JP2010271110A

JP2010271110A - Wear state detection system

Info

Publication number: JP2010271110A
Application number: JP2009121797A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Keiji Miyawaki; 恵治宮脇
Original assignee: EIYU KAIUN KK
Current assignee: EIYU KAIUN KK
Priority date: 2009-05-20
Filing date: 2009-05-20
Publication date: 2010-12-02

Abstract

【課題】機械動作部を機械収容部から取り出し、若しくは潤滑油から露出させることなく、機械動作部の故障を未然に防止する磨耗状態検知システムを提供すること。
【解決手段】内部が潤滑油に含浸されたポッドに設けられ、潤滑油中で所定に動作をする少なくとも鉄分を含む機械動作部の磨耗状態を検知する磨耗状態検知システム３は、潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を検知する検知ユニット４０と、検知ユニット４０により検知された鉄分濃度に基づき、機械動作部の磨耗状態を算出する磨耗状態算出手段５０と、を備えることで、潤滑油に含浸されたポッドに設けられた機械動作部の磨耗状態が、機械動作部をポッドから取り出し、若しくは潤滑油から露出させることなく検知できるばかりか、機械動作部の不具合発生の原因となる機械動作部の磨耗状態を、不具合の発生以前に検知して不具合を未然に防止できる。
【選択図】図４The present invention provides a wear state detection system that prevents a failure of a machine operating part without taking out the machine operating part from the machine accommodating part or exposing the machine operating part from lubricating oil.
A wear state detection system for detecting a wear state of a machine operating portion including at least iron that is provided in a pod impregnated with a lubricating oil and that performs a predetermined operation in the lubricating oil is included in the lubricating oil. The detection unit 40 for detecting the iron concentration and the wear state calculation means 50 for calculating the wear state of the machine operating unit based on the iron concentration detected by the detection unit 40 are impregnated with the lubricating oil. The wear state of the machine operating part provided in the pod can be detected without removing the machine operating part from the pod or exposing it from the lubricating oil, and also the wear state of the machine operating part causing malfunction of the machine operating part Can be detected prior to the occurrence of a malfunction to prevent the malfunction.
[Selection] Figure 4

Description

本発明は、内部が潤滑油に含浸された機械収容部に設けられ、潤滑油中で所定に動作をする少なくとも鉄分を含む機械動作部の磨耗状態を検知する磨耗状態検知システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a wear state detection system that detects a wear state of a machine operation unit that is provided in a machine housing unit that is impregnated with a lubricant oil and that operates in the lubricant oil and includes at least iron.

従来、船舶等において、その推進手段であるプロペラを備える機械収容部が適用されており、機械収容部が旋回するための各駆動軸に設けられたギア（歯車）が円滑に噛合し所定の駆動力を常時伝達するように、潤滑油が機械収容部内に充填されギア等を含浸している（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a ship or the like, a machine housing portion including a propeller as a propulsion unit is applied, and gears (gears) provided on each drive shaft for turning the machine housing portion smoothly mesh with each other to perform predetermined driving. Lubricating oil is filled in the machine housing portion and impregnated with gears or the like so as to constantly transmit force (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

この種の機械収容部において、時間の経過に伴って、互いに噛合したギア同士の摩擦により夫々のギアが機械的に漸次磨耗し、ギアの過度の磨耗に起因して、振動の発生や駆動力の伝達効率の低下といった問題が生じる虞がある。そのため、定期的にギアの磨耗状態について主に目視による点検を行い、必要に応じてギアを交換することで、ギアの磨耗に起因する故障等の不具合を未然に防止している。 In this type of machine housing, as time passes, the gears gradually wear mechanically due to the friction between the gears engaged with each other. There is a possibility that a problem such as a decrease in transmission efficiency of the device occurs. For this reason, periodic visual inspection of the gear wear state is periodically performed and the gears are replaced as necessary, thereby preventing problems such as failures due to gear wear.

特開平１１−２７８３７９号公報（第６頁、第１図）Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-278379 (page 6, FIG. 1)

前述したギアの目視点検に際して、先ず機械収容部内の潤滑油を全量抜き取り、機械収容部を分解してギアを露出させ、目視点検した後に、再び機械収容部を組付け潤滑油を充填するといった作業手間を必要とするが、点検を行った際にギアの磨耗状態が比較的軽度である場合には、結果としてギアの交換を要しないことになり、点検に要する作業手間の割りに作業の効果が著しく低いといった虞がある。 At the time of the above-mentioned visual inspection of the gear, first, all the lubricating oil in the machine housing part is extracted, the machine housing part is disassembled to expose the gear, and after visual inspection, the machine housing part is assembled and filled with lubricating oil again. If the gears are relatively lightly worn during the inspection, it will not be necessary to replace the gears. May be extremely low.

本発明は、このような問題点に着目してなされたもので、ギア等の機械動作部を機械収容部から露出させる作業手間を要することなく、機械動作部の故障等の不具合を未然に防止する磨耗状態検知システムを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and prevents troubles such as failure of the machine operation part without requiring the work of exposing the machine operation part such as a gear from the machine housing part. An object of the present invention is to provide a wear state detection system.

前記課題を解決するために、本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
内部が潤滑油に含浸された機械収容部に設けられ、前記潤滑油中で所定に動作をする少なくとも鉄分を含む機械動作部の磨耗状態を検知する磨耗状態検知システムであって、
前記潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を検知する鉄分濃度検知手段と、
該鉄分濃度検知手段により検知された鉄分濃度に基づき、前記機械動作部の磨耗状態を算出する磨耗状態算出手段と、を備えることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、鉄分濃度検知手段により機械収容部内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を検知し、磨耗状態算出手段により、鉄分濃度に基づき機械動作部の磨耗状態を算出することで、潤滑油に含浸された機械収容部に設けられた機械動作部の磨耗状態が、機械動作部を機械収容部から取り出し、若しくは潤滑油から露出させることなく検知できるばかりか、機械動作部の不具合発生の原因となる機械動作部の磨耗状態を、不具合の発生以前に検知して不具合を未然に防止できる。 In order to solve the above-described problem, the wear state detection system of the present invention includes:
A wear state detection system for detecting a wear state of a machine operation part including at least iron which is provided in a machine housing part impregnated with a lubricant oil and operates in a predetermined manner in the lubricant oil,
Iron concentration detection means for detecting the iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil;
And a wear state calculating means for calculating a wear state of the machine operating portion based on the iron concentration detected by the iron concentration detecting means.
According to this feature, the iron concentration concentration detecting means detects the iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil in the machine housing portion, and the wear state calculating means calculates the wear state of the machine operating portion based on the iron concentration, whereby the lubricating oil The wear state of the machine operating part provided in the machine containing part impregnated in the machine can be detected without taking out the machine operating part from the machine containing part or exposing it from the lubricating oil. It is possible to detect the wear state of the machine operating part before the failure occurs and prevent the failure.

本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
前記磨耗状態算出手段は、
前記鉄分濃度検知手段により鉄分濃度が検知される毎に、鉄分濃度情報と該鉄分濃度を検知した検知日時情報とを対応付けて記憶する記憶部と、
該記憶部に記憶された各々の前記鉄分濃度情報及び検知日時情報に基づき、単位時間当たりの鉄分濃度上昇率を算出する算出部と、
該算出部により算出された鉄分濃度上昇率が所定値を超えた場合に、前記機械動作部が所定の磨耗状態であるとして報知する報知部と、を備えることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、記憶部に記憶された各々の鉄分濃度情報及び検知日時情報に基づき、単位時間当たりの鉄分濃度上昇率を算出部により算出し、鉄分濃度上昇率が所定値を超えた場合に、機械動作部が所定の磨耗状態であるとして報知部により報知できるため、潤滑油を一部若しくは全部交換するなどして、鉄分濃度の値自体が変化した場合でも、機械動作部の磨耗状態に依拠する鉄分濃度上昇率に基づいて機械動作部の磨耗状態を正確に把握できる。 The wear state detection system of the present invention is
The wear state calculation means includes:
Each time an iron concentration is detected by the iron concentration detecting means, a storage unit that stores iron concentration information and detection date / time information that detects the iron concentration in association with each other,
A calculation unit that calculates an iron concentration increase rate per unit time based on each of the iron concentration information and the detection date and time information stored in the storage unit;
And a notification unit for notifying that the machine operation unit is in a predetermined wear state when the rate of increase in iron concentration calculated by the calculation unit exceeds a predetermined value.
According to this feature, when the iron concentration increase rate per unit time is calculated by the calculation unit based on each iron concentration information and detection date information stored in the storage unit, and the iron concentration increase rate exceeds a predetermined value In addition, since the notification unit can notify that the machine operation unit is in a predetermined wear state, even if the iron concentration value itself has changed, for example, by replacing part or all of the lubricating oil, the wear state of the machine operation unit It is possible to accurately grasp the wear state of the machine operating part based on the iron concentration increase rate that depends on the above.

本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
前記鉄分濃度検知手段は、電源が供給されることで励磁して磁場を発生する励磁コイルと、該励磁コイルの励磁により誘導起電力を発生する誘導コイルと、該誘導コイルに発生した誘導起電力を検知する検知部とを備え、
前記励磁コイルが発生した磁場に前記潤滑油を作用させることで、前記検知部は、該潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を誘導起電力として検知するようになっていることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、鉄分濃度検知手段が、磁場を発生する励磁コイルと、励磁コイルの励磁により誘導起電力を発生する誘導コイルと、誘導コイルに発生した誘導起電力を検知する検知部とを備えることで、潤滑油中の磁性体である鉄分の濃度を、誘導起電力として確実且つ高精度に検知できる。 The wear state detection system of the present invention is
The iron concentration detecting means includes an excitation coil that generates a magnetic field by being excited when power is supplied, an induction coil that generates an induced electromotive force by excitation of the excitation coil, and an induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil And a detection unit for detecting
By making the lubricating oil act on the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil, the detection unit detects the iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil as an induced electromotive force.
According to this feature, the iron concentration detection means includes an excitation coil that generates a magnetic field, an induction coil that generates an induced electromotive force by excitation of the excitation coil, and a detection unit that detects the induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil. By providing, the density | concentration of the iron component which is a magnetic body in lubricating oil can be detected reliably and highly accurately as an induced electromotive force.

本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
前記鉄分濃度検知手段は、前記機械収容部とは別体に設けられ、前記機械収容部に、該機械収容部内の潤滑油を採取する採取口が形成されていることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、機械収容部内の潤滑油を、採取口を介して採取することで、機械収容部とは別体に設けられた鉄分濃度検知手段により、適宜の場所で鉄分濃度を検知できる。 The wear state detection system of the present invention is
The iron concentration detecting means is provided separately from the machine housing portion, and a sampling port for collecting the lubricating oil in the machine housing portion is formed in the machine housing portion.
According to this feature, the iron concentration can be detected at an appropriate place by the iron concentration detecting means provided separately from the machine containing portion by collecting the lubricating oil in the machine containing portion through the collecting port. .

本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
前記機械収容部に、該機械収容部内の所定位置で開口した潤滑油を採取する採取路が、前記採取口に向けて形成されていることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、機械収容部内の潤滑油を、機械収容部内の所定位置で開口した採取路、及び採取口を介して採取することで、機械収容部内の定位置における潤滑油を常時採取することになり、採取した潤滑油の条件を一定にできる。 The wear state detection system of the present invention is
A sampling path for collecting the lubricating oil opened at a predetermined position in the machine accommodating portion is formed in the machine accommodating portion toward the sampling port.
According to this feature, the lubricating oil in the machine housing unit is collected through the sampling passage opened at a predetermined position in the machine housing unit and the sampling port, so that the lubricating oil at a fixed position in the machine housing unit is always collected. As a result, the condition of the collected lubricating oil can be made constant.

本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
前記機械収容部は、前記採取口が形成された非回転の被覆部と、該被覆部に対し液密に旋回可能であって内部に前記採取路が形成された旋回部とからなり、該旋回部を前記被覆部に対し所定角度に旋回した場合に、前記採取口と前記採取路とが連通するようになっていることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、旋回部を前記被覆部に対し所定角度に旋回するだけで、採取口と採取路とが連通するため、旋回部内の定位置における一定条件の潤滑油を、非回転の被覆部に形成された一定箇所の採取口を介し採取し易い。 The wear state detection system of the present invention is
The machine housing portion includes a non-rotating covering portion in which the sampling port is formed, and a swiveling portion that is capable of being liquid-tightly swiveled with respect to the covering portion and in which the sampling path is formed. The sampling port and the sampling path communicate with each other when the section is turned at a predetermined angle with respect to the covering section.
According to this feature, the sampling port and the sampling path communicate with each other only by turning the swivel portion at a predetermined angle with respect to the covering portion. It is easy to collect through a sampling port at a certain location formed in the part.

本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
前記機械収容部に、前記潤滑油の循環路と、前記潤滑油を前記循環路に循環させる循環手段とが設けられていることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、機械収容部に設けられた循環手段により潤滑油を循環路に循環させることで、循環流で潤滑油中の鉄分濃度を平均化し、常に平均化した鉄分濃度を検知できるため、機械動作部の磨耗状態を精度良く検知できる。 The wear state detection system of the present invention is
The machine accommodating portion is provided with a circulation path for the lubricating oil and a circulation means for circulating the lubricating oil through the circulation path.
According to this feature, since the lubricating oil is circulated in the circulation path by the circulation means provided in the machine housing portion, the iron concentration in the lubricating oil can be averaged by the circulating flow, and the averaged iron concentration can always be detected. In addition, it is possible to accurately detect the wear state of the machine operating unit.

本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
前記機械動作部は、前記機械収容部内に上下方向に配設され前記機械収容部の底部に向けて開口した開口端を備えた内空構造の内空軸を含み、前記循環路は、前記内空軸の外部から前記開口端を介して内空軸の内部に通じていることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、循環路が、機械収容部内に上下方向に配設された内空軸の外部から、機械収容部の底部に向けて開口した開口端を介して内空軸の内部に通じていることで、重量により蓄積し易い機械収容部の底部における潤滑油中の鉄分も、循環路に循環させることができる。 The wear state detection system of the present invention is
The machine operating unit includes an inner hollow shaft having an inner structure that is disposed in the vertical direction in the machine housing portion and has an opening end that opens toward a bottom portion of the machine housing portion, and the circulation path includes the inner passage. It is characterized in that it communicates from the outside of the air shaft to the inside of the inner air shaft through the opening end.
According to this feature, the circulation path communicates with the inside of the inner hollow shaft from the outside of the inner hollow shaft disposed in the vertical direction in the machine housing portion through the open end opened toward the bottom of the machine housing portion. As a result, the iron content in the lubricating oil at the bottom of the machine housing portion, which tends to accumulate due to weight, can also be circulated through the circulation path.

本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
前記循環路を構成する配管部に、前記励磁コイルが設けられていることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、循環路を構成する配管部に、励磁コイルが設けられていることで、機械収容部内の潤滑油を採取する手間を要することなく、循環路の循環により平均化した鉄分濃度を検知できる。 The wear state detection system of the present invention is
The exciting coil is provided in a piping part constituting the circulation path.
According to this feature, the concentration of the iron content averaged by circulation of the circulation path without the need for collecting the lubricating oil in the machine housing part by providing the exciting coil in the piping part constituting the circulation path. Can be detected.

本発明の磨耗状態検知システムは、
前記配管部は、強磁性体を除く材料から成ることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、配管部が、強磁性体を除く材料から成ることで、配管部に設けられた励磁コイルが配管部により励磁され難く、潤滑油中の鉄分のみにより励磁されることになるため、誘導起電力として鉄分濃度を検知し易い。 The wear state detection system of the present invention is
The piping part is made of a material excluding a ferromagnetic material.
According to this feature, since the piping portion is made of a material excluding the ferromagnetic material, the excitation coil provided in the piping portion is not easily excited by the piping portion, and is excited only by iron in the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is easy to detect the iron concentration as the induced electromotive force.

ポッドを備える船舶を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the ship provided with a pod. ポッドを示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows a pod. （ａ）は、図２の上面図であり、（ｂ）は、吸引筒を示す側面図であり、（ｃ）は、吸引筒が取外された状態の配管の開口部を示す（ｂ）の上面図である。(A) is a top view of FIG. 2, (b) is a side view showing the suction cylinder, and (c) shows an opening of the pipe with the suction cylinder removed (b). FIG. （ａ）は、磨耗状態検知システムを示す説明図であり、（ｂ）は、（ａ）のブロック図である。(A) is explanatory drawing which shows an abrasion state detection system, (b) is a block diagram of (a). （ａ）は、検知日とポッド内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度との関係を示すグラフであり、（ｂ）は、検知日とポッドが動作不良を起こす確率との関係を示すグラフである。(A) is a graph which shows the relationship between the detection date and the iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil in the pod, and (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the detection date and the probability that the pod will malfunction. . （ａ）は、変形例の磨耗状態検知システムを示す説明図であり、（ｂ）は、（ａ）のブロック図である。(A) is explanatory drawing which shows the abrasion state detection system of a modification, (b) is a block diagram of (a).

本発明に係る磨耗状態検知システムを実施するための形態を実施例に基づいて以下に説明する。 EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The form for implementing the wear state detection system which concerns on this invention is demonstrated below based on an Example.

実施例に係る磨耗状態検知システムにつき、図１から図５を参照して説明する。先ず図１の符号１は、荷役を目的とする船舶１であって、船舶１の船尾には、該船舶１に推進力を付与するプロペラを備えた機械収容部としてのポッド２が、左右両舷側に２つ備えられている（一点鎖線囲い部Ｅ参照）。各ポッド２は、後述のように船舶１本体に対し所望に旋回することで、船舶１に所望の方向に推進力を付与できるようになっている。 The wear state detection system according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. First, reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1 is a ship 1 for cargo handling. At the stern of the ship 1, a pod 2 as a machine housing portion provided with a propeller that imparts propulsive force to the ship 1 is provided on both the left and right sides. Two are provided on the heel side (see the dashed-dotted line enclosing portion E). As will be described later, each pod 2 is capable of imparting a propulsive force to the ship 1 in a desired direction by turning as desired with respect to the main body of the ship 1.

図２に示されるように、ポッド２は、主に、二重反転プロペラであるプロペラ９，１９と、プロペラ９が固定に取付けられたプロペラ軸６と、該プロペラ軸６に対して回転可能に嵌挿する管部１６と、船舶１の本体を構成する固定部１７に固定された非回転の被覆部８と、該被覆部８に回転可能に支持されるハウジング１０と、該プロペラ９，１９に回転力を付与する上部入力軸２０と、上部入力軸２０の回転力をプロペラ軸６に伝達する伝達部１８と、ハウジング１０及び伝達部１８が被覆部８に対して回転させる油圧装置３０，３０（図３（ａ）参照）と、潤滑油を循環する循環装置２６と、ポッド２内の所定位置で開口した潤滑油を採取する採取路としての配管７と、から構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the pod 2 is mainly composed of propellers 9 and 19 which are counter-rotating propellers, a propeller shaft 6 to which the propeller 9 is fixedly mounted, and a rotatable relative to the propeller shaft 6. The pipe part 16 to be inserted, the non-rotating covering part 8 fixed to the fixing part 17 constituting the main body of the ship 1, the housing 10 rotatably supported by the covering part 8, and the propellers 9 and 19 An upper input shaft 20 for applying a rotational force to the rotor, a transmission portion 18 for transmitting the rotational force of the upper input shaft 20 to the propeller shaft 6, and a hydraulic device 30 for rotating the housing 10 and the transmission portion 18 with respect to the covering portion 8, 30 (see FIG. 3A), a circulation device 26 that circulates the lubricating oil, and a pipe 7 that serves as a sampling passage for collecting the lubricating oil that is opened at a predetermined position in the pod 2.

ハウジング１０は、被覆部８に設けられた軸受部２１により液密に被覆部８に対して回転可能に支持される内空構造の第１収容室１３と、第１収容室１３に接続され内部が連通する第２収容室１４と、から構成され、第１収容室１３と被覆部８との間、第１収容室１３内、及び第２収容室１４内には、潤滑油が充填されている。 The housing 10 is connected to the first storage chamber 13 having an inner space structure that is rotatably supported by the bearing portion 21 provided on the cover portion 8 in a liquid-tight manner with respect to the cover portion 8, and the first storage chamber 13. And a second storage chamber 14 in communication with each other. The first storage chamber 13 and the covering portion 8, the first storage chamber 13, and the second storage chamber 14 are filled with lubricating oil. Yes.

また、第１収容室１３は、後述の中間軸５が挿通される管部１３ｂと、管部１３ｂに連通し、図示上方に向かって開口する連通部１３ｃと、から構成されており、第２収容室１４は、プロペラ軸６を収容する収容部１４ａと、該収容部１４ａと管部１３ｂとの間に取付けられ、後述の中間軸１５を収容する管部１４ｂと、から構成されている。 The first storage chamber 13 includes a tube portion 13b through which an intermediate shaft 5 described later is inserted, and a communication portion 13c that communicates with the tube portion 13b and opens upward in the figure. The storage chamber 14 includes a storage portion 14 a that stores the propeller shaft 6, and a tube portion 14 b that is attached between the storage portion 14 a and the tube portion 13 b and stores an intermediate shaft 15 described later.

上部入力軸２０は、中間軸２９を介して動力装置２７に連結されており、動力装置２７が作動することで中間軸２９及び上部入力軸２０がその軸回りに回転する。また、上部入力軸２０は、その軸回りに固定された歯車部２０ａを有している。 The upper input shaft 20 is connected to a power unit 27 via an intermediate shaft 29. When the power unit 27 is operated, the intermediate shaft 29 and the upper input shaft 20 rotate around the axis. The upper input shaft 20 has a gear portion 20a fixed around the shaft.

伝達部１８は、上部入力軸２０の歯車部２０ａに噛合する歯車部４ａを備えた上部傘歯車４と、支持部材１１を介して上部傘歯車４に接続する中間軸５と、支持部材１２を介して中間軸５に接続する中間軸１５と、中間軸１５に接続する下部傘歯車２８と、から成る。 The transmission portion 18 includes an upper bevel gear 4 having a gear portion 4a meshing with the gear portion 20a of the upper input shaft 20, an intermediate shaft 5 connected to the upper bevel gear 4 via the support member 11, and the support member 12. And an intermediate shaft 15 connected to the intermediate shaft 5 and a lower bevel gear 28 connected to the intermediate shaft 15.

支持部材１２の軸回りには、循環手段としてのスクリュー３４が固定に取付けられており、支持部材１２が中間軸５，１５とともに回転することで、スクリュー３４の螺旋部３４ａにより、潤滑油に、支持部材１２の軸方向における図示下方に向かう流れを発生させるようになっている。より具体的には、スクリュー３４の螺旋部３４ａの先端が、第１収容室１３の内部に固定された内筒３８の内周面に当接しており、螺旋部３４ａと内筒３８の内部とにより仕切られた箇所の潤滑油が、スクリュー３４の旋回とともに、順次下方に移動することで、潤滑油に対し、下方に向かう流れを発生させる。 Around the shaft of the support member 12, a screw 34 as a circulation means is fixedly attached. When the support member 12 rotates together with the intermediate shafts 5 and 15, the helical portion 34 a of the screw 34 causes the lubricating oil to A downward flow in the figure in the axial direction of the support member 12 is generated. More specifically, the tip of the spiral portion 34 a of the screw 34 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 38 fixed inside the first storage chamber 13, and the spiral portion 34 a and the inside of the inner cylinder 38 are The lubricating oil in the part partitioned by the movement of the screw 34 sequentially moves downward as the screw 34 turns, thereby generating a downward flow with respect to the lubricating oil.

上部傘歯車４、中間軸５、中間軸１５、及び下部傘歯車２８は、ポッド２内の図示上下方向に配設され、各々は、その内部が貫通する内空構造の内空軸として形成され、連通している。下部傘歯車２８が第２収容室１４の底部に向けて開口した開口端２８ｃを有しており、開口端２８ｃを介して、中間軸１５、中間軸５、及び上部傘歯車４の内部に通じている。このため、スクリュー３４が潤滑油に前記図示下方に向かう流れを発生させることで、潤滑油の流れが下部傘歯車２８、中間軸１５、中間軸５、及び上部傘歯車４の内部を通過し、後述の支持室２３に送られるようになっている。 The upper bevel gear 4, the intermediate shaft 5, the intermediate shaft 15, and the lower bevel gear 28 are arranged in the illustrated vertical direction in the pod 2, and each is formed as an inner hollow shaft of an inner structure through which the inside penetrates. Communicating. The lower bevel gear 28 has an opening end 28c that opens toward the bottom of the second storage chamber 14, and communicates with the inside of the intermediate shaft 15, the intermediate shaft 5, and the upper bevel gear 4 via the opening end 28c. ing. Therefore, the screw 34 causes the lubricating oil to generate a downward flow in the figure, so that the lubricating oil flow passes through the lower bevel gear 28, the intermediate shaft 15, the intermediate shaft 5, and the upper bevel gear 4. It is sent to a support chamber 23 described later.

そして、支持室２３に送られた潤滑油の流れが、第１収容室１３及び第２収容室１４を通過することで、潤滑油の流れが循環するようになっており、これら潤滑油の流れが通過する経路が本発明の循環路を構成している。 The flow of the lubricating oil sent to the support chamber 23 passes through the first storage chamber 13 and the second storage chamber 14 so that the flow of the lubricating oil circulates. The path through which the gas passes constitutes the circulation path of the present invention.

固定部１７の上部を構成する上部板３５には、上部入力軸２０を回転可能に支持する支持室２３が連設されており、この支持室２３の上部には、第１収容室１３からの潤滑油が注入される注入室２２が設けられている。 A support chamber 23 that rotatably supports the upper input shaft 20 is connected to the upper plate 35 that constitutes the upper portion of the fixed portion 17, and the upper portion of the support chamber 23 is connected to the first storage chamber 13. An injection chamber 22 into which lubricating oil is injected is provided.

循環装置２６は、注入室２２及び支持室２３に架けて設けられ、循環装置２６のノズル２６ａが第１収容室１３に挿入されている。循環装置２６のポンプにより第１収容室１３内の潤滑油が吸引された後に、潤滑油が注入室２２に注入され、この注入室２２に注入された潤滑油は、支持室２３を介して第１収容室１３に再び注入され、第２の収容室１４側に流下するようになっている。すなわち、潤滑油は、第１収容室１３、循環装置２６、注入室２２、支持室２３、第１収容室１３、及び第２収容室１４の順で循環するようになっており、この潤滑油の経路も循環路として構成されている。 The circulation device 26 is provided over the injection chamber 22 and the support chamber 23, and the nozzle 26 a of the circulation device 26 is inserted into the first storage chamber 13. After the lubricating oil in the first storage chamber 13 is sucked by the pump of the circulation device 26, the lubricating oil is injected into the injection chamber 22, and the lubricating oil injected into the injection chamber 22 passes through the support chamber 23 to the first. It is injected again into the first storage chamber 13 and flows down to the second storage chamber 14 side. That is, the lubricating oil circulates in the order of the first storage chamber 13, the circulation device 26, the injection chamber 22, the support chamber 23, the first storage chamber 13, and the second storage chamber 14. This route is also configured as a circulation route.

プロペラ軸６の軸回りに固定に取付けられた歯車部６ａは、下部傘歯車２８の歯車部２８ａに噛合するとともに、管部１６の外周回りに固定に取付けられた歯車部１６ａも、歯車部２８ａに噛合している。上部入力軸２０が回転することで、上部傘歯車４、中間軸５、中間軸１５、及び下部傘歯車２８が各々の軸回りに回転し、歯車部２８ａにそれぞれ噛合した、歯車部６ａを備えたプロペラ軸６と、歯車部１６ａを備えた管部１６は、夫々の軸回りに回転する。このプロペラ軸６及び管部１６の回転により、プロペラ軸６に固定に取付けられたプロペラ９と、管部１６に固定に取付けられプロペラ１９とが回転し、前記船舶が進行するようになっている。 The gear portion 6a fixedly attached around the axis of the propeller shaft 6 meshes with the gear portion 28a of the lower bevel gear 28, and the gear portion 16a fixedly attached around the outer periphery of the pipe portion 16 is also the gear portion 28a. Is engaged. When the upper input shaft 20 is rotated, the upper bevel gear 4, the intermediate shaft 5, the intermediate shaft 15, and the lower bevel gear 28 are rotated around their respective axes, and each has a gear portion 6a meshed with the gear portion 28a. Further, the propeller shaft 6 and the pipe portion 16 provided with the gear portion 16a rotate around their respective axes. Due to the rotation of the propeller shaft 6 and the pipe portion 16, the propeller 9 fixedly attached to the propeller shaft 6 and the propeller 19 fixedly attached to the pipe portion 16 rotate, so that the ship advances. .

尚、下部傘歯車２８が回転することで、歯車部６ａ及び歯車部１６ａは、互いに異なる回転方向で回転するようになっており、プロペラ１９の回転方向は、プロペラ９の回転方向に対して逆回転方向になっている。すなわち、プロペラ９，１９は、二重反転プロペラ式となっており、進行方向の前方側であるプロペラ１９が発生する回転エネルギーを有する流れを、該回転エネルギーを逆回転するプロペラ９で回収することで、高いプロペラ効率が得られるようになっている。 Note that the rotation of the lower bevel gear 28 causes the gear portion 6 a and the gear portion 16 a to rotate in mutually different rotation directions, and the rotation direction of the propeller 19 is opposite to the rotation direction of the propeller 9. The direction of rotation. That is, the propellers 9 and 19 are of a counter-rotating propeller type, and the flow having rotational energy generated by the propeller 19 that is the front side in the traveling direction is collected by the propeller 9 that reversely rotates the rotational energy. Thus, high propeller efficiency can be obtained.

図３（ａ）に示されるように、２基の油圧装置３０，３０は、それぞれ上部板３５に固定に設けられており、油圧装置３０の図示しないピニオンギアが、第１収容室１３の連通部１３ｃの上端に取付けられている旋回用歯車１３ａに噛合している。この構成により、油圧装置３０を駆動させることで、ピニオンギアを介し旋回用歯車１３ａが回転し、ハウジング１０及び伝達部１８が被覆部８に対して水平方向（伝達部１８の軸回り）に３６０°回転する。すなわち、ハウジング１０及び伝達部１８が被覆部８に対して前記水平方向に旋回し、これらハウジング１０及び伝達部１８が本発明の旋回部を構成している（図２参照）。 As shown in FIG. 3 (a), the two hydraulic devices 30, 30 are fixed to the upper plate 35, respectively, and a pinion gear (not shown) of the hydraulic device 30 communicates with the first storage chamber 13. It meshes with a turning gear 13a attached to the upper end of the portion 13c. With this configuration, when the hydraulic device 30 is driven, the turning gear 13a is rotated via the pinion gear, and the housing 10 and the transmission unit 18 are 360 in the horizontal direction (around the axis of the transmission unit 18) with respect to the covering unit 8. Rotate. That is, the housing 10 and the transmission portion 18 are swung in the horizontal direction with respect to the covering portion 8, and the housing 10 and the transmission portion 18 constitute a swiveling portion of the present invention (see FIG. 2).

図２に示されるように、配管７は、第１収容室１３の上部に開口した開口部７ａ（図３（ｃ）参照）から第２収容室１４の底部に開口した開口部７ｂに架けて内部が連通した管であって、ハウジング１０に固定に配設されている。また、図３（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示されるように、配管７は、その上部における開口部７ａが上部板３５に第１収容室１３と連通するように、ハウジング１０内の潤滑油を採取する採取口としての吸引筒２４と対向可能になっている。すなわち、配管７は、吸引筒２４に向けて形成されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the pipe 7 extends from an opening 7 a (see FIG. 3C) that opens to the top of the first storage chamber 13 to an opening 7 b that opens to the bottom of the second storage chamber 14. The pipe communicates with the inside and is fixedly disposed on the housing 10. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the piping 7 is supplied with lubricating oil in the housing 10 so that the opening 7 a in the upper portion thereof communicates with the first housing chamber 13 to the upper plate 35. It can be opposed to the suction cylinder 24 as a sampling port for sampling. That is, the pipe 7 is formed toward the suction cylinder 24.

つまり、ハウジング１０が被覆部８に対して前記水平方向に旋回することで、配管７もハウジング１０とともに旋回し、この配管７を被覆部８に対して所定角度（本実施例では、船舶１の前進方向である０度）に旋回した場合に、吸引筒２４と配管７の開口部７ａとが対向連通するようになっている。 That is, when the housing 10 is swung in the horizontal direction with respect to the covering portion 8, the pipe 7 is also swung together with the housing 10, and the pipe 7 is swung with respect to the covering portion 8 (in this embodiment, the ship 1 The suction cylinder 24 and the opening 7a of the pipe 7 communicate with each other when they turn in the forward direction (0 degree).

そして、配管７を被覆部８に所定角度に旋回した後に、吸引筒２４の蓋部２４ａを取外し、図示しないハンドポンプのノズルを吸引筒２４内に挿入することで、該ノズルの先端部が開口部７ａに挿入され、配管７内の潤滑油が採取可能となる。 Then, after turning the pipe 7 to the covering portion 8 at a predetermined angle, the cover 24a of the suction cylinder 24 is removed, and a nozzle of a hand pump (not shown) is inserted into the suction cylinder 24 so that the tip of the nozzle is opened. Inserted into the portion 7a, the lubricating oil in the pipe 7 can be collected.

このように、ポッド２内の潤滑油を、ポッド２内の所定位置で開口した配管７、及び吸引筒２４を介して採取することで、ポッド２内の定位置における潤滑油を常時採取することになり、採取した潤滑油の条件を一定にできる。 In this way, the lubricating oil in the pod 2 is always collected by collecting the lubricating oil in the pod 2 through the pipe 7 opened at a predetermined position in the pod 2 and the suction cylinder 24. Therefore, the condition of the collected lubricating oil can be made constant.

また、前述のように、ハウジング１０及び伝達部１８を被覆部８に対し所定角度に旋回するだけで、吸引筒２４と配管７とが連通するため、ハウジング１０及び伝達部１８内の定位置における一定条件の潤滑油を、非回転の被覆部８に形成された一定箇所の吸引筒２４を介し採取し易い。 Further, as described above, the suction cylinder 24 and the pipe 7 communicate with each other only by turning the housing 10 and the transmission portion 18 at a predetermined angle with respect to the covering portion 8. Lubricating oil under a certain condition can be easily collected through a suction cylinder 24 at a certain location formed in the non-rotating covering portion 8.

また、前述のように、ポッド２に設けられたスクリュー３４により潤滑油を循環路に循環させることで、循環流で潤滑油中の鉄分濃度を平均化し、常に平均化した鉄分濃度を検知できるため、ポッド２の磨耗状態を精度良く検知できる。 In addition, as described above, the lubricating oil is circulated in the circulation path by the screw 34 provided in the pod 2, so that the iron concentration in the lubricating oil can be averaged by the circulating flow, and the averaged iron concentration can always be detected. The wear state of the pod 2 can be accurately detected.

更に、前述のように、循環路が、ポッド２内に上下方向に配設された内空軸の外部から、ポッド２の底部に向けて開口した開口端２８ｃを介して内空軸の内部に通じていることで、重量により蓄積し易いポッド２の底部における潤滑油中の鉄分も、循環路に循環させることができる。 Further, as described above, the circulation path extends from the outside of the inner air shaft disposed in the vertical direction in the pod 2 to the inside of the inner air shaft through the open end 28 c that opens toward the bottom of the pod 2. By being connected, the iron in the lubricating oil at the bottom of the pod 2 that easily accumulates by weight can be circulated in the circulation path.

尚、後述のように、ポッド２内の各所で所定の動作を行う構成部材同士の係合（例えば、下部傘歯車２８の歯車部２８ａと歯車部６ａ，１６ａとの噛合）が長期に亘り継続することで、各部材の鉄分から成る表層部が粉体として部材から剥離し、この粉体がその重量により第２収容室１４の底部に経時的に堆積する。このため、本実施例では、潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度が比較的高い第２収容室１４の底部における潤滑油を採取するように、配管７の開口部７ｂが第２収容室１４の底部に開口するまで配管７が延びている構成となっている。 In addition, as will be described later, the engagement between the constituent members that perform a predetermined operation in various places in the pod 2 (for example, the engagement between the gear portion 28a of the lower bevel gear 28 and the gear portions 6a and 16a) continues for a long period of time. As a result, the surface layer portion made of iron of each member is peeled off from the member as powder, and this powder is deposited on the bottom of the second storage chamber 14 with time due to its weight. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the opening 7b of the pipe 7 is formed at the bottom of the second storage chamber 14 so as to collect the lubricant at the bottom of the second storage chamber 14 having a relatively high iron content in the lubricant. The pipe 7 extends until it opens.

また、配管７が第２収容室１４の底部における潤滑油を採取するために、本実施例では、前記ハンドポンプにより、潤滑油を先ず配管７の内容積に相当する所定量採取し、この採取した潤滑油を上済み液として除外した（第１収容室１３に戻した）後に、潤滑油の本採取を行う。このように、当初に採取した配管７の内容積に相当する量を除外した後の潤滑油を本採取として利用することで、第２収容室１４の底部における潤滑油の鉄分濃度として検知できる。 In addition, in order for the pipe 7 to collect the lubricating oil at the bottom of the second storage chamber 14, in this embodiment, the hand pump first collects a predetermined amount of lubricating oil corresponding to the internal volume of the pipe 7. After removing the lubricating oil as a finished liquid (returned to the first storage chamber 13), the main collection of the lubricating oil is performed. As described above, by using the lubricating oil after removing the amount corresponding to the internal volume of the pipe 7 collected at the beginning as the main collection, it can be detected as the iron concentration of the lubricating oil at the bottom of the second storage chamber 14.

図２に示されるように、潤滑油には、プロペラ９，１９の回転やハウジング１０及び伝達部１８の被覆部８に対する旋回等により、歯車部２０ａ及び上部傘歯車４、歯車部６ａ，１６ａ及び歯車部２８ａ、上部傘歯車４及び該上部傘歯車４を支持する軸受部３１、中間軸１５及び該中間軸１５を支持する軸受部３２、並びに下部傘歯車２８及び該下部傘歯車２８を支持する軸受部３３等の係合する各部材同士が磨耗することで発生する鉄分を含む粉体が含浸されており、該係合する各部材が、本発明の機械動作部を構成している。 As shown in FIG. 2, the lubricating oil includes a gear portion 20 a, an upper bevel gear 4, gear portions 6 a, 16 a, and the like by rotation of the propellers 9, 19 and rotation of the housing 10 and the transmission portion 18 with respect to the covering portion 8. The gear portion 28 a, the upper bevel gear 4, the bearing portion 31 that supports the upper bevel gear 4, the intermediate shaft 15, the bearing portion 32 that supports the intermediate shaft 15, and the lower bevel gear 28 and the lower bevel gear 28 are supported. The engaging member is impregnated with powder containing iron that is generated when the members to be engaged with each other are worn, and the engaging member constitutes the mechanical operating portion of the present invention.

尚、本実施例では、プロペラ９，１９の回転やハウジング１０及び伝達部１８の被覆部８に対する旋回等により磨耗する機械動作部のうち少なくとも一つの構成部材は、強磁性体である鉄分（Ｆｅ）を含んで構成され、該磨耗により鉄分が潤滑油に含浸される。 In this embodiment, at least one component of the mechanical operation part that is worn by the rotation of the propellers 9 and 19 and the rotation of the housing 10 and the covering part 8 of the transmission part 18 is iron (Fe) that is a ferromagnetic material. The lubricating oil is impregnated with iron by the wear.

前述の機械動作部の磨耗により機械動作部が故障等の不具合を起こす虞があるため、本実施例では、潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を定期的に計測し、機械動作部の磨耗状態を算出することで、機械動作部の磨耗状態を把握して機械動作部の不具合を未然に防止できるようになっている。 In the present embodiment, the concentration of iron contained in the lubricating oil is periodically measured and the wear state of the machine operating part is calculated because there is a risk that the machine operating part may fail due to wear of the machine operating part described above. By doing so, it is possible to grasp the state of wear of the machine operating unit and prevent problems with the machine operating unit.

次に、潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度（鉄分の重量濃度）の算出方法について説明する。 Next, a method for calculating the concentration of iron contained in the lubricating oil (weight concentration of iron) will be described.

図４（ａ）に示されるように、磨耗状態検知システム３は、ポッド２とは別体に設けられたシステムであり、前述したように配管７内から本採取した潤滑油に含まれる鉄分の濃度を計測する鉄分濃度検知手段としての検知ユニット４０と、機械動作部の磨耗状態を算出する磨耗状態算出手段５０と、から構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 4A, the wear state detection system 3 is a system provided separately from the pod 2, and as described above, the iron content contained in the lubricating oil sampled from the inside of the pipe 7 is used. It comprises a detection unit 40 as iron concentration detection means for measuring the concentration, and a wear state calculation means 50 for calculating the wear state of the machine operating part.

検知ユニット４０は、潤滑油が注入されたサンプル瓶２５が挿入される挿入部４１と、この検知ユニット４０を起動／停止させるｏｎ／ｏｆｆスイッチ４３と、サンプル瓶２５内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を表示する表示部３９と、を備えている。 The detection unit 40 includes an insertion portion 41 into which the sample bottle 25 into which the lubricating oil has been injected is inserted, an on / off switch 43 that activates / deactivates the detection unit 40, and iron content contained in the lubricating oil in the sample bottle 25. And a display unit 39 for displaying the density.

図４（ｂ）に示されるように、検知ユニット４０は、ｏｎ／ｏｆｆスイッチ４３をｏｎ状態にすることで、交流電流を出力する交流電源４４と、交流電源４４により電源が供給されることで励磁して磁場を形成する励磁コイル４５，４６と、励磁コイル４５，４６の励磁により誘導起電力を発生する誘導コイル４７と、誘導コイル４７の誘導起電力を増幅する増幅回路４８と、増幅回路にかかる電圧を電圧値として検知する検知部４９と、から構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 4B, the detection unit 40 is configured such that the on / off switch 43 is turned on to supply power by the AC power supply 44 that outputs an alternating current and the AC power supply 44. Excitation coils 45 and 46 that are excited to form a magnetic field, an induction coil 47 that generates an induced electromotive force by excitation of the excitation coils 45 and 46, an amplification circuit 48 that amplifies the induced electromotive force of the induction coil 47, and an amplification circuit And a detection unit 49 that detects the voltage applied to the above as a voltage value.

励磁コイル４５は、挿入部４１の外周を覆うように配置されており、誘導コイル４７は、励磁コイル４５，４６の間に配置されている。励磁コイル４５，４６の間に磁性体が存在しない場合（すなわち、サンプル瓶２５が挿入部４１に挿入されない場合、或るいはサンプル瓶２５が挿入部４１に挿入されても潤滑油に鉄分が含まれていない場合）には、交流電源４４が交流電流を出力している状態において、励磁コイル４５，４６により発生した磁場が、誘導コイル４７付近において互いに打ち消される。この磁場の打ち消しにより、誘導コイル４７に誘導起電力が発生することがない。 The exciting coil 45 is disposed so as to cover the outer periphery of the insertion portion 41, and the induction coil 47 is disposed between the exciting coils 45 and 46. When there is no magnetic material between the exciting coils 45 and 46 (that is, when the sample bottle 25 is not inserted into the insertion portion 41 or when the sample bottle 25 is inserted into the insertion portion 41, the lubricating oil contains iron. In the case where the AC power supply 44 is outputting an AC current, the magnetic fields generated by the excitation coils 45 and 46 are canceled out in the vicinity of the induction coil 47. By canceling out this magnetic field, no induced electromotive force is generated in the induction coil 47.

一方、鉄分が含まれる潤滑油が注入されたサンプル瓶２５が挿入部４１に挿入されている場合には、励磁コイル４５，４６により発生した磁場が、誘導コイル４７付近において不平衡となるため、誘導コイル４７が誘導起電力を発生する。 On the other hand, when the sample bottle 25 into which the lubricating oil containing iron is injected is inserted into the insertion portion 41, the magnetic field generated by the excitation coils 45 and 46 becomes unbalanced in the vicinity of the induction coil 47. The induction coil 47 generates an induced electromotive force.

検知部４９は、ｏｎ／ｏｆｆスイッチ４３をｏｎ状態にすることで交流電源４４から電源が供給され、サンプル瓶２５内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度Ｚ（ｐｐｍ）と増幅回路４８から出力される電圧値Ｖとの関係を示す関係式Ｚ＝ｆ（Ｖ）（増幅回路４８の電圧値（Ｖ）を変数として鉄分濃度Ｚが求まる関数）を記憶している。 The detection unit 49 is supplied with power from the AC power supply 44 by turning the on / off switch 43 to the on state, and is output from the iron concentration Z (ppm) contained in the lubricating oil in the sample bottle 25 and the amplification circuit 48. A relational expression Z = f (V) (a function for obtaining the iron concentration Z using the voltage value (V) of the amplifier circuit 48 as a variable) indicating the relation with the voltage value V is stored.

また、励磁コイル４５，４６が発生した磁場に、サンプル瓶２５内の潤滑油を作用させることで、検知部４９は、増幅回路４８から出力される電圧を電圧値として検知し、該電圧値と関係式Ｚとからサンプル瓶２５内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を算出し、該算出した値を表示部３９に表示する。 In addition, by causing the lubricating oil in the sample bottle 25 to act on the magnetic field generated by the excitation coils 45 and 46, the detection unit 49 detects the voltage output from the amplification circuit 48 as a voltage value, and The iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil in the sample bottle 25 is calculated from the relational expression Z, and the calculated value is displayed on the display unit 39.

このように、鉄分濃度検知手段としての検知ユニット４０が、磁場を発生する励磁コイル４５，４６と、励磁コイル４５，４６の励磁により誘導起電力を発生する誘導コイル４７と、誘導コイル４７に発生した誘導起電力を、増幅回路４８を介して検知する検知部４９とを備えることで、潤滑油中の磁性体である鉄分濃度を、検知部４９により、該潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を増幅回路４８の電圧値、すなわち誘導起電力として確実且つ高精度に検知できる。 As described above, the detection unit 40 as the iron concentration detection means is generated in the induction coils 45 and 46 that generate the magnetic field, the induction coil 47 that generates the induced electromotive force by the excitation of the excitation coils 45 and 46, and the induction coil 47. And a detection unit 49 that detects the induced electromotive force via the amplification circuit 48, thereby amplifying the iron concentration that is a magnetic substance in the lubricating oil, and the detection unit 49 amplifies the iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil. The voltage value of the circuit 48, that is, the induced electromotive force, can be detected reliably and with high accuracy.

また、ポッド２内の潤滑油を、吸引筒２４を介して採取することで、ポッド２内とは別体に設けられた検知ユニット４０により、適宜の場所で鉄分濃度を検知できる。上述した鉄分濃度の検知は、作業者等が所定期間ごと（例えば毎日１回若しくは毎週１回）に継続して行う。 Further, by collecting the lubricating oil in the pod 2 through the suction cylinder 24, the iron concentration can be detected at an appropriate place by the detection unit 40 provided separately from the inside of the pod 2. The above-described detection of the iron concentration is continuously performed by a worker or the like every predetermined period (for example, once every day or once every week).

次に、日時の経過とポッド２内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度の関係を説明する。 Next, the relationship between the passage of time and the concentration of iron contained in the lubricating oil in the pod 2 will be described.

図５（ａ）は、鉄分濃度の検知日ｔ（日）と、当該検知日におけるポッド２内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度Ｍ（ｐｐｍ）と、の関係を時系列的に示しており、図示実線の曲線に示されるように、初期段階においては新品の機械動作部の表層部の剥離が比較的生じ易いため、ｔ１まで比較的急に鉄分濃度が増加する（ｔ１において鉄分濃度はＭ１）。 FIG. 5A shows the relationship between the iron concentration detection date t (day) and the iron concentration M (ppm) contained in the lubricating oil in the pod 2 on the detection date in time series. As shown by the solid curve in the figure, since the surface layer part of the new machine operation part is relatively easy to peel off at the initial stage, the iron concentration increases relatively rapidly until t1 (the iron concentration is M1 at t1). .

尚、前述した検知ユニット４０で検知した鉄分濃度は、１日ごとに計測される実測値であり、鉄分濃度Ｚと表しており、図５（ａ）の曲線で示される鉄分濃度は、後述のように実測値である鉄分濃度Ｚから関数近似で得られた連続した関数として、鉄分濃度Ｍと表している。 The iron concentration detected by the detection unit 40 described above is an actual measurement value measured every day, and is represented as iron concentration Z. The iron concentration shown by the curve in FIG. Thus, the iron concentration M is expressed as a continuous function obtained by function approximation from the iron concentration Z that is an actual measurement value.

そして、ｔ１を過ぎると、機械動作部の動作が安定するため、ｔ３まで長期に亘って緩やかに且つ略一定の上昇率で鉄分濃度が増加する。ｔ３を過ぎると、鉄分濃度上昇率Ｌが高まる。ここで、鉄分濃度上昇率Ｌとは、単位時間当たりの鉄分濃度の増加分（図５（ａ）中の曲線の傾き）を意味する。 Then, after t1, since the operation of the mechanical operating unit is stabilized, the iron concentration increases gradually and at a substantially constant rate of increase over a long period until t3. After t3, the iron concentration increase rate L increases. Here, the iron concentration increase rate L means an increase in the iron concentration per unit time (the slope of the curve in FIG. 5A).

図５（ｂ）は、検知日ｔ（日）とポッド２が動作不良を起こす確率（以後、確率Ｐ（％）と称す）の関係を示しており、図示曲線に示されるように、ｔ＝０に近い初期段階において、ポッド２内の構成部材が備付不良等により確率Ｐが比較的高いが（ｔ＝０近傍において確率ＰはＰ０）、ｔ１まで確率Ｐが漸次減少する（ｔ１において確率ＰはＰ１）。 FIG. 5B shows the relationship between the detection date t (day) and the probability that the pod 2 will malfunction (hereinafter referred to as probability P (%)). As shown in the curve shown in FIG. At an initial stage close to 0, the probability P is relatively high due to poor mounting of components in the pod 2 (probability P is P0 near t = 0), but the probability P gradually decreases until t1 (probability P at t1). Is P1).

そして、鉄分濃度Ｍがｔ１からｔ３まで緩やかに増加し、ｔ３を過ぎると急激に増加することに応じて、確率Ｐも、ｔ１からｔ３まで緩やかに増加し、ｔ３を過ぎると急激に増加するようになっている。すなわちポッド２の確率Ｐは、時系列的にいわゆるバスタブ曲線を形成する。つまり、仮に潤滑油の交換が無いとした場合、ポッド２が動作不良を起こす確率が急激に高まる（鉄分濃度上昇率ＬがＬ３を示す）時であるｔ３が、ポッド２の機械動作部を交換等する最適なタイミングであることになる（ｔ３において確率ＰはＰ３）。また、本実施例のように潤滑油の交換が有る場合、鉄分濃度上昇率ＬがＬ３以上を示す時が、ポッド２の機械動作部を交換等する最適なタイミングになる。 The probability P also increases gradually from t1 to t3 in response to the iron concentration M gradually increasing from t1 to t3 and rapidly increasing after t3, and rapidly increasing after t3. It has become. That is, the probability P of the pod 2 forms a so-called bathtub curve in time series. In other words, if it is assumed that there is no replacement of the lubricating oil, t3 when the probability that the pod 2 will malfunction is rapidly increased (the iron concentration increase rate L indicates L3), and the mechanical operation part of the pod 2 is replaced. (The probability P is P3 at t3). Further, when the lubricating oil is exchanged as in the present embodiment, the optimum timing for exchanging the machine operating portion of the pod 2 is when the iron concentration increase rate L is L3 or more.

前述したように、機械動作部の磨耗により、潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度が高まり、ポッド２内の潤滑油の油質が劣化するため、本実施例では、所定期間の使用後、ポッド２内の潤滑油を所定量（例えば半分量）交換する作業を行う。尚、一般的に、潤滑油を交換するまでの潤滑油の使用期間は、機械動作部を磨耗により交換するまでの機械動作部の使用期間よりも短い。 As described above, since the iron content in the lubricating oil is increased due to wear of the machine operating portion, and the quality of the lubricating oil in the pod 2 is deteriorated, in this embodiment, in the pod 2 after use for a predetermined period. The operation of exchanging a predetermined amount (for example, half amount) of the lubricating oil is performed. In general, the use period of the lubricating oil until the replacement of the lubricating oil is shorter than the use period of the mechanical operation part until the machine operation part is replaced due to wear.

図５（ａ）に示されるように、点線の曲線は、検知日ｔ２においてポッド２内の潤滑油を半分交換、すなわちｔ２まで使用していた潤滑油の半分を、鉄分を含まない新規の潤滑油に交換した場合において、検知日ｔ（日）とポッド２内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度Ｍ（ｐｐｍ）との関係を示している。また、図５（ｂ）における点線の曲線は、検知日ｔ（日）と確率Ｐとの関係を示している。 As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the dotted curve indicates that the lubricating oil in the pod 2 has been changed half on the detection date t2, that is, half of the lubricating oil that has been used up to t2 is newly lubricated without iron. When the oil is replaced, the relationship between the detection date t (day) and the iron concentration M (ppm) contained in the lubricating oil in the pod 2 is shown. Further, the dotted curve in FIG. 5B shows the relationship between the detection date t (day) and the probability P.

ポッド２内の潤滑油を半分交換することにより、交換後の鉄分濃度は、交換前の鉄分濃度の略半分を示すことになる。尚、言うまでもないが、潤滑油を交換しても、機械動作部の磨耗の状態は変化しない。したがってｔ２以後、ｔ２からｔ４付近までの期間において、鉄分濃度は、図示実線におけるｔ１からｔ３までの鉄分濃度の増加と同様に緩やかな勾配で増加する傾向を示す。そして、更に鉄分濃度Ｍは、ｔ４付近を過ぎると急激に増加する（ｔ４において鉄分濃度はＭ４）。すなわち、図５（ｂ）に示されるように、確率Ｐがｔ４付近を過ぎると急激に上昇する（ｔ４において確率はＰ４）。 By exchanging half of the lubricating oil in the pod 2, the iron concentration after the exchange shows approximately half of the iron concentration before the exchange. Needless to say, even if the lubricating oil is replaced, the state of wear of the machine operating portion does not change. Therefore, during the period from t2 to around t2 to t4, the iron concentration tends to increase with a gentle gradient, similar to the increase in iron concentration from t1 to t3 in the solid line in the figure. Further, the iron concentration M increases rapidly after the vicinity of t4 (the iron concentration is M4 at t4). That is, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the probability P passes around t4, the probability increases rapidly (the probability is P4 at t4).

次に、機械動作部の磨耗状態を把握する方法について説明する。 Next, a method for grasping the wear state of the machine operating unit will be described.

磨耗状態算出手段５０は、図４（ａ）、（ｂ）に示されるように、所定の表示を行う報知部としての表示部５０ａと、検知日時情報等の各種情報を入力する入力部５０ｂと、入力部５０ｂに入力された検知日を示す検知日時情報及び検知日における鉄分濃度を示す鉄分濃度情報を対応付けて記憶する記憶部５０ｃと、鉄分濃度上昇率を算出する演算や各種制御を実行する制御部５０ｄと、表示部５０ａ、入力部５０ｂ、記憶部５０ｃ、及び制御部５０ｄに電力を供給する図示しない電源部と、を備えている。 As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the wear state calculation means 50 includes a display unit 50a as a notification unit that performs a predetermined display, and an input unit 50b that inputs various types of information such as detection date and time information. The storage unit 50c that stores the detection date and time information indicating the detection date input to the input unit 50b and the iron concentration information indicating the iron concentration on the detection date in association with each other, and executes calculations and various controls for calculating the iron concentration increase rate A control unit 50d, a display unit 50a, an input unit 50b, a storage unit 50c, and a power supply unit (not shown) that supplies power to the control unit 50d.

また、記憶部５０ｃは、図５（ａ）における実線の曲線（潤滑油を交換しないとした場合の曲線）において、鉄分濃度が急激に増加する検知日ｔ３における傾きの値（Ｌ３）と、鉄分濃度上昇率を算出するためのプログラムと、を記憶している。そして、制御部５０ｄは、前記プログラムを実行し、検知日ｔ１以上において図５（ａ）における実線の曲線のグラフを関数近似することで、関数ｎ＝ｓ（ｔ）（ｎは鉄分濃度、ｔは検知日）として算出し、更に該算出した関数ｎ＝ｓ（ｔ）を検知日ｔで微分する。この微分により、導関数ｄｎ／ｄｔ＝ｄｓ（ｔ）／ｄｔが算出され、制御部５０ｄは、ｄｎ／ｄｔ＝ｄｓ（ｔ）／ｄｔにｔ３を代入することで、ｄｓ（ｔ３）／ｄｔを算出され、この算出されたｄｓ（ｔ３）／ｄｔが、所定値としての傾きの値Ｌ３となる。 In addition, the storage unit 50c has a solid curve (a curve in the case where the lubricating oil is not replaced) in FIG. 5A, the slope value (L3) on the detection date t3 at which the iron concentration rapidly increases, and the iron content. And a program for calculating the concentration increase rate. Then, the control unit 50d executes the program and approximates the graph of the solid curve in FIG. 5A on the detection date t1 or more by function approximation, so that the function n = s (t) (n is the iron concentration, t Is the detection date), and the calculated function n = s (t) is differentiated by the detection date t. By this differentiation, a derivative dn / dt = ds (t) / dt is calculated, and the control unit 50d substitutes t3 for dn / dt = ds (t) / dt, thereby obtaining ds (t3) / dt. The calculated ds (t3) / dt is a slope value L3 as a predetermined value.

また、図５（ａ）の実線の曲線において、ｔ１からｔ３まで緩やかに鉄分濃度が増加し、ｔ３を過ぎると鉄分濃度上昇率が高まっているように、鉄分濃度上昇率を示す導関数ｄｎ／ｄｔは、日時の経過とともに漸次大きくなっている（関数ｎにおいて、ｔ＞ｔ１のとき、ｄｎ／ｄｔ，ｄ^２ｎ／ｄｔ^２＞０）。 In addition, in the solid curve in FIG. 5A, the derivative dn / showing the iron concentration increase rate so that the iron concentration gradually increases from t1 to t3, and the iron concentration increase rate increases after t3. dt gradually increases with the passage of time (in the function n, when t> t1, dn / dt, d ² n / dt ² > 0).

本実施例では、毎日、ポッド２内の潤滑油を採取するとともに、検知ユニット４０にて該潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を計測し、該計測した値を入力部５０ｂにより記憶部５０ｃに入力していく。そして、制御部５０ｄは、前記プログラムを実行することで、検知日ｔ（日）とポッド２内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度Ｍ（ｐｐｍ）との関係を示すグラフを作成する。 In the present embodiment, the lubricating oil in the pod 2 is collected every day, the iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil is measured by the detection unit 40, and the measured value is input to the storage unit 50c by the input unit 50b. To go. And the control part 50d produces the graph which shows the relationship between the detection date t (day) and the iron concentration M (ppm) contained in the lubricating oil in the pod 2 by executing the program.

尚、検知ユニット４０で計測した鉄分濃度の記憶部５０ｃに入力する入力部については、例えば有線若しくは無線による周知の通信手段を用いて自動に入力する自動入力部でも良いし、また作業者等が検知ユニット４０の表示部３９に表示された鉄分濃度を記憶部５０ｃに手動で入力する手動入力部でも良い。 The input unit that is input to the storage unit 50c of the iron concentration measured by the detection unit 40 may be an automatic input unit that inputs automatically using, for example, a well-known wired or wireless communication unit. A manual input unit that manually inputs the iron concentration displayed on the display unit 39 of the detection unit 40 to the storage unit 50c may be used.

次いで、制御部５０ｄは、前記プログラムを実行し、検知日ｔ１以上において前記グラフを関数近似することで、関数ｍ＝ｆ（ｔ）（ｍは鉄分濃度、ｔは検知日）として算出し、更に該算出した関数ｍ＝ｆ（ｔ）を検知日ｔで微分する。この微分により、導関数ｄｍ／ｄｔ＝ｄｆ（ｔ）／ｄｔが算出され、制御部５０ｄは、今回計測した検知日を代入してｄｍ／ｄｔを算出する。この算出したｄｍ／ｄｔの値が磨耗状態を示す値となる。すなわち、制御部５０ｄは、記憶部５０ｃに記憶された各々の鉄分濃度情報及び検知日時情報に基づき、単位時間当たりの鉄分濃度上昇率を算出し、制御部５０ｄは本発明の算出部を構成している。尚、前述したグラフの作成やｄｍ／ｄｔの算出等は、制御部５０ｄが前記プログラムを実行することにより行われる。 Next, the control unit 50d executes the program and calculates the function m = f (t) (m is the iron concentration, t is the detection date) by approximating the graph on the detection date t1 or more, and further, The calculated function m = f (t) is differentiated by the detection date t. By this differentiation, the derivative dm / dt = df (t) / dt is calculated, and the control unit 50d calculates dm / dt by substituting the detection date measured this time. The calculated dm / dt value is a value indicating the wear state. That is, the control unit 50d calculates an iron concentration increase rate per unit time based on each iron concentration information and detection date / time information stored in the storage unit 50c, and the control unit 50d constitutes the calculation unit of the present invention. ing. The above-described graph creation, dm / dt calculation, and the like are performed by the control unit 50d executing the program.

また、図５（ｂ）の実線の曲線において、ｔ１からｔ４付近まで緩やかに鉄分濃度が増加し、ｔ４付近を過ぎると鉄分濃度上昇率が高まっているように、鉄分濃度上昇率を示す導関数ｄｍ／ｄｔは、日時の経過とともに漸次大きくなっている（関数ｍにおいて、ｔ＞ｔ１のとき、ｄｍ／ｄｔ，ｄ^２ｍ／ｄｔ^２＞０）。 Further, in the solid curve in FIG. 5B, a derivative indicating the iron concentration increase rate so that the iron concentration gradually increases from t1 to the vicinity of t4 and increases near the t4. dm / dt gradually increases with the passage of time (in the function m, when t> t1, dm / dt, d ² m / dt ² > 0).

そして、今回の磨耗状態を示す値が算出された後に、制御部５０ｄは、算出したｄｍ／ｄｔが、傾きの値Ｌ３＝ｄｓ（ｔ３）／ｄｔ以上であるか否かを判定し、該算出したｄｍ／ｄｔが傾きの値Ｌ３＝ｄｓ（ｔ３）／ｄｔ以上と判定した場合には、表示部５０ａ（図４（ａ）参照）に機械動作部が所定の磨耗状態であるとして所定の警告を表示する。尚、警告については、表示部５０ａの表示に加えて、若しくは表示部５０ａの表示に換えて、磨耗状態算出手段５０を構成する音声発生部により警告を音声発生させてもよい。 After the value indicating the current wear state is calculated, the control unit 50d determines whether or not the calculated dm / dt is equal to or greater than the inclination value L3 = ds (t3) / dt, and the calculation is performed. If it is determined that the measured dm / dt is equal to or greater than the inclination value L3 = ds (t3) / dt, a predetermined warning is given on the display unit 50a (see FIG. 4A) that the machine operating unit is in a predetermined wear state. Is displayed. As for the warning, the warning may be generated by a voice generation unit constituting the wear state calculation means 50 in addition to the display of the display unit 50a or instead of the display of the display unit 50a.

図５（ａ）の点線の曲線において、計測した検知日ｔ４における傾きの値（Ｌ４）であって、ｄｓ（ｔ３）／ｄｔ＜ｄｆ（ｔ４）／ｄｔとなり、計測した検知日ｔ４において、表示部５０ａに所定の警告が表示される。すなわち、図５（ｂ）に示されるように、ｔ４における確率Ｐ４は、Ｐ３よりも大きい値を示す。尚、本実施例では、所定の警告が表示される検知日には、ｄｍ／ｄｔがｄｓ（ｔ３）／ｄｔよりも大きくなるが、鉄分濃度を計測した検知日において、ｄｍ／ｄｔがｄｓ（ｔ３）／ｄｔと同じになったときにも、所定の警告が表示される。 In the dotted curve in FIG. 5 (a), the slope value (L4) at the detected detection date t4 is ds (t3) / dt <df (t4) / dt, and is displayed on the measured detection date t4. A predetermined warning is displayed on the part 50a. That is, as shown in FIG. 5B, the probability P4 at t4 indicates a value larger than P3. In this embodiment, dm / dt is larger than ds (t3) / dt on the detection date when the predetermined warning is displayed. On the detection date when the iron concentration is measured, dm / dt is ds ( A predetermined warning is also displayed when t3) / dt.

表示部５０ａ（図４（ａ）参照）に警告を示す旨が表示されたときに、ポッド２内の機械動作部の交換を行う。よって、ポッド２内を分解して機械動作部を定期的に点検を行った際に、機械動作部の磨耗が軽度であることにより機械動作部を交換する必要がない状況が起こることなく、機械動作部の磨耗状態を把握しながら、最適なタイミングで効率よく磨耗した機械動作部を交換し、ポッド２の不具合の発生を確実に防止することができる。 When a warning is displayed on the display unit 50a (see FIG. 4A), the machine operating unit in the pod 2 is replaced. Therefore, when the inside of the pod 2 is disassembled and the machine operating part is periodically inspected, the machine operating part is lightly worn, so that there is no need to replace the machine operating part. While grasping the state of wear of the operating part, the machine operating part that has been efficiently worn can be exchanged at an optimal timing, and the occurrence of defects in the pod 2 can be reliably prevented.

つまり、単位時間当たりの鉄分濃度上昇率が急激に増加するタイミングが、ポッド２が動作不良を起こす確率が急激に増加するタイミングと一致しているため、記憶部５０ｃに記憶された各々の鉄分濃度情報及び検知日時情報に基づき、単位時間当たりの鉄分濃度上昇率を制御部５０ｄにより算出し、鉄分濃度上昇率が傾きの値Ｌ３を超えた場合に、機械動作部が所定の磨耗状態であるとして表示部５０ａにより報知することで、潤滑油を一部若しくは全部交換するなどして、鉄分濃度の値自体が変化した場合でも、機械動作部の磨耗状態に依拠する鉄分濃度上昇率に基づいて機械動作部の磨耗状態を正確に把握できる。 That is, since the timing at which the rate of increase in iron concentration per unit time increases rapidly coincides with the timing at which the probability that the pod 2 malfunctions increases rapidly, each iron concentration stored in the storage unit 50c. Based on the information and the detection date and time information, the control unit 50d calculates the iron concentration increase rate per unit time, and when the iron concentration increase rate exceeds the slope value L3, the machine operation unit is in a predetermined wear state. Even if the value of the iron concentration itself is changed, for example, by replacing part or all of the lubricating oil by informing the display unit 50a, the machine is based on the iron concentration increase rate that depends on the wear state of the machine operating unit. The wear state of the moving part can be accurately grasped.

また、機械動作部の動作が安定する期間（ｔ１からｔ３までの期間）において、潤滑油を所定量交換し、潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度の値自体を減らすことで、潤滑油中の鉄分がポッド２内の機械動作部に作用することに起因する、機械動作部の更なる剥離を低減できるため、結果としてポッド２内の鉄分濃度が、急激に増加する鉄分濃度に到達する時点を遅らせることができ（本実施例では、ｔ３からｔ４に遅らせている）、機械動作部の交換を行う間隔を長くすることが可能となる。 Further, in a period during which the operation of the machine operation unit is stable (period from t1 to t3), the predetermined amount of the lubricating oil is changed, and the iron concentration in the lubricating oil itself is reduced, thereby reducing the iron content in the lubricating oil. Since further detachment of the machine operating part due to acting on the machine operating part in the pod 2 can be reduced, as a result, the time when the iron concentration in the pod 2 reaches the rapidly increasing iron concentration is delayed. (In this embodiment, it is delayed from t3 to t4), and the interval for exchanging the machine operation unit can be increased.

また、図５（ａ）に示されるように、例えば、鉄分濃度上昇率が傾きの値Ｌ３を未だ超えない検知日であるｔ５において、制御部５０ｄがプログラムを実行することにより、検知日ｔ１から検知日ｔ５までの実測した鉄分濃度に基づき、ｔ５以降における将来のｔ（日）とポッド２内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度Ｍ（ｐｐｍ）との関係が、関数ｍ＝ｆ（ｔ）（ｔ１≦ｔ）として算出されるため、今回計測した検知日ｔ５以降においても、鉄分濃度が予測的に算出されることになる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), for example, at the detection date t5 when the iron concentration increase rate has not yet exceeded the slope value L3, the control unit 50d executes the program so that the detection date t1 Based on the measured iron concentration until the detection date t5, the relationship between the future t (day) after t5 and the iron concentration M (ppm) contained in the lubricating oil in the pod 2 is the function m = f (t) ( Since it is calculated as t1 ≦ t), the iron concentration is calculated predictively even after the detection date t5 measured this time.

このため、制御部５０ｄは、関数ｍ＝ｆ（ｔ）の微分によりｄｆ（ｔ）／ｄｔが算出された後に、ｔ１以上において、検知日（ｔ）とｄｆ（ｔ）／ｄｔとの関係をグラフとして作成し、このグラフを表示部５０ａに表示してもよく、このようにすることで、このグラフにより、ｄｆ（ｔ）／ｄｔが傾きの値Ｌ３以上に達する日時、すなわち、機械動作部が所定の磨耗状態になる日時を、この日時の前に予測することができるため、機械動作部を交換する作業の準備を前もって行うことができる。 Therefore, the control unit 50d calculates the relationship between the detection date (t) and df (t) / dt at t1 or more after df (t) / dt is calculated by the differentiation of the function m = f (t). It may be created as a graph, and this graph may be displayed on the display unit 50a. By doing so, the date and time when df (t) / dt reaches the slope value L3 or more, that is, the machine operation unit Since it is possible to predict the date and time when the machine will be in a predetermined wear state before this date and time, preparations for exchanging the machine operating unit can be made in advance.

尚、本実施例では、潤滑油を所定量交換しているが、特段に潤滑油を所定量交換する作業を行わなくてもよい。この場合には、磨耗状態算出手段５０は、図５（ａ）の実線の曲線における検知日ｔと鉄分濃度Ｍとの関係に対応する、鉄分濃度Ｍと機械動作部の磨耗状態を示す値との関係を示すデータを記憶している。そして、計測した値を入力部５０ｂに入力した後に、制御部５０ｄが、前記データを基に、該計測した値における磨耗状態を示す値を算出する。 In the present embodiment, the predetermined amount of the lubricating oil is changed, but the operation of exchanging the predetermined amount of the lubricating oil may not be performed. In this case, the wear state calculating means 50 is a value indicating the iron concentration M and the wear state of the machine operating portion corresponding to the relationship between the detection date t and the iron concentration M in the solid curve in FIG. The data indicating the relationship is stored. And after inputting the measured value into the input part 50b, the control part 50d calculates the value which shows the wear state in this measured value based on the said data.

次いで、制御部５０ｄは、前記算出した値が、記憶部５０ｃにより記憶されている予め定められた所定値以上か否かを判定し、前記算出した値が予め定められた所定値以上と判定した場合には、表示部５０ａ（図４（ａ）参照）に、警告を示す旨を表示する。 Next, the control unit 50d determines whether or not the calculated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value stored in the storage unit 50c, and determines that the calculated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. In such a case, a message indicating a warning is displayed on the display unit 50a (see FIG. 4A).

以上に説明したように、実施例の磨耗状態検知システム３において、鉄分濃度検知手段としての検知ユニット４０によりポッド２内の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を検知し、磨耗状態算出手段５０により、鉄分濃度に基づき機械動作部の磨耗状態を算出することで、潤滑油に含浸されたポッド２に設けられた機械動作部の磨耗状態が、機械動作部をポッド２から取り出し、若しくは潤滑油から露出させることなく検知できるばかりか、機械動作部の不具合発生の原因となる機械動作部の磨耗状態を、不具合の発生以前に検知して不具合を未然に防止できる。 As described above, in the wear state detection system 3 of the embodiment, the detection unit 40 as the iron concentration detection means detects the iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil in the pod 2 and the wear state calculation means 50 detects the iron content. By calculating the wear state of the machine operating portion based on the concentration, the wear state of the machine operating portion provided in the pod 2 impregnated with the lubricating oil is taken out of the pod 2 or exposed from the lubricating oil. In addition to being able to detect without any trouble, it is possible to detect the wear state of the machine operating part that causes the trouble of the machine operating part before the trouble occurs, thereby preventing the trouble.

以上、本発明の実施例を図面により説明してきたが、具体的な構成はこれら実施例に限られるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲における変更や追加があっても本発明に含まれる。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and modifications and additions within the scope of the present invention are included in the present invention. It is.

例えば、前記実施例では、検知ユニット４０がポッド２とは別体に設けられる磨耗状態検知システム３を採用しているが、これに限らず、ポッドに固定に設けられた磨耗状態検知システムを採用してもよい。 For example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the detection unit 40 employs the wear state detection system 3 provided separately from the pod 2, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a wear state detection system fixed to the pod is employed. May be.

変形例として、図６（ａ）に示されるように、配管７に、塩化ビニール等の合成樹脂材、すなわち強磁性体を除く材料から成り、潤滑油の循環路を構成する配管部５１が接続されており、配管部５１の経路上には、ポッドに固定の検知ユニット４０’が配設されている。尚、配管部５１の材質は強磁性体を除く材料であれば、塩化ビニール等の合成樹脂材に限らず、例えば、アルミ材から成っていてもよい。 As a modified example, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), a pipe portion 51 made of a synthetic resin material such as vinyl chloride, that is, a material excluding a ferromagnetic material and constituting a lubricating oil circulation path is connected to the pipe 7. In addition, a detection unit 40 ′ fixed to the pod is disposed on the path of the piping part 51. In addition, if the material of the piping part 51 is a material except a ferromagnetic body, it may consist of not only synthetic resin materials, such as a vinyl chloride, but an aluminum material, for example.

検知ユニット４０’について具体的に説明すると、図６（ｂ）に示されるように、配管部５１の周りを覆うように、検知ユニット４０’を構成する励磁コイル４５’が設けられている。また、図示しないｏｎ／ｏｆｆスイッチをｏｎ状態にすることで、検知部４９’は、配管部５１内を流れる潤滑油中の鉄分濃度を検知するようになっている。 The detection unit 40 ′ will be described in detail. As shown in FIG. 6B, an excitation coil 45 ′ constituting the detection unit 40 ′ is provided so as to cover the periphery of the pipe portion 51. Further, by turning on an on / off switch (not shown), the detection unit 49 ′ detects the iron concentration in the lubricating oil flowing in the pipe unit 51.

尚、励磁コイル４５’及び検知部４９’以外の検知ユニット４０’を構成する手段は、前記実施例と同一構成であるため、同じ符号を付しており、変形例の潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度の算出方法も、実施例と同一であるため、該算出方法の説明は省略する。 In addition, since the means which comprises detection unit 40 'other than exciting coil 45' and the detection part 49 'are the same structures as the said Example, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the iron content contained in the lubricating oil of a modification is shown. Since the calculation method of the density is the same as that in the embodiment, the description of the calculation method is omitted.

このように、循環路を構成する配管部５１に、励磁コイル４５’が設けられていることで、ポッド２内の潤滑油を採取する手間を要することなく、循環路の循環により平均化した鉄分濃度を検知できる。 As described above, since the exciting coil 45 ′ is provided in the piping part 51 constituting the circulation path, the iron content averaged by circulation of the circulation path is not required without taking the trouble of collecting the lubricating oil in the pod 2. Can detect density.

また、前述のように、配管部５１が、強磁性体を除く材料から成ることで、配管部５１に設けられた励磁コイル４５’が配管部５１により励磁され難く、潤滑油中の鉄分のみにより励磁されることになるため、誘導起電力として鉄分濃度を検知し易い。 Further, as described above, since the piping part 51 is made of a material excluding the ferromagnetic material, the excitation coil 45 ′ provided in the piping part 51 is difficult to be excited by the piping part 51, and only by the iron content in the lubricating oil. Since it is excited, it is easy to detect the iron concentration as the induced electromotive force.

また、前記実施例及び変形例では、船舶のポッド２において磨耗状態検知システム３，３’を採用しているが、これに限らず、例えば、磨耗状態検知システムは、内部が潤滑油に含浸された機械収容部と、該機械収容部に設けられ、潤滑油中で所定に動作をする少なくとも鉄分を含む機械動作部と、を備える車両等においても適用可能である。 Moreover, in the said Example and modification, although the abrasion state detection systems 3 and 3 'are employ | adopted in the pod 2 of a ship, it is not restricted to this, For example, as for an abrasion state detection system, the inside is impregnated with lubricating oil. The present invention can also be applied to a vehicle or the like that includes a machine housing section and a machine operation section that is provided in the machine housing section and that operates in a lubricating oil and includes at least iron.

また、前記実施例及び変形例では、励磁コイル４５，４５’，４６が発生した磁場に潤滑油を作用させることで、検知部４９は、該潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を誘導起電力として検知し、磨耗状態算出手段５０が機械動作部の磨耗状態を算出しているが、これに限らず、例えば、磨耗状態検知システムを構成する鉄分濃度検知手段は、採取した潤滑油の所定体積当たりの重量を測定することで潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を検知するものであってもよい。 Moreover, in the said Example and modification, by making lubricating oil act on the magnetic field which exciting coil 45, 45 ', 46 generated, the detection part 49 detects the iron content concentration contained in this lubricating oil as an induced electromotive force. However, the wear state calculation means 50 calculates the wear state of the machine operating part. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the iron concentration detection means that constitutes the wear state detection system is used for a predetermined volume of the collected lubricating oil. The iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil may be detected by measuring the weight.

また、前記実施例及び変形例では、励磁コイル４５，４６（４５’，４６）と２つずつ設けられているが、これに限らず、例えば、鉄分濃度検知手段は、励磁コイルを１つのみ備え、該励磁コイルが発生した磁場に潤滑油を作用させることで、検知部は、該潤滑油に含まれる鉄分濃度を誘導コイルの誘導起電力として検知してもよい。 Moreover, in the said Example and modification, although two excitation coils 45 and 46 (45 ', 46) are provided, it is not restricted to this, For example, an iron concentration detection means has only one excitation coil. The detecting unit may detect the iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil as an induced electromotive force of the induction coil by providing lubricating oil to the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil.

また、前記実施例及び変形例では、鉄分濃度検知手段としての検知ユニット４０は、誘導コイル４７の誘導起電力を増幅する増幅回路４８を備えているが、これに限らず、鉄分濃度検知手段は、特段に増幅回路を設けることなく検知部が誘導コイルの誘導起電力を直接検知するものであってもよい。 Moreover, in the said Example and modification, although the detection unit 40 as an iron concentration detection means is provided with the amplifier circuit 48 which amplifies the induced electromotive force of the induction coil 47, it is not restricted to this, Iron concentration detection means The detection unit may directly detect the induced electromotive force of the induction coil without providing an amplifier circuit.

１船舶
２ポッド（機械収容部）
３磨耗状態検知システム
４上部傘歯車（内空軸）
５中間軸（内空軸）
７配管（採取路）
７ａ，７ｂ開口部
８被覆部
１０ハウジング（旋回部）
１５中間軸（内空軸）
１８伝達部（旋回部）
２４吸引筒（採取口）
２８下部傘歯車（内空軸）
２８ｃ開口端
３４スクリュー（循環手段）
４０検知ユニット（鉄分濃度検知手段）
４５，４５’，４６励磁コイル
４７誘導コイル
４９，４９’ 検知部
５０磨耗状態算出手段
５０ａ表示部（報知部）
５０ｃ記憶部
５０ｄ制御部（算出部）
５１配管部 1 Ship 2 Pod (Mechanical housing)
3 Wear state detection system 4 Upper bevel gear (inner hollow shaft)
5 Intermediate shaft (inner hollow shaft)
7 Piping (collection path)
7a, 7b Opening 8 Covering part 10 Housing (swivel part)
15 Intermediate shaft (inner hollow shaft)
18 Transmission part (swivel part)
24 Suction cylinder (collection port)
28 Lower bevel gear (inner hollow shaft)
28c Open end 34 Screw (circulation means)
40 Detection unit (Iron concentration detection means)
45, 45 ', 46 Excitation coil 47 Inductive coil 49, 49' Detection unit 50 Wear state calculation means 50a Display unit (notification unit)
50c storage unit 50d control unit (calculation unit)
51 Piping section

Claims

A wear state detection system for detecting a wear state of a machine operation part including at least iron which is provided in a machine housing part impregnated with a lubricant oil and operates in a predetermined manner in the lubricant oil,
Iron concentration detection means for detecting the iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil;
A wear state detection system comprising: a wear state calculation unit that calculates a wear state of the machine operation unit based on the iron concentration detected by the iron concentration detection unit.

The wear state calculation means includes:
Each time an iron concentration is detected by the iron concentration detecting means, a storage unit that stores iron concentration information and detection date / time information that detects the iron concentration in association with each other,
A calculation unit that calculates an iron concentration increase rate per unit time based on each of the iron concentration information and the detection date and time information stored in the storage unit;
2. A notification unit that notifies that the machine operation unit is in a predetermined wear state when the rate of increase in iron concentration calculated by the calculation unit exceeds a predetermined value. Wear state detection system.

The iron concentration detecting means includes an excitation coil that generates a magnetic field by being excited when power is supplied, an induction coil that generates an induced electromotive force by excitation of the excitation coil, and an induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil And a detection unit for detecting
2. The detection unit detects an iron concentration contained in the lubricating oil as an induced electromotive force by applying the lubricating oil to a magnetic field generated by the exciting coil. Or the wear state detection system according to 2;

2. The iron concentration detecting means is provided separately from the machine housing portion, and a sampling port for collecting lubricating oil in the machine housing portion is formed in the machine housing portion. 4. The wear state detection system according to any one of 3 to 3.

The wear state detection system according to claim 4, wherein a sampling path for collecting the lubricating oil opened at a predetermined position in the machine housing portion is formed in the machine housing portion toward the sampling port. .

The machine housing portion includes a non-rotating covering portion in which the sampling port is formed, and a swiveling portion that is capable of being liquid-tightly swiveled with respect to the covering portion and in which the sampling path is formed. 6. The wear state detection system according to claim 5, wherein the sampling port and the sampling path communicate with each other when the portion is turned at a predetermined angle with respect to the covering portion.

The wear state detection system according to claim 3, wherein a circulation path for the lubricating oil and circulation means for circulating the lubricating oil to the circulation path are provided in the machine housing portion.

The machine operating unit includes an inner hollow shaft having an inner structure that is disposed in the vertical direction in the machine housing portion and has an opening end that opens toward a bottom portion of the machine housing portion, and the circulation path includes the inner passage. The wear state detection system according to claim 7, wherein the wear state detection system communicates from the outside of the air shaft to the inside of the inner air shaft through the opening end.

The wear state detection system according to claim 8, wherein the exciting coil is provided in a piping part constituting the circulation path.

The wear state detection system according to claim 9, wherein the pipe portion is made of a material excluding a ferromagnetic material.