JP2010004597A - Motor with brush - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a motor with a brush which can easily perform winding operation, even if a motor output becomes large while prolonging the lifetime of the brush, and which can increase the output, can be reduced in size, and can vary the rotational speed, even if a coil is wound in a concentrated winding manner. <P>SOLUTION: In the motor with brush, there are formed two closed circuits H1, H2 by connecting respective first coils 33U to 33Y and second coils 34U to 34Y which are wound to the same tooth groups 46 (47) to the same segment groups 41 (42), and each of the closed circuits H1, H2 is set at a segment 14 at which the segment 14 connected with winding-starting ends 61 of the first coils 33U to 33Y and the segment 14 connected with the winding-starting ends 61 of the second coils 34U to 34Y are independent from each other, and mutually become equipotential. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a brush motor mounted on a vehicle or the like.

  In general, a DC motor with a brush often has a configuration in which an armature around which an armature coil is wound is rotatably arranged inside a cylindrical yoke having a permanent magnet attached to an inner peripheral surface thereof. The armature has an armature core that is externally fixed to the rotating shaft. A plurality of long teeth in the axial direction are formed on the armature core, and a long slot is formed in the axial direction between the teeth. Each tooth is wound with a winding through a slot to form a plurality of coils.

  Each coil is electrically connected to each segment attached to the rotating shaft. Each segment can be slidably contacted with a pair of brushes, and a direct current is supplied to the coil through these brushes. Then, the rotating shaft is rotated by a magnetic attractive force or repulsive force generated between the magnetic field formed in the armature core and the permanent magnet. This rotation sequentially changes the segments in sliding contact with the brush and switches the direction of the current flowing in the coil, so-called rectification is performed, and the armature core continuously rotates.

  In this type of DC motor, the brush repeatedly contacts and separates from the segment as the armature rotates. For this reason, when the voltage between the segments is large, when the brush is separated from the segment, the electromagnetic energy stored in the coil is released, so that discharge may occur between the brush and the segment. When electric discharge occurs between the brush and the segment, the brush and the segment may be subjected to electric discharge wear, which may cause poor electrical contact between the brush and the segment, and may shorten the life of the brush.

Here, the coil wound around each tooth is often configured in a three-phase (U-phase, V-phase, W-phase) concentrated winding method, but the coil has five phases (U-phase, V-phase, W-phase). (Phase, X phase, Y phase), and a technique for reducing the voltage between segments compared to the three-phase concentrated winding method has been proposed. Thus, the life of a brush is extended by reducing the voltage between segments (for example, refer patent document 1).
JP 2008-136343 A

However, in the above-described prior art, the number of parallel circuits formed in the motor is two or four, so that when the motor output is increased, the wire diameter of the winding becomes thicker. For this reason, not only does it become difficult to wind the winding around each tooth, but there is a problem that the motor becomes large.
Further, in order to vary the rotation speed with a DC motor as in the above-described prior art, for example, even if the number of brushes to be energized is changed by changing the number of brushes from two to four, the number of effective conductors of the coil Since the energization current does not change, there is a problem that it is difficult to vary the rotation speed.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and can perform winding work easily even if the motor output increases while extending the life of the brush, and can achieve high output and downsizing. The present invention provides a motor with a brush that can achieve the above.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a motor with a brush that can vary the rotation speed even when the coil is wound by a concentrated winding method.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the invention described in claim 1 includes a yoke having an eight-pole magnetic pole, a rotary shaft rotatably provided inside the yoke, and a radial direction attached to the rotary shaft. An armature core having 10 teeth extending radially and having windings wound in a concentrated winding manner, 10 slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction, and the rotating shaft A commutator provided adjacent to the armature core and having 20 segments arranged in the circumferential direction, and four brushes for slidingly contacting the segments and supplying power, and the four brushes are arranged on the anode side. The brushes are composed of two sets of brushes and cathode side brushes, and the brushes on the same polarity side are arranged opposite to each other with the rotation axis as the center, and the brushes on the opposite pole side are in electrical angle. The teeth are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of 80 °, and each tooth includes two coils of a first coil and a second coil formed by winding the windings in the same direction, and the segments are Consists of two segment groups each having 10 points that are point-symmetric with respect to the rotation axis, the segments having the same potential in each segment group are short-circuited by a short-circuit member, and the teeth are connected to the rotation axis. It is composed of two groups of five teeth that are located symmetrically with respect to each other at the center, and the first coil and the second coil wound around the same group of teeth are connected to the same group of segments. When one closed circuit is formed in each of the two tooth groups and each tooth is assigned in the order of U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, and Y phase, between adjacent segments of each closed circuit. Is , A motor with a brush to which the first coil or the second coil is connected in the order of U phase, X phase, V phase, Y phase, W phase in the circumferential direction, The first winding start segment to which the winding start end of the first coil is connected and the second winding start segment to which the winding start end of the second coil is connected are separate and have the same potential. A first winding end segment to which the winding end of the first coil is connected and a second winding end segment to which the winding end of the second coil is connected, and The first winding start segment and the first winding end segment are arranged adjacent to each other, and the second winding start segment and the second winding End segment is characterized by being adjacent to each other.

By configuring in this way, the number of parallel circuits can be set to 8 while the coil is structured by a 5-phase (U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, Y phase) concentrated winding method. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the wire diameter of the winding as the number of parallel circuits is increased as compared with the prior art.
In addition, even if the windings are wound around the teeth by a concentrated winding method, closed circuits are formed at positions that are point-symmetric about the rotation axis, and the brushes on the same pole side are centered on the rotation axis. Thus, one set of the anode side brush and the cathode side brush can be arranged in each of the two closed circuits. For this reason, the number of coils through which a current flows can be changed during energization of 4 brushes, during energization of 3 brushes, and during energization of 2 brushes, and the magnitude of torque can be changed.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a yoke having eight magnetic poles, a rotary shaft rotatably provided inside the yoke, a radial shaft attached to the rotary shaft and extending radially. An armature core having 10 teeth wound by the concentrated winding method, 10 slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction, and provided on the rotating shaft adjacent to the armature core 20 segments are arranged in a circumferential direction, and four brushes are provided in sliding contact with the segments to supply power. The four brushes are a combination of an anode brush and a cathode brush. The brushes on the same polarity side are arranged opposite to each other with the rotation axis as the center, and the brushes on the opposite polarity side are spaced apart by an electrical angle of 180 ° in the circumferential direction. Each tooth includes two coils, a first coil and a second coil formed by winding the windings in the same direction, and the segments are pointed to each other around the rotation axis. Composed of two segment groups of 10 each existing in a symmetrical position, short-circuiting the segments having the same potential in each segment group with a short-circuit member, and connecting the first coil to one of the segment groups, The second coil is connected to the other segment group to form a closed circuit for each of the two segment groups, and the teeth are arranged in the order of U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, Y phase, respectively. When assigned, the first coil or the second coil is connected between adjacent segments of each closed circuit in the circumferential direction in the order of U phase, X phase, V phase, Y phase, W phase. A brushed motor Each closed circuit has a first winding start segment to which the winding start end of the first coil is connected and a second winding start segment to which the winding start end of the second coil is connected. And the first winding end segment connected to the winding end of the first coil and the second winding end connected to the winding end of the second coil. The first winding start segment and the first winding end segment are arranged adjacent to each other, and the second winding start segment and the first winding segment The two winding end segments are arranged adjacent to each other.

With this configuration, the wire diameter of the winding can be reduced by the amount that the number of parallel circuits is increased as compared with the conventional circuit.
Further, it is possible to prevent the balance of the energized coils from being deteriorated even when the number of coils through which a current flows is changed at the time of energizing four brushes, at the time of energizing three brushes, and at the time of energizing two brushes. That is, by changing the energization pattern of the brush, even when only one of the two closed circuits is energized, the coil of the energized phase is not biased to one, Current is supplied to coils in the same phase that exist in point-symmetric positions with respect to the rotation axis.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the number of parallel circuits can be set to 8 while the coil is structured with a 5-phase (U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, Y phase) concentrated winding method. . For this reason, it is possible to reduce the wire diameter of the winding as the number of parallel circuits is increased as compared with the prior art.
Here, if the wire diameter of the winding is simply reduced with the conventional number of parallel circuits, the resistance value of the winding increases, and it becomes difficult for current to flow through the winding. For this reason, in order to increase the motor output, the motor itself increases in size. However, since the resistance value of the entire coil can be reduced by increasing the number of parallel circuits, the wire diameter of the winding can be reduced accordingly, and the winding work can be easily performed. Further, the motor output can be increased without increasing the size of the motor itself.

  In addition, even if the windings are wound around the teeth by a concentrated winding method, closed circuits are formed at positions that are point-symmetric about the rotation axis, and the brushes on the same pole side are centered on the rotation axis. Thus, one set of the anode side brush and the cathode side brush can be arranged in each of the two closed circuits. For this reason, the number of coils through which a current flows can be changed during energization of 4 brushes, during energization of 3 brushes, and during energization of 2 brushes, and the magnitude of torque can be changed. Therefore, even when the coil is wound by the concentrated winding method, the rotation speed can be switched by changing the energization patterns of the four brushes.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the wire diameter of the winding can be reduced by the amount that the number of parallel circuits is increased as compared with the prior art. For this reason, the winding work can be easily performed, and the motor output can be increased without increasing the size of the motor itself.
Further, it is possible to prevent the balance of the energized coils from being deteriorated even when the number of coils through which a current flows is changed at the time of energizing four brushes, at the time of energizing three brushes, and at the time of energizing two brushes. That is, by changing the energization pattern of the brush, even when only one of the two closed circuits is energized, the coil of the energized phase is not biased to one, Current is supplied to coils in the same phase that exist in point-symmetric positions with respect to the rotation axis. For this reason, when the rotational speed is varied, it is possible to reduce the armature swing due to the energizing coil, and to reduce the circulating current caused by the difference in the electromagnetic balance and the resistance difference between the phases facing the rotation axis. It becomes possible.

Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, a motor 1 with a brush is a direct current motor mounted on a vehicle used for, for example, a power window motor, a wiper motor, and a fan motor of an automobile, and has an armature in a bottomed cylindrical yoke 2. 3 is rotatably arranged. Eight segment-type permanent magnets 4 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 2 in the circumferential direction while changing the magnetic poles in order.

  The armature 3 includes an armature core 6 fixed to the rotating shaft 5, an armature coil 7 wound around the armature core 6, and a commutator 13 disposed on one end side of the armature core 6. The armature core 6 is obtained by laminating a plurality of ring-shaped metal plates 8 in the axial direction. Ten teeth 9 having a substantially T-shape in a plan view in the axial direction are radially formed on the outer peripheral portion of the metal plate 8. To each tooth 9, five phases of U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, and Y phase are assigned in this order in the circumferential direction.

  By fitting a plurality of metal plates 8 to the rotating shaft 5, dovetail-shaped slots 11 are formed between adjacent teeth 9 on the outer periphery of the armature core 6. Twelve slots 11 extend along the axial direction and are formed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. An enamel-wrapped winding 12 is wound between the slots 11, whereby a plurality of armature coils 7 are formed on the outer periphery of the armature core 6.

  The commutator 13 is externally fitted and fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 5. Twenty segments 14 made of a conductive material are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 13. The segments 14 are made of plate-shaped metal pieces that are long in the axial direction, and are fixed in parallel at equal intervals along the circumferential direction in a state of being insulated from each other.

  A riser 15 is integrally formed at an end portion of each segment 14 on the armature core 6 side and is bent in a manner of being folded back to the outer diameter side. The riser 15 is wound around a winding start end 61 and a winding end end 62 (described in detail in FIG. 3 described later) of the winding 12 forming the armature coil 7. The winding start end 61 and the winding end end 62 are fixed to the riser 15 by fusing. Thereby, the segment 14 and the armature coil 7 corresponding to this are electrically connected. In addition, connecting lines 25a and 25b, which will be described later, are hung around the segments 14 having the same potential and fixed by fusing, and the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited.

The other end side of the rotating shaft 5 is rotatably supported by a bearing 16 in a boss protruding from the yoke 2. On the other hand, a cover 17 is provided at the open end of the yoke 2, and a holder stay 18 is attached to the inside of the cover 17. The holder stay 18 is provided with four brush holders 19 along the circumferential direction.
Each brush holder 19 is provided with a brush 21 that can be moved in and out in a state where the brush 21 is urged through a spring 29. The tip portions of these brushes 21 are urged by springs 29 so as to be in sliding contact with the commutator 13, and power from the outside is supplied to the commutator 13 via the brushes 21.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the brush 21 includes four brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, and 52b including two sets of anode-side brushes 51a and 52a and cathode-side brushes 51b and 52b. The anode-side brushes 51a and 52a and the cathode-side brushes 51b and 52b are opposed to each other around the rotation shaft 5, and the anode-side brushes 51a and 52a and the cathode-side brushes 51b and 52b are in the circumferential direction. Are arranged at 45 ° intervals. That is, the brushes on the same polarity side are arranged at a mechanical angle of 180 °, and the brushes on the opposite polarity side are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 °. The arrangement of the anode side brushes 51a and 52a and the cathode side brushes 51b and 52b may be opposite to each other.

  As described above, the permanent magnet 4 has eight magnetic poles, that is, eight magnetic poles, ten slots 11, ten segments 14, and five motors with 8 poles, 10 slots, and 20 segments. A winding 12 is wound around the armature 3 as described below to form an armature coil 7.

  FIG. 3 is a developed view of the segment 14 (riser 15) and the teeth 9 of the armature 3, and the gap between the adjacent teeth 9 corresponds to the slot 11. In the following drawings, each segment 14, each tooth 9, and the wound winding 12 are respectively given reference numerals, and U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase are assigned to each tooth 9 in this order. To do. That is, No. 1 and No. 6 teeth are U phase, No. 2 and No. 7 teeth are V phase, No. 3 and No. 8 teeth are W phase, No. 4 and No. 9 teeth are X phase, No. 5, 10 Number 9 is in the Y phase.

  Here, the segment 14 is composed of two segment groups 41 and 42, which are a first segment group 41 and a second segment group 42 that exist at point-symmetric positions with respect to the rotation axis 5, and each segment group 41, 42 is connected to connection lines 25a and 25b for short-circuiting the segments 14 having the same potential. That is, the first segment group 41 is composed of the ten segments 14 from the first segment 14 to the tenth segment 14, and the ten segments 14 from the eleventh segment 14 to the twentieth segment 14 are configured. A second segment group 42 is configured.

  And every four segments 14 (for example, the 1st segment 14 and the 6th segment 14) which become the same electric potential among the 1st segment groups 41 are short-circuited by the connection line 25a, and the 2nd segment group 42 Among them, every fifth segment 14 (for example, the 11th segment 14 and the 16th segment 14) having the same potential is short-circuited by the connection line 25b.

  The teeth 9 also correspond to the adjacent segment groups 41 and 42, and the two teeth groups 46, which are the first teeth group 46 and the second teeth group 47, which exist at point symmetry positions around the rotation axis 5. , 47. That is, the first teeth group 46 is composed of the five teeth 9 from the first tooth 9 to the fifth tooth 9, and the five teeth 9 from the sixth tooth 9 to the tenth tooth 9 are included. The 2nd teeth group 47 is comprised.

  The segment groups 41 and 42 and the teeth groups 46 and 47 are paired to form two closed circuits. That is, the first segment group 41 and the first tooth group 46 constitute a first closed circuit H1, and the windings 12 wound around the teeth 9 of the first tooth group 46 are all in the first segment group 41. Are connected to each segment 14. On the other hand, the second segment group 42 and the second tooth group 47 constitute a second closed circuit H2, and the windings 12 wound around the teeth 9 of the second tooth group 47 are all in the second segment group 42. Are connected to each segment 14.

In more detail, the winding method of the coil | winding 12 is demonstrated.
First, in the first closed circuit H1, when the winding start end 61 starts to be wound from the first segment 14, the winding 12 is first wound around the riser 15 of the first segment 14, and then the winding 12 Is drawn into the slot 11 between the 1-10th teeth 9 existing in the vicinity of the 1st segment 14. When each of the teeth 9 is wound n times (n is a natural number of 1 or more), the first teeth 9 are wound n / 2 times in the forward direction (clockwise direction in FIG. 3). Disguise.
Subsequently, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11 between the first and second teeth 9 and is wound around the riser 15 of the second segment 14 adjacent to the first segment 14. Then, the winding end 62 is connected to the second segment 14. As a result, a U-phase first coil 33 </ b> U wound around the first tooth 9 in the forward direction is formed between the first and second segments 14 and 14.

On the other hand, the winding 12 that is short-circuited by the first segment 14 and the connection line 25 and is wound around the riser 15 of the sixth segment 14 that has the same potential as the first segment 14 is connected between the first to ninth teeth 9. Pull into slot 11. The first tooth 9 is wound n / 2 times in the forward direction.
Subsequently, the winding 12 is pulled out from the slot 11 between the first and second teeth 9, is adjacent to the sixth segment 14, and is short-circuited by the second segment 14 and the connection line 25, and the riser of the seventh segment 14. Multiplied by 15. Then, the winding end 62 is connected to the seventh segment 14. As a result, a U-phase second coil 34 </ b> U wound around the first tooth 9 in the forward direction is formed between the 6th and 7th segments 14 and 14.

  Accordingly, the first segment 14 to which the winding start end 61 of the U-phase first coil 33U is connected is defined as the first winding start segment, and the winding No. 6 to which the winding start end 61 of the U-phase second coil 34U is connected. When the segment 14 is the second winding start segment, the first winding start segment and the second winding start segment are set to segments that are separate and have the same potential.

Further, the second segment 14 connected to the winding end 62 of the U-phase first coil 33U is defined as the first winding end segment, and the seventh segment 14 connected to the winding end 62 of the U-phase second coil 34U. When the segment 14 is the second winding end segment, the first winding end segment and the second winding end segment are set to segments that are separate and have the same potential.
In such a configuration, the first tooth 9 corresponding to the U phase includes a U-phase first coil 33U in which the winding 12 is wound n / 2 times in the forward direction, and a U-phase second coil. An n-turn armature coil 7 having two coils of 34U is formed.

Similarly, the coil 12 is wound around the teeth 9 other than the U phase, and the U-phase, X-phase, V-phase, Y-phase, and W-phase coils 33U˜ 34Y is configured to be electrically connected sequentially in this order.
That is, for example, in the V-phase tooth 9, the winding start end 61 of the winding 12 is started from the third segment 14, and wound around the second tooth 9 corresponding to the V-phase n / 2 times in the forward direction. A V-phase first coil 33V is formed. After that, the fourth segment 14 adjacent to the third segment 14 is connected.
On the other hand, the third segment 14 and the connection line 25 are short-circuited, and the eighth segment 14 and the fourth segment 14 and the connection line 25 are short-circuited by the same potential as the third segment 14. The second coil 34V of the V phase wound around the second tooth 9 n / 2 times in the forward direction is formed between the ninth segment 14.

By winding this while sequentially forming coils 33U to 34Y of each phase between the segments 14, five phases (U phase, X phase, V phase, Y phase, W phase) are wound around the first closed circuit H1. A structured armature coil 7 is formed.
In addition, since the segments 14 having the same potential are short-circuited by the connection line 25, the U-phase, X-phase, V-phase, Y-phase, and W-phase armature coils 7 are consequently formed between the adjacent segments 14. In this order, the structure is electrically connected sequentially.

  That is, a U-phase first coil 33U is connected between the first and second segments 14 and 14, and an X-phase first coil 33X is connected between the second and third segments 14 and 14. A V-phase first coil 33 </ b> V is connected between the segments 14 and 14, a Y-phase first coil 33 </ b> Y is connected between the 4th and 5th segments 14 and 14, and between the 5th and 6th segments 14 and 14. Is connected to the W-phase first coil 33V.

  Further, a U-phase second coil 34U is connected between the 6th to 7th segments 14 and 14, and an X phase second coil 34X is connected between the 7th to 8th segments 14 and 14, and the 8th to 9th. A V-phase second coil 34V is connected between the segments 14 and 14, and a Y-phase second coil 34Y is connected between the 9th and 10th segments 14 and 14. (Same potential) A second coil 34V of W phase is connected between the segments 14,14.

  Similarly, the winding 12 is wound on the second closed circuit H2. That is, the winding 12 is n / 2 in the forward direction in the same manner as the first coils 33U to 33Y of each phase in which the winding 12 is wound n / 2 times in the forward direction on each tooth 9 of the second tooth group 47. An n-turn armature coil 7 including the second coils 34U to 34Y of each phase wound by turns is formed. The U-phase, X-phase, V-phase, Y-phase, and W-phase armature coils 7 are electrically sequentially connected in this order between the adjacent segments 14 of the second segment group 42.

As described above, the brushed motor 1 constituted by 8 poles, 10 slots, and 20 segments has two closed circuits H1 and H2 of 5 poles concentrated winding and 4 poles and 5 slots. Since these closed circuits H1 and H2 are formed in parallel with each other in the circumferential direction, the armature 3 is in a state in which two closed circuits H1 and H2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotating shaft 5.
In addition, the brushes 21 on the same polarity side (the anode side brushes 51a and 52a or the cathode side brushes 51b and 52b) have a mechanical angle of 180 °, and the brushes 21 on the opposite side have an electrical angle of 180 ° (mechanical angle). At 45 °). Therefore, the number of parallel circuits is 4 in one closed circuit, and the number of parallel circuits is 8 in the armature 3 even in the concentrated winding method.

Next, based on FIGS. 4-6, the effect | action of the armature 3 of this 1st embodiment is demonstrated.
First, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, anode brushes 51a and 52a exist between the first and second segments 14 and 14 and between the eleventh and twelfth segments 14 and 14, respectively, and the cathode brushes 51b and 52b respectively. In the case where it exists in the 4th segment 14 and the 14th segment 14, that is, in the case where each pair of brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b exists on each closed circuit H1, H2, respectively, A state in which everything is energized will be described.

  In this case, the U-phase first coil 33U and the second coil 34U of each closed circuit H1, H2 are short-circuited to the anode brushes 51a, 52a, and the other V-phase coils 33V, 34V, W-phase coils. Current flows through the 33W, 34W, the X-phase coils 33X, 34X, and the Y-phase coils 33Y, 34Y. While current flows through the V-phase coils 33V and 34V and the X-phase coils 33X and 34X in the forward direction (clockwise in FIG. 4) with respect to the teeth 9, the W-phase coils 33W and 34W and the Y-phase coils 33W and 34X A current flows through the coils 33Y and 34Y in the opposite direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 4) with respect to the tooth 9.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the positions of the brushes 51 a to 52 b are the same as those in FIG. 4, and three of the four brushes 51 a to 52 b are energized. 51a and 52a, and the case where it supplies with electricity to three brushes of the cathode side brush 51b which exists in the 1st segment group 41 of the two segment groups 41 and 42 (it exists in the 4th segment 14) is demonstrated. To do.

In this case, in the first closed circuit H1, current flows through the V-phase coils 33V and 34V, the W-phase coils 33W and 34W, the X-phase coils 33X and 34X, and the Y-phase coils 33Y and 34Y. The U-phase first coil 33U and the second coil 34U of the first closed circuit H1 are short-circuited to the brushes 51a to 52b.
On the other hand, in the second closed circuit H2, since the cathode side brush 52b existing in the second segment group 42 is not energized, current is supplied to the coils 33U to 34W of the respective phases of the second closed circuit H2. Not flowing. Therefore, compared to the case where all the four brushes 51a to 52b are energized (see FIG. 4), the coil through which the current flows is halved.

  Even when two brushes are energized, one set of brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b exists on each closed circuit H1, H2, that is, each segment group 41, 42. The same is true if it is. That is, in FIG. 5, even when only one set of the brushes 51a and 52b of the anode side brush 51a and the cathode side brush 51b existing in the first segment group 41 is energized, the V of the first closed circuit H1. Current flows only in the phase coils 33V and 34V and the W phase coils 33W and 34W.

  However, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, when a pair of brushes 51a and 51b is energized and these brushes 51a and 52b are present between the 9th to 10th segments 14 and 14 and the 12th segment 14, that is, When one set of brushes 51a and 51b exists over two closed circuits H1 and H2 (two segment groups 41 and 42), no current flows through any of the coils 33U to 34W. It becomes a state.

  Therefore, according to the first embodiment described above, the armature coil 7 is formed by winding the winding 12 with a five-phase (U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, Y phase) concentrated winding method. The number of parallel circuits can be eight. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the wire diameter of the winding 12 as much as the number of parallel circuits is larger than before, and the winding work can be easily performed. Further, the motor output can be increased without increasing the size of the brushed motor 1 itself.

In addition, the number of parallel circuits can be increased by forming two 4-pole 5-slot closed circuits H1, H2 in 5-phase concentrated winding on the armature 3 of the brushed motor 1 configured in 5 phases of 8-pole 10-slot 20 segments. A total of four circuits can be provided.
Therefore, when all of the four brushes 51a to 52b are energized, for example, the V-phase coils 33V and 34V, the W-phase coils 33W and 34W, the X-phase coils 33X and 34X, and the Y-phase coil 33Y, A current flows through 34Y (see FIG. 4). On the other hand, when three brushes are energized among the four brushes 51a to 52b, the coil through which the current flows is halved compared to the case where all the four brushes 51a to 52b are energized (see FIG. 5). ). For this reason, the torque at the time of 3 brush energization can be made into the half torque at the time of 4 brush energization.

  When only two brushes, that is, a pair of brushes 51a and 51b are energized, for example, the V-phase coils 33V and 34V, the W-phase coils 33W and 34W, and the X-phase coils of the first closed circuit H1 There are a case where a current flows through the coils 33X and 34X and the Y-phase coils 33Y and 34Y, and a case where no current flows through any of the coils 33U to 34W (see FIG. 6). For this reason, during the non-energized state, the rotating shaft 5 of the armature 3 rotates by inertia, and as a result, the torque is reduced when the two brushes are energized than when the three brushes are energized.

  That is, by changing the energization pattern of the four brushes 51a to 52b, the number of windings 12 through which current flows can be changed, and the magnitude of torque can be changed. Therefore, even when the winding 12 is wound around the armature core 6 by the concentrated winding method, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 5 of the armature 3 can be switched.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 7 to 10 with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and demonstrated to the same aspect as 1st embodiment.
In this second embodiment, the brushed motor 1 is configured in five phases of eight poles, ten slots, and twenty segments, and the four brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, and 52b that are in sliding contact with the commutator 13 are on the same pole side. Are segmented at a point-symmetrical position with respect to the rotation axis 5 as a first segment group 41. And the second segment group 42, the segment groups 41, 42 are connected to connection lines 25 a, 25 b that short-circuit the segments 14 having the same potential, respectively, A basic configuration such as a point in which the first coils 33U to 33Y and the second coils 34U to 34Y are wound around the teeth 9 to form the armature coils 7, respectively. Is the same as in the first embodiment.

Here, in 2nd embodiment, the teeth 9 are not comprised by the two teeth group which exists in a point symmetrical position mutually centering on the rotating shaft 5. FIG. That is, the first coils 33U to 33Y wound around the ten teeth 9 are all connected to the first segment group 41, and the first closed loop is formed by the first coils 33U to 33Y and the first segment group 41. H1 is formed.
On the other hand, the second coils 34U to 34Y wound around the ten teeth 9 are all connected to the second segment group 42, and the second coil 34U to 34Y and the second segment group 42 constitute a second closed circuit. H2 is formed.

This will be described in more detail. As shown in FIG. 7, between the 1st to 6th segments 14 of the first segment group 41, the winding start ends 61 of the first coils 33U to 33Y of the respective phases of the 1st to 5th teeth 9, and the winding The end 62 is connected in the order of U phase, X phase, V phase, Y phase, and W phase. Further, between the 6th to 1st segments of the first segment group 41, the winding start end 61 and the winding end 62 of the first coils 33U to 33Y of each phase of the 6th to 10th teeth 9 are the U phase. , X phase, V phase, Y phase, and W phase are connected in this order.
As described above, the first coils 33U to 33Y wound around the first to tenth teeth 9 are connected to the first segment group 41 to form the first closed circuit H1.

On the other hand, between the 11th to 16th segments 14 of the second segment group 42, the winding start ends 61 and the winding end ends 62 of the second coils 34U to 34Y of the respective phases of the 1st to 5th teeth 9 are U. The phases, X phase, V phase, Y phase, and W phase are connected in this order. Further, between the 16th to 11th segments of the second segment group 42, the winding start ends 61 and the winding end ends 62 of the second coils 34U to 34Y of the respective phases of the 6th to 10th teeth 9 are the U phase. , X phase, V phase, Y phase, and W phase are connected in this order.
As described above, the second coils 34U to 34Y wound around the first to tenth teeth 9 are connected to the second segment group 42 to form the second closed circuit H2 (see FIG. 8). .

Next, based on FIG. 9, FIG. 10, the effect | action of the armature 3 of this 2nd embodiment is demonstrated.
As shown in FIG. 9, for example, anode-side brushes 51a and 52a exist between the first and second segments 14 and 14 and between the eleventh and twelfth segments 14 and 14, respectively, and the cathode-side brushes 51b and 52b each have fourth. When the segment 14 and the 14th segment 14 exist, that is, when one set of brushes 51a, 51b, 52a, and 52b exists on the segment groups 41 and 42, respectively, A state where power is supplied will be described.

  In this case, similarly to the first embodiment described above, the U-phase first coil 33U and the second coil 34U are short-circuited to the anode brushes 51a and 52a, and the other V-phase coils 33V, 34V, W Current flows through the phase coils 33W and 34W, the X phase coils 33X and 34X, and the Y phase coils 33Y and 34Y. While current flows through the V-phase coils 33V and 34V and the X-phase coils 33X and 34X in the forward direction (clockwise in FIG. 4) with respect to the teeth 9, the W-phase coils 33W and 34W and the Y-phase coils 33W and 34X A current flows through the coils 33Y and 34Y in the opposite direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 4) with respect to the tooth 9.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 10, when the positions of the brushes 51 a to 52 b are the same as those in FIG. 9 and three brushes among the four brushes 51 a to 52 b are energized, that is, for example, the anode side brush 51a and 52a, and the case where it supplies with electricity to three brushes of the cathode side brush 51b which exists in the 1st segment group 41 of the two segment groups 41 and 42 (it exists in the 4th segment 14) is demonstrated. To do.

  In this case, among the first coils 33U to 33Y connected to the first segment group 41, the V-phase first coil 33V, the W-phase first coil 33W, the X-phase first coil 33X, and the Y-phase coil A current flows through the first coil 33Y. On the other hand, no current flows through the second coils 34U to 34Y connected to the second segment group 42. For this reason, when the armature coil 7 is considered as a whole, the armature coil 7 wound around the second to fifth teeth 9 and the seventh to tenth teeth 9 is energized with all four brushes 51a to 52b. Compared to the case (see FIG. 4), only half of the current flows.

  When only two brushes, that is, a pair of brushes 51a and 51b are energized, for example, a V-phase first coil 33V connected to the first segment group 41, a W-phase first coil 33W, There are a case where a current flows through the X-phase first coil 33X and a Y-phase first coil 33Y, and a case where a current does not flow through any of the coils 33U to 34W.

  Therefore, according to the second embodiment described above, in addition to the same effects as those of the first embodiment described above, the currents of the coils 33U to 34Y through which the current flows when the four brushes are energized, the three brushes are energized, and the two brushes are energized. Even when the number is changed, it is possible to prevent the balance of the energized coils 33U to 34Y from being deteriorated. That is, by changing the energization pattern of the brush 21, even when only one of the two closed circuits H1 and H2 is energized, this energized phase coil is It is not biased to one side as in the first embodiment (see FIGS. 5 and 10). For this reason, when changing the rotation speed, it becomes possible to reduce the swing of the armature 3 due to the energizing coil, and the circulating current generated by the difference in the electromagnetic balance and the resistance difference between the phases facing the rotation shaft 5 as the center. It becomes possible to reduce.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
In the above-described embodiment, the armature core 6 is formed by laminating a plurality of ring-shaped metal plates 8 in the axial direction, and the teeth 9 having a substantially T-shape are formed on the outer peripheral portion of the metal plate 8. Explained the case. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a split core system in which the armature core 6 can be divided in the circumferential direction may be used, or the teeth 9 may have a predetermined skew angle so as to be inclined while twisting with respect to the axial direction. It may be formed.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the electric motor in embodiment of this invention. It is a brush arrangement | positioning figure of the motor with a brush in embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the armature in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the armature in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the armature in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded view of the armature in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the armature in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is action | operation explanatory drawing of the armature in 2nd embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Motor with brush 2 Yoke 3 Armature 4 Permanent magnet (magnetic pole)
5 Rotating shaft 6 Armature core 7 Armature coil 9 Teeth 11 Slot 12 Winding 13 Commutator 14 Segment (first winding start segment, first winding end segment, second winding start segment, second winding end segment)
21 Brush 25a, 25b Connection line (short-circuit member)
33U to 33Y First coil 34U to 34Y Second coil 41 First segment group (segment group)
42 Second segment group (segment group)
46 First Teeth Group (Teeth Group)
47 Second Teeth Group (Teeth Group)
51a, 52a Anode-side brush 51b, 52b Cathode-side brush 61 Winding start end 62 Winding end H1 First closed circuit (closed circuit)
H2 Second closed circuit (closed circuit)

Claims (2)

A yoke having eight magnetic poles;
A rotating shaft rotatably provided inside the yoke;
10 teeth attached to the rotating shaft and extending radially in the radial direction, and windings are wound in a concentrated winding manner, and 10 slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction An armature core having,
A commutator provided adjacent to the armature core on the rotating shaft and having 20 segments arranged in a circumferential direction;
It consists of four brushes that are in sliding contact with the segment and for feeding power,
The four brushes are configured to include two sets of an anode side brush and a cathode side brush,
The brushes on the same pole side are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis, and the brushes on the opposite pole side are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 ° in the circumferential direction,
Each tooth includes two coils, a first coil formed by winding the winding in the same direction, and a second coil.
The segment is composed of two segment groups each having ten points that are point-symmetric with respect to the rotation axis, and the segments having the same potential in each segment group are short-circuited by a short-circuit member,
The teeth are composed of two groups of five teeth that exist in point-symmetric positions with respect to the rotation axis,
A first coil wound around the same tooth group and a second coil are connected to the same segment group to form one closed circuit for each of the two tooth groups,
When each tooth is assigned in the order of U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, Y phase,
A brush motor in which the first coil or the second coil is connected in the order of the U phase, X phase, V phase, Y phase, and W phase between adjacent segments of each closed circuit in the circumferential direction. Because
Each closed circuit is
The first winding start segment to which the winding start end of the first coil is connected and the second winding start segment to which the winding start end of the second coil is connected are separate and have the same potential. Set to segment,
The first winding end segment to which the winding end of the first coil is connected and the second winding end segment to which the winding end of the second coil is connected are separate and have the same potential. Set to segment,
The first winding start segment and the first winding end segment are arranged adjacent to each other,
The brushed motor, wherein the second winding start segment and the second winding end segment are arranged adjacent to each other. A yoke having eight magnetic poles;
A rotating shaft rotatably provided inside the yoke;
10 teeth attached to the rotating shaft and extending radially in the radial direction, and windings are wound in a concentrated winding manner, and 10 slots formed between the teeth and extending along the axial direction An armature core having,
A commutator provided adjacent to the armature core on the rotating shaft and having 20 segments arranged in a circumferential direction;
It consists of four brushes that are in sliding contact with the segment and for feeding power,
The four brushes are configured to include two sets of an anode side brush and a cathode side brush,
The brushes on the same pole side are arranged opposite to each other around the rotation axis, and the brushes on the opposite pole side are arranged at an electrical angle of 180 ° in the circumferential direction,
Each tooth includes two coils, a first coil formed by winding the winding in the same direction, and a second coil.
The segment is composed of two segment groups each having ten points that are point-symmetric with respect to the rotation axis, and the segments having the same potential in each segment group are short-circuited by a short-circuit member,
The first coil is connected to one of the segment groups, and the second coil is connected to the other segment group to form one closed circuit for each of the two segment groups,
When each tooth is assigned in the order of U phase, V phase, W phase, X phase, Y phase,
A brush motor in which the first coil or the second coil is connected in the order of the U phase, X phase, V phase, Y phase, and W phase between adjacent segments of each closed circuit in the circumferential direction. Because
Each closed circuit is
The first winding start segment to which the winding start end of the first coil is connected and the second winding start segment to which the winding start end of the second coil is connected are separate and have the same potential. Set to segment,
The first winding end segment to which the winding end of the first coil is connected and the second winding end segment to which the winding end of the second coil is connected are separate and have the same potential. Set to segment,
The first winding start segment and the first winding end segment are arranged adjacent to each other,
The brushed motor, wherein the second winding start segment and the second winding end segment are arranged adjacent to each other.

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