JP2009542781A - ジアミノフェノチアジニウム化合物の調製方法 - Google Patents
ジアミノフェノチアジニウム化合物の調製方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
−水素原子、
−ハロゲン原子およびC1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6アルキルオキシカルボニル、または−CONH2官能基から選択された1個または複数の官能基で必要に応じて置換された、飽和または不飽和の直鎖状、分枝状、または環状C1〜C6アルキル基、
−C1〜C4アルキル、ハロゲン原子およびC1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6アルキルオキシカルボニル、または−CONH2官能基から選択された、1個または複数の官能基で必要に応じて置換されたアリール基
からなる群から選択することができ、
図1(I)中に続けて配置された2個のRi基(i=1、2、...、10)は、環が形成されるように一緒になってもよいことが理解され、例えばR1とR5、またはR5とR6、R7とR8、R8とR3、R3とR4、R4とR9、R10とR2、またはR2とR1は、第4の環が形成されるように必要に応じて置換された単一のアルキル鎖からなるものでよく、
さらに、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9およびR10のそれぞれは、互いに独立に、ハロゲン原子:F、Cl、BrおよびIから選択することができ、
X−は、有機または無機陰イオンを表す)。
−C1〜C4アルキル、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C4ハロアルキル、およびニトロ基から選択された1個または複数の官能基で必要に応じて置換された、フェニルまたはベンジル基、
−直鎖状、分枝状、または環状C1〜C8アルキル基、
−C1〜C8アルキルアミノ基、
−C1〜C8アルコキシ基、
−C1〜C4アルキル、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C4ハロアルキル、およびニトロ基から選択された1個または複数の官能基で、芳香核上で必要に応じて置換された、フェニルオキシまたはベンジルオキシ基
から選択された基を表し、
Zは、OおよびSから選択された原子を表す)。
−XがClまたはOHを表すこと、
−同一でも異なっていてもよいR1、R2、R3およびR4が、水素原子およびメチルから選択されること、
−R6が水素原子を表すこと、
−R7が水素原子を表すこと、
−ZがOを表すこと
の1つまたは複数を満たすことがより有利である。
−ヨーロッパ薬局方5.4(2006年4月刊行)の条件下でHPLCによって測定した場合の純度が97%よりも高く、好ましくは98%よりも高く、さらにより好ましくは99%よりも高く、
−アルミニウムのレベルが5μg/g未満、有利には4μg/g未満、さらにより有利には3μg/g未満であり、
−カドミウムのレベルが0.1μg/g未満、有利には0.05μg/g未満、さらにより有利には0.02μg/g未満であり、
−スズのレベルが0.5μg/g未満、有利には0.4μg/g未満、さらにより有利には0.3μg/g未満である。
市販のメチレンブルーを、図1のプロセスに従って精製する。
下記の物質を、窒素下に、スターラを備えた120Lのジャケット付き反応器内に導入する:
−蒸留水80L、
−大量の金属不純物(Al、Fe、Cu、Cr)を含む、照会番号CI52015としてLeancare Ltd社から販売されているメチレンブルー4.2kg(10.7モル)。
撹拌を停止させた後、混合物を15分間沈殿させることによって分離し、上澄みを引き上げる。水80l(25体積)を添加し、撹拌および沈殿による分離の後、上澄みを再び引き上げる。EtOH24Lを添加し、約5分間撹拌した後、水16Lを添加する。15分間撹拌した後、混合物を受け器に通して濾過する。この操作を3回繰り返す。乾燥後、ベンゾイルロイコメチレンブルー2.9kg(収率:66%)が得られる。
CH2Cl230Lに可溶化した、第1のステップから得られたベンゾイルロイコメチレンブルー4.25kgを使用する。溶液を、CH2Cl230Lで濯ぎを行いながら、シリカ(Merck Gerudan Si60)(11.5kg)3部およびFontainebleauの砂0.5kgに通して濾過する。CH2Cl2は、真空蒸発させることによって除去する。エタノール6Lを添加する。混合物を冷気中で撹拌したままにし、次いで受け器に通して濾過する。得られた生成物を真空乾燥する。精製したベンゾイルロイコメチレンブルー3.4kgが得られる(収率:80%)。
純度:+99%HPLC
金属:金属の含量(単位:μg/g)を、3つの試験に関して表1に示す。
下記の物質:
−アセトニトリル(ACN)45L、
−第2のステップから得られたベンゾイルロイコメチレンブルー1.6kgを、周囲温度で100Lのジャケット付きエナメル加工反応器内に導入し、撹拌する。混合物を、周囲温度で30分間撹拌し、次いで温度を−18℃まで下げる。ACN4L中に可溶化したDDQ950gを、一度に添加する。混合物を、−18℃で2時間撹拌したままにする。濾過を行う。3,7−ビス(ジメチルアミノ)フェノチアジンとDDQとの複合体が得られ、これを後続のステップで直接使用する。
第3のステップから得られたケークを、いくつかの小片に分けて、ジャケット付きエナメル加工反応器内に再導入する。EtOAc 4Lを添加する。混合物を周囲温度で30分間撹拌したままにし、温度を−18℃まで下げる。EtOAc 16LにHCl 2.5kgを溶かしたもの(4N溶液)を添加する。混合物を、−18℃で2時間撹拌する。混合物を濾過し、次いでケークを反応器内に再導入する。EtOAc 30Lを−18℃で添加し、混合物を再び濾過する。
アセトン30Lを添加し、その後、水500ml中にNaOH200gを可溶化した溶液を添加する。混合物を濾過する。第4のステップから得られた生成物を、アセトン30Lと共に反応器内に導入する。媒体を、周囲温度で1時間撹拌する。pHは4.0である。媒体を濾過する。これを受け器上で、真空中に放置する。
第5のステップからの生成物1.9kg、およびCH2Cl2/EtOHが50/50の混合物30Lを、周囲温度のN2下で、40Lのエナメル加工した反応器内に導入する。得られた混合物を還流する(43℃)。これを、マイクロファイバーフィルター(Whatman GF/D)で、高温条件下で濾過する。この操作を2回実施する。反応器を、脱塩水で清浄化する。濾液を反応器内に再導入する。溶媒24リットルを、28℃で真空蒸留する(3時間)。媒体を反応器内に戻す。精密濾過した水1Lを添加する。混合物を−18℃まで冷却する。EtOAc 40Lを添加し、得られた混合物を、冷気中で一晩撹拌したままにする。これを濾過する。EtOAc 10Lを用いてペーストに作製する。三水和物の形をとる、精製されたメチレンブルー1.4kgが得られる。
Claims (24)
- 下式(I)に相当する化合物を調製するための方法であって
(式中、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9およびR10のそれぞれは、互いに独立に、
−水素原子、
−ハロゲン原子、およびC1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6アルコキシカルボニル、または−CONH2官能基から選択された1個または複数の官能基で必要に応じて置換された、飽和または不飽和の直鎖状、分枝状、または環状C1〜C6アルキル基、
−C1〜C4アルキル、ハロゲン原子、およびC1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6アルキルオキシカルボニル、または−CONH2官能基から選択された、1個または複数の官能基で必要に応じて置換されたアリール基
からなる群から選択することができ、
さらに、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9およびR10のそれぞれは、互いに独立に、ハロゲン原子:F、Cl、Br、およびIから選択することができ、
X−は、有機または無機陰イオンを表す。)、
式(II)の化合物からの金属化合物の分離を可能にする条件下で式(II)の化合物が精製ステップに供される、少なくとも1つのステップを含むことを特徴とする方法
(式中、Rは、
−C1〜C4アルキル、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C4ハロアルキル、およびニトロ基から選択された1個または複数の官能基で必要に応じて置換された、フェニルまたはベンジル基、
−直鎖状、分枝状、または環状C1〜C8アルキル基、
−C1〜C8アルキルアミノ基、
−C1〜C8アルコキシ基、
−C1〜C4アルキル、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C4ハロアルキル、およびニトロ基から選択された1個または複数の官能基で、芳香核上で必要に応じて置換された、フェニルオキシまたはベンジルオキシ基
から選択された基を表し、
Zは、OおよびSから選択された原子を表す。)。 - 同一でも異なっていてもよいR1、R2、R3、R4、R5およびR6が、水素原子およびC1〜C4アルキルから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 下記の要件、即ち:
−R5、R8、R9、およびR10はHを表す、
−XはClまたはOHを表す、
−同一でも異なっていてもよいR1、R2、R3およびR4は、水素原子およびメチルから選択される、
−R6は水素原子を表す、
−R7は水素原子を表す、
−ZはOを表す
の1つまたは複数が満たされることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 式(I)の化合物が、塩化テトラメチルチオニンまたはメチレンブルーであることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 式(I)の化合物が、
塩化ジメチルチオニンまたはアズールA、
塩化トリメチルチオニンまたはアズールB、
塩化モノメチルチオニンまたはアズールC
から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 精製ステップが、金属化合物の保持が可能な担体を通した少なくとも1回の濾過を含むことを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 濾過担体が、シリカゲル、中性、塩基性または酸性のアルミナゲル、必要に応じて変性させた珪藻土、セライト、微多孔膜、金属捕捉基でグラフト化された樹脂、および金属捕捉基でグラフト化された繊維から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 濾過では、式(II)の化合物が、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルムなどの塩素化溶媒、エタノール、イソプロパノール、メタノールなどのアルコール、アセトニトリル、酢酸エチル、もしくはテトラヒドロフラン、またはこれらの溶媒の混合物から選択された溶媒中に可溶化されることを特徴とする、請求項6および7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 式(II)の化合物のフェノチアジン環のアミンを脱保護するためのステップも含むことを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 2,3−ジクロロ−5,6−ジシアノ−1,4−ベンゾキノンなどのキノン、HNO3、HClO4、I2、HCl、H2SO4、H2O2、および紫外線による処理から選択された手段によって、脱保護が実施されることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 脱保護が、2,3−ジクロロ−5,6−ジシアノ−1,4−ベンゾキノンにより実施されることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- HClで処理することによる、イオン交換のためのステップも含むことを特徴とする、請求項9から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 下式(I)に相当する化合物を調製するための方法であって
(式中、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9およびR10のそれぞれは、互いに独立に、
−水素原子、
−ハロゲン原子、およびC1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6アルコキシカルボニル、または−CONH2官能基から選択された1個または複数の官能基で必要に応じて置換された、飽和または不飽和の直鎖状、分枝状、または環状C1〜C6アルキル基、
−C1〜C4アルキル、ハロゲン原子、およびC1〜C6アルコキシ、C1〜C6アルキルオキシカルボニル、または−CONH2官能基から選択された、1個または複数の官能基で必要に応じて置換されたアリール基
からなる群から選択することができ、
さらに、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9およびR10のそれぞれは、互いに独立に、ハロゲン原子:F、Cl、BrおよびIから選択することができ、
X−は、有機または無機陰イオンを表す。)、
式(II)の化合物が、金属化合物の使用を含まない脱保護手段を使用して環のアミンを脱保護するためのステップに供される、少なくとも1つのステップを含むことを特徴とする方法
(式中、Rは、
−C1〜C4アルキル、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C4ハロアルキル、およびニトロ基から選択された1個または複数の官能基で必要に応じて置換された、フェニルまたはベンジル基、
−直鎖状、分枝状、または環状C1〜C8アルキル基、
−C1〜C8アルキルアミノ基、
−C1〜C8アルコキシ基、
−C1〜C4アルキル、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C4ハロアルキル、およびニトロ基から選択された1個または複数の官能基で、芳香核上で必要に応じて置換された、フェニルオキシまたはベンジルオキシ基
から選択された基を表し、
Zは、OおよびSから選択された原子を表す。)。 - 脱保護手段が、キノン、HNO3、HClO4、I2、HCl、H2SO4、H2O2、および紫外線による処理から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 脱保護手段が2,3−ジクロロ−5,6−ジシアノ−1,4−ベンゾキノン(DDQ)であることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の、少なくとも1つのステップを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1によって定義された式(I)の化合物を含む薬剤を調製するための方法。
- 請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の、少なくとも1つのステップを含むことを特徴とする、メチレンブルーを含む薬剤を調製するための方法。
- メチレンブルー1g当たり、0.02μg以下の量のカドミウムを含むことを特徴とする、メチレンブルー(3,7−ビス(ジメチルアミノ)−フェノチアジン−5−イリウムクロライド)。
- 97%より高い純度を有し、アルミニウムを4.5μg/g未満、有利にはアルミニウムを3μg/g未満、さらにより有利にはアルミニウムを2.5μg/g未満含む、メチレンブルー(3,7−ビス(ジメチルアミノ)−フェノチアジン−5−イリウムクロライド)。
- 97%より高い純度を有し、スズを0.5μg/g未満、有利にはスズを0.3μg/g未満含む、メチレンブルー(3,7−ビス(ジメチルアミノ)−フェノチアジン−5−イリウムクロライド)。
- メチレンブルー1g当たり、0.95μg以下の量のクロムを含むことを特徴とする、メチレンブルー(3,7−ビス(ジメチルアミノ)−フェノチアジン−5−イリウムクロライド)。
- 不純物を3%未満含み、金属不純物のレベルが20μg/g未満、有利には15μg/g未満、さらにより有利には10μg/g未満である、メチレンブルー(3,7−ビス(ジメチルアミノ)−フェノチアジン−5−イリウムクロライド)。
- 薬学的に許容される担体中に、請求項18から22のいずれか一項に記載のメチレンブルーを含む薬剤。
- 感染症、敗血性ショック、血液または血漿中の病原性汚染物の存在、過度の血行力学的反応、HIV、西ナイルウイルスまたはC型肝炎ウイルスによる感染症、アルツハイマー病、マラリア、乳癌、および躁鬱病
から選択された病的状態を、予防または治療する薬剤を調製するための、請求項18から22のいずれか一項に記載のメチレンブルーの使用。
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