JP2010088363A - Animal feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a feed additive free from decreasing the active ingredient of a cashew cereal liquid, and causing no rash. <P>SOLUTION: This feed additive is obtained by admixing hydroxide, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, and phosphate of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal with a cashew nut cereal liquid containing anacardic acid so as to selectively modify anacardic acid contained in the cashew nut cereal liquid to anacardic acid metal salt. It is possible to reduce rash and improve handling properties when using feed by further admixing a vehicle and/or porous powder and solidifying in some applications. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an additive for ruminant feeds, and more particularly to an additive for animal feeds containing cashew nut shell liquid with reduced fog.

  Cashew nut shell liquid is known to be effective as an additive for animal feed (see Patent Document 1). As a more specific effect, according to Non-Patent Document 1, when vegetable oil extracted from cashew nut shells is mixed with feed for livestock, it is one of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Research results that 90% of the amount of methane emitted as a belch can be reduced are reported, and further, the energy efficiency of the feed is expected to increase the effectiveness of feed reduction and disease prevention.

  In this study, we extracted cashew nut shell liquid and dozens of vegetable oils such as palm and olives, put the rumen liquid that corresponds to the gastric juice of cattle into a glass container, and examined the increase and decrease of pathogenic bacteria. The liquid secreted from the yeast called pseudozyma that inhabits the leaves of the plant had the same effect, and the gastric production was suppressed by mitigating the stickiness of the rumen solution. It has been reported that the generation amount of each has been reduced by 90%.

  By the way, cashew nut shell liquid is a liquid collected from cashew nut shells harvested in tropical regions such as India, Vietnam, and Brazil, and is a compound in which a hydroxyl group and a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid are added to a benzene ring. The main component, anacardic acid, is decarboxylated by heat treatment and processed for industrial use, which is mainly composed of thermally stable cardanol.

  Up to now, cashew nut shell liquid has been used extensively as a raw material for friction modifiers and paints for automobiles and railway vehicles. As mentioned above, cashew nut shell liquid generates methane gas that is discharged as beef beef. It has been attracting attention as an additive for feed that is used as feed for livestock because it is expected to be effective in reducing the amount of feed and reducing feed and preventing disease. In particular, anacardic acid, which is the main component of cashew nut shell liquid, is known to have an antibacterial action, and it has been found that the effect can be expected especially against gram-positive bacteria. However, when using cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid, there are the following problems.

That is,
(1) The carboxyl group of anacardic acid is decarboxylated due to the influence of temperature change during transportation and changes to cardanol, and the anacardic acid which is an active ingredient is reduced or eliminated.
(2) Carbon dioxide gas is generated along with decarboxylation, and the generated carbon dioxide gas increases the internal pressure of the packing container containing the cashew nut shell liquid, causing the container to expand or discharge the contents or explode the container. There is,
(3) Although cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid can be transported or stored in a refrigerated or frozen state, energy for keeping the temperature of the cashew nut shell liquid low is required, resulting in high costs. In addition, even if the cashew nut shell liquid is kept at a low temperature, the decarboxylation reaction of the carboxyl group of anacardic acid is unavoidable, and decarboxylation occurs gradually and cannot be stored for a long time.
(4) There is a risk of causing serious blurring if it adheres to the skin of the worker.
There is a problem. If such problems can be solved, cashew nut shell liquid is expected to be further utilized as an additive for animal feed.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-151675 Idemitsu Kosan News Release 2007 “Co-discovery with Hokkaido University of Natural Materials that Improve the Lumen Function of Cattle”

  The problem to be solved is that in order to use cashew nut shell liquid as an animal feed additive, the effects of temperature changes during transportation, the generation of carbon dioxide accompanying decarboxylation, and the occurrence of fog on the human body must be solved. It must be.

  According to the present invention, by selectively modifying anacardic acid contained in cashew nut shell liquid to an anacardic acid metal salt, the carboxyl group of anacardic acid does not change to cardanol, and therefore carbon dioxide is not generated, and its effectiveness It is the greatest feature to maintain. In addition, anacardic acid which is a component of fog is changed to an anacardic acid metal salt which is less likely to cause fog and can reduce fog on the human body.

  Furthermore, adding at least one or both of a mold and a porous powder to the cashew shell liquid containing the modified metal salt of anacardic acid to solidify the cashew nut shell liquid further reduces fog. it can.

  According to the present invention, anacardic acid contained in cashew nut shell liquid is reacted with one or more alkali metals or alkaline earth metals to be modified into a stable anacardic acid metal salt. Elimination of carbon dioxide gas can be eliminated to maintain a certain quality during the transportation and storage period, no deterioration due to environmental changes, and further reduction in the risk of camera shake. Therefore, the cashew nut shell liquid containing the modified anacardic acid metal salt can be added to the feed as it is to give the animal, and the anacardic acid metal salt is decomposed in the animal stomach and regenerated into anacardic acid, In the body, the effects of anacardic acid are exerted to suppress the generation of methane gas, prevent disease, and reduce feed. In addition, the cashew nut shell liquid containing the modified metal salt of anacardic acid can be solidified by adding at least one of a mold and a porous powder to further reduce the fog on animal handlers. Therefore, it is possible to improve the handling property when using the feed, and to greatly utilize the cashew nut shell liquid in the feed field.

  The present invention is an animal feed additive containing an anacardic acid metal salt as an active ingredient in cashew nut shell liquid, wherein the anacardic acid metal salt contains at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in cashew nut shell liquid. The anacardic acid contained in the cashew nut shell liquid is selectively modified.

Prior to the description of the processing to be processed into the animal feed additive according to the present invention, the outline of the cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid used in the present invention will be described.
First, cashew nuts are naturally occurring tropical plant fruits, and cashew nut shell liquid is an oily liquid contained in cashew nut shells obtained as a by-product when collecting cashew nut fruits. Cashew nuts contain protein and sugar, and are used for snacks and dishes such as mixed nuts for food.

  Cashew nut shell liquid contains components such as anacardic acid, cardol, 2-methylcardol, and cardanol. Although the content varies slightly depending on the cashew nut production region, it is about 75% by weight of anacardic acid, about 20% by weight of cardol, and about 5% by weight of 2-methylcardol and cardanol.

  The present invention, when using cashew nut shell liquid as an animal feed additive, aims to stabilize the quality of the collected cashew nut shell liquid by eliminating the danger due to the generation of carbon dioxide gas and avoiding the reduction of anacardic acid. In order to reduce the risk of rash, the anacardic acid contained in the cashew nut shell liquid is modified into a selective anacardic acid metal salt. In the modification treatment, one or more types of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal are added to cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid, and anacardic acid is reacted with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to generate an anacardic acid metal salt. It is processing.

  When anacardic acid is reacted with at least one of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, phosphate, and hydrogen phosphate at room temperature for several hours, anacardic acid Metal salts are synthesized. Calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. can be used as the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate used, but in terms of cost and safety In particular, calcium hydroxide is preferred.

  The charging ratio of calcium hydroxide when metallizing anacardic acid is 0.1 to 2.0 mol, preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mol with respect to the cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid as a raw material. is there. If the amount of calcium hydroxide or the like is less than 0.1 mol, the metal chloride reaction of anacardic acid may not proceed sufficiently. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 2.0 mol, unreacted calcium hydroxide or the like remains and the cost increases. This is not preferable.

  In the reforming treatment, anacardic acid is reacted with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to produce an anacardic acid metal salt, and further, as a selective treatment, cardanol contained in cashew nut shell liquid that is a substance other than the anacardic acid metal salt , Cardol and 2-methylcardol are separated and removed. As a result, the concentration of the anacardic acid metal salt increases, and anacardic acid, which is difficult to separate and purify industrially, can be separated and regenerated at a relatively high concentration in the subsequent regeneration treatment.

  When forming anacardic acid metal salt in the cashew nut shell liquid and / or separating the anacardic acid metal salt from the cashew nut shell liquid, if the viscosity is high, mixing agitation is insufficient and the yield during filtration is reduced. Such a problem may occur. In order to solve such a problem, it is desirable to add a solvent for suppressing the increase in viscosity in the reforming treatment. The workability of the modification treatment can be improved by suppressing the increase in the viscosity of the cashew nut shell liquid. The solvent to be used is not particularly specified, but alcohol solvents such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and n-butyl alcohol, ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene, diethyl ether, Examples include ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, and ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. Of these, isopropyl alcohol is particularly suitable in terms of cost.

  Although the reaction temperature in the case of anacardic acid metal chloride is limited to the temperature below decarboxylation, it is 10-100 degreeC normally, Preferably it is 20-80 degreeC. When the reaction temperature is less than 10 ° C, the viscosity of the cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid increases. On the other hand, when the reaction temperature exceeds 100 ° C, decarboxylation may occur.

  Next, the generation mechanism of the cashew nut shell liquid fog will be described. Cabbage caused by cashew nut shell liquid is allergic contact dermatitis. Allergies are classified from type I to type IV according to the mechanism of action of the immune reaction, and fog due to cashew nut shell liquid is classified into type IV. Type IV is an allergic reaction related to cellular immunity. Langerhans cells in the epidermis recognize foreign substances, bind to this substance, and move to lymphatic vessels to initiate the immune mechanism.

  The fog caused by the cashew shell fluid component is caused by the Langerhans cell recognizing the cashew component as a foreign substance (allergen), and the cashew nut shell fluid component and the Langerhans cell are combined and migrated into the lymph. Therefore, if the cashew nut shell liquid component is prevented from penetrating into the skin and binding to the Langerhans cells can be inhibited, it is possible to prevent fogging.

  The fog caused by the cashew nut shell liquid can be avoided by solidifying the cashew nut shell liquid and making it difficult to penetrate into the epidermis. To solidify the cashew nut shell liquid, it is easy and easy to mix the cashew nut shell liquid with the powder. As the powder for solidification, a corrugating agent and a porous material are suitable. Examples of the glazing agent include lactose, celluloses, wheat flour, corn starch, bran, and rice bran. Examples of the porous material include zeolite, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and charcoal. The glazing agent and the porous material may be mixed alone with the cashew nut shell liquid, or both may be used in combination. That is, it can be solidified by arbitrarily selecting at least one of the glaze form or the porous powder and selectively adding and mixing it to the cashew nut shell liquid.

  The blending amount of the glaze forming agent and / or the porous material is 30 to 1000 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 800 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the cashew nut shell liquid. If the blending amount is less than 30 parts by weight, a liquid product remains, and there is a possibility that the cashew nut shell liquid component cannot be prevented from penetrating into the skin and fog occurs.

  The cashew nut shell liquid containing the anacardic acid metal salt obtained by the above treatment as an active ingredient is used as it is or by adding at least one of a mold and a porous powder to solidify the cashew nut shell liquid into a feed. Added. When an animal eats its feed, the metal salt of anacardic acid contained in the cashew nut shell liquid is broken down in the animal's stomach and regenerated into anacardic acid, and the action of anacardic acid is exerted in the animal's body. , The generation of methane discharged as a belch is suppressed, and further, the energy efficiency of the feed can be increased, the feed can be reduced, and disease prevention can be achieved.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below. In the following experiment, anacardic acid contained in cashew nut shell liquid was synthesized into calcium anacardate, and the effectiveness and preservation of calcium anacardate contained in cashew nut shell liquid were confirmed. The absorption strength of carboxylic acid was compared between the cashew nut shell liquid after the modification treatment and the cashew nut shell liquid after the regeneration treatment, and the presence or absence of a change in the anacardic acid contained in the cashew nut shell liquid was verified.

[Example 1]
(Synthesis of cashew nut shell liquid containing calcium anacardate)
The fruit and shell of Vietnamese cashew nuts were separated, and the shells were squeezed with a press to extract cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid. 500 g of cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid extracted in a magnetic mortar, 50 g of calcium hydroxide and 50 g of distilled water were charged and set in a lab mill, and stirred and mixed at room temperature for about 1 hour to obtain a cashew nut shell liquid containing calcium anacardate.

(Preservation test)
The calcium anacardate-containing cashew nut shell liquid obtained by the above (synthesis of calcium anacardate-containing cashew nut shell liquid) was heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour.
(Regeneration of anacardic acid-containing cashew nut shell liquid)
After adding 400 g of cashew nut shell liquid containing calcium anacardate and 3000 g of n-hexane treated in the storage test to a three-necked flask having an internal volume of 10 liters equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, and a cooling can, 1% 2000 g of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was gradually added dropwise. Thereafter, the mixture was mixed at room temperature and normal pressure for about 60 minutes. The obtained reaction solution was charged into a separatory funnel and the aqueous layer was removed. Next, the reaction solution was charged into an evaporator, and an anacardic acid-containing cashew nut shell liquid regenerated by distilling n-hexane at room temperature under a reduced pressure of 3 mmHg was obtained.

(Efficacy test)
Thereafter, the cashew nut shell liquid before treatment and the regenerated anacardic acid-containing cashew nut shell liquid were analyzed with a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, and the absorption strengths of carboxylic acids in the vicinity of 3100 cm ⁻¹ and 1650 cm ⁻¹ were compared. I confirmed that.

[Example 2]
(Synthesis of calcium anacardate)
The fruit and shell of Vietnamese cashew nuts were separated, and the shells were squeezed with a press to extract cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid. 810 g cashew nut shell liquid containing extracted anacardic acid and 3690 g isopropyl alcohol are placed in a 10-liter three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, and a cooling can, and then 100 g calcium hydroxide and 100 g distilled water. Was charged. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 60 ° C., and the stirring was continued while refluxing for 4 hours to produce a cashew nut shell liquid containing calcium anacardate. Next, the obtained product was filtered, and the residue on the filter cloth was dried at 60 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain calcium anacardate.

(Preservation test)
The cashew nut shell liquid containing calcium anacardate obtained by the above (synthesis of calcium anacardate) was heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour.
(Regeneration of anacardic acid)
Into a 10-liter three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, and a cooling can, 400 g of calcium anacardate and 3000 g of n-hexane treated in the storage test were added, and 2000 g of 1% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added. Slowly dropped. Thereafter, the mixture was mixed at room temperature and normal pressure for about 60 minutes. The obtained reaction solution was charged into a separatory funnel and the aqueous layer was removed. Next, the reaction solution was charged in an evaporator, and regenerated anacardic acid was obtained by distilling n-hexane at room temperature under a reduced pressure of 3 mmHg.

(Efficacy test)
Thereafter, the cashew nut shell liquid before treatment and the regenerated anacardic acid were analyzed with a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, and the absorption strengths of carboxylic acids in the vicinity of 3100 cm ⁻¹ and 1650 cm ⁻¹ were compared to confirm that there was no change. .

[Comparative Example 1]
The cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid extracted from Vietnamese locust nuts in Example 1 was heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the cashew nut shell liquid before and after the treatment was analyzed with a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, and the absorption strengths of carboxylic acids in the vicinity of 3100 cm ⁻¹ and 1650 cm ⁻¹ were compared. Confirmed disappearance.
As described above, as clearly shown in Examples 1 and 2, it was revealed that the anacardic acid as an active ingredient contained in the cashew nut shell liquid does not change or change in quality due to the modification treatment, and its function does not deteriorate.

[Example 3]
(Test for fogging)
(1) Outline of Experiment The following contact test (hereinafter referred to as a patch test) was performed on the cashew nut shell liquid subjected to the treatment of Experimental Examples 1 and 2. For comparison, a patch test was similarly performed using the cashew nut shell liquid obtained by the treatment of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

(Experimental example 1) The fruit and shell of Vietnamese cashew nut were separated, and the shell was squeezed with a press to extract cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid. A magnetic mortar was charged with a mixed solution of 100 g of cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid and 10 g of distilled water of 10 g of calcium hydroxide, set in a lab mill, and stirred and mixed at room temperature for about 1 hour. A cashew nut shell liquid containing an anacardic acid metal salt was obtained.

(Experimental Example 2) To 100 g of cashew nut shell liquid containing the anacardic acid metal salt obtained in Experimental Example 1, 500 g of flour was added in five portions. Then, stirring was continued at room temperature for about 1 hour until it became powdery, and a product was obtained.

(Comparative example 1) The fruit and shell of Vietnamese cashew nut were separated, and the shell was squeezed with a press to extract cashew nut shell liquid containing anacardic acid.
Comparative Example 2 The cashew nut shell liquid containing the anacardic acid of Comparative Example 1 was treated at 180 ° C. for 1 hour for decarboxylation to obtain a cashew nut shell liquid containing no anacardic acid.

(2) Procedure for patch test Normally, rashes caused by cashew nut shell liquid appear as red spots, blisters, or ulcers on the human body within 24 hours at the latest after contact with cashew nut shell liquid. In addition, it may develop throughout the body in some cases. This is because there are differences in the degree of onset depending on individual differences and physical condition of individuals, and there are some people who are not at all blurred. Therefore, in an actual test, the healing effect was confirmed by conducting a maximum of 148 hours (one week), but in the following examples, only the result of the onset state after 24 hours is described.

  In the cashew nut shell liquid patch test, the cashew nut shell liquid is left on the skin inside the upper arm or forearm of the human body for 3 minutes in a size of about 5 mm in diameter, wiped with a cloth, further wiped with ethyl alcohol, Washed with Ken water.

(3) Judgment method of fogging onset state The judgment of the fogging onset state was judged visually according to the following criteria after 24 hours. The severity was recorded as 0 for no onset, 1 for mild erythema, 2 for mild, 3 for severe, 4 for mild, 5 for mild, 7 for severe, and 7 for ulcer. Subjects were distinguished alphabetically.

(4) Results of patch test Table 1 shows the results of the patch test.

  As is apparent from Table 1 above, according to Experimental Example 2, all of them were suppressed to mild 1 or less of erythema. In Experimental Example 1, subjects A and D had slightly mild onset, but Subject B had no onset in any of the experimental examples. On the other hand, in the comparative example, all of the patients developed symptoms, and in particular, the subject D showed a severe reaction to the comparative example 1 and a somewhat severe reaction to the comparative example 2.

  In this experimental example, it is judged that subject B has the highest resistance to cashew nut shell liquid and subject D has the lowest. However, the effect is obtained by using anacardic acid metal salt as the main component of cashew shell liquid. It was found that the fogging property can be reduced or eliminated by further solidification. As described above, zeolite powder was used in the experiment. However, not only zeolite powder, but also porous materials such as silica gel, diatomaceous earth, charcoal, etc. Similar effects were obtained even with the form.

  Since there is no danger during transportation and storage, it is excellent in quality and stability, and the operator is freed from the risk of fogging, so it can be expected to be actively used in the feed field in the future.

Claims (5)

  An animal feed additive comprising an anacardic acid metal salt as an active ingredient of an animal feed. Animal feed additive containing an anacardic acid metal salt as an active ingredient of animal feed,
The animal feed additive for animals, wherein the anacardic acid metal salt is one obtained by selectively modifying anacardic acid contained in a cashew nut shell liquid.   The animal metal according to claim 1, wherein the anacardic acid metal salt is synthesized in cashew nut shell liquid by adding one or more kinds of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to cashew nut shell liquid. Feed additive.   2. The animal feed additive according to claim 1, wherein substances other than the metal salt of anacardic acid are removed from the cashew nut shell liquid.   The cashew nut shell liquid containing the anacardic acid metal salt is solidified by adding at least one of a candy and a porous powder. Animal feed additive according to any one of the above.