JP2009220245A - Cutting tap - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To reduce a load on a cutting edge of a first complete crest and reduce a decrease in tool life due to wear or the like in a tap provided with a back taper at a complete crest to reduce machining torque during tapping. At the same time, the surface roughness of the female thread is improved.
A complete crest 26 is divided into a front crest 26a and a remaining rear crest 26b of 4P or less with respect to the pitch P of the external thread, so that the effective diameter of the bite portion 24 and the front crest 26a is increased. Is provided with a positive taper with a gradual increase in diameter, while a back taper with a gradual decrease in diameter is provided on the rear ridge 26b. While being distributed to the blades 28, the progress of wear of the cutting blades 28 is suppressed, and the tool life is improved. The surface roughness or surface accuracy of the screw is improved.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting tap, and more particularly to a technique for improving the tool life and improving the surface roughness of a female screw by suppressing wear of a cutting edge of a first complete thread located at the foremost end of a complete thread. It is.

(a) A screw is provided on the outer peripheral portion, and a cutting edge is formed along a groove provided in the axial direction so as to divide the male screw, while (b) the male screw in the axial direction is formed. A crest having a substantially constant diameter and a chamfered portion continuously provided on the crest and having a smaller diameter toward the tip, and (c) in a pilot hole provided in the workpiece. A cutting tap that forms a female thread by cutting the inner wall surface of the pilot hole with the cutting edge by being screwed in from the biting portion side is frequently used as a threading tool for cutting a female thread ( (See Patent Documents 1 and 2). For example, in Patent Document 1, it is proposed to provide a back taper having a diameter that gradually decreases toward the rear (shank side) in the complete mountain portion. In this way, the processing torque (resistance) at the time of tapping processing is proposed. Is reduced. FIG. 9 (a) is a diagram showing an example of changes in the axial direction of the outer diameter, effective diameter, and valley diameter of such a conventional cutting tap. The back taper is provided in the whole area of the biting part and the complete mountain part.
JP-A-3-88628 JP 2005-205557 A

  However, in the cutting tap provided with the back taper in this way, a large load acts on the cutting edge (the cutting edge of the first complete crest) positioned at the foremost end of the complete crest having the largest outer diameter, so that wear occurs. There is a problem that a sufficient tool life cannot be obtained depending on processing conditions. Further, as shown in FIG. 9 (a), when the effective diameter of the chamfered portion is provided with a back taper, the effective diameter becomes the largest at the tip portion. As shown in FIG. 9 (b), the range of cutting is gradually reduced as the effective diameter is reduced, so that a minute step is generated in the screw flank due to the machining. Roughness (surface accuracy) is impaired. (B) of FIG. 9 emphasizes the difference in the cutting shape, particularly the step in the width direction accompanying the gradual reduction of the effective diameter, and the numbers 1 to 6 represent the order of cutting. The number varies depending on the number of cutting edges of the biting portion.

  In Patent Document 2, it is proposed to provide a large-diameter threaded portion at the complete thread portion. In this case, the cutting is performed by a large number of cutting edges of the large-diameter threaded portion, so that the load is distributed. However, since the large-diameter thread portion functions substantially as a complete thread portion and the internal thread is processed without a back taper, the processing torque during tapping is increased, which is not preferable.

  The present invention has been made in the background of the above circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tap provided with a back taper in order to reduce the processing torque during tapping, and to the cutting edge of the first complete pile. An object of the present invention is to reduce the applied load to suppress the reduction of the tool life due to wear and to improve the surface roughness of the female thread.

  In order to achieve such an object, according to the first invention, (a) a screw is provided on the outer peripheral portion, and a cutting edge is formed along a groove provided in the axial direction so as to divide the male screw. On the other hand, (b) a cutting tap having a complete crest having a substantially constant diameter of the male screw in the axial direction and a biting portion that is continuously provided in the complete crest and becomes smaller in diameter toward the tip. (C) The complete peak portion is composed of a front peak portion continuous with the biting portion and a remaining rear peak portion, and the axial length of the front peak portion is 4 of the pitch P of the screw thread. While (d) the effective diameter of the external thread in the bite portion and the front side ridge is a constant diameter dimension, the change gradient in the axial direction is 0, or from the tip of the bite portion Predetermined to be 3 μm or less per 1P (pitch) of the thread as it goes to the rear peak (E) The effective diameter of the external thread in the rear ridge is a predetermined change from the rear end of the front ridge toward the shank side. A back taper in which the diameter dimension gradually decreases with a gradient is provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the cutting tap according to the first aspect, the outer diameter of the external thread is determined separately in the axial gradient at the front and rear ridges, and is the same as the effective diameter, respectively. It is characterized by a change gradient.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the cutting tap according to the first aspect or the second aspect, an axial length of the front side ridge is set so as to include two or more cutting edges.

  4th invention WHEREIN: In the cutting tap in any one of 1st invention-3rd invention, the effective diameter of the said external thread in the said rear side thread part is the range of 0.5-3 micrometers per 1P (pitch) of a thread. A back taper is provided in which the radial dimension gradually decreases with a predetermined change gradient.

  The fifth invention is the cutting tap according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, wherein the effective diameter of the male screw in the bite portion and the front side ridge portion includes the rear mountain from the tip of the bite portion. A positive taper in which the radial dimension gradually increases with a predetermined change gradient of 3 μm or less per 1 P (pitch) of the thread as it goes to the portion is provided.

  In such a cutting tap, the complete crest is divided into a front crest of 4P or less with respect to the pitch P of the thread and the remaining rear crest, and in a range including the chamfered portion to the front crest. The effective diameter of the screw is provided with a positive taper in which the axial variation gradient is zero or the diameter dimension gradually increases with a predetermined variation gradient. For example, when the cutting edge of the first complete thread wears with tapping processing Since the load at the tapping process is distributed to multiple cutting edges in the front ridge, such as when the worn part is processed by the next cutting edge, the progress of wear of the cutting edge in the front ridge is suppressed, and the tool The service life is improved. In that case, the axial length of the front peak is relatively short at 4P or less, and the change gradient of the radial dimension of the positive taper in which the diameter dimension gradually increases is 3 μm or less per 1P (pitch). Increase in machining torque is suppressed.

  On the other hand, the effective diameter of the chamfered portion that performs the machining of the female screw is a regular dimension without excessively cutting the flank of the female screw because the gradient in the axial direction is 0 or gradually increases with a predetermined positive taper. (See FIGS. 3 and 8), and the surface roughness or surface accuracy of the female thread is improved as compared with the case where the back taper is provided to the biting portion as shown in FIG. .

  In the second invention, the outer diameter of the external thread is also determined separately in the axial gradient at the front ridge and the rear ridge, and each has the same gradient as the effective diameter. Since the diameter is gradually increased with a gradient of 0 or a predetermined positive taper, the load is dispersed even at the outer diameter portion of the cutting edge, that is, near the top of the thread, and the progress of wear is suppressed.

  In the third invention, since the axial length of the front ridge is set to include two or more cutting edges, the load is distributed to a plurality of cutting edges existing in the front ridge, and wear progresses. It is suppressed.

  In the fourth invention, the effective diameter of the external thread at the rear peak is provided with a back taper in which the radial dimension gradually decreases with a change gradient within a range of 0.5 to 3 μm per 1P. Torque is reduced.

  In the fifth aspect of the invention, the effective diameter of the external thread of the bite portion and the front ridge portion is provided with a positive taper in which the radial dimension gradually increases with a predetermined change gradient of 3 μm or less per 1 P, so that the diameter dimension is constant and changes. Compared with the case where the gradient is 0, the progress of wear of the cutting edge due to tapping is effectively suppressed. Since the female thread material (workpiece) generally has a predetermined elasticity, even if it is slightly shaved at the front ridge, it is possible to obtain a female thread having a desired size with a reduced diameter due to elasticity.

  The cutting tap of the present invention is used to form an internal thread by cutting the inner wall surface of the prepared hole with the cutting edge by being screwed into the prepared hole provided in the work piece from the biting portion side. It is done. A drill, a reamer, or the like that processes the pilot hole can also be provided integrally on the tip end side of the tap.

  Two or more grooves are provided so as to divide the male screw, and the number is increased according to the outer diameter of the tap. In addition, it may be a straight groove parallel to the shaft center, a twisted groove twisted around the shaft center, and can be applied to a spiral point tap in which a twisted groove is provided at the tip of the straight groove. .

  The cutting tap of the present invention may be one that processes a single thread or one that processes two or more multiple threads. Also in the case of a multi-thread screw, the axial length of the front ridge may be 4P or less.

  If the length in the axial direction of the front peak portion is longer than 4P, the processing torque during tapping processing increases, so it is necessary to set it to 4P or less. Conventionally, only one cutting edge located at the foremost end of the complete peak is a regular size corresponding to the female screw to be processed, and the diameter is gradually reduced immediately by the back taper. In the present invention, the axial length of the front ridge may be determined so as to exceed one sheet, and it is desirable to set so as to include two or more cutting edges. When defined by the thread pitch P, for example, in order to disperse the load and suppress wear, it is preferably 1P or more, and 2P or more is appropriate. In addition, in the case of a three-blade tap having three rows of cutting edges around the axis, if the axial length of the front ridge is (1/3) P or more, two or more cutting edges should be included. Can do.

  Although it is desirable to provide a positive taper in which the diameter of the effective diameter gradually increases from the chamfered portion to the front peak portion, it is also possible to simply set the change gradient in the axial direction to 0 as a constant diameter size. When a positive taper is provided, if the gradient is larger than 3 μm per 1P in the radial dimension, the machining torque during tapping will increase, welding will occur, and the tool life will be reduced, resulting in a change gradient of 3 μm or less per 1P. Is desirable.

  The back taper having an effective diameter at the rear peak is preferably provided so that the radial dimension gradually decreases with a change gradient within a range of 0.5 to 3 μm per 1 P in order to reduce the processing torque during tapping. Depending on the machining conditions of the female thread, it may be outside this range.

  The positive taper of the effective diameter at the chamfered portion and the front peak portion and the back taper of the effective diameter at the rear peak portion are provided so that the diameter dimension gradually increases or decreases linearly with a constant change gradient in the axial direction, for example. However, the change gradient (change rate) of the diameter dimension can be continuously and smoothly changed, or the diameter dimension can be changed to a polygonal line, and various modes are possible. In this case, the region where the change gradient is 0 or a positive taper is the front peak and the back taper is the rear peak.

  In the second invention, the outer diameter of the external thread is also determined separately in the axial gradient at the front ridge and the rear ridge, and each has the same gradient as the effective diameter. It is possible to set different values for the gradient and the change gradient of the outer diameter, and for the outer diameter, a back taper is provided over the entire peak portion without distinguishing the front peak portion and the rear peak portion. Also good.

  The male thread of the cutting tap is generally provided by grinding using a grinding wheel provided with an outer periphery processed portion having a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the groove shape of the male screw, that is, the thread shape of the female screw to be processed. For example, (a) the tool material is moved while approaching and separating the grinding wheel so that the effective gradient and valley diameter of the male thread have a predetermined variation gradient in the axial direction so that the variation gradient changes in the middle. An effective diameter machining process in which the screw is ground by rotating around the axis and moving in the axial direction, and (b) the external diameter of the thread of the male screw has a predetermined change gradient in the axial direction. In addition, the outer diameter that grinds the outer peripheral surface by rotating the tool material around the axis center and moving it relative to the axial direction while moving the grinding wheel closer and apart so that the change gradient changes midway as needed (C) While rotating the tool material around the axis and relatively moving it in the axial direction while approaching or separating the grinding wheel so that the outer diameter becomes smaller with a constant change gradient toward the tip, Grinding of outer peripheral surface A chamfer processing step of performing can be produced by a production method having.

  In that case, when the effective diameter and the outer diameter have the same change gradient in the front side ridge and the rear side ridge as in the second aspect of the invention, the effective diameter processing step and the outer diameter processing step are common. It is possible to perform grinding by relatively moving the tool material and the grinding wheel along the same movement path by using the movement program, and manufacturing costs are reduced. By changing a part of the moving program, it is possible to change a part of the change pattern in the axial direction of the effective diameter and the outer diameter, and the cutting taps having different change patterns in the axial direction of the effective diameter and the outer diameter. Can be manufactured. Further, the biting portion processing step is not necessarily performed in a separate step, and can be performed continuously with the grinding of the outer diameter in the complete mountain portion.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
1A and 1B are diagrams showing a spiral point tap 10 to which the present invention is applied, in which FIG. 1A is a front view seen from a direction perpendicular to the axis O, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of a cross section taken along line IB-IB in FIG. (C) is a figure which shows the change pattern of the radial dimension of the thread part 16 in an axial direction. The spiral point tap 10 includes a shank 12 attached to a main shaft via a chuck (not shown), a neck portion 14 having a smaller diameter than the shank 12, and a screw portion 16 for cutting a female screw in the axial direction. Concentrically and integrally so as to be connected to.

  A male screw corresponding to the female screw to be formed is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the screw part 16, and the thread 18 of the male screw has a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the shape of the valley of the female screw to be formed. Yes. The threaded portion 16 is also provided with three straight grooves 20 parallel to the axis O at equal angular intervals around the axis O, and the spiral point groove 22 is continuously formed on the tip side of the straight groove 20. Are provided, and the external threads are divided by the straight groove 20 and the spiral point groove 22, so that three rows of cutting blades 28 continuous in the axial direction along the straight groove 20 and the spiral point groove 22 are formed. Is formed. The spiral point tap 10 of this embodiment is for processing a single right-hand thread (for example, M10 × 1.5), the male thread is also a single right-hand thread, and the spiral point groove 22 is a left-hand twist groove. is there. FIG. 1B is a cross-section cut at the bottom of the valley along the twist of the thread 18.

  The screw portion 16 includes a complete peak portion 26 having a substantially constant diameter in the axial direction, and a biting portion 24 that decreases in diameter toward the distal end side. The biting portion 24 is formed by removing the outer peripheral portion of the male screw formed up to the tip of the tap in a tapered shape, and only the outer diameter has a tapered shape with a large change gradient. The spiral point groove 22 is provided in the entire area of the biting portion 24 and discharges chips generated in the biting portion 24 to the tip end side of the tap.

  By the way, such a spiral point tap 10 is screwed into the prepared hole provided in the workpiece from the biting portion 24 side, so that the cutting edge 28 cuts the inner wall surface of the prepared hole so that the female screw Form. Since such a tapping process generates a large processing torque (resistance), conventionally, a predetermined back taper has been provided over the entire peak portion 26 in order to reduce this. However, a large load acts on the largest diameter portion of the thread portion 16, that is, the first complete thread cutting edge 28 located at the foremost end of the complete thread part 26, and the wear is promoted. In some cases, a long tool life could not be obtained.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1C, the complete mountain portion 26 is further divided into a front mountain portion 26a and a rear mountain portion 26b. The front peak portion 26a is a front portion continuous to the biting portion 14, and its axial length is within a range of 1P to 4P with respect to the pitch P of the thread 18 and in this embodiment, three rows are cut. The blade 28 is set to about 2P so as to include two cutting blades 28 that are continuous in the axial direction, and the remaining portion of the complete peak portion 26 is a rear peak portion 26b.

  The effective diameter and valley diameter of the male thread in the bite portion 24 and the front side ridge portion 26a have a small change gradient, specifically a radial dimension of 1P from the front end of the bite portion 24 toward the rear side ridge portion 26b. A positive taper that gradually increases with a constant change gradient of 3 μm or less is provided. Further, the effective diameter and valley diameter of the external thread in the rear side ridge part 26b have a small change gradient from the rear end of the front side ridge part 26a toward the neck part 14 side, specifically, the radial dimension is 0.5 to 1 per 1P. A back taper is provided that gradually decreases with a constant change gradient within a range of 3 μm. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the external thread is also determined separately in the axial direction of the change in the axial direction of the front peak 2a and the rear peak 26b. At the front end portion of the complete mountain portion 26, that is, the boundary portion with the biting portion 24, the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the inner diameter are all regular dimensions corresponding to the female screw to be processed. Note that (c) in FIG. 1 is merely an example and is not shown by an accurate dimensional ratio or a change gradient, and is a change pattern of the diameter dimension, and is different from an actual tap shape. The same applies to FIG. 2, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, and FIG. Further, the spiral point groove 22 is provided so as to include the entire area of the front side peak portion 26a.

  Such a threaded portion 16 is formed by grinding using a grinding wheel provided with an outer periphery processed portion having a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the groove shape of the external thread in the threaded portion 16, that is, the thread shape of the female screw to be processed, for example. . That is, a male thread can be formed by rotating the tool material around the axis O and moving the tool material relative to the axial direction while pressing the grinding wheel against the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical tool material. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), first, the effective diameter and valley diameter of the threaded portion 16 are predetermined in the biting portion 24 and the front mountain portion 26a as they go rearward (on the shank 12 side in the drawing on the right side). The grinding is performed while relatively moving the grinding wheel and the tool material continuously in the approaching / separating direction so as to gradually increase at the change gradient of the angle and gradually decrease at the rear peak portion 26b with a predetermined change gradient toward the rear. As a result, while changing the effective diameter change gradient at the boundary between the front peak portion 26a and the rear peak portion 26b, the screw is continuously applied to the entire range where the bite portion 24 and the complete peak portion 26 are to be formed. It can be ground. Such male thread processing is performed, for example, from the biting portion 24 side toward the complete mountain portion 26 side. FIG. 2A shows an effective diameter machining step.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the outer diameter of the thread 18 gradually increases with the same gradient as the effective diameter toward the rear in the bite portion 24 and the front peak portion 26a, In 26b, grinding of the outer peripheral surface (peak) of the thread 18 is performed while continuously moving the grinding wheel and the tool material in the approaching and separating directions so as to gradually decrease at the same change gradient as the effective diameter toward the rear. Do. In this outer peripheral grinding, for example, the same grinding wheel as in the effective diameter machining step of FIG. 2A is arranged so as to be spaced apart by the difference between the root diameter of the external thread and the outer diameter, and the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel. Can be easily performed by reversing the tool material by 180 ° so as to be pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the screw thread 18 and relatively moving the tool material along the same movement path using the same movement program. As a result, the outer diameter continuously changes over the entire range where the biting portion 24 and the complete mountain portion 26 are to be formed while changing the gradient of the outer diameter at the boundary between the front mountain portion 26a and the rear mountain portion 26b. Grinding can be performed. At this stage, the outer diameter of the biting portion 24 is also changed with the same change gradient as that of the front mountain portion 26a. Such outer diameter processing is performed, for example, from the biting portion 24 side toward the complete mountain portion 26 side. FIG. 2B shows an outer diameter machining step.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), the grinding wheel is moved closer to or away from the tool material so that the outer diameter becomes a small diameter with a relatively large constant change gradient toward the tip (left direction in the figure). Then, the tool material is rotated around the shaft center and relatively moved in the axial direction to grind the outer peripheral portion, whereby the thread 18 is removed in a tapered shape to form the biting portion 24. Such grinding of the outer peripheral portion is performed, for example, from the leading end side of the biting portion 24 toward the complete mountain portion 26 side. FIG. 2 (c) shows a chamfered portion machining step.

  The spiral point tap 10 of this embodiment is made of high-speed tool steel, and a hard coating is provided on the surface of the screw portion 16 as necessary, or an oxidation treatment for preventing welding is performed. Is done.

  In such a spiral point tap 10, the complete peak portion 26 is divided into a front peak portion 26 a that is 4 P or less with respect to the pitch P of the screw thread 18 and the remaining rear peak portion 26 b, and the front portion from the biting portion 24. Since the effective diameter and the root diameter of the male screw in the range including the peak portion 26a are provided with a positive taper in which the diameter dimension gradually increases with a predetermined change gradient, for example, the cutting edge of the first complete thread according to the tapping process Since the load at the time of tapping is distributed to the plurality of cutting edges 28 of the front side ridge 26a, such as when the worn portion is processed by the next cutting edge 28 when the 28 is worn, the cutting edge 28 at the front ridge 26a. The progress of wear is suppressed and the tool life is improved. In this case, the axial length of the front peak portion 26a is relatively short at 4P or less with respect to the pitch P of the thread 18, and the change gradient of the radial dimension of the positive taper whose diameter dimension gradually increases is per 1P (pitch). Since it is 3 micrometers or less, the increase in the processing torque at the time of a tapping process is suppressed.

  On the other hand, since the effective diameter of the biting portion 24 for cutting the internal thread gradually increases with a predetermined positive taper, the internal thread flank is not excessively cut as shown in FIG. Thus, the surface roughness or surface accuracy of the female thread is improved as compared with the case where the back taper is provided up to the biting portion as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to (b) of FIG. 9 and shows a case where cutting is performed with six cutting edges 28, but the number varies depending on the number of cutting edges 28 of the biting portion 24.

  In the present embodiment, the outer diameter of the external thread is also determined separately in the axial change gradient at the front peak portion 26a and the rear peak portion 26b, and is set to the same change gradient as the effective diameter. Since the diameter of the crest 26a is gradually increased with a predetermined positive taper, the load is dispersed even in the outer diameter portion of the cutting edge 28, that is, in the vicinity of the crest of the screw thread 18, and the progress of wear is suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, since the axial length of the front peak portion 26a is 1P or more, three or more cutting edges 28 are included, and a load is applied to the plurality of cutting edges 28 existing in the front peak portion 26a. Is dispersed to suppress the progress of wear.

  Further, in the present embodiment, a back taper is provided in which the radial dimension gradually decreases with a change gradient within a range of 0.5 to 3 μm per 1P on the outer diameter, effective diameter, and valley diameter of the external thread at the rear peak portion 2b. Therefore, the processing torque during tapping processing is reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the effective diameter and valley diameter of the external thread of the bite portion 24 and the front peak portion 26a are provided with a positive taper in which the radial dimension gradually increases with a predetermined change gradient of 3 μm or less per 1P, Since the front peak portion 26a is provided with a positive taper with the same change gradient on the outer diameter, the progress of wear of the cutting edge 28 by tapping is more effective than when the diameter dimension is constant and the change gradient is zero. Is suppressed. Since the female thread material (workpiece) generally has a predetermined elasticity, even if it is slightly shaved by the front side ridge 26a, a female thread having a desired size can be obtained with a reduced diameter due to the elasticity.

  By the way, prepare three types of test products (invention product, comparative product, and conventional product) shown in Fig. 4 (a), and perform tapping under the processing conditions shown in Fig. 4 (b). When the durability test was performed, the result shown in FIG. 4C was obtained. In the present invention, the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the valley diameter are all divided into the front side peak part 26a and the rear side peak part 26b, and the length range of the front side peak part 26a is 2P. A positive taper in which the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the diameter of the valley diameter are all gradually increased with a change gradient of 1.2 μm per 1 P is provided, and the outer peak, the effective diameter, Further, a back taper is provided in which the radius dimension of the valley diameter gradually decreases with a change gradient of 2.1 μm per 1P. The comparative product is configured such that the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the valley diameter are divided into the front peak portion 26a and the rear peak portion 26b, as in the present invention product, and the rear peak portion 26b has an outer diameter, A back taper is provided in which both the effective diameter and the radius dimension of the valley diameter gradually decrease with a change gradient of 2.1 μm per 1 P, but the front peak portion 26a has an outer diameter, an effective diameter, and a valley radius. It differs from the product of the present invention in that a positive taper is provided in which the dimension gradually increases with a large change gradient of 3.5 μm per 1P. The conventional product is provided with a back taper in which the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the valley diameter gradually decrease with a constant change gradient over the entire peak portion 26, and the change gradient is the rear peak portion of the present invention product. It is the same as the change gradient in 26b. Further, in the processing conditions of FIG. 4 (b), “S45C” in the column of the workpiece represents a carbon steel for machine structure with a steel material symbol according to JIS standards. In FIG. 4 and the next FIG. 5, the positive taper change gradient that gradually increases toward the rear is represented by plus (+), and the back taper change gradient that gradually decreases toward the rear is represented by minus (−). .

  (C) in Fig. 4 shows the number of machined screw holes (tapping number) until each spiral tap (test product) reaches the end of its life, the cause of life, and the durability ratio when the average number of machined screw holes of the conventional product is 100%. The durability of the product of the present invention was improved by 72% compared to the conventional product. A comparative product having a large change gradient of the diameter of the front side ridge portion 26a may increase the processing torque due to welding or the like, and the tool may be broken, and the tool life is shorter than the conventional product. In addition, “GPOUT” in the column of the cause of life has reached the tool life because the threaded part 16 has become smaller due to wear of the threaded portion 16, and the thread plug gauge (GP) cannot pass through the threaded working thread. Represents that.

  In the same way as in FIG. 4, two types of test products (invention product, comparative product, and conventional product) are prepared in each case, and tapping is performed under the processing conditions shown in FIG. In this case, the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the valley diameter of the product of the present invention are divided into the front mountain portion 26a and the rear mountain portion 26b as in the above-described embodiment. The length range of the portion 26a is 2P, and a positive taper in which the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the radial diameter of the valley diameter are all gradually increased with a change gradient of 2.0 μm per 1P is provided. Is provided with a back taper in which the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the diameter of the valley diameter are all gradually reduced with a change gradient of 2.1 μm per 1P. The comparative product, like the product of the present invention, has an outer diameter, an effective diameter, and a valley diameter that are divided into a front ridge portion 26a and a rear ridge portion 26b. Is different from the product of the present invention in that the length range of the front mountain portion 26a is as large as 5P. The conventional product is the same as the conventional product used in the durability test of FIG. Further, in the processing conditions of FIG. 5B, “SUS304” in the column of the workpiece represents a stainless steel by a steel material symbol according to the JIS standard.

  (C) in Fig. 5 shows the number of machined screw holes (number of tapping) until each spiral tap (test product) reaches the end of its life, the cause of life, and the average number of machined screw holes in the conventional product, as in (c) of Fig. 4 The durability ratio in the case of 100% is shown, and the durability of the product of the present invention is improved by 23% compared to the conventional product. In the comparative product having a large length range of the front peak portion 26a of 5P, the processing torque increases due to welding or the like, and the tool breaks in any case, and the tool life is shorter than that of the conventional product.

  In the embodiment, the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the valley diameter of the screw portion 16 are all divided into the front side mountain portion 26a and the rear side mountain portion 26b, and the same change in which the gradient of the diameter dimension is equal to each other. Although the configuration is such that the diameter varies according to the pattern, only the effective diameter and the valley diameter may be divided into the front peak portion 26a and the rear peak portion 26b as shown in FIG. . In this case, the outer diameter may be provided with a back taper in which the diameter gradually decreases with a constant change gradient across the entire peak portion 26 as in the prior art. For example, the outer diameter may be a change gradient at the rear peak portion 26b of the effective diameter. A back taper with the same gradient is provided.

  Also in the present embodiment, since the effective diameter and valley diameter in the range including the chamfered portion 24 to the front peak portion 26a are provided with a positive taper in which the diameter dimension gradually increases with a predetermined change gradient, While the load is distributed to the plurality of cutting edges 28 of the front ridge 26a, the progress of wear of the cutting edges 28 is suppressed, and the tool life is improved. The same effect as in the above-described embodiment can be obtained, such as cutting to a regular dimension without excessive cutting, and improving the surface roughness or surface accuracy of the female screw.

  In the above embodiment, the effective diameters of the bite portion 24 and the front peak portion 26a are provided with a predetermined positive taper. However, as shown in FIG. 7, the effective diameters of the bite portion 24 and the front peak portion 26a are provided. It is also possible to keep the diameter dimension of the axis constant and set the change gradient in the axial direction to zero. FIG. 7 (a) corresponds to FIG. 1 (c), and the outer diameter, effective diameter, and valley diameter of the male screw are divided into the front peak portion 26a and the rear peak portion 26b. In the front peak portion 26a, the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the valley diameter change gradient are all 0, and in the rear peak portion 26b, the outer diameter, the effective diameter, and the valley diameter gradually decrease with the same change gradient. Is provided with a back taper. FIG. 7 (b) corresponds to FIG. 6, and only the effective diameter and the valley diameter are divided into the front side peak part 26a and the rear side peak part 26b, and the biting part 24 and the front side peak part are formed. The back taper is provided so that the change gradient of the effective diameter and the valley diameter is 0 at a, and the effective diameter and the valley diameter are gradually reduced at a constant change gradient at the rear peak portion 26b. In addition, the outer diameter is not changed between the front peak portion 26a and the rear peak portion 26b, and has a constant change gradient (the same change gradient as the rear peak portion 26b of the effective diameter and the valley diameter) over the entire peak portion 26. ) Is provided with a back taper in which the diameter dimension gradually decreases.

  In the present embodiment, since the effective diameter and valley diameter in the range including the chamfered portion 24 to the front peak portion 26a are constant and the change gradient in the axial direction is zero, the first complete peak is associated with tapping, for example. When the cutting edge 28 is worn, the wear part is processed by the next cutting edge 28, and the load at the time of tapping is distributed to the plurality of cutting edges 28 of the front side crest 26a, so that the wear of the cutting edge 28 progresses. As shown in FIG. 8, the chamfered portion 24 can cut the flank of the female screw to a normal dimension without excessively cutting, and the surface roughness or surface of the female screw can be reduced. The same effects as those of the above embodiment can be obtained, such as improvement in accuracy. FIG. 8 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 and showing the cutting shape of the plurality of cutting edges 28 of the biting portion 24.

  As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention was described in detail based on drawing, these are one Embodiment to the last, This invention is implemented in the aspect which added the various change and improvement based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. be able to.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a spiral point tap according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a front view, (b) is an enlarged view of an IB-IB cross section in (a), and (c) is a diameter dimension of a threaded portion. It is a figure which shows the change pattern in an axial direction. It is a figure explaining an example of the processing method at the time of processing the thread part of the spiral point tap of FIG. It is a figure explaining the cutting shape of the some cutting edge of the biting part of the spiral point tap of FIG. It is a figure which shows the specification of a test article, a process condition, the number of process screw holes to the end of life, etc. when tapping is performed using the product of the present invention, a comparative product, and a conventional product. It is a figure which shows the specification of a test article, a process condition, the number of process screw holes to the end of life, etc. when tapping is performed using a test article different from FIG. 4 and the durability is examined. It is a figure explaining the Example by which the outer diameter is provided with the back taper in the whole region of a complete mountain part, and is a figure which shows the change pattern of the radial dimension corresponding to (c) of FIG. It is a figure explaining the Example at the time of making the diameter dimension of the effective diameter of a bite part and a front side peak part constant, (a) respond | corresponds to (c) of FIG. 1, (b) respond | corresponds to FIG. FIG. It is a figure explaining the cutting shape of the some cutting edge of a biting part in the Example of FIG. It is a figure explaining the conventional cutting tap provided with the back taper, (a) is a figure showing the change pattern in the axial direction of the radial dimension, (b) is the cutting shape of multiple cutting edges of the biting part FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  10: Spiral point tap (cutting tap) 16: Screw part (male thread) 20: Straight groove 22: Spiral point groove 24: Chamfered part 26: Complete peak part 26a: Front side peak part 26b: Rear side peak part 28: Cut blade

Claims (5)

A screw is provided on the outer peripheral portion, and a cutting edge is formed along a groove provided in the axial direction so as to divide the male screw. On the other hand, the diameter of the male screw is substantially constant in the axial direction. In a cutting tap having a complete mountain part and a biting part that is continuously provided in the complete mountain part and becomes a small diameter toward the tip,
The complete peak portion is composed of a front peak portion continuous with the biting portion and a remaining rear peak portion, and the axial length of the front peak portion is not more than four times the pitch P of the thread. ,
The effective diameter of the external thread in the bite part and the front side ridge part is a constant diameter and the change gradient in the axial direction is 0, or the screw thread as it goes from the tip of the bite part to the rear side ridge part. A positive taper is provided in which the radial dimension gradually increases with a predetermined change gradient of 3 μm or less per 1 P (pitch) of
The effective diameter of the male screw at the rear peak is provided with a back taper in which the diameter gradually decreases with a predetermined change gradient from the rear end of the front peak toward the shank. Cutting tap. The outer diameter of the male screw has axial change gradients determined separately for the front side ridge and the rear side ridge, and each has the same change gradient as the effective diameter. The cutting tap according to 1. 3. The cutting tap according to claim 1, wherein an axial length of the front ridge is set so as to include two or more cutting edges. The effective diameter of the external thread in the rear side ridge is provided with a back taper in which the radial dimension gradually decreases with a predetermined change gradient within a range of 0.5 to 3 μm per 1 P (pitch) of the thread. The cutting tap according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The effective diameter of the external thread in the bite portion and the front ridge portion is a predetermined change gradient of 3 μm or less per 1 P (pitch) of the screw thread from the tip of the bite portion toward the rear ridge portion. The cutting tap according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a positive taper with a gradually increasing radial dimension is provided.

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