JP2010021040A - Illuminating device, liquid crystal device, and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an illumination device for attaining a high luminance with a low power consumption and a liquid crystal device, and an electronic equipment. <P>SOLUTION: The illumination device 6 includes a light-emitting surface part 22 having a plurality of light sources 16 arranged and a plurality of end sides, and a plurality of sidewalls which are arranged along the plurality of end sides of the light-emitting surface part 22 and reflect light from the plurality of light sources 16. At least one of the sidewall out of the plurality of sidewalls includes at least two inclined faces with different subtended angles to the extension surface in which the light-emitting face of the light-emitting surface part 22 is extended to the outside of the sidewalls, and the subtended angles of the plurality of inclined faces is smaller on the near side to the light-emitting surface part 22 and larger on the far side from the light-emitting surface part 22. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a lighting device, a liquid crystal device, and an electronic apparatus.

  Conventionally, as a liquid crystal illumination device as a backlight for a liquid crystal device, a direct-type backlight system has been widely adopted from the standpoint of realizing a high-luminance illumination device, as shown in FIG. The liquid crystal display panel 4 includes a light 202 and a liquid crystal display panel 4, and the liquid crystal display panel 4 has an image display region D at a position facing the diffusion plate 18 of the backlight 202. The backlight 202 illuminates the display area D of the liquid crystal display panel 4. The backlight 202 includes the case 10, and the light sources 16 are distributed on the surface of the circuit board 14, and the light sources 16 are accommodated in the case 10. As the light source 16, for example, a light emitting source such as a light emitting diode (LED) element is used, but is not particularly limited. The circuit board 14 provides appropriate driving power to the light source 16. Further, in the backlight 202, the light source 16 is disposed on the circuit board 14 via the reflection plate 12, and the diffusion plate 18 is attached to the case 10 and diffuses light to the liquid crystal display panel 4.

  An illuminating device has been disclosed in which a reflecting plate is arranged inward as it goes from vertical to upward with respect to a conventional shape (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, an illumination device is disclosed in which the angle of inclination of the reflector plate is gradually close to horizontal toward the outside (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2005-203346 A JP 2006-351540 A

  However, the conventional liquid crystal device 200 cannot receive a sufficient amount of light L from the light source 16 in the peripheral area P of the diffusion plate 18 and the display area D of the liquid crystal display panel 4 shown in FIG. In the peripheral area P, the image display is darker than the other display areas. In the case where the liquid crystal device 200 is a color display system, the peripheral area P cannot receive sufficient light of each color from the light source 16 when the light source 16 emits light of different wavelengths. Color is produced.

  SUMMARY An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to solve at least a part of the problems described above, and the invention can be implemented as the following forms or application examples.

  Application Example 1 A light emitting surface portion in which a plurality of light sources are arranged and has a plurality of edges, a plurality of side walls that are arranged along the plurality of edges of the light emitting surface portions and reflect light from the light sources. And at least one of the plurality of side walls includes at least two inclined surfaces having different inclination angles that form an extended surface that extends the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion to the outside of the side wall, The illuminating device characterized in that the inclination angle of the inclined surface is smaller on the side closer to the light emitting surface portion and larger on the side farther from the light emitting surface portion.

  According to this, since the inclination angle of the side wall rises stepwise in the vertical direction, by having the side wall that rises from the middle at an angle close to the vertical, the light irradiation range can be used effectively, so that the brightness is increased. be able to. In addition, the number of light sources can be reduced by increasing the brightness, and the power consumption can be reduced. Furthermore, since the inclination angle becomes steeper as it goes to the upper surface, the frame can be narrowed so that the size of the frame can be reduced as compared with the prior art. Further, when the liquid crystal device is a color display system, the peripheral area can receive sufficient light of each color from the light source, so that the color reproducibility of the displayed image can be improved.

  Application Example 2 In the above illumination device, the side wall includes a plurality of inclined surfaces having three or more different inclination angles, and the inclination angles of the plurality of inclined surfaces are from a side closer to the light emitting surface portion. An illuminating device characterized by being gradually increased toward a far side.

  According to this, since the light irradiation range can be used effectively, a wide color gamut and high luminance can be achieved with low power consumption by reducing the number of light sources.

  Application Example 3 In the above-described illumination device, the illumination device is characterized in that the boundary connecting the inclined surfaces having the different inclination angles is connected by changing the inclination angle continuously.

  According to this, since the light irradiation range can be used more effectively, the wide color gamut and high luminance of color reproduction are remarkable with low power consumption by reducing the number of light sources.

  Application Example 4 In the above illumination device, the side wall is formed with a curved surface.

  According to this, since the light irradiation range can be effectively used, the wide color gamut and high luminance of color reproduction are particularly remarkable with low power consumption by reducing the number of light sources.

  Application Example 5 In the lighting device according to any one of the above, and a liquid crystal device in which a liquid crystal display panel is disposed on the light output side of the lighting device, an end of a display area of the liquid crystal display panel is the lighting device. Is disposed in a region overlapping with an inclined surface having the largest inclination angle in plan view from the light emitting surface portion side.

  According to this, since the light irradiation range of the illuminating device can be effectively used, a liquid crystal device capable of realizing a wide color gamut and high luminance with low power consumption by reducing the number of light sources can be realized. .

  Application Example 6 In the above-described illumination device and a liquid crystal device in which a liquid crystal display panel is disposed on the light output side of the illumination device, an end of a display area of the liquid crystal display panel is located on the light emitting surface side. A liquid crystal device, wherein the liquid crystal device is disposed in a region overlapping the region where the curved surface is formed in plan view.

  According to this, since the light irradiation range of the illuminating device can be effectively used, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal device in which the color reproduction has a wide color gamut and high luminance is particularly remarkable with low power consumption by reducing the number of light sources. it can.

  Application Example 7 An electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal device described above.

  According to this, by providing the liquid crystal device, it is possible to realize an electronic apparatus capable of color reproduction with a wide color gamut and high luminance while having low power consumption.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a backlight as a lighting device will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to in each embodiment, each layer and each member are displayed in different scales so that each layer and each member have a size that can be recognized on the drawing.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal device according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal device 2 in the present embodiment includes a liquid crystal display panel 4 for displaying an image and a backlight 6 for irradiating the liquid crystal display panel 4 with uniform light L.

  In the liquid crystal display panel 4, liquid crystal cells are arranged in an active matrix between upper and lower substrates, and a pixel electrode and a common electrode for applying an electric field to each of the liquid crystal cells are provided. Each of such pixel electrodes is connected to a thin film transistor (TFT) used as a switch element. The pixel electrode drives the liquid crystal cell together with the common electrode in accordance with a data signal supplied through the thin film transistor, and shows an image corresponding to the video signal. The liquid crystal display panel 4 includes a display area D for displaying an image.

  The backlight 6 includes a case 10, a reflector 12 that is mounted in the internal space of the case 10, a circuit board 14 that is mounted in the internal space of the case 10, and a plurality that is disposed on the circuit board 14 in the case 10. LED element (light source) 16, a diffusion plate 18 that shields the opening of the case 10 in which the LED element 16 and the reflection plate 12 are incorporated, and an optical sheet 20 that is laminated on the diffusion plate 18. The backlight 6 is a direct type backlight in which the LED element 16 directly irradiates the liquid crystal display panel 4. A liquid crystal display panel 4 is disposed on the light output side of the backlight 6.

  The case 10 is manufactured in the form of a container so that the reflector 12 and the LED element 16 are disposed therein. The edge of the case 10 and the edge of the diffusion plate 18 are fixed, and the reflector 12 is attached to the bottom surface of the case 10. The case 10 includes a reflection plate 12 inside the side wall, and reflects the light L emitted from the LED element 16.

  The reflector 12 reflects the light L from the LED element 16 toward the diffuser 18. The reflection plate 12 has a side wall that reflects the light L from the LED element 16. The side walls are erected in the vicinity of a plurality of edges of the light emitting surface portion 22 on the circuit board 14. The side wall includes a first inclined surface 24 and a second inclined surface 26. The side walls are symmetrically formed on both sides of the case 10 with a predetermined first inclination angle 28 and symmetrically on each of the first inclination surfaces 24 and predetermined second inclination angles. A second inclined surface 26 raised at 30 is included.

  The 1st inclined surface 24 is formed in the edge part by the side of the light emission surface part 22 of a side wall. The first inclined surface 24 has a first inclined angle 28 that is smaller than 90 degrees with respect to an extended surface obtained by extending the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion 22 to the outside of the side wall. The second inclined surface 26 is formed on the side opposite to the end portion on the light emitting surface 22 side of the side wall with respect to the first inclined surface 24. The second inclined surface 26 has a second inclination angle 30 having a larger inclination angle than the first inclined surface 24.

  The first inclined surface 24 is inclined at a first inclination angle 28 with respect to an extended surface (or the bottom surface of the case 10) obtained by extending the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion 22 to the outside of the side wall, and the second inclined surface 26 is The light emitting surface 22 extends from the first inclined surface 24 at a second inclination angle 30 that is larger than the first inclination angle 28 with respect to an extended surface (or the bottom surface of the case 10) that extends outside the side wall. The end is located in the vicinity of one end of the diffusion plate 18. It is desirable that the boundary between the first inclined surface 24 and the second inclined surface 26 having different inclination angles is continuously connected by changing the angle, and more preferably a curved surface.

  The end of the display area D of the liquid crystal display panel 4 is disposed in an area 32 that overlaps the second inclined surface 26 (an inclined surface having the largest inclination angle) when the backlight 6 is viewed in plan from the light emitting surface 22 side. . Thereby, since the irradiation range of the light L of the backlight 6 can be used effectively, a liquid crystal device capable of wide color gamut and high luminance with low power consumption by reducing the number of LED elements 16 can be realized. Can do.

  In the reflecting plate 12, the slopes and heights of the first and second inclined surfaces 24, 26 are set so that the light L from the LED element 16 is sufficiently mixed within the side wall and proceeds to the diffusion plate 18 side. It is configured to be optimized. Such a reflector 12 is formed of light aluminum or plastic material having high reflectivity.

  The circuit board 14 includes a circuit necessary for providing driving power to the LED element 16. The circuit board 14 has a plurality of LED elements 16 arranged therein and a plurality of end sides. The circuit board 14 constitutes the light emitting surface portion 22.

  As the LED element 16, for example, only a single color LED such as a white light emitting LED may be used. When a white light emitting LED is used together with a color filter, a color display can be obtained. The LED element 16 may include a blue light emitting LED that generates blue light, a green light emitting LED that generates green light, and a red light emitting LED that generates red light. The light of different wavelengths emitted from the LED element 16 can be integrated to obtain a wide range of color displays on the liquid crystal display panel 4.

  Each of such LED elements 16 is a material suitable for a light-emitting diode as one that generates fractional carriers (electrons or positive holes) using a semiconductor pn junction structure and emits light by recombination thereof. , Gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium phosphide (GaP), and gallium-arsenic-phosphorus (GaAsP) that have a light emission wavelength in the visible or near infrared region, have high light emission efficiency, and can be manufactured with a pn junction. ), Gallium-aluminum-arsenic (GaAlAs), indium phosphide (InP), indium-gallium-phosphorus (InGaP), and the like.

  The diffusion plate 18 diffuses the light L from the reflection plate 12 and increases the uniformity of the light L over the entire display surface of the liquid crystal display panel 4. The diffusion plate 18 guides the light L emitted from the LED element 16 to the liquid crystal display panel 4 and is joined to the case 10.

  The optical sheet 20 includes at least one diffusion sheet for diffusing the light L, and at least one prism sheet for rising the path of the light L substantially perpendicular to the display surface of the liquid crystal display panel 4. You may go out.

Next, the arrangement of the LED elements 16 on the circuit board 14 will be described.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the arrangement of LED elements on the circuit board according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 shows the LED element 16 including light emitting LEDs of red (R), green (G) and blue (B), but the LED element 16 includes red (R), green (G ) And blue (B), any type of light source that emits light of a desired color may be included. In addition, as long as the light L with which the LED element 16 is irradiated is suitable for the circuit board 14, each light source may be arranged in what kind of form. For example, the LED element 16 can employ an arrangement such as a delta arrangement.

  Next, the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display panel 4 will be described. The processes of the liquid crystal display panel 4 are divided into a substrate cleaning process, a substrate patterning process, an alignment film formation / rubbing process, a substrate bonding / liquid crystal injection process, a mounting process, an inspection process, a repair process, and the like.

  In the substrate cleaning process, dirty foreign substances on the surface of the substrate are removed with a cleaning liquid.

  The substrate patterning process is divided into patterning of the upper substrate (color filter substrate) of the liquid crystal display panel and patterning of the lower substrate (TFT-array substrate). A color filter, a common electrode, a black matrix, and the like are formed on the upper substrate. A signal wiring such as a data line and a gate line is formed on the lower substrate, a TFT is formed at an intersection of the data line and the gate line, and a pixel between the data line and the gate line connected to the source electrode of the TFT. A pixel electrode is formed in the region.

  In the alignment film formation / rubbing step, an alignment film is applied to each of the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and the alignment film is rubbed on a rubbing cloth or the like.

  In the substrate bonding / liquid crystal injection step, the upper substrate and the lower substrate are bonded using a sealant, the liquid crystal and the spacer are injected through the liquid crystal injection port, and then the liquid crystal injection port is sealed. Done.

  In the mounting process of the liquid crystal display panel 4, a tape carrier package (TCP) on which an integrated circuit such as a gate drive integrated circuit and a data drive integrated circuit is mounted is connected to a pad portion on the substrate. Such a drive integrated circuit can be directly mounted on a substrate by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or the like in addition to the above-described TAB (Tape Automated Bonding) method using TCP.

  The inspection process includes an electrical inspection performed after various signal lines and pixel electrodes are formed on the lower substrate, and an electrical inspection and a visual inspection performed after the substrate bonding / liquid crystal injection step.

  In the repair process, the substrate that has been determined to be repairable by the inspection process is restored. A module in which a backlight unit, a printed circuit board (PCB), and a case / cache member are assembled together with the liquid crystal display panel 4 completed through such a process is called a liquid crystal display module.

  According to the present embodiment, the side wall includes the first inclined surface 24 and the second inclined surface 26, and the first inclined surface 24 is formed at the end of the side wall on the light emitting surface portion 22 side, and the light emitting surface portion 22. The first inclined angle 28 is smaller than 90 degrees, and the second inclined surface 26 has a light emitting surface portion on the side wall more than the first inclined surface 24. By forming the second inclination angle 30 that is formed on the side opposite to the end portion on the 22 side and has a larger inclination angle than the first inclined surface 24, the inclination angle of the side wall rises stepwise in the vertical direction. By having the reflecting plate 12 rising at an angle close to vertical from the middle, a sufficient amount of light L is received from the LED element 16 in the peripheral region P between the diffusion plate 18 and the display region D of the liquid crystal display panel 4. Therefore, high brightness can be achieved.

  In addition, the quantity of the LED elements 16 can be reduced by increasing the brightness, and the power consumption can be reduced.

  Further, since the inclination angle becomes steeper as it goes to the upper surface, the frame can be narrowed so that the size of the frame 34 can be reduced as compared with the prior art.

  When the liquid crystal device 2 is a color display system, sufficient light L of each color can be received from the LED element 16 in the peripheral region P of the diffusion plate 18, so that the color reproducibility of the displayed image can be improved. it can.

[Second Embodiment]
1st Embodiment mentioned above employ | adopted the backlight provided with the side wall which has two inclined surfaces. On the other hand, in this embodiment, it differs in the point which employ | adopts the backlight provided with the side wall which has three inclined surfaces. Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the same configuration as in the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified.

  FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a backlight according to this embodiment. The sidewall of the backlight 35 in the present embodiment includes a first inclined surface 36, a second inclined surface 38, and a third inclined surface 40, as shown in FIG. The side walls are symmetrically formed on both sides of the case 10 with a predetermined first inclination angle 42 at a predetermined first inclination angle 42, and each of the first inclination surfaces 36 has a predetermined second inclination angle symmetrically. The second inclined surface 38 standing at 44 and the third inclined surface 40 standing at a predetermined third inclination angle 46 symmetrically with each of the second inclined surfaces 38 are included.

  The 1st inclined surface 36 is formed in the edge part by the side of the light emission surface part 22 of a side wall. The first inclined surface 36 has a first inclined angle 42 that is smaller than 90 degrees with respect to an extended surface obtained by extending the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion 22 to the outside of the side wall.

  The second inclined surface 38 is formed on the side opposite to the end portion on the light emitting surface 22 side of the side wall with respect to the first inclined surface 36. The second inclined surface 38 has a second inclination angle 44 having a larger inclination angle than the first inclined surface 36.

  The third inclined surface 40 is formed on the side opposite to the end portion on the light emitting surface 22 side of the side wall with respect to the second inclined surface 38. The third inclined surface 40 has a third inclination angle 46 having a larger inclination angle than the second inclined surface 38.

  The first inclined surface 36 is inclined at a first inclination angle 42 with respect to an extended surface obtained by extending the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion 22 to the outside of the side wall, and the second inclined surface 38 is a light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion 22. The third inclined surface 40 is extended from the first inclined surface 36 at a second inclination angle 44 that is larger than the first inclination angle 42 with respect to the extended surface extending outside the side wall, and the third inclined surface 40 is the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion 22. Is extended from the second inclined surface 38 at a third inclination angle 46 that is larger than the second inclination angle 44 with respect to the extended surface extending outside the side wall, and the end is in the vicinity of the end on one side of the diffusion plate 18. positioned.

  According to the present embodiment, since the light irradiation range of the backlight 6 can be effectively used, a liquid crystal device capable of wide color gamut and high luminance with low power consumption by reducing the number of LED elements 16 can be obtained. Can be realized.

[Third Embodiment]
1st Embodiment mentioned above employ | adopted the backlight provided with the side wall which has two inclined surfaces. On the other hand, in this embodiment, it differs in the point which employ | adopts the backlight provided with the side wall which has a curved surface. Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the same configuration as in the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified.

  FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating the backlight according to the present embodiment. The side wall of the backlight 41 in the present embodiment is formed as a curved surface 48 instead of being inclined at an angle, as shown in FIG. The side wall can be configured to optimize the light intensity in the entire display region D using various shapes. The inclination angle in the curved surface 48 as in the present embodiment is an angle formed between the tangent to the curved surface 48 and an extended surface obtained by extending the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion 22 to the outside of the side wall. Also in this case, the inclination angle is set so as to increase from the side closer to the light emitting surface portion 22 to the side farther from the light emitting surface portion 22. For example, in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3B, the first inclination angle 50 of the curved surface 48 is an angle formed by the tangent line 51 at the point A of the curved surface 48 and the extended surface obtained by extending the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface 22 to the outside of the side wall. It is. The second inclination angle 52 of the curved surface 48 is an angle between the tangent line 53 at the point B on the curved surface 48 and an extended surface obtained by extending the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion 22 to the outside of the side wall. As for the inclination angle, the second inclination angle 52 on the side farther from the light emitting surface portion 22 is larger than the first inclination angle 50 on the side closer to the light emitting surface portion 22.

  In the present embodiment, the end of the display area D of the liquid crystal display panel 4 is disposed in an area where a curved surface 48 is formed when the backlight 41 is viewed from the light emitting surface 22 side. Thereby, since the light irradiation range of the backlight 6 can be effectively used, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal device capable of wide color gamut and high luminance with low power consumption by reducing the number of LED elements 16. it can.

[Electronics]
Next, an example of an electronic device including the liquid crystal device 2 described above will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a mobile phone to which the liquid crystal device according to the present embodiment is applied. In FIG. 4, a mobile phone 100 includes a liquid crystal device 104 having a configuration similar to that of the liquid crystal device 2 described above, together with a plurality of operation buttons 102.

  Since these electronic apparatuses also include the same configuration as that of the liquid crystal device 2 described above, the various effects described above can be suitably enjoyed. By providing the liquid crystal device 2, it is possible to realize an electronic device capable of color reproduction with a wide color gamut and high luminance while having low power consumption.

  The liquid crystal device 2 described above can be applied to various electronic devices other than the mobile phone. For example, LCD projectors, multimedia-compatible personal computers (PCs) and engineering workstations (EWS), pagers, word processors, TVs, viewfinder type or monitor direct view type video tape recorders, electronic notebooks, electronic desk calculators, car navigation systems The present invention can be applied to electronic devices such as a device, a POS terminal, and a device provided with a touch panel.

1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal device according to a first embodiment. The figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the light source of the circuit board which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows the backlight which concerns on 2nd and 3rd embodiment. 1 is a perspective view showing a mobile phone to which a liquid crystal device according to an embodiment is applied. Schematic which shows the conventional liquid crystal device.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 ... Liquid crystal device 4 ... Liquid crystal display panel 6 ... Backlight (illuminating device) 10 ... Case 12 ... Reflection board 14 ... Circuit board 16 ... LED element (light source) 18 ... Diffuser 20 ... Optical sheet 22 ... Light emission surface part 24 ... 1st DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 inclined surface 26 ... 2nd inclined surface 28 ... 1st inclined angle 30 ... 2nd inclined angle 32 ... Area | region 34 ... Frame 35 ... Backlight 36 ... 1st inclined surface 38 ... 2nd inclined surface 40 3rd inclined surface 41 ... Backlight 42 ... 1st inclination angle 44 ... 2nd inclination angle 46 ... 3rd inclination angle 48 ... Curved surface 50 ... 1st inclination angle 51 ... Tangent line 52 ... 2nd inclination Corner 53 ... Tangent line 100 ... Mobile phone 102 ... Operation button 104 ... Liquid crystal device.

Claims (7)

A light emitting surface portion having a plurality of light sources and a plurality of edges;
A plurality of side walls disposed along the plurality of edges of the light emitting surface portion and reflecting light from the plurality of light sources;
Have
At least one of the plurality of side walls includes at least two inclined surfaces having different inclination angles that form an extended surface extending the light emitting surface of the light emitting surface portion to the outside of the side wall,
The illuminating device characterized in that the inclination angles of the plurality of inclined surfaces are smaller on the side closer to the light emitting surface portion and larger on the side farther from the light emitting surface portion. The lighting device according to claim 1.
The side wall has a plurality of inclined surfaces having three or more different inclination angles, and the inclination angles of the plurality of inclined surfaces increase sequentially from a side closer to the light emitting surface portion to a side farther from the light emitting surface portion. apparatus. The lighting device according to claim 1 or 2,
The boundary connecting the inclined surfaces having the different inclination angles is connected by changing the inclination angle continuously. The lighting device according to claim 1 or 2,
The lighting device, wherein the side wall is formed of a curved surface. In the illuminating device as described in any one of Claims 1-3, and the liquid crystal device which has arrange | positioned the liquid crystal display panel in the light output side of this illuminating device,
An end portion of a display area of the liquid crystal display panel is disposed in an area overlapping with an inclined surface having the largest inclination angle when the illumination device is viewed in plan from the light emitting surface side. In the illuminating device of Claim 4, and the liquid crystal device which has arrange | positioned the liquid crystal display panel in the light emission side of this illuminating device,
An end portion of a display area of the liquid crystal display panel is disposed in an area overlapping the area where the curved surface is formed when the illumination device is viewed in plan from the light emitting surface side.   An electronic apparatus comprising the liquid crystal device according to claim 5.

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