder and the end of the rectifying body are cut at a very close position, and if necessary, the nozzle outer cylinder is throttled toward the downstream as shown in FIG. By arranging the flow straightening cylinder 5 that maintains a constant tube diameter, atomization of the liquid to be sprayed can be further stabilized. The flow straightening cylinder 5 may be integrally formed so as to extend in the downstream direction from the opening of the nozzle of FIG. 1 or may be separately molded and attached so that only the flow straightening cylinder 5 is removable. .

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, a structure in which the swirling flow and the jet flow are stably spread and the rectifying cylinder 5 is widened toward the downstream may be used.

  1 to 3, for the sake of simplification and easy understanding, the cross-sectional lines are mainly displayed. For example, the visible line of the tip end edge and the bent line of the inner wall of the rectifying cylinder 5 are shown. The description is mainly omitted.

  Hereinafter, the action and operation of the present invention configured as described above and the characteristics of the fine liquid particles generated using the nozzle will be described in detail.

  In the present embodiment, an air flow is passed through a space between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder using a compressor or the like. This air flow generates a rotational flow (swirl flow) having a spiral trajectory by the above-described swirl flow generator.

  A compressor or the like refers to a machine that generates gas having kinetic energy by jetting after compressing gas. In the present invention, any means can be used as long as it can generate a stable air flow between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.

  Having a spiral trajectory means having a trajectory like a groove threaded coaxially with the axis of the outer cylinder or inner cylinder of the present application. However, if the liquid particles passing through the inner cylinder are finely divided at the most downstream portion of the nozzle of the present invention and the liquid sprayed continuously through the inner cylinder can be continuously sucked out by reducing the pressure in the vicinity of the nozzle, For example, since the trajectory of the swirl flow generated by the swirl flow generator is slow, the effect of the present invention is impaired even in a state where the trajectory does not look spiral as long as the nozzle portion is viewed locally. Is not something

  The rotational flow (swirl flow) of air having the spiral trajectory travels through the space between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and increases its speed from an increase in pressure in a portion having an orifice shape. And it blows off like a tornado as a rotational flow at the opening end of the most downstream part of a nozzle. For this reason, in the vicinity of the opening end of the most downstream part of the inner cylinder, a state where the atmospheric pressure is always low is created by the rotational flow of the tornado-like air, and the force in the direction of sucking out the liquid therein from the opening part of the inner cylinder is generated. appear. Thereby, the liquid to be continuously sprayed is continuously sucked out by continuing to flow air through the nozzle. Such a sucking action is realized only by the shape without requiring power for that purpose.

  Furthermore, at the moment when the liquid that has passed through the inner cylinder comes out of the opening, the pressure in the vicinity of the opening is low, and the force of spreading the flow works, and the above-mentioned rotating air flow is encountered. Therefore, the flow is divided into very fine particles. The fine liquid particles generated here are charged to the same charge by the Leonard effect.

  The Leonard effect is a phenomenon in which droplets are charged because the surface energy of the liquid changes when the liquid rapidly atomizes. Since this is a phenomenon that occurs if the liquid is used, the liquid sprayed by the present invention is a very rare exceptional situation such as lava that is very viscous and difficult to physically pass through the tube. Except for, any liquid including water may be used.

  Since particles charged to the same electric charge act in a direction in which they repel each other, fine liquid particles generated from the nozzle diffuse in the space so that the distance between them becomes maximum. Furthermore, since the particles are fine, the repulsive force due to the electric charge received by the particles is larger than the gravity acting on the particles, so that the particles diffuse widely in the vertical and horizontal directions even in a space with gravity.

  As described above, the present invention uses a simpler body structure and equipment than the existing technology, has the same or better effect, makes the liquid particles finer than the general spray technology, and more spatial It has an excellent characteristic that it can make mist droplets adhere to a very wide range by itself diffusing.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  Further, the above-described examples are merely examples of embodiments for realizing the technical idea according to the present invention, and the technical ideas according to the present invention can be applied to other embodiments. Is possible.

  Since the particle size of the mist can be controlled within a narrow range and the structure is simple, the only part that comes into contact with the liquid is the inner cylinder. Is possible. This provides a wide range of possibilities not only for fuel injection nozzles but also for various chemical sprays.

  Large-capacity space cooling applications that are expected even with conventional nozzles that have poor particle size control ability of nozzles, deodorization in hospitals, nursing homes, nursing homes, etc. Water spray for heat stroke countermeasures, street spray application for heat island countermeasures, water mist nozzle application for sprinkler replacement, poultry farming and pig farming systems that consider influenza countermeasures, application of livestock liquid medicine, fine ceramic production machine application, food industry Application to spray dry nozzles is possible.

  In addition, when something has to be sprayed on the inner surface of a space having a certain volume, the present invention is particularly applicable to cases such as solidification treatment for building asbestos countermeasures and spraying of insecticides for termite countermeasures. Can be implemented and is very effective. The object can be achieved without any obstacles in the present invention, such as a ceiling that cannot be applied unless a scaffold is assembled, or an inside of a space where a human body does not enter.

  In addition, because of the physical properties explained above, there is a characteristic that the liquid adheres uniformly to the entire inner surface of a space with a certain volume from a stochastic point of view. It is suitable for painting and surface treatments that require such applications, such as the application of radio wave absorbers.

  Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the use of a swirling flow of air to spray the liquid. For example, the present invention is configured in such a way that the axis is parallel to the water flow and the downstream portion of the nozzle is directed downstream of the water flow. By installing it, you can create a mechanism in which the rotating flow created by the flow of water sucks air into the water, and you can perform aeration that does not require any energy (a process that dissolves oxygen in water) Therefore, it is considered useful as an energy-saving measure for sewage treatment plants, and as a result, a measure for purifying contaminated rivers. It should be noted that the present invention can be implemented if there is a request to dissolve some gas in the liquid as well as blowing air into water.

  It is also conceivable to make a simple hydroelectric generator by turning the turbine on the ground according to the intake action of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Nozzle outer cylinder part, 2 ... Nozzle inner cylinder part, 3 ... Swirling flow generator, 4 ... Inner cylinder rectifier, 5 ... Rectifier cylinder, 11 ... Orifice surface

Claims (10)

  The inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are arranged coaxially, and a swirling flow generator is provided in the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to generate a swirling flow by a groove or hole structure. A nozzle characterized by having an orifice structure for narrowing the flow path and increasing the fluid flow velocity in the outer cylinder.   The nozzle according to claim 1, further comprising an inner cylinder rectifier for the purpose of setting a constant gap between the nozzle inner swirl flow generator and the nozzle tip.   The nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a rectifying cylinder for the purpose of making the gap between the inner cylinder rectifying body and the inner cylinder a constant width toward the tip of the nozzle.   The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is a siphon type that eliminates the use of a liquid feed pump or a pressurized tank by controlling an air flow velocity for atomizing a mist. An inner cylinder having a cylindrical shape having a first inner diameter and provided with a conduction port on a side surface that can be conducted to a first fluid supply source;
A rectifying cylinder which is arranged coaxially with the inner cylinder on the outer side of the inner cylinder and has a substantially cylindrical body, an orifice is formed on the inner side toward the downstream side and which can be connected to the second fluid supply source on the upstream side;
A substantially disc-shaped swirling flow generator fitted between the inner wall of the flow straightening cylinder and the inner cylinder and disposed coaxially with the inner cylinder;
An injection cylinder that is coaxially connected to the downstream side of the inner cylinder and has a second inner diameter smaller than the first inner diameter;
A nozzle characterized in that grooves are formed in the outer periphery of the swirl flow generator in an oblique direction at a predetermined interval.   6. The nozzle according to claim 5, wherein the swirl flow generator is provided with a plurality of communication holes that communicate with the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the swirl flow generator in place of the groove.   An approximately cone-shaped inner cylinder rectifier is further provided from a position dodging the groove or the communication hole on the downstream bottom surface of the swirling flow generator to a position slightly before the tip of the injection cylinder. 5 or 6 nozzle.   8. The nozzle according to claim 5, wherein a front end surface of the flow straightening tube slightly protrudes from a front end portion of the injection tube. 9.   9. The nozzle according to claim 5, wherein a rectifying flow path is provided at a distal end portion of the rectifying cylinder from an end position of the orifice surface to a distal end portion thereof.   The nozzle according to claim 5, wherein a water flow or a fuel flow is used as the first fluid, and a gas is used as the second fluid.

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