JP2010029399A - Noninvasive blood glucose level measuring method - Google Patents
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 210000004932 little finger Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010241 blood sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 238000004497 NIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002790 cross-validation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000624 ear auricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000613 ear canal Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003811 finger Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003454 tympanic membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【課題】 採血することなくヒトの血糖値を簡便に定時測定あるいは連続測定することが可能な血糖値非侵襲測定法を提供する。
【解決手段】 予め温度を一定にしたヒトの手の平に近赤外光を照射し、手の平の近赤外スペクトルを測定し、予め作成した検量モデルに適用する際に、スペクトルの測定部位を温度調整が比較的容易でかつ組織が比較的均一な小指球とし、またスペクトル測定に用いるインタラクタンス型の測定端子の光源側と検出側の距離を大きくすることによりスペクトルを測定する視野を拡大する。
【選択図】 図１
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a non-invasive blood glucose level measuring method capable of easily and regularly measuring blood glucose level of human without blood sampling.
SOLUTION: When a near-infrared light is irradiated to a human palm with a constant temperature in advance, the near-infrared spectrum of the palm is measured and applied to a calibration model prepared in advance, the temperature of the measurement site of the spectrum is adjusted. The field of view for measuring the spectrum is expanded by making the little finger ball relatively easy and the tissue relatively uniform, and by increasing the distance between the light source side and the detection side of the interaction type measurement terminal used for spectrum measurement.
[Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、近赤外分光法によりヒトの血糖値を非侵襲的に測定する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for noninvasively measuring a human blood glucose level by near infrared spectroscopy.
ヒトの血糖値の非侵襲測定法としては、特許文献１及び特許文献２に開示される方法がある。
特許文献１には、鼓膜の血管を対象として血中グルコースを測定する装置として、装置末端部に耳道に挿入される鏡を備え、この鏡内の光源が発生する近赤外光または赤外光を被試験成分（血中グルコース）に吸収させることで血中グルコース濃度を測定する内容が開示されている。
また特許文献２には、指、耳たぶなどに広範囲のスペクトルの光を照射し、透過若しくは反射した光をプリズムによって種々の成分に分離し、これら成分の光透過率および吸収率を算出し、血液中のグルコース、コレステロール、血液ガスなどの濃度を検出する内容が開示されている。
As methods for noninvasive measurement of human blood glucose levels, there are methods disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2.
In Patent Document 1, as a device for measuring blood glucose for the blood vessels of the tympanic membrane, a mirror inserted into the ear canal is provided at the end of the device, and near-infrared light or infrared light generated by a light source in the mirror is provided. The content of measuring blood glucose concentration by absorbing light into a component under test (blood glucose) is disclosed.
Patent Document 2 irradiates a finger, earlobe, etc. with a broad spectrum of light, separates the transmitted or reflected light into various components by a prism, calculates the light transmittance and absorption rate of these components, The contents for detecting the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, blood gas, etc. therein are disclosed.
また、先行論文としては、Maruoらの論文がある。この論文には、近赤外分光法を用い、インタラクタンス型の光ファイバーバンドル先端(光源側と検出器側の距離：０．６５ｍｍ)を前腕部に垂直にあて、１２００ｎｍ〜１９００ｎｍの長波長域のスペクトルを測定し、得られたスペクトルを予め作成した検量モデルに適用することにより非侵襲的に血糖値を求める方法が開示されている。 As a previous paper, there is a paper by Maruo et al. In this paper, near-infrared spectroscopy was used, and the tip of an interactance type optical fiber bundle (distance between the light source side and the detector side: 0.65 mm) was perpendicular to the forearm, and the long wavelength range of 1200 nm to 1900 nm A method for noninvasively obtaining a blood glucose level by measuring a spectrum and applying the obtained spectrum to a calibration model created in advance is disclosed.
近赤外分光法を用いて、非侵襲的にヒトの血糖値を測定する試みは特許文献１、特許文献２および非特許文献に開示されているが、測定精度が不十分である。比較的精度の高い丸尾らの方法においても、測定精度は誤差の標準偏差(ＳＥＰ)で２３．７ｍｇ／ｄＬであり、実用の精度には達していない。また、個人差による測定誤差が大きく実用化の障害となっている。 Attempts to non-invasively measure human blood glucose levels using near-infrared spectroscopy are disclosed in Patent Literature 1, Patent Literature 2, and Non-Patent Literature, but the measurement accuracy is insufficient. Even in the method of Maruo et al., Which has a relatively high accuracy, the measurement accuracy is 23.7 mg / dL in terms of standard deviation of error (SEP), and does not reach practical accuracy. In addition, the measurement error due to individual differences is a major obstacle to practical use.
本発明は、近赤外分光法によりヒトの血糖値を非侵襲的に測定する方法において、測定精度をより向上させ、個人差の影響を少なくするスペクトル測定方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a spectrum measurement method that improves the measurement accuracy and reduces the influence of individual differences in a method for noninvasively measuring a human blood glucose level by near infrared spectroscopy.
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明は、予め温度を一定にしたヒトの手の平に近赤外光を照射し、手の平の近赤外スペクトルを測定し、予め作成した検量モデルに適用することにより、採血することなくヒトの血糖値を求めることを特徴とする血糖値非侵襲測定法において、スペクトルの測定部位を温度調整が比較的容易でかつ組織が比較的均一な小指球とし、またスペクトル測定に用いるインタラクタンス方式の測定端子の光源側と検出側の距離を大きくすることによりスペクトルを測定する視野を拡大した。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention irradiates a human palm with a constant temperature in advance with near-infrared light, measures the near-infrared spectrum of the palm, and applies it to a calibration model created in advance. In a non-invasive blood glucose level measurement method characterized by obtaining a blood glucose level of a human without blood sampling, the spectrum measurement site is a little finger ball with relatively easy temperature adjustment and relatively uniform tissue. The field of view for measuring the spectrum was expanded by increasing the distance between the light source side and the detection side of the measurement terminal of the interaction type used in the measurement.
近赤外スペクトルは測定試料の温度の影響を強く受けるため、スペクトル測定前に試料温度を一定に調整することが重要である。手の平の場合、温度が一定になった伝導性の高い物質に接触させ、あるいは恒温水槽の水に漬けることによりその温度を比較的容易にしかも精度よく制御することが可能である。 Since the near-infrared spectrum is strongly influenced by the temperature of the measurement sample, it is important to adjust the sample temperature to be constant before the spectrum measurement. In the case of a palm, it is possible to control the temperature relatively easily and with high accuracy by bringing it into contact with a highly conductive substance having a constant temperature or by immersing it in the water of a constant temperature water bath.
ヒトの手などの生体組織は水分が多く光を通しにくいため、通常用いる長波長域（１１００〜２５００ｎｍ）の近赤外線を用いるとノイズが大きく測定誤差が生じやすい。そこで、通常用いる長波長域の１０〜１００倍の透過力を有する７００ｎｍ〜１１００ｎｍの短波長域の近赤外光を用いることが好ましい。短波長域の近赤外光を用いることにより、測定部位に接触する測定端子の光源部と検出部の距離を拡大することが可能になり、測定する視野を拡大することにより測定部位における測定端子の多少のズレによるスペクトルの乱れを軽減し、そのことによる測定誤差の低減が期待できる。 A living tissue such as a human hand has a lot of moisture and is difficult to transmit light. Therefore, using near-infrared light in a long wavelength region (1100 to 2500 nm) that is usually used tends to cause large noise and a measurement error. Therefore, it is preferable to use near-infrared light in a short wavelength region of 700 nm to 1100 nm having a transmission power 10 to 100 times as long as a normal long wavelength region. By using near-infrared light in the short wavelength range, it is possible to increase the distance between the light source part and the detection part of the measurement terminal that contacts the measurement part, and the measurement terminal at the measurement part by expanding the field of view to be measured Therefore, it is possible to reduce the disturbance of the spectrum due to the slight deviation of the measurement error and to reduce the measurement error.
本発明によれば、採血することなくヒトの血糖値を簡便に定時測定あるいは連続測定することが可能となる。合併症予防のために定時的に血糖値を測定する必要がある糖尿病患者は指先などを針で穿刺して採血しなければならず、精神的ストレスと苦痛を余儀なくされている。また、食品分野では、摂取後の血糖値の上昇程度を示すグリセミックインデックス(ＧＩ値)が健康管理の観点から注目されているが、前記ＧＩ値を求めるためには対象とする食品を実際に摂取し、摂取後の血糖値の変化を実測する必要があり、その測定は容易ではない。今回の発明によりこれらの問題は解決でき、その波及効果は大きい。 According to the present invention, it is possible to easily and regularly measure a blood glucose level of a human without collecting blood. Diabetic patients who need to regularly measure blood sugar levels to prevent complications must puncture their fingertips with a needle to collect blood, and are forced to suffer from mental stress and distress. In the food field, a glycemic index (GI value) indicating the degree of increase in blood glucose level after ingestion is attracting attention from the viewpoint of health management. In order to obtain the GI value, the target food is actually ingested. However, it is necessary to actually measure the change in blood glucose level after ingestion, and the measurement is not easy. These problems can be solved by the present invention, and the ripple effect is great.
以下に本発明実施の最良の形態を説明する。この検査方法は、(1)予め検量モデルを作成する過程と、(2)作成した検量モデルを用いてルーチン分析する過程とに大別される。前者は（ａ）スペクトルの測定、（ｂ）従来法による血糖値の測定、（ｃ）スペクトル解析による血糖値測定用検量モデルの作成から構成され、後者は （ｄ）スペクトルの測定、（ｅ）作成した検量モデルによる血糖値の算出から構成される。 The best mode of the present invention will be described below. This inspection method is roughly divided into (1) a process of creating a calibration model in advance and (2) a process of routine analysis using the created calibration model. The former consists of (a) spectrum measurement, (b) blood glucose level measurement by conventional method, (c) blood glucose level measurement calibration model creation by spectrum analysis, the latter (d) spectrum measurement, (e) It consists of the calculation of the blood glucose level using the created calibration model.
スペクトル測定（ａ）の過程では、温度を３１℃に一定にしたアルミニウム製ブロックに約３０秒間接触させることにより手の平の温度を一定にした後、研究用分散型近赤外装置に接続されたインタラクタンス型光ファイバープローブ３の先端を図１に示すように手の平１の小指球２に接触させてスペクトルを測定する。すなわち、分光した光が入射光用光ファイバーバンドル４を介して小指球２に照射され、小指球およびその周辺の生体組織で拡散反射された光は検出用光ファイバーバンドル５を介して検出器で検出される。 In the process of spectrum measurement (a), the temperature of the palm is made constant by bringing it into contact with an aluminum block whose temperature is kept constant at 31 ° C. for about 30 seconds, and then the interactive connected to the research-use dispersive near-infrared device. As shown in FIG. 1, the tip of the lance type optical fiber probe 3 is brought into contact with the little ball 2 of the palm 1 to measure the spectrum. That is, the split light is irradiated to the little finger ball 2 through the incident light optical fiber bundle 4, and the light diffusely reflected by the little finger ball and its surrounding biological tissue is detected by the detector through the detection optical fiber bundle 5. The
現場で利用する実用装置の開発の場合、回折格子が可動する研究用分散型近赤外装置に換えて回折格子が固定された簡易型のリニアアレイ型装置を用いることが可能である。
また、前記入射光用光ファイバーバンドル４に換えて光源ランプを内蔵した光源部の開口部を複数個配置してもよい。
In the case of development of a practical device for use in the field, it is possible to use a simple linear array type device in which the diffraction grating is fixed instead of the research-use dispersive near infrared device in which the diffraction grating is movable.
Further, in place of the incident light optical fiber bundle 4, a plurality of openings of a light source part incorporating a light source lamp may be arranged.
従来法による血糖値の測定（ｂ）の過程では、スペクトル測定後直ちに針を用いて指先に穿刺して採血、従来の測定装置(例えば、富士フイルムメデカル株式会社製、富士ドライケム３００Ｇ)により血糖値を測定する。スペクトル測定（ａ）および従来法による血糖値の測定（ｂ）の操作を血糖値の異なる条件下で必要な回数繰り返す。１人の被験者あるいは複数の被験者を用いることが可能である。 In the process of blood glucose level measurement (b) by the conventional method, blood is collected by puncturing the fingertip using a needle immediately after spectrum measurement, and blood glucose level by a conventional measuring device (for example, Fuji Dry Chem 300G, manufactured by Fuji Film Medal Co., Ltd.). Measure. The operations of spectrum measurement (a) and blood glucose level measurement (b) according to the conventional method are repeated as many times as necessary under different blood glucose levels. One subject or a plurality of subjects can be used.
スペクトル解析による血糖値測定用検量モデルの作成（ｃ）の過程では、前記小指球の光散乱状態の違いによるスペクトルの上下変動を除去するため、二次微分スペクトルを算出する。図２に前記小指球の二次微分スペクトルの例を示す。９７０ｎｍの近傍に観察される強い吸収は水によるものである。スペクトルの二次微分値と前記従来法による血糖値の測定（ｂ）で得られた血糖値を基にクロスバリデーション法によりＰＬＳ回帰を行い血糖値用の検量モデルを作成する。被験者が１人の場合の血糖値推定値の散布図および作成した血糖値用検量モデルの回帰係数のプロットを図３および図４に示す。クロスバリデーション時の誤差の標準偏差(ＳＥＣＶ)は１０．１ｍｇ／ｄＬであり、これまでの測定誤差の約１／２となった。前記回帰係数は次式により説明される。 In the process of creating a calibration model for blood sugar level measurement by spectral analysis (c), a secondary differential spectrum is calculated in order to remove the vertical fluctuation of the spectrum due to the difference in the light scattering state of the little finger ball. FIG. 2 shows an example of the second derivative spectrum of the little ball. The strong absorption observed near 970 nm is due to water. Based on the second derivative of the spectrum and the blood glucose level obtained by the blood glucose level measurement (b) by the conventional method, PLS regression is performed by the cross-validation method to create a calibration model for the blood glucose level. FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show a scatter diagram of blood sugar level estimation values and a plot of regression coefficients of the created blood sugar level calibration model when there is one test subject. The standard deviation (SECV) of error during cross-validation was 10.1 mg / dL, which was about ½ of the conventional measurement error. The regression coefficient is described by the following equation.
G = K0 + K1A700 + K2A702 + K3A704 +・・・+ KiAj +・・・+ KnAm (1)
ここで、
Gはグルコース含量(mg/dL)
Kiは波長 j nm における回帰係数
Ajは波長 j nm における吸光度、その一次微分値、又は二次微分値
G = K 0 + K 1 A 700 + K 2 A 702 + K 3 A 704 + ... + K i A j + ... + K n A m (1)
here,
G is glucose content (mg / dL)
K i is the regression coefficient at wavelength j nm
A j is the absorbance at wavelength j nm, its first derivative value, or second derivative value.
回帰係数のプロットは式(1)のKiの値を７００ｎｍ〜１１００ｎｍの波長域でプロッタした図で、Kiの値は各波長のAjに加わる荷重である。すなわち、図４に示されるピークはその波長の重要度を示している。図４の場合、重要度の高い波長の中に９２０ｎｍのグルコースの吸収バンド、９７８ｎｍの水の吸収バンドが含まれている。 Plot of the regression coefficients in the drawing that the plotter in a wavelength range of 700nm~1100nm the value K i of the equation (1), the value K i of is load applied to A j of each wavelength. That is, the peak shown in FIG. 4 indicates the importance of the wavelength. In the case of FIG. 4, a 920 nm glucose absorption band and a 978 nm water absorption band are included in wavelengths of high importance.
図５は被験者が多数の場合の血糖値推定値の散布図である。複数の被験者のスペクトルを基に、すなわち個人差のあるスペクトルを基にスペクトル解析を行っても被験者が１人の場合とほぼ同等の測定結果が得られ、ＳＥＣＶは１３．４ｍｇ／ｄＬであった。 FIG. 5 is a scatter diagram of blood sugar level estimation values when there are many subjects. Even if the spectrum analysis is performed based on the spectrum of a plurality of subjects, that is, on the basis of a spectrum having individual differences, a measurement result almost equivalent to the case of one subject is obtained, and the SECV is 13.4 mg / dL. .
前記作成した検量モデルを用いてルーチン分析する過程(2)では、前記スペクトル測定（ａ）と同様な方法により小指球のスペクトルが測定される。すなわち、手の平の温度を３１℃に調整し、インタラクタンス型光ファイバープローブ３の先端を図１のように手の平１の小指球２に接触させてスペクトルを測定する。得られたスペクトルを前記開発した検量モデルに適用し、血糖値が算出される。ルーチン分析ではこの操作が繰り返され、ヒト血糖値の非侵襲測定が可能となる。 In the process (2) of performing a routine analysis using the created calibration model, the spectrum of the little ball is measured by the same method as the spectrum measurement (a). That is, the temperature of the palm is adjusted to 31 ° C., and the tip of the interactance optical fiber probe 3 is brought into contact with the little finger 2 of the palm 1 as shown in FIG. 1, and the spectrum is measured. The obtained spectrum is applied to the developed calibration model, and the blood glucose level is calculated. In routine analysis, this operation is repeated, and non-invasive measurement of human blood glucose level becomes possible.
本発明による血糖値非侵襲測定法は、安価でかつ操作が簡単な簡易型装置を作ることにより、糖尿病患者の健康管理、および食品のＧＩ値の測定などに活用することを可能にする。 The blood glucose level non-invasive measurement method according to the present invention can be used for health management of a diabetic patient, measurement of a GI value of a food, and the like by making a simple device that is inexpensive and easy to operate.
１・・・手の平
２・・・小指球
３・・・インタラクタンス型光ファイバーのプローブ
４・・・入射光用光ファイバーバンドル
５・・・検出用光ファイバーバンドル
６・・・３のプローブ先端の断面
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Palm 2 ... Little finger 3 ... Interactance type optical fiber probe 4 ... Incident light optical fiber bundle 5 ... Detection optical fiber bundle 6 ... Section of probe tip of 3
Claims (6)
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| JP2008194240A JP2010029399A (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2008-07-29 | Noninvasive blood glucose level measuring method |
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| JP2008194240A JP2010029399A (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2008-07-29 | Noninvasive blood glucose level measuring method |
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| JP2010029399A true JP2010029399A (en) | 2010-02-12 |
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| JP2008194240A Pending JP2010029399A (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2008-07-29 | Noninvasive blood glucose level measuring method |
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| JP (1) | JP2010029399A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109934370A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-25 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of fish survival rate prediction method and device |
| WO2021210642A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | セルスペクト株式会社 | Hemoglobin concentration measuring system, transvaginal probe, attachment, and hemoglobin concentration measuring method |
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| JPH07503863A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1995-04-27 | キャデル、テオドール・イー | Non-invasive device and method for determining the concentration of various components of blood or tissue |
| JP2004500155A (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2004-01-08 | リオ グランデ メディカル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド | Method and apparatus for non-invasive blood sample measurement |
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| JP4020251B2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2007-12-12 | ルミディグム インコーポレイテッド | Apparatus and method for biometric identification or verification of an individual using lightwave spectroscopy |
| JP4054853B2 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2008-03-05 | 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Blood analysis using near infrared spectroscopy |
| JP2008134217A (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-06-12 | National Agriculture & Food Research Organization | Discrimination of bacterial infections of platelet preparations and platelet preparations using difference spectra |
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| JPH07503863A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1995-04-27 | キャデル、テオドール・イー | Non-invasive device and method for determining the concentration of various components of blood or tissue |
| JP2004500155A (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2004-01-08 | リオ グランデ メディカル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド | Method and apparatus for non-invasive blood sample measurement |
| JP4054853B2 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2008-03-05 | 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Blood analysis using near infrared spectroscopy |
| JP4020251B2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2007-12-12 | ルミディグム インコーポレイテッド | Apparatus and method for biometric identification or verification of an individual using lightwave spectroscopy |
| JP2004321368A (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2004-11-18 | Olympus Corp | Apparatus for measuring glucose concentration |
| JP2007532183A (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2007-11-15 | センシス メディカル インク | A compact instrument for non-invasive measurement of glucose by near infrared spectroscopy |
| JP2008134217A (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-06-12 | National Agriculture & Food Research Organization | Discrimination of bacterial infections of platelet preparations and platelet preparations using difference spectra |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109934370A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-25 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of fish survival rate prediction method and device |
| CN109934370B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2024-03-05 | 中国农业大学 | A method and device for predicting fish survival rate |
| WO2021210642A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | セルスペクト株式会社 | Hemoglobin concentration measuring system, transvaginal probe, attachment, and hemoglobin concentration measuring method |
| WO2021210111A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | セルスペクト株式会社 | Measurement method, measurement device, measurement program, determination device, determination device operating method, and determination program |
| JPWO2021210642A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | ||
| JP7102047B2 (en) | 2020-04-15 | 2022-07-19 | セルスペクト株式会社 | Hemoglobin concentration measurement system, transvaginal probe, attachment, and hemoglobin concentration measurement method |
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