JP2009523402A - Pulse transmission method - Google Patents

Abstract

  A transmitter is disclosed for wirelessly transmitting power to a receiver to power a load, the transmitter comprising a pulse generator for generating a pulse of power. The transmitter includes a power sensor that can sense when other transmitters are transmitting in order to cause the generator to transmit pulses when appropriate. Disclosed is a power sensor for a transmitter pulse generator capable of sensing when other transmitters are transmitting in order to cause the generator to transmit pulses at the appropriate time. A system for power transmission is disclosed. A method for transmitting power to a receiver for providing power to a load is disclosed. An apparatus for transmitting power to a receiver for providing power to a load is disclosed. A system for power transmission is disclosed.

Description

The present invention relates to wireless power transmission to a receiver for supplying power to a load. More specifically, the present invention uses a power sensor that can sense when other transmitters are transmitting to ensure that the transmitters transmit pulses at the appropriate time. It relates to wireless power transmission by a transmitter to a receiver for supplying power to a load.

Description of Related Art Current methods of radio frequency (RF) power transfer use continuous wave (CW) systems. This means that the transmitter continuously supplies a fixed amount of power to the remote unit (antenna, rectifier, device).

  However, the rectifier has an efficiency proportional to the power received by the antenna. In order to solve this problem, new methods of power transmission have been developed, including pulsing of transmitted power (carrier frequency on-off keying (OOK)).

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a transmitter for wirelessly transmitting power to a receiver to supply power to a load. The transmitter includes a pulse generator for generating a pulse of power. The transmitter includes a power sensor that can sense when other transmitters are transmitting in order to cause the generator to transmit pulses when appropriate.

  The present invention relates to a power sensor for a transmitter pulse generator capable of sensing when other transmitters are transmitting in order to cause the generator to transmit pulses at the appropriate time. . The sensor includes an antenna. The sensor comprises an analog-to-digital converter, or voltage comparator, or input pin.

  The present invention relates to a system for power transmission. The system includes a transmitter that transmits a pulse of power, and the transmitter senses when other transmitters are transmitting to ensure that the generator transmits a pulse when appropriate. The system includes a receiver that receives a pulse of power transmitted by a power transmitter to power a load.

  The present invention relates to a method for transmitting power to a receiver to supply power to a load. The method includes generating a pulse of power using a pulse generator. In order for the generator to send a pulse at the appropriate time, there is a step of sending a pulse based on a power sensor that can sense when other transmitters are sending.

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for transmitting power to a receiver for supplying power to a load. The apparatus comprises a plurality of transmitters, each transmitter generating a pulse of power, and each transmitter is associated with an associated sensor capable of sensing when the transmitter is generating a pulse. So that the associated transmitter can transmit pulses received by the receiver at the appropriate time to power the load.

  The present invention relates to a method for transmitting power to a receiver to supply power to a load. The method includes generating a pulse of power from a plurality of transmitters, each transmitter having an associated sensor capable of sensing when the transmitter is generating a pulse. Thus, the associated transmitter can transmit the pulses received by the receiver at the appropriate time to power the load.

  The present invention relates to a system for power transmission. The system comprises a transmitter that transmits a pulse of power having an average transmitted power. The system includes a receiver that receives a pulse of power transmitted by a power transmitter to power a load. The pulses generated by the transmitter result in a higher voltage at the receiver than a continuous-wave system having the same average transmitted power as the transmitter.

  The present invention relates to a system for power transmission. The system includes a transmitter that transmits a pulse of power. The system comprises a receiver adapted to be placed in a patient that receives a pulse of power transmitted by a power transmitter to power a load.

  The present invention relates to a system for power transmission. The system comprises a transmitter that transmits a pulse of power having an average transmitted power. The system includes a receiver that receives a pulse of power transmitted by a power transmitter to power a load. The pulses generated by the transmitter provide a higher instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver than a continuous wave system with the same average transmitted power as the transmitter, allowing battery recharging at greater distances.

  The present invention relates to a system for power transmission. The system comprises a transmitter that transmits a pulse of power having an average transmitted power. The system includes a receiver that receives a pulse of power transmitted by a power transmitter to power a load. The pulses generated by the transmitter provide a higher instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver than a continuous wave system with the same average transmitted power as the transmitter, allowing direct power supply at a greater distance. .

  The present invention relates to a system for power transmission. The system comprises a transmitter that transmits a pulse of power. The system comprises a receiver that receives a pulse of power transmitted by a power transmitter to power a load, and the receiver transmits data when the transmitter is not transmitting a pulse. To do.

  The present invention relates to a method for transmitting power wirelessly to a receiver. The method includes sensing power with an RF power sensor. There is a step of transmitting power wirelessly by the transmitter when the power sensed by the sensor is below a threshold.

  The present invention relates to a system for power transmission. The system includes a transmitter that generates a pulse of power. The system includes a receiver disposed within or behind the attenuating medium. The receiver receives a pulse of power to supply power to the load.

  The present invention relates to a system for power transmission. The system comprises a transmitter that generates output power having an average value. The system includes a receiver that receives output power to provide power to a load. The load is powered at a distance greater than that obtained by a continuous wave system at the same average power level as the average value.

  The present invention relates to a receiver for receiving a pulse of power wirelessly. The receiver comprises a rectifier that receives a pulse of power, the pulse providing a voltage at the receiver that is higher than continuous wave power having the same average power as the pulse. The receiver includes a storage device in electrical communication with the rectifier, the storage device being powered by the rectifier and providing a predetermined continuous level of power. The receiver includes a load in electrical communication with the storage device, and the load receives power from the storage device.

  The present invention relates to a receiver for receiving a pulse of power wirelessly. The receiver comprises a rectifier that receives a pulse of power, the pulse providing an instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver that is higher than continuous wave power having the same average power as the pulse, at a greater distance of the battery. Allows recharging. The receiver includes a battery in electrical communication with the rectifier, and the battery receives power from the rectifier.

  The present invention relates to a receiver for receiving a pulse of power wirelessly. The receiver comprises a rectifier that receives a pulse of power, the pulse providing an instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver that is higher than continuous wave power having the same average power as the pulse, directly at a greater distance. It enables a simple power supply. The receiver includes a storage device in electrical communication with the rectifier, the storage device being powered by the rectifier and providing a predetermined continuous level of power. The receiver includes a load in electrical communication with the storage device, and the load receives power from the storage device. The receiver includes a load in electrical communication with the storage device, and the load receives power from the storage device.

  The present invention relates to a method for using pulses of power received wirelessly by a receiver. The method includes receiving a pulse of power by a rectifier of the receiver. There is a step of providing energy from the pulse of power by the rectifier. There is a step of using the energy from the rectifier to power the load.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A full understanding of the invention may be obtained by reference to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Throughout the drawings, like reference numerals indicate like parts.

  For purposes of the following description, the terms "up", "down", "right", "left", "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", and their derivatives are Relevant to the present invention, as the orientation of the present invention is defined in the drawings. However, it is to be understood that the invention may take various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly stated to the contrary. In addition, it is to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the following specification are merely exemplary embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, the particular dimensions and other physical characteristics associated with the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting.

  With reference to FIGS. 2, 8, 11 a, and 11 b, a transmitter 12 is shown for wirelessly transmitting power to a receiver 32 to provide power to a load 16. The transmitter 12 includes a pulse generator 14 for generating a pulse of power. The transmitter 12 includes a power sensor 46 that can sense when other transmitters are transmitting in order to cause the generator to transmit pulses when appropriate.

  Preferably, the power sensor 46 is in communication with the pulse generator 14. Alternatively, the power sensor 46 is in communication with the microcontroller 48 that controls the pulse generator 14. Alternatively, the power sensor 46 is in communication with an analog-to-digital converter 36 that is in communication with a microcontroller 48 that controls the pulse generator 14, as shown in FIG.

  The pulse generator 14 may include a frequency generator 20 having an output, an amplifier 22 in communication with the frequency generator 20, and an antenna 18. There may be an enabler 24 that controls the frequency generator 20 or amplifier 22 to form a pulse. The enabler 24 preferably defines the time interval between pulses.

  The time interval is preferably greater than half of one cycle of the frequency generator 20 output.

The power of the transmitted pulse may be equivalent to the average power of a continuous wave power transmission system. The average power P _{average of the} pulses is preferably determined by:

  The pulse generator 14 may generate a continuous amount of power between pulses. The pulse generator 14 may sequentially generate pulses at various output frequencies. Alternatively, the pulse generator 14 may generate pulses at various amplitudes. The pulse generator 14 may include a plurality of frequency generators 20, an amplifier 22, and a frequency selector 39 that is in communication with the frequency generator 20 and the amplifier 22 to determine the correct frequency. Then, it is sent from the frequency generator 20 to the amplifier 22.

  The pulse generator 14 may transmit data during the pulse. The pulse generator 14 may transmit data in pulses. The transmitter 12 may include a gain control 26 that controls the frequency generator 20 or amplifier 22 to form a pulse. Gain control 26 may define the time interval between pulses.

  The present invention provides a transmitter 12 pulse that can sense when other transmitters are transmitting to ensure that the generator transmits pulses at the appropriate time, as shown in FIG. It relates to a power sensor 46 for the generator 14. The sensor 46 includes the antenna 18. The sensor 46 includes an analog-to-digital converter 36, a voltage comparator, or an input pin as shown in FIG.

  The present invention relates to a system 10 for power transmission. The system 10 includes a transmitter 12 that transmits a pulse of power, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, and the transmitter 12 has other transmissions to ensure that the generator transmits a pulse when appropriate. Detect when the transmitter is transmitting. System 10 includes a receiver 32 that receives pulses of power transmitted by power transmitter 12 to power load 16. Preferably, receiver 32 transmits data when transmitter 12 is not transmitting a pulse.

  The present invention relates to a method for transmitting power to a receiver 32 to supply power to a load 16. The method includes generating a pulse of power using the pulse generator 14. In order for the generator to send a pulse at the appropriate time, there is a step of sending a pulse based on the power sensor 46 that can sense when other transmitters are sending.

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for transmitting power to a receiver 32 for supplying power to a load 16 as shown in FIGS. The apparatus comprises a plurality of transmitters 12, each of which generates a pulse of power, and each of the transmitters 12 can sense when the transmitter 12 is generating a pulse. Having an associated sensor 46 so that the associated transmitter 12 can transmit pulses received by the receiver 32 at an appropriate time to power the load 16. .

  The present invention relates to a method for transmitting power to a receiver 32 to supply power to a load 16. The method includes generating a pulse of power from a plurality of transmitters 12, each transmitter 12 being able to sense when the transmitter 12 is generating pulses. It has a sensor 46 so that the associated transmitter 12 can transmit the pulses received by the receiver 32 at the appropriate time to power the load 16.

  The present invention relates to a system 10 for power transmission, as shown in FIG. The system 10 comprises a transmitter 12 that transmits a pulse of power having an average transmitted power. System 10 includes a receiver 32 that receives pulses of power transmitted by power transmitter 12 to power load 16. The pulses generated by the transmitter 12 result in a higher voltage at the receiver 32 than a continuous wave system having the same average transmitted power as the transmitter 12.

  The present invention relates to a system 10 for power transmission. The system 10 includes a transmitter 12 that transmits a pulse of power. The system 10 includes a receiver 32 adapted to be placed in a patient that receives pulses of power transmitted by the power transmitter 12 to power the load 16. FIG. 21 shows the body 52 and the attenuation medium 54 (same in this figure), here the patient, with respect to the system 10. The receiver 32 has an antenna 18 disposed in the patient.

  The present invention relates to a system 10 for power transmission. The system 10 comprises a transmitter 12 that transmits a pulse of power having an average transmitted power. System 10 includes a receiver 32 that receives pulses of power transmitted by power transmitter 12 to power load 16. The pulses generated by the transmitter 12 provide a higher instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver 32 than a continuous wave system with the same average transmitted power as the transmitter 12, allowing recharging of the battery at greater distances. To.

  The present invention relates to a system 10 for power transmission. The system 10 comprises a transmitter 12 that transmits a pulse of power having an average transmitted power. System 10 includes a receiver 32 that receives pulses of power transmitted by power transmitter 12 to power load 16. The pulses generated by the transmitter 12 provide a higher instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver 32 than a continuous wave system having the same average transmitted power as the transmitter 12 to provide direct power supply at a greater distance. enable.

  The present invention relates to a system 10 for power transmission. The system 10 includes a transmitter 12 that transmits a pulse of power. The system 10 includes a receiver 32 that receives a pulse of power transmitted by the power transmitter 12 to power the load 16, and the receiver 32 transmits the pulse. Send data when not.

  The present invention relates to a method for wirelessly transmitting power to a receiver 32. The method includes sensing power with an RF power sensor 46. There is a step of transmitting power wirelessly by the transmitter 12 when the power sensed by the sensor 46 is below a threshold. Preferably, there is a step of waiting for transmitter 12 to transmit power wirelessly when the power sensed by sensor 46 exceeds a threshold.

  The present invention relates to a system 10 for power transmission. The system 10 includes a transmitter 12 that generates a pulse of power. The system 10 includes a receiver 32 disposed within or behind the attenuation medium. Receiver 32 receives power pulses to provide power to load 16.

  The present invention relates to a system 10 for power transmission. The system 10 includes a transmitter 12 that generates output power having an average value. System 10 includes a receiver 32 that receives output power to power load 16. The load 16 is powered at a distance greater than that obtained by a continuous wave system at the same average power level as the average value. The load 16 may be a battery, a circuit, or an LED.

  The present invention relates to a receiver 32 that wirelessly receives pulses of power. The receiver 32 includes a rectifier 28 that receives a pulse of power that provides a higher voltage at the receiver 32 than continuous wave power having the same average power as the pulse. Receiver 32 comprises a storage device in electrical communication with rectifier 28, which is powered by rectifier 28 and provides a predetermined continuous level of power. The receiver 32 includes a load 16 in electrical communication with the storage device, and the load 16 receives power from the storage device.

  The present invention relates to a receiver 32 that wirelessly receives pulses of power. The receiver 32 includes a rectifier 28 that receives a pulse of power, which provides an instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver 32 that is higher than continuous wave power having the same average power as the pulse, at a greater distance. Allows battery recharging. Receiver 32 includes a battery in electrical communication with rectifier 28, and the battery receives power from rectifier 28. In addition to the battery, there may be a rectifier 28 and a storage device in electrical communication with the battery, the storage device being powered by the rectifier 28 and providing a predetermined continuous level of power to the battery.

  The present invention relates to a receiver 32 that wirelessly receives pulses of power. The receiver 32 includes a rectifier 28 that receives a pulse of power, which provides an instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver 32 that is higher than continuous wave power having the same average power as the pulse, at a greater distance. Enable direct power supply. Receiver 32 comprises a storage device in electrical communication with rectifier 28, which is powered by rectifier 28 and provides a predetermined continuous level of power. The receiver 32 includes a load 16 in electrical communication with the storage device, and the load 16 receives power from the storage device.

  The present invention relates to a method for using pulses of power received wirelessly by a receiver 32. The method includes receiving a pulse of power by the rectifier 28 of the receiver 32. There is the step of providing energy from the pulse of power by the rectifier 28. There is the step of powering the load 16 using the energy from the rectifier 28.

  Current methods of radio frequency (RF) power transmission in the practice of the present invention use a continuous wave (CW) system, or fixed output power. This means that the transmitter continuously supplies a fixed amount of power to the remote unit (antenna, rectifier, device). However, the rectifier has an efficiency proportional to the power received by the antenna. In order to solve this problem, new methods of power transmission have been developed, including pulsing of transmitted power (carrier frequency on-off keying (OOK)). Transmission pulsing makes it possible to obtain an average value equivalent to that of a CW system at higher peak power levels. This concept is illustrated in FIG. It should be noted that each pulse may have a different amplitude and that the amplitude of each pulse may vary over the duration of that pulse. This means that over the duration of the pulse, the amplitude is constant line shape, increasing or decreasing ramp shape, square-wave shape, sinusoidal shape (Sine-wave shape), meaning that it may take several shapes including but not limited to sine-square-wave shape, or any other shape.

As shown in FIG. 1a, CW system provides a fixed / average power _{P 1.} Rectifier circuit, therefore, as shown in FIG. 1c, converts the power received by the efficiency E _1. Shown in 1b, the pulsed transmission method (pulsed transmission method) (PTM) also have an average power P _1, but power is not fixed. Instead, power is to obtain an average P _1, is pulsed at X times the P _1. This allows the system 10 to be equivalent to a CW system when evaluated by a regulatory agency. A major advantage of this method is the efficiency of the rectifier circuit, an increase of the E _2. This means that the device will see an increase in available power and voltage, even though the average transmitted power remains constant for both systems. An increase in direct current (DC) power is seen in FIG. 1d, with E ₁ and E ₂ corresponding to DC ₁ and DC ₂ , respectively. A block diagram representation of this system 10 can be seen in FIG. The receiving circuit may take many different forms. An example of a functional device is shown in US Pat. No. 6,615,074 (Apparatus for Energizing a Remote Station and Related Method).

  Pulsing is accomplished by first enabling both the frequency generator 20 and the amplifier 22. The enable line, enabled at this point, is then toggled on the frequency generator 20 or amplifier 22 to disable and re-enable one of those devices. This operation produces a pulsed output. As an example, if the enable line on frequency generator 20 is toggled on and off, this corresponds to the generation of RF energy followed by no RF energy. It should be noted that frequency generator 20, amplifier 22, and the enabling and disabling process may be referred to as pulse generator 14 or RF power transmitter 12.

  In order to distinguish a PTM from a CW system, it is necessary to define a minimum duration between pulses. This time is a function of the transmission frequency and is limited to half of one cycle of the output from the frequency generator 20. Although it is possible to further reduce the off time, switching during a positive or negative swing generates harmonics that are sent to the antenna 18. This means that frequencies other than the carrier wave are also transmitted, and interference with other frequency bands may result. In practice, however, switching at such a high rate is not advantageous. The response time of the frequency generator 20, amplifier and rectifier 28 is almost always longer than the short duration described. This means that the system 10 cannot respond to changes so quickly and the benefits of the PTM system 10 are reduced.

  Examples of each block are as follows.

FIG. 3 shows how the pulsed waveform is constructed using the carrier frequency. As can be seen, the pulse simply conveys the duration and amplitude of the transmitted frequency. In addition, a simple equation for determining the average power of the pulsed transmission is also shown. The resulting average of the pulsed signal is equivalent to the CW signal.

  An example of where the method may be used is in the range of 890 to 940 MHz. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lists requirements for operation in this band in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 47, section 15.243. This specification is shown in Appendix A. Regulations on this band specify that emission limits are measured using an average detector and that peak transmission is limited by section 15.35 shown in Appendix B. is doing. This regulation specifies that peak emission is limited to 20 dB (100 times) the average power specified for that frequency band. This corresponds to the restriction of X = 100 in FIG.

  Another application of PTM is in charging or recharging power storage devices, including but not limited to batteries, capacitors, or any other power storage device. PTM is well suited for charging or recharging power storage devices because it was designed to receive RF power placed in a PTM power field with a given average output power This is because any circuit produces an open circuit voltage at any distance from the transmitter 12 that is higher than a circuit placed in a CW power field having the same average output power. Open circuit voltage means the voltage shown across the output with the output of the receiver 32 circuit not connected to any load 16 and thus in the open circuit state. The open circuit voltage depends on the amount of power available to a circuit designed to receive RF power. In the PTM power transmission system 10, the output peak power is much higher than the peak power of the CW power transmission system having the same average output power. This open circuit voltage is important for charging and recharging the power storage device because if the open circuit voltage is lower than the voltage on the power storage device, no charge is transferred to the power storage device.

  As an example, assume that there are some devices that have a 3 volt (V) battery that always needs to be recharged, but they cannot be moved and the battery cannot be removed. To do. The circuit designed to receive RF power and charge the battery of the device is given the option of using either the CW power transfer system or the PTM power transfer system 10 to supply the RF power. . The device, for any power transfer system 10, is mounted on a wall 20 feet away from where the power transmitter 12 needs to be present. The only requirement given is that the average output power is 5 watts (W). This limit may be specified by regulatory agencies or by health concerns from RF exposure. In a CW system where the power transmitter outputs a constant 5 watts of RF power, the circuit designed to receive the RF power is within 10 feet of the power transmitter, It may have an open circuit voltage of 3 volts. This means that only devices that are within 10 feet of the power transmitter 12 can charge their batteries and thus the system 10 will not work for this example. means. Another option given is the PTM system 10, which allows the power transmitter 12 to have a higher peak output power, but is only on for a portion of the time that the CW power transmitter is on. Corresponding to In this case, it is selected to output 10 times the power. The PTM system 10 outputs 50 watts of peak power, and using Equation 1, it is determined that the power transmitter 12 should output RF power only over 1 / 10th the time of the CW system. May be. Thus, a PTM power transfer system 10 may be set up that outputs 50 watts for 1 second of a 10 second period and is off for the other 9 seconds. According to Equation 1, the PTM power transmitter 12 outputs, on average, the same 5 watts of RF power as the CW system. However, a 50 watt pulse from the PTM system 10 causes a circuit designed to receive RF power to produce a 3 volt open circuit voltage at about 30 feet (about 914.4 cm) during the pulse. This means that a 3V charge storage device, such as but not limited to a battery, may be charged or recharged. With the increased distance or range compared to the CW system, it is easy to see that the obvious choice for implementing this charging solution is the PTM system 10. An example of this can be seen in FIG.

  The open circuit voltage of the PTM system 10 may be approximated using the following analysis.

Open circuit voltage V _OC-CW of the CW system, as shown in the following equation, the electric field strength E of the incoming wave by multiplying the effective height h _e antenna 18 may be easily calculated by those skilled in the art .

The electric field strength may be related to the transmitted power by the following equation.

Where P _T is the transmitted power, G _T is the gain of the transmitter 12, η is the free space impedance, r is between the RF power transmitter 12 and the RF power harvesting antenna 18. Distance.

Combining the previous two equations shows that the open circuit voltage at a given point in space is directly proportional to the square root of the transmitted power, as shown in the following equation.

Thus, the open circuit voltage V _OC-PTM of the PTM system 10 may be related to the open circuit voltage of the CW system by the square root of X, where X is compared to the CW power level in FIG. This is shown as an increase in pulse amplitude. This equation is shown below.

  This analysis was verified using a circuit designed to receive RF power and convert RF power to DC power. The circuit was matched to a 50 ohm input and the circuit was designed to have no load 16. The voltage measured was a DC open circuit voltage. For a CW power transfer system where a given input power level was applied to the circuit, the open circuit voltage was shown to be 2.275 volts. This is not enough voltage to charge the 3 volt battery from the previous example. When switching to the PTM power transfer system 10 where the peak pulse power is twice that of the CW system, but is on for half the time and therefore the average power is the same as the CW system, the open circuit voltage during the pulse is 3. It was 3 volts. The circuit easily gained enough power to charge the battery from the previous example. From the above analysis, the value of the open circuit voltage of the PTM system 10 in the pulse divided by the open circuit voltage of the CW system must be equal to the square root of the pulse multiplier, in this case 2. Thus, 3.3 volts divided by 2.275 is 1.45, which is substantially equal to the square root of 2, or 1.414. In summary, the use of the PTM power transfer system 10 allows recharging of the power storage device with a lower average power than the CW power transfer system.

  In a manner similar to increasing the given power level, or the distance at which an open circuit voltage may be received, by a circuit designed to receive RF power, the PTM system 10 It may be used to penetrate areas that are not possible with CW systems. As an example, there are two rooms separated by a thick wall next to each other. Because the wall between the rooms attenuates the transmitted power signal, the CW power transmission system set up in room 1 is in room 2 at the current average output power intended by system 10. No circuit designed to receive RF power can be powered. Instead of increasing the average output power of the CW system so that a reach into room 2 is obtained, a PTM power transfer system 10 may be implemented in room 1. This PTM system 10 allows the same average power to be output from the system 10, but because of the higher peak output power of the pulse, a circuit designed to receive RF power in room 2. Can now receive power from the PTM system 10 at an available voltage level. Usable voltage levels include, but are not limited to, the minimum voltage required to operate the circuit in a direct power supply application and / or for recharging the power storage device, It should be noted that it may be defined as the voltage of the battery or storage element. It should also be noted that devices that do not include a power storage device, such as but not limited to a battery or supercapacitor, are considered to be powered directly.

  Similar examples are examples of supplying power to an embedded or immersed device contained within a human, animal, other organism, or other attenuation medium. Many medical devices are becoming smaller and can be safely implanted within the human or animal body. However, these medical devices still require power, whether it is a battery or some form of wireless power transfer. Wireless power transfer is an ideal solution because devices with batteries will eventually need to be replaced. However, similar to the above example having two rooms separated by an attenuation wall, the body still has an attenuation effect on the transmitted power signal. When using a CW power transfer system, the available voltage levels for powering the RF power-harvesting device directly or for charging or recharging the power storage device are: High average output power from the transmitter is required to receive after the signal has been attenuated. This is dangerous for the associated human or animal because the high average power level of RF energy causes heat to be generated in the body as it is attenuated or dissipated into the human or animal body. Because it causes heating, alteration, damage or killing of cells and tissues. When using the PTM power transfer system 10, a much lower average power level of RF energy enters the body and at the same time into a circuit designed to penetrate the attenuator and receive RF power. By allowing RF power to be supplied at a usable voltage level, this problem is eliminated.

  Another advantage of PTM is the increase in received voltage for a given transmitter 12 power level. As an example, security sensor 46 may require 20 microwatts (μW) of power to operate at a minimum usable voltage of 1.8 volts. Sensor 46 may be required to operate at a distance of 30 feet (about 914.4 cm). The limiting factor in this example is most likely the voltage required by sensor 46, not the amount of power required. More specifically, sensor 46 may receive 20 μW of power at a distance of 30 feet, but the voltage may be significantly lower than 1.8 volts. In order to compensate for the low voltage level at the receiver 32, a continuous-wave transmitter is used to allow the receiver 32 to supply 1.8 volts to the sensor 46 (approximately 30 feet). More power needs to be transmitted, resulting in greater than 20 μW at 914.4 cm). However, in the PTM system 10, the pulse amplitude, or peak output power, may be set by examining the minimum voltage required by the sensor 46, and the duty cycle of the pulse waveform is required by the sensor 46. It may be set according to the amount of power to be generated. Accordingly, for the example shown, the CW system may provide 500 μW at a distance of 30 feet to obtain 1.8 volts. The PTM system 10 uses the same pulse peak power level as the CW system to provide 1.8 volts to the sensor 46. However, the PTM system 10 uses a 4 percent (20 μW / 500 μW) duty cycle to provide the sensor 46 with only the 20 μW required by the sensor 46. As a result, the PTM system 10 meets the requirements of the sensor 46 by using an average transmitted power that is 96% less than the power transmitted in the CW system.

  The present invention is at any frequency and is not limited to any dipole, dipole array, monopole, patch, Yagi, helical, horn, dish, corner reflector, panel or any other antenna 18, or any other It should be noted that the antenna 18 is used to operate. These antennas 18 may have any polarization, such as, but not limited to, straight, horizontal, vertical, circle, ellipse, double, double circle, double ellipse, or any other polarization. It may be designed. The method further operates with multiple antennas 18 connected to one transmitter 12 and using any type of polarization described above and any polarization described above.

  Tests were conducted in the 98 MHz FM radio band. Tests were conducted in a shielded room to avoid interference with wireless services. Using a constant period of 100 milliseconds (ms) and 1 second, the pulse duty cycle was varied from 100 percent (CW) to 1 percent. These are shown in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively. The amplitude of the pulse was adjusted to obtain an average power of 1 milliwatt (mW). The table shows the various duty cycles tested and the DC voltage and power converted by the receiver 32. The receiving circuit is shown in FIG. As can be seen from Table 3, by changing the duty cycle from 100% to 1%, the received DC voltage increases about 10 times and the power increases about 100 times.

  Another example of a frequency band that may be useful when implementing the method includes the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Band (ISM). This band regulates industrial, scientific, and medical equipment that emits electromagnetic energy on frequencies in the radio frequency spectrum to prevent harmful interference to licensed wireless communication services. Provided. These bands include: 6.78 MHz ± 15 KHz, 13.56 MHz ± 7 KHz, 27.12 MHz ± 163 KHz, 40.68 MHz ± 20 KHz, 915 MHz ± 13 MHz, 2450 MHz ± 50 MHz, 5800 MHz ± 75 MHz, 24125 MHz ± 125 MHz, 61.25 GHz ± 250 MHz, 122.5 GHz ± 500 MHz and 245 GHz ± 1 GHz.

The pulsed transmission system 10 has a number of advantages. Some of them are listed below.
1. Increasing the efficiency of the rectifier 28 increases the overall efficiency of the system 10. To help illustrate this statement, the data in Table 3 is reviewed. The CW system (100% duty cycle) was able to receive and convert 0.255 μW of power, whereas 1.00% PTM captured 27.821 μW. This is an increase in efficiency over 10,000%.
2. A larger output voltage can be obtained when the average is compared to a CW system. This is caused by the increased efficiency of the rectifier 28. This is also the cause of the large power pulse that produces a large voltage pulse at the input to the filter 30 of FIG. Large voltage pulses are filtered and provide a larger voltage, assuming the load 16 is large.
3. The increased efficiency of the system 10 allows the use of less average transmit power to obtain the same received DC power. This brings the following advantages:
a. Due to the decrease in average transmitted power, the human safety distance from the transmitter 12 is reduced. (Human Safety Distance is transmitted to ensure that humans are not exposed to higher RF field strengths than permitted by the FCC human safety regulations. A term used to describe how far a person must be from a source, for example, the allowed field intensity for exposure of the general population at 915 MHz is 0.61 mW / cm ² .)
b. Less average transmitter 12 power allows operation in a larger number of bands, including bands that do not require a license, such as the Industrial Science and Medical (ISM) band.
c. For licensed bands, a decrease in average transmitter 12 power leads to a decrease in the amount of licensed power.
4). By using the PTM power transfer system 10, the power storage device can be recharged at a lower average output power than the CW power transfer system.
5. Without increasing the average output power of the transmitter 12 in the system 10, at higher distances, higher power levels and DC open circuit voltages are possible, but also penetrate objects that attenuate RF energy. It is also possible to supply power.

  Although there are current patents similar to the methods described, their basic approach to the problem is for a different purpose. U.S. Pat. No. 6,664,770 describes a system for supplying power to a remote device including a direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter using a pulse modulated carrier frequency. The DC-DC converter is used to convert the level of the input DC voltage up or down depending on the topology chosen. In this case, a boost converter is used to increase the input voltage. For the purpose of increasing the received voltage, the device derives its power from the incoming field, and further uses the modulation contained in the signal to make a transistor (the basic in a DC-DC converter). Switching). The waveforms described herein have characteristics similar to those described in the referenced patents. The system 10 described herein has a number of differences. The proposed receiver 32 does not include a DC-DC converter. In fact, the method was developed for the purpose of increasing the received DC voltage without the need for a DC-DC converter. Furthermore, the modulation contained in the proposed signal is not intended for use as a clock to drive the switching transistor. Its purpose is to allow the use of large peak power to increase the efficiency of the rectifier circuit, so that there is no need for a DC-DC converter or a derivation of the clock from the incoming pulsed signal. Without increasing the output voltage of the receiver 32.

  As mentioned above, the pulsed waveform is not intended for use as a clock signal. Since the pulsed waveform alone does not produce a sufficiently large voltage increase (due to increased efficiency), if a DC-DC converter 42 is required in the receiving circuit, the DC-DC converter 42 is a rectifier. Implemented using an on-board clock generated using 28 pure DC outputs. Generation of the clock within the receiver 32 is more efficient than including additional circuitry to derive the clock from the input pulse waveform, and thus provides greater receiver 32 efficiency than the referenced patent. I know that. FIG. 5 shows how this system 10 is implemented.

  Lucent Digital Radio, Inc., a venture company between Lucent Technologies and Pequot Capital Management, Inc., is testing to integrate digital radio services into existing analog radio signals without interacting with current services. Recently done and successful. As this is shown, it has been found advantageous to integrate power transfer signals such as those described herein into existing RF equipment (radio, television, mobile phone, etc.). Is possible. This allows the station to provide content along with power to devices in a specific area.

  It should be noted that pulsing output power from the transmitter (OOK) also produces a pulsed output from the rectifier in the receiving circuit. As an example, if the transmitted power is pulsed at 60 Hz using a 50 percent duty cycle, the on-time will be about 8.3 ms and the off-time will be about 8.3 ms. This means that the rectifier does not supply current to the load during the off period. Therefore, it may be necessary to add a storage element to the output of the rectifier to ensure that the output voltage or current does not drop more than a predetermined value during the pulse off period. As an example, a storage capacitor may be included at the output of the rectifier. The storage capacitor may also be viewed as a filter that is used to remove the frequency of the pulse power. This filter capacitor should not be confused with the filter capacitor used in the rectifier to remove the carrier from the DC output. In most cases, the pulse frequency and the carrier frequency require significantly different frequencies and therefore require different filtering elements. As an example, the output of the rectifier may include a 100 pF high-Q capacitor to remove the 915 MHz carrier frequency with minimal loss. The pulse frequency may be 60 Hz, which is much larger than that used in the rectifier to store energy during the 8.3 ms off period (or to filter the pulses) Requires a capacitor.

Pulse transmission method-2
When multiple transmitters 12 are used, the pulse transmission method provides a solution to another common problem called phase cancellation. This problem occurs when two (or more) waves interact. If one wave is 180 degrees out of phase with the other, the opposite phase cancels and little or no power is available, and the region becomes invalid. The pulse transmission method alleviates this problem due to its non-CW characteristics. This allows multiple transmitters 12 to be used simultaneously without cancellation by assigning a time slot to each transmitter 12 such that only one pulse is active at a given time. If the number of transmitters 12 is small, the probability of pulse collision is low, so no time slot may be required. The hardware of system 10 is shown in FIG. 6a and the signals are shown in FIG. 6b. The control signal is used to activate each transmitter 12 over its assigned time slot. The time slot selector 38 enables or disables the transmit block by providing a signal to the frequency generator 20 and / or amplifier 22 in a number of ways, including but not limited to the microcontroller 48. May be implemented.

  The time slot selector 38 may also be designed to be wireless so that each transmitter 12 can operate independently. The time slot selector 38 can sense when another RF power transmitter 12 near the RF power transmitter 12 is transmitting RF power, such as but not limited to the one shown in FIG. The RF power sensing device may be implemented in a number of ways, including but not limited to adding to the transmitter 12. The RF power sensor 46 may include at least one antenna 18, rectifier 28 or RF-DC converter 36, and / or filter 30, such as, but not limited to, an RF energy harvesting circuit (RF energy harvesting circuit). When the time slot selector 38 senses that RF power has already been transmitted from another RF power transmitter 12 (ie, the output from the power sensor exceeds a threshold such as a voltage threshold) The RF power transmitter 12 waits for a specified period of time, such as but not limited to one pulse duration, to sense RF power again and no other RF power is being transmitted. Transmit RF power (ie, when the output from the power sensor is below a threshold). Control of the RF power transmitter 12 may be performed by a microcontroller 48 in communication with an RF power sensor 46, such as, but not limited to, output from the microcontroller 48 as shown in FIG. May be used to control the RF power transmitter 12 by use of the enable or gain control 26 line shown in the numerous figures described herein. The microcontroller 48 may include an analog-to-digital converter 36, a voltage comparator, or a standard input pin for sensing the presence of RF power pulses from another RF power transmitter 12. Whether the microprocessor sends an RF power pulse, or waits for a predetermined time period before sending an RF power pulse, depending on the status of the analog-to-digital converter 36, voltage comparator, or standard input pin May be determined. FIG. 9 shows an algorithm that may be used by microcontroller 48 to determine the timing of transmitted RF power pulses.

  In certain applications, the time slot selector 38 has the purpose of sensing the RF power obtained from other RF power transmitters 12, and the equivalent field strength generated by any pulse overlap (if any). An RF power sensor 46, such as, but not limited to, that used to adjust the output of the corresponding RF power transmitter 12 to ensure that regulatory limits are not exceeded. May be. The equivalent field strength of other RF power transmitters 12 can be used to determine the voltage, current, and / or power level from the output of the RF power sensing device in communication with the controller or in a number of diagrams described herein. By using an analog-to-digital converter 36, a voltage comparator, or other application specific voltage, current, and / or power level sensing circuitry directly connected to the enable or gain control 26 line shown. May be determined by measuring. An example of this method can be seen in FIG.

  In certain applications, it may be advantageous to have overlap within the time slot, which is controlled by the time slot selector 38 using the amplitude and time slot controlled using the RF power sensor 46. It may be controlled. The RF power sensor 46 may include at least one antenna 18, rectifier 28 or RF-DC converter 36, and / or filter 30, such as, but not limited to, an RF energy harvesting circuit (RF energy harvesting circuit). The output of the RF power sensor 46 includes, but is not limited to, a microcontroller 48, an analog, for the purpose of determining whether the RF power transmitter is currently transmitting RF power pulses and the amplitude of the corresponding pulse. The output of the RF power sensor 46 may be connected to a device, such as a digital converter 36, a voltage level detection circuit, or the RF power pulse transmission shown in a number of figures described herein; It may be directly connected to the enable or gain control 26 line on the RF amplifier 22 in the generator 12 or pulse generator 14.

  Note that the RF power sensor 46 may use its own antenna 18 or may share the antenna 18 with the RF power transmitter 12, as shown in FIGS. 11a) and 11b), respectively. Should. The switching control of the antenna 18 may be performed using the same microcontroller 48 in communication with the RF power sensor 46, or a switch may be implemented using a circulator or directional coupler. In certain applications, an enable or pulse generator 14 is used to ensure that the output of the RF amplifier 22 is never active while the RF power sensor 46 is connected to the antenna 18. It may be advantageous to control the operation of the antenna 18 switch.

Pulse transmission method-3
A somewhat easier way to achieve a multiple transmitter 12, multiple frequency pulse transmission method is to manufacture each transmitter 12 using exactly the same parts and design. Those skilled in the art know that all parts have tolerances based on slight manufacturing changes and temperature changes from part to part. Thus, the manufacture of two or more identical transmitters 12 has the result that they have a slight variation in the frequency generated by the frequency generator 20 and the amplitude of the output signal. Bring. These variations may be caused by separately manufactured parts, or may be the result of one transmitter 12 being placed in a position that is slightly warmer than the other transmitters. These slight differences between the same transmitter 12 substantially place the same transmitter 12 on a slightly different frequency or channel, resulting in the results shown in FIG. A slight difference in frequency ensures that at a given point in space, signals from multiple transmitters 12 will always drift between out-of-phase and in- Means that they interfere destructively at later times, and they constructively interfere at later times, and thus mean received power is the same as without interference. .

Pulse Transmission Methods-Variations There are a number of extensions of the three methods previously described herein. Such extensions include, but are not limited to:

  Modification 1 Variant of Technology 1—The carrier does not go to zero completely, and maintains a finite value to provide a low power state such as a sleep mode of the device. This method is illustrated by the block diagram of FIG. 13a and the pulse waveform of FIG. 13b. The blocks are described in Table 1. The enable signal line is replaced by a gain control 26 line that is used to adjust the level of the output signal. The gain control 26 line may be implemented in a number of ways. On the frequency generator 20, the gain control 26 line is a serial input to a phase locked loop (PLL) that is used to program an internal register that has a number of responsibilities including adjustment of the output power of the device. May be. The gain control 26 on the amplifier 22 may be just a resistive divider that is used to adjust the gate voltage on the amplifier 22 and consequently change the gain of the amplifier 22. It should be noted that the gain control 26 line may adjust the amplifier 22 to have both positive and negative gain. This is true for all references to the gain control 26 line within this specification.

  Variation 2 Variant of Technique 1—Transmitter 12 may sequentially pulse different frequencies to reduce the average power for that channel. Each frequency and / or pulse may have a different amplitude. In FIG. 14a, each frequency generator 20 generates a different frequency. All these frequencies are fed into a frequency selector 39 which determines the correct frequency and sends it to the amplifier 22. This block may be implemented using a microcontroller 48 and a coaxial switch. Microcontroller 48 is programmed using an algorithm that activates the correct coaxial switch within the appropriate time slot to generate the waveform of FIG. 14b. Multiple frequency generators 20 may be implemented using a single component capable of changing the output frequency, such as, but not limited to, a PLL, so that the need for frequency selector 39 is There is a possibility of disappearing. This is true for all methods where multiple frequency generators 20 are required.

  Modification 3 Variation of Technique 2-Each transmitter 12 and / or frequency may have a different amplitude. In the block diagram of FIG. 15a, gain control 26 has been added to generate the various output signal levels shown in FIG. 15b.

  Variation 4 Variant of Technique 3—To eliminate the need for multiple transmission units, one transmitter 12 may be used to transmit all channel frequencies sequentially. This is similar to a CW system using frequency hopping, but no data is transmitted and the purpose is for power harvesting. Each channel may have a different amplitude. All these frequencies are fed into a frequency selector 39 which determines the correct frequency and sends it to the amplifier 22. This block may be implemented using a microcontroller 48 and a coaxial switch. The enable is removed because of the continuous nature of the output signal. A block diagram of this method can be seen in FIG. 16a and the pulse waveform is shown in FIG. 16b.

  Variation 5 Variation of Technique 4—This waveform (multiple frequencies) may be pulsed as described in Method 1. The single frequency, constant amplitude pulse in Method 1 is replaced by a pulse containing a time slot. Each time slot may have a different frequency and amplitude. An enable line has been added to allow the system 10 to turn the output on and off for pulsing. The gain control 26 line, the enable line, and the frequency selector 39 function as described above. A block diagram of this method is seen in FIG. 17a and the pulse waveform is shown in FIG. 17b.

  Variation 6 Variation of Technique 3—Each transmitter 12 and / or frequency may have a different amplitude. A gain control 26 line has been added to allow the output signal level to be changed. A block diagram of this method can be seen in FIG.

  Variant 7 Variant of Technique 4—Multiple transmitters 12 may transmit all channel frequencies sequentially, and each channel may occur in a different time slot at a different transmitter 12. In this method, a control signal (Control signal) for synchronizing a plurality of transmitters 12 at a plurality of frequencies in such a manner that each transmitter 12 is always on a different channel compared to the other transmitters 12. Is used. The system 10 also includes a gain control 26 for changing the output level of each transmitter 12. The control line may be driven by a microcontroller 48 programmed using an algorithm aimed at assigning each transmitter 12 a different frequency for the current time slot. In the next time slot, the microcontroller 48 changes the frequency assignment and at the same time ensures that all transmitters 12 are operating on separate channels. The gain control 26 of each transmitter 12 may be controlled by the same main microcontroller 48, or may be controlled by a microcontroller 48 that is local to that transmitter 12. The enable line allows the transmitter 12 to do so if it finds beneficial to disable itself. A block diagram of this method can be seen in FIG. 19a and the pulse waveform is shown in FIG. 19b.

Note It should be noted that the pulse width and period of the sequential pulse may change over time. Further, the duration of each time slot may be different and may vary with time.

  If the remotely powered device is a wireless sensor 46 or other device that returns report data to the base station at intervals, the concern is to power the device or to store power That is, the RF power signal (whether CW or PTM) used to charge the device can interfere with the wireless device transmitting the data. In the case of PTM, the wireless device senses when a pulse is entering and transmits its data during the off period of the pulse (using an antenna separate from or shared with the power system). May be designed to do. This effectively eliminates any interference to the wireless device that transmits data periodically. This is another advantage over the CW system that PTM has. The CW system is always on, so the potential for interference is much greater.

  For communication purposes, data may be included in the pulse. This is accomplished by including a data line in the frequency generator 20 shown in the previous figures. This line is used to modulate the carrier frequency. Receiver 32 includes additional equipment for extracting data from the input signal. This is illustrated in FIG.

  The present invention should not be confused with power transfer by inductive coupling, which requires the device to be relatively close to the power transmission source. In the RFID Handbook by author Klaus Finkenzeller, the inductive coupling region is defined as the distance between the transmitter and the receiver being less than 0.16 times lambda, where lambda is the wavelength of the RF wave. The proposed invention may be implemented in near-field regions (sometimes referred to as inductive regions) and in far-field regions. The far-field region is a distance greater than 0.16 times lambda.

  Although the foregoing description details preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that modifications, additions and changes to those embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Will be understood by those skilled in the art.

Brief Description of Drawings
1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a pulse transmission technique of the present invention. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a pulse transmission technique of the present invention. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a pulse transmission technique of the present invention. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a pulse transmission technique of the present invention. It is a block diagram of the transmission system of this invention. Fig. 4 shows how a pulsed waveform is constructed using the carrier frequency. Fig. 4 shows an example of recharging a battery using a pulsed transmission method system. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a receiver having a clock generator. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of multiple transmitters, single frequency, multiple time slots. FIG. 6b is a pulse as a function of time associated with the embodiment shown in FIG. 6a. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a time slot selector implemented using an RF power sensor that includes an RF energy harvesting circuit. 2 is a block diagram of a microprocessor in communication with an RF power sensor for controlling an RF power transmitter. FIG. An algorithm that may be used by the controlling microprocessor. 1 is a block diagram of an RF power sensor connected to circuitry used to provide a digital signal to a microprocessor for controlling an RF power transmitter. FIG. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an RF power sensor implemented using a separate antenna. 1 is a block diagram of an RF power sensor implemented using an RF power transmit antenna. FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention without multiple transmitters, multiple frequencies, and time slots. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a single transmitter, single frequency, non-zero return embodiment of the present invention. 13b is a graph of power versus time associated with the embodiment shown in FIG. 13a. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a single transmitter, multiple frequency, multiple time slot embodiment of the present invention. 14b is a graph of power versus time associated with the embodiment shown in FIG. 14a. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a multiple transmitter, single frequency, multiple time slot embodiment of the present invention. 15b is a graph of power versus time associated with the embodiment shown in FIG. 15a. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a single transmitter, multiple frequency, multiple timeslot, non-zero return embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 16b is a power versus time graph associated with the embodiment shown in Fig. 16a. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a single transmitter, multiple frequency, multiple time slot, zero return embodiment of the present invention. 18 is a power versus time graph associated with the embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for multiple transmitters, multiple frequencies, no time slots, and amplitude variation. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of multiple transmitters, multiple frequencies, multiple time slots, and amplitude changes. 19b is a graph of power versus time associated with FIG. 19a. It is a block diagram of the receiver containing a data extraction apparatus. Figure 3 shows the body and attenuation medium for the present invention.

Claims (39)

A transmitter for wirelessly transmitting power to a receiver to supply power to a load,
A pulse generator for generating a pulse of power;
A transmitter comprising a power sensor capable of sensing when another transmitter is transmitting to cause the generator to transmit the pulse when appropriate.   The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the power sensor is in communication with the pulse generator.   The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the power sensor is in communication with a microcontroller that controls the pulse generator.   The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the power sensor is in communication with an analog-to-digital converter in communication with a microcontroller controlling the pulse generator. A power sensor for a transmitter pulse generator, capable of sensing when other transmitters are transmitting to ensure that the generator transmits the pulses when appropriate A power sensor,
An antenna,
A power sensor comprising an analog-to-digital converter, a voltage comparator or an input pin. A system for power transmission,
A transmitter that transmits a pulse of power and senses when other transmitters are transmitting to cause the generator to transmit the pulse when appropriate;
A receiver for receiving the pulse of power transmitted by the power transmitter to supply power to a load.   The system of claim 6, wherein the receiver transmits data when the transmitter is not transmitting a pulse. A method for transmitting power to a receiver to supply power to a load, comprising:
Generating a pulse of power using a pulse generator;
Transmitting the pulse based on a power sensor capable of sensing when another transmitter is transmitting to ensure that the generator transmits the pulse at an appropriate time. Including. An apparatus for transmitting power to a receiver to supply power to a load,
A plurality of transmitters, each of the plurality of transmitters generating a pulse of power, and each of the plurality of transmitters senses when the transmitter is generating the pulse; Capable of having an associated sensor so that the associated transmitter transmits the pulses received by the receiver at an appropriate time to power the load. Device possible. A method for transmitting power to a receiver to supply power to a load, comprising:
Generating a pulse of power from a plurality of transmitters, each of the plurality of transmitters having an associated sensor capable of sensing when the transmitter is generating the pulses. , Whereby the associated transmitter is capable of transmitting the pulses received by the receiver at an appropriate time to power the load. A system for power transmission,
A transmitter for transmitting a pulse of power having an average transmitted power; and
Receiving a pulse of the power transmitted by the power transmitter to power a load, the pulse generated by the transmitter having the same average as the transmitter A system that provides a higher voltage at the receiver than a continuous wave system with transmitted power. A system for power transmission,
A transmitter that transmits a pulse of power; and
A receiver adapted to be placed in a patient, the receiver receiving the pulse of power transmitted by the power transmitter to power a load ,system. A system for power transmission,
A transmitter for transmitting a pulse of power having an average transmitted power; and
Receiving a pulse of the power transmitted by the power transmitter to power a load, the pulse generated by the transmitter having the same average as the transmitter A system that provides a higher instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver than a continuous wave system with transmitted power, allowing recharging of the battery at a greater distance. A system for power transmission,
A transmitter for transmitting a pulse of power having an average transmitted power; and
Receiving a pulse of the power transmitted by the power transmitter to power a load, the pulse generated by the transmitter having the same average as the transmitter A system that provides a higher instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver than a continuous wave system with transmitted power, allowing direct power supply at greater distances. A system for power transmission,
A transmitter that transmits a pulse of power; and
A receiver that receives the pulse of power transmitted by the power transmitter to supply power to a load, wherein the transmitter transmits data when the transmitter is not transmitting a pulse. A system comprising: A method for transmitting power wirelessly to a receiver,
Sensing power with an RF power sensor;
Wirelessly transmitting power by a transmitter when the power sensed by the sensor is below a threshold.   17. The method of claim 16, comprising waiting for power to be transmitted wirelessly by the transmitter if the power sensed by the sensor exceeds the threshold.   The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the pulse generator includes a frequency generator having an output and an amplifier in communication with the frequency generator.   19. The transmitter of claim 18, including an enabler that controls the frequency generator or the amplifier to form the pulse.   The transmitter of claim 19, wherein the enabler defines a time interval between pulses.   21. The transmitter of claim 20, wherein the time interval is greater than half of one cycle of the frequency generator output.   The transmitter of claim 21, wherein the power of the transmitted pulse is equivalent to an average power of a continuous wave power transmission system. The average power P _average of the pulses is

The transmitter of claim 22, determined by:   The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the pulse generator generates a continuous amount of power between pulses.   The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the pulse generator sequentially generates pulses at various output frequencies.   The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the pulse generator generates pulses at various amplitudes.   The pulse generator includes a plurality of frequency generators, an amplifier, and a frequency selector, and the frequency selector is in communication with the frequency generator and the amplifier, and determines a correct frequency to determine the frequency generator. 27. The transmitter of claim 26, wherein the transmitter sends to the amplifier.   The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the pulse generator transmits data during the pulse.   The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the pulse generator transmits data within the pulse.   The transmitter of claim 18, comprising gain control that controls the frequency generator or the amplifier to form the pulse.   32. The transmitter of claim 30, wherein the gain control defines a time interval between pulses. A system for power transmission,
A transmitter for generating a pulse of power; and
A receiver disposed within or behind an attenuation medium, wherein the receiver receives the pulse of power to power a load. A system for power transmission,
A transmitter that generates output power having an average value;
A receiver for receiving the output power to supply power to the load, wherein the load has power at a distance greater than that obtained by a continuous wave system at the same average power level as the average value. Supplied with the system.   34. The system of claim 33, wherein the load is a battery, circuit, or LED. A system for power transmission,
A transmitter that transmits a pulse of power; and
Receiving a pulse of the power transmitted by the transmitter to supply power to the load, the load having a predetermined power requirement, and the transmitter being fixed A system that uses less average output power than a transmitter that outputs a greater amount of power to meet the predetermined power requirement. A receiver for receiving a pulse of power wirelessly,
A rectifier for receiving the pulse of power, wherein the pulse provides a higher voltage at the receiver than continuous wave power having the same average power as the pulse;
A storage device in electrical communication with the rectifier and powered by the rectifier to provide a predetermined continuous level of power;
A receiver comprising a load in electrical communication with the storage device and receiving power from the storage device. A receiver for receiving a pulse of power wirelessly,
A rectifier that receives the pulse of power, the pulse providing an instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver that is higher than continuous wave power having the same average power as the pulse, and at a greater distance of the battery. A rectifier that allows recharging, and
A receiver comprising a battery in electrical communication with the rectifier and receiving power from the rectifier. A receiver for receiving a pulse of power wirelessly,
A rectifier that receives the pulse of power, the pulse providing an instantaneous open circuit voltage at the receiver that is higher than continuous wave power having the same average power as the pulse, at a greater distance, directly A rectifier that enables a reliable power supply,
A storage device in electrical communication with the rectifier and powered by the rectifier to provide a predetermined continuous level of power;
A receiver comprising a load in electrical communication with the storage device and receiving power from the storage device. A method for using a pulse of power received wirelessly by a receiver comprising:
Receiving the pulse of power by the rectifier of the receiver;
Providing energy from the pulse of power by the rectifier;
Using the energy from the rectifier to power the load.

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