JP2009241073A - Solidification processing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solidification processing apparatus which can prevent the unevenness and insufficiency of compression in a processing object, and can stably obtain solidified matter having sufficient shape retention. <P>SOLUTION: A pair of spiral axes 2 are arranged at the inside of casing 11 having a charge port 12 of waste. Each spiral axis 2 is composed of the first spiral axis 21, the second spiral axis 22 and the third spiral axis 23 in order from the side of the charge port 12. An edge board 5 provided with a nozzle 53 exhausting waste after processing is arranged closely to the tip of the third spiral axis 23. The waste charged from the charge port 12 is held by the first spiral axis 21 and is transferred, is kneaded and compressed by the second spiral axis 22 while preventing backstreaming, is further kneaded and compressed by the third spiral axis 23, and is extruded out to a bar shape from the shaping nozzle 53 of the edge board 5. By heating the waste to a prescribed temperature by a heater 54 built in the edge board 5, solidified matter having satisfactory shape retention can be obtained without generating harmful gas. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a solidification processing apparatus that solidifies a non-melted material with a melt as a binder, for example, a non-melted material containing a melted material such as plastic and an organic material such as paper waste, wood waste, and coffee, or an inorganic material such as iron powder The present invention relates to a solidification processing apparatus suitable for solidifying by reducing the volume of a product.

  Waste recycling is important as a countermeasure for environmental problems. As a waste recycling process, it is practical to use combustible waste, including paper, plastics, and cloth, such as shredder dust, food packaging containers, and used clothing as raw materials for recycled fuel. Has been.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an apparatus for producing a solid regenerated fuel using this kind of waste, a twin-screw extruder as shown in FIG. 8 is known (for example, Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-85701). reference). This extrusion molding machine has a cylindrical hollow portion having a bowl-shaped cross section in a casing 101. Two screw shafts 103 and 103 whose shaft centers are parallel to each other are inserted into the hollow portion of the casing 101. The screw shaft 103 has spiral blades, but a bladeless diameter-enlarged portion 120 having no spiral blades is formed closer to the tip than the center in the longitudinal direction of the screw shaft 103. The screw shaft has the first spiral blade 121 on the proximal end side with respect to the bladeless enlarged diameter portion 120, and the second spiral blade 122 on the tip side with respect to the bladeless enlarged diameter portion 120. The inner wall that defines the hollow portion of the casing 101 is close to the outer edges of the first and second spiral blades 121 and 122, and is close to the peripheral surface of the bladeless enlarged diameter portion 120 to form a throttle portion. ing. The screw shafts 103 are rotationally driven in opposite directions by gears 111 and 111 meshed with each other by a motor (not shown). Accordingly, the first and second spiral blades 121 and 122 are rotationally driven so as to mesh from top to bottom.

  This biaxial extrusion molding machine operates as follows. That is, the waste containing the waste plastic material is roughly crushed and sorted in advance, and is put into the hollow portion from the inlet 102 of the casing. The thrown-in waste is transferred to the bladeless enlarged diameter portion 120 side while being crushed and kneaded by the first spiral blade 121 of the screw shaft. A heater is provided on the side surface of the casing 101, and the plastic in the waste is softened or melted by the heat of the heater. The waste containing the softened or melted plastic is compressed in a process of extruding from between the narrowed portion of the inner wall of the casing 101 and the bladeless enlarged diameter portion 120 to be in a fluid state. The waste in a fluid state is pushed out from the nozzle hole 116 of the end face plate 115 in a rod shape by the second spiral blade 122. A solid regenerated fuel is obtained by solidifying the temperature of the waste extruded into a rod shape by dropping.

  However, in this biaxial extrusion molding machine, as the cross section of the waste passage formed between the inner wall of the casing 101 and the surface of the screw shaft 103 moves from the first spiral blade 121 toward the bladeless enlarged diameter portion 120. On the other hand, it expands as it moves from the bladeless enlarged diameter portion 120 toward the second spiral blade 122. Therefore, the waste extruded from between the throttle portion of the inner wall of the casing 101 and the bladeless enlarged diameter portion 120 is likely to diffuse between the inner wall of the casing 101 and the second spiral blade 122. As a result, there is a problem that the density of the waste extruded through the nozzle hole 116 becomes relatively small, and the shape retention after the solidification of the waste tends to be insufficient.

  Further, the end face plate 115 provided with the nozzle holes 116 for discharging the waste is likely to be worn due to the waste compressed at a relatively high pressure and the rotating operation of the adjacent second spiral blade 122. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently replace the end face plate 115, and there is a problem that maintenance costs increase.

Moreover, since the heater provided on the side surface of the casing 101 performs heating over a wide range in the casing 101, there is a problem that heating efficiency is low and accuracy of temperature control of waste is low. If the accuracy of temperature control is low, the waste temperature rises excessively, and there is a risk of inconvenience such as generation of chlorine gas from polyvinyl chloride in the waste.
JP-A-10-85701

  Then, the subject of this invention is providing the solidification processing apparatus from which the solidified material which has sufficient shape retention property is obtained stably. Moreover, it is providing the solidification processing apparatus which can prevent the increase in the maintenance cost by abrasion of an end surface board. Moreover, it is providing the solidification processing apparatus which can control the temperature of a to-be-processed object with high precision.

In order to solve the above problems, the solidification processing apparatus of the present invention is:
A casing having an input port into which an object to be processed is input;
A pair of rotary drive shafts disposed in the casing and driven to rotate in opposite directions;
A first spiral shaft that is detachably attached to the pair of rotational drive shafts, sandwiches the workpiece to be processed inserted from the inlet, and feeds it to the end face side of the casing, while preventing the backflow of the workpiece. A helical shaft having a second helical shaft to be compressed and a third helical shaft for further compressing the workpiece to be pushed out of the casing;
An end face plate that is detachably attached to the end face of the casing and has a discharge hole for discharging the object to be processed pushed out by the third helical shaft,
The end face plate is formed so that the attachment surface that faces the inside of the casing can be exchanged between the front and back surfaces, and can be attached to the end face of the casing with a spacer interposed therebetween. It is said.

  According to the above configuration, when the pair of rotational drive shafts are rotationally driven, the first to third helical shafts attached to the rotational drive shafts are rotationally driven in directions opposite to each other. The first helical shaft sandwiches the object to be processed introduced from the introduction port and sends it to the end face side of the casing. The workpiece sent from the first helical shaft is compressed while the second helical shaft prevents backflow. Subsequently, the third helical shaft further compresses the workpiece and pushes it out from the discharge hole of the end face plate. Thus, since a high compressive force can be applied sequentially while kneading the workpieces, the workpieces to be pushed out from the discharge holes of the end face plate can have a sufficiently high density. Therefore, sufficient shape retention can be given to the processed object after processing.

  Moreover, since the said end surface plate can use both front and back both surfaces as a mounting surface until it reaches a predetermined amount of wear, the service life of the end surface plate can be greatly increased. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent an increase in maintenance cost due to wear of the end face plate.

  Moreover, the distance between the 3rd spiral axis | shaft in a casing and an end surface board can be adjusted by pinching | interposing the said spacer between the end surface and end surface board of a casing. Thereby, even if the end face plate is worn, the service life can be extended, and therefore the end face plate can be replaced less frequently. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent an increase in maintenance cost due to wear of the end face plate.

  Moreover, the generation amount of compression heat and frictional heat can be effectively increased with respect to the non-melted material contained in the workpiece by the second and third spiral axes. As a result, the melt of the object to be processed can be sufficiently dissolved without providing a heater on the side surface of the casing as in the prior art.

  The solidification processing apparatus of one embodiment is a link hinge that is connected to the edge of the end face plate and the edge of the end face of the casing, rotates the end face plate around a vertical axis, and linearly moves in the thickness direction. Equipment.

  According to the said embodiment, the said end surface plate can be attached to a casing end surface by the said link hinge apparatus in the state which has arrange | positioned the spacer between the said end surface plate and the end surface of a casing.

  The solidification processing apparatus of one Embodiment has the attachment part of the said link hinge apparatus formed in the edge part of the width direction both sides of the said end surface board.

  According to the embodiment, since the edge portions on both sides in the width direction of the end face plate can be attached to the link hinge device, the front and back surfaces of the end face plate can be attached to the end face as attachment faces.

  In the solidification processing apparatus of one embodiment, a heater and a temperature sensor are provided on the end face plate.

  According to the embodiment, since the compression heat and the frictional heat can be effectively generated on the workpiece by the second and third spiral shafts, the heater of the end face plate can be used without providing the heater on the side surface of the casing. The temperature of the workpiece can be adjusted efficiently.

  Further, the temperature of the object to be processed can be adjusted with high accuracy by detecting the temperature of the object to be processed by the temperature sensor and adjusting the heat generation amount of the heater based on the detected temperature. Therefore, for example, it is possible to effectively prevent the disadvantage that the temperature of the object to be processed is excessively increased and toxic gas is generated.

  In one embodiment, the heater for the end face plate has a linear shape extending in the height direction of the end face plate, and is arranged in a plurality of rows in the width direction of the end face plate. Two are arranged in the thickness direction.

  According to the said embodiment, the temperature of the to-be-processed object discharged | emitted from the discharge hole of the said end surface plate can be made uniform by arrange | positioning the said heater according to the characteristic of a temperature rise in the width direction of the said end surface plate.

  In addition, since two heaters for the end face plates are arranged in the thickness direction in each row, even when any one of the front and back surfaces of the end face plate is attached to the end face of the casing as a mounting face, the end face plates are substantially mutually connected. The same heating characteristics are obtained. Further, even if one heater in the thickness direction fails, the workpiece can be heated by the other heater, so that the reliability of the heating function can be improved.

  In the solidification processing apparatus according to an embodiment, the heater of the end face plate has a larger arrangement interval on the outer side in the width direction than an arrangement interval on the inner side in the width direction.

  According to the above embodiment, since the inner side in the width direction of the end face plate is located between the pair of spiral shafts and is provided with more discharge holes, the end plate is processed than the outer side in the width direction of the end face plate. There is a large amount of passage. Therefore, by making the arrangement interval of the heaters of the end face plate larger outside than the inner side in the width direction, the heating characteristic of the object to be processed that is substantially uniform in the width direction of the end face plate can be obtained.

  In one embodiment, the solidification processing apparatus controls the heater based on a signal from the temperature sensor so that the temperature of the object to be processed discharged from the discharge hole of the end face plate is 100 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower. A heater control unit is provided.

  According to the embodiment, by setting the temperature of the object to be processed to 100 ° C. or more and 180 ° C. or less, the object to be processed can be quickly discharged from the discharge hole of the end face plate. The inconvenience that the temperature rises excessively to generate toxic gas can be prevented. When the temperature of the object to be processed is less than 100 ° C., the melt of the object to be processed becomes insufficiently softened and the discharge holes are clogged, and the non-melted object of the object to be processed is not sufficiently adhered to each other. There is a risk of inconvenience that the shape retention is deteriorated. In addition, when the temperature of the object to be processed exceeds 180 ° C., there is a risk of causing inconvenience such as generation of toxic gas from the object to be processed.

  In the solidification processing apparatus of one embodiment, a terminal assembly having a heater terminal connected to the plurality of heaters and a sensor terminal connected to the temperature sensor is attached to the upper end of the end face plate.

  According to the above embodiment, by connecting predetermined wiring to the heater terminal of the terminal assembly and connecting predetermined wiring to the sensor terminal, wiring is performed with less labor than wiring each of the plurality of heaters. Work can be done.

  As is apparent from the above, the solidification processing apparatus of the present invention sandwiches the object to be processed, which is input into the casing from the input port, with the first spiral shaft and transfers it to the end surface side of the casing. Compressed by the second helical shaft while preventing backflow, and further compresses the object to be processed by the second helical axis and pushes it out from the discharge hole of the end face plate, so that the object to be processed is kneaded. A high compressive force can be applied sequentially, so that a high-density workpiece can be pushed out from the discharge hole of the end face plate, and sufficient shape retention can be imparted to the workpiece after processing. Moreover, since the said end surface plate can be used until it reaches a predetermined amount of wear as the mounting surface facing the third spiral axis side, the service life of the end surface plate can be greatly increased. Further, by sandwiching the spacer between the end face and the end face plate of the casing, the distance between the third spiral shaft and the end face plate can be adjusted, and the service life of the end face plate can be extended.

  Moreover, the solidification processing apparatus of one Embodiment can attach the said end surface plate to a casing end surface in the state which has arrange | positioned the spacer between the said end surface plate and the end surface of a casing with a link hinge apparatus.

  Moreover, since the solidification processing apparatus of one Embodiment can attach the edge part of the width direction both sides of the said end surface plate to the said link hinge apparatus, it attaches to the end surface of a casing by using the front and back of the said end surface plate as an attachment surface. be able to.

  Moreover, the solidification processing apparatus of one Embodiment can adjust the temperature of a to-be-processed object efficiently with the heater provided in the said end surface plate, without providing a heater in the side surface of a casing. Further, by adjusting the amount of heat generated by the heater based on the temperature of the workpiece detected by the temperature sensor provided on the end face plate, the temperature of the workpiece can be adjusted with high accuracy.

  Further, in the solidification processing apparatus according to an embodiment, the heater has a linear shape extending in the height direction of the end face plate and is arranged in a plurality of rows in the width direction of the end face plate. The temperature of the processing object discharged from the discharge hole of the face plate can be made uniform. In addition, since two heaters are arranged in the thickness direction in each row, substantially the same heating characteristics can be obtained regardless of which of the front and back surfaces of the end face plate is used as an attachment surface. Further, even if one heater in the thickness direction fails, the workpiece can be heated by the other heater, so that the reliability of the heating function can be improved.

  Further, in the solidification processing apparatus according to one embodiment, the end face plate heater has a larger arrangement interval on the outer side in the width direction than an inner arrangement interval in the width direction. By increasing the heating amount on the inner side where the passing amount is large, the heating characteristics of the workpiece can be obtained that is substantially uniform in the width direction of the end face plate.

  Moreover, since the solidification processing apparatus of one Embodiment controls the said heater so that the temperature of the to-be-processed object discharged | emitted from the discharge hole of the said end surface plate may be 100 degreeC or more and 180 degrees C or less by a heater control part. The object to be processed can be quickly discharged from the discharge hole of the end face plate, and the inconvenience that the temperature of the object to be processed rises excessively to generate toxic gas or the like can be prevented.

  Moreover, the solidification processing apparatus of one embodiment attaches a terminal assembly having a heater terminal connected to the plurality of heaters and a sensor terminal connected to the temperature sensor to the upper end of the end face plate, Wiring work for the plurality of heaters can be facilitated.

  Hereinafter, the solidification processing apparatus of this invention is demonstrated in detail by embodiment of illustration.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a solidification processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view of the solidification processing apparatus.

  As an example of the object to be processed, this solidification processing apparatus processes waste including plastic that is a melt and paper that is a non-molten material. It is a solid fuel production apparatus for producing fuel.

  This solid fuel production apparatus is roughly constituted by a processing main body 1 that processes waste, a gear box 3 that drives the processing main body 1, a reduction gear R, a transmission device T, and a motor M.

  The processing body 1 accommodates a pair of helical shafts 2 and 2 for kneading and compressing waste in a casing 11 having a waste inlet 12 formed at the upper end. A flange 13 is formed at the end of the casing 11 opposite to the gear box 3, and the end face plate 5 is fixed to the flange 13 with a bolt. A plurality of molding nozzles 53 for discharging waste after processing is attached to the end face plate 5. The side face of the end face plate 5 and the edge of the flange 13 are connected by a link hinge device 51, and the end face plate 5 can be rotated by the link hinge device 51 in a state where the bolt is removed. . The end face plate 5 is provided with a heater 54 for heating the waste and a temperature sensor 55 for detecting the temperature of the waste discharged from the molding nozzle 53. A heater control unit C that controls the heater 54 based on the signal S1 from the temperature sensor 55 is provided. The end face plate 5 and the heater control unit C will be described in detail later.

  The front end of a pair of rotating shafts 70 extending from the gear box 3 faces the surface of the casing 11 on the gear box 3 side, and a driving shaft 72 having a hexagonal cross section is connected to the leading ends of the rotating shafts 70 and 70. . The pair of drive shafts 72 extend in parallel to each other up to the vicinity of the inner surface of the end face plate 5. The helical shafts 2 and 2 are attached to the pair of drive shafts 72.

  The spiral shaft 2 has a shaft portion attached to the drive shaft 72 and a spiral blade portion formed on the peripheral surface of the shaft portion. The pair of helical shafts 2 and 2 attached to the pair of drive shafts 72 and 72 are arranged such that the spiral blade portions are formed in the opposite directions and the spiral blade portions overlap each other when viewed from the extending direction of the shaft portion. Has been. The pair of rotating shafts 70 are driven to rotate in opposite directions as indicated by arrows A1 and A2. As a result, the spiral shaft 2 is driven to rotate so that the spiral blade portions overlap from top to bottom, and the waste thrown into the casing 11 is sandwiched and transferred to the end face plate 5 side while being kneaded and compressed. It is formed as follows.

  The gear box 3 houses the pair of rotating shafts 70 and 70 and a spur gear 71 that is provided on the pair of rotating shafts 70 and 70 and meshes with each other. One of the pair of rotating shafts 70 is connected to a coupling 4 provided adjacent to the gear box 3. The coupling 4 is connected to a speed reducer R, and the rotational force transmitted from the motor M via the transmission T is decelerated by the speed reducer R, and the one rotating shaft 70 is connected via the coupling 4. Is transmitted to. Rotational force is transmitted from the one rotary shaft 70 to the other rotary shaft 70 via the spur gear 71, so that the pair of rotary shafts 70, 70 rotate at the same speed in opposite directions. .

  A cutting machine 6 is attached to the flange 13 of the casing via a cutting machine hinge 61, and the processed waste discharged from the forming nozzle 53 of the end face plate 5 is cut by the cutting machine 6. The cutting machine 6 includes rotary blades 61 and 61 that rotate around a rotary shaft connected to one end to cut waste, and a rotary blade motor 63 that drives the rotary blade 61. The cutting machine hinge 61 of the cutting machine is fixed to the edge of the end face plate 5 opposite to the edge to which the link hinge device 51 is fixed, and the cutting machine 6 is in a direction opposite to the direction in which the end face plate 5 rotates. Can be rotated. The cutting machine 6 is arranged on the outer surface of the end face plate 5 with the end face plate 5 closing the end of the casing. When opening the end face plate 5, the end face plate 5 is rotated in a direction opposite to the rotating direction of the cutting machine 6 in a state where the cutting machine 6 is rotated to the open position as shown in FIG. 1. Thereby, maintenance work of the end face plate 5, maintenance work of the spiral shaft 2 in the casing 11 performed by opening the end face plate 5, and maintenance work of the lining pieces in the casing 11 (the lining pieces will be described later). It can be done easily.

  FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing the inside of the processing body 1.

  The pair of helical shafts 2, 2 are formed by a first helical shaft 21, a second helical shaft 22, and a third helical shaft 23 in order from the inlet 12 side in the casing 11 toward the end face plate 5 side. Is formed. Each spiral shaft 21, 22, 23 is formed of shaft portions 21a, 22a, 23a and spiral blade portions 21b, 22b, 23b. The shaft portions 21a and 22a of the first and second helical shafts are formed with through holes 21c and 22c having a hexagonal cross section inserted through the drive shaft 72 coaxially with the central axis. On the other hand, the shaft portion 23a of the third spiral shaft is formed with a bottomed hole 23c having a hexagonal cross section that fits into the tip portion of the drive shaft 72 and is coaxial with the central shaft. A bolt hole 24 connected to the bottomed hole 23c is provided on the end surface of the shaft portion 23a of the third helical shaft. The first and second helical shafts 21 and 22 are attached to the drive shaft 72 through the through holes 21c and 22c, and the bottomed hole 23 is fitted and the third helical shaft 23 is attached. The bolt 25 is inserted into the bolt hole 24 on the end surface of the third spiral shaft 23, and the bolt 25 is screwed to the drive shaft 72 to fix the first to third spiral shafts 21, 22, and 23 to the drive shaft 72. To do.

  FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view showing the first, second and third helical shafts 21, 22 and 23 constituting the helical shaft 2. The first spiral shaft 21, the second spiral shaft 22, and the third spiral shaft 23 are formed such that the diameters D1, D2, and D3 of the shaft portions 21a, 22a, and 23a are increased in this order. Further, the pitches P1, P2, and P3 of the spiral blade portions 21b, 22b, and 23b are formed smaller in this order. Furthermore, the thicknesses T1, T2, and T3 of the spiral blade portions 21b, 22b, and 23b are formed larger in this order. As a result, the volume of the processing chamber formed between the surface of each of the spiral shafts 21, 22, and 23 and the inner surface of the casing 11 is set to the first spiral shaft 21, the second spiral shaft 22, and the third It is made small in order with the spiral axis 23. Therefore, the first spiral shaft 21, the second spiral shaft 22, and the third spiral shaft 23 reliably transfer waste without causing inconveniences such as biting, and sequentially apply a large compressive force to the waste. Can act. The volume of the portion of the processing chamber facing the third helical shaft 23 is set to a ratio between 1/2 and 1/3 (hereinafter referred to as the volume of the portion of the processing chamber facing the first helical shaft 21). The volume reduction ratio). By using the spiral shaft 2 having such a volume reduction ratio, waste having a bulk specific gravity of 0.025 at the time of charging and a bulk density of approximately 0.45 to 0.5 at the time of discharging from the molding nozzle 53 of the end face plate are used. It can be compressed to an extent between. Further, waste having a specific gravity of 0.025 at the time of charging can be compressed to an extent that the true specific gravity is approximately between 0.8 and 1 when discharged from the forming nozzle 53.

  The end portion on the first spiral shaft side 21 of the shaft portion 22a of the second spiral shaft and the end portion on the second spiral shaft side 22 of the shaft portion 23a of the third spiral shaft are each formed in a tapered shape. Accordingly, when the waste is sequentially transferred by the first to third spiral shafts 21, 22, and 23, even if the diameters of the shaft portions 21a, 22a, and 23a are sequentially increased, the resistance given to the waste is reduced. ing.

  In addition, the first spiral shaft 21, the second spiral shaft 22, and the third spiral shaft 23 all form one turn of the spiral blade portions 21b, 22b, and 23b. That is, one end of the spiral blade portions 21b, 22b, and 23b of each spiral shaft is at substantially the same circumferential position as the other end of the spiral blades 21b, 22b, and 23b when viewed from the axial direction. This facilitates the manufacture of the spiral shafts 21, 22, and 23 and facilitates maintenance work such as repair and replacement of the spiral shafts 21, 22, and 23.

  FIG. 4A is a front view showing the third spiral shaft 23, and FIG. 4B is a side view showing the third spiral shaft 23. In FIG. 4B, the left side is the front side, and is arranged close to the inner side surface of the end face plate 5. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the third spiral shaft 23 has a flat surface portion 23d that is connected to the end of the spiral blade portion 23b and is formed substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the shaft portion 23a. The flat portion 23d is driven to rotate in the vicinity of the inner surface of the end plate 5 so that the waste compressed at a high density is reliably pushed out from the molding nozzle 53 of the end plate 5. Since the third helical shaft 23 gives the maximum compressive force among the compressive forces given by the helical shafts 21, 22, 23 to the waste, the amount of wear is larger than that of the other helical shafts and is mixed into the waste. Chipping is likely to occur due to a metal piece or the like. Therefore, the third spiral shaft 23 is constituted by a base portion formed of chrome steel and a built-up portion formed by welding on the surface of the base portion. This built-up portion is preferably formed using a wear-resistant material such as tungsten carbide material.

  The third spiral shaft 23 has an oil hole 28 extending in the radial direction in the shaft portion 23 a, and supplies the lubricating oil between the bottomed hole 23 c of the shaft portion 23 a and the drive shaft 72 through the oil hole 28. . As the lubricating oil, it is preferable to use graphite grease. As a result, in spite of a large compressive force applied to the waste, there are problems such as stress corrosion, sticking, and biting of fine particles of waste between the shaft portion 23a of the third spiral shaft and the drive shaft 72. It can be prevented from occurring. Similarly to the third spiral shaft 23, the first and second spiral shafts 21 and 22 also supply lubricating oil between the spiral shafts and the drive shaft 72 through oil holes formed in the spiral shafts.

  The third spiral shaft 23 has four jack screw holes 27 on the end surface of the shaft portion 23a. By screwing a jack screw into the jack screw hole 27 and applying a force to the end surface of the drive shaft 72 with the jack screw, the third helical shaft 23 can be easily pulled out of the drive shaft 72.

  FIG. 5 is a view showing the inside of the casing 11 with the end face plate 5 removed. In FIG. 5, illustration of the flange 13 of the casing is omitted. In the casing 11, a plurality of lining pieces 15, 15,... Surrounding the second and third spiral shafts 22, 23 are arranged. A waste treatment chamber is formed between the plurality of lining pieces 15 and the outer surfaces of the second and third helical shafts 22 and 23. Eight lining pieces 15 are provided in the direction perpendicular to the second and third helical shafts 22 and 23, and two rows are provided in the axial direction of the second and third helical shafts 22 and 23. The two lining pieces 15 in the axial direction are formed of a row that generally extends around the second helical axis 22 and a row that generally extends around the third helical axis 23. FIG. 5 illustrates a state in which the lining piece 15 is seen through from the normal direction of each surface of the eight surfaces of the casing 11 having an octagonal cross section on the normal extension side of each surface.

  The lining piece 15 is formed such that one surface protrudes in the normal direction to the wall surface portion 15a facing the edge of the spiral blade portions 22b and 23b of the second or third spiral shaft and the other surface of the wall surface portion 15a. And a wedge hole 15c provided in the vicinity of the tip of the protrusion 15b. The wall surface portion 15a of the lining piece is formed of wear-resistant steel. The lining piece 15 is disposed inside the casing 11 with the protruding portion 15 b protruding outward from a through-hole formed in the casing 11. A wedge 16 is inserted from the outside of the casing 11 into a wedge hole 15 c that protrudes outside the casing 11 of the protruding portion 15 b, and the lining piece 15 is fixed to the casing 11. Thereby, the lining piece 15 can be easily attached to and detached from the casing 11 with a simple configuration. In particular, the lining piece 15 around the third spiral shaft 23 is subject to wear and chipping because the waste that contacts one surface of the wall surface portion 15a is subjected to a high compressive force, but the lining piece 15 is easily formed. Since it is detachable, maintenance work such as repair or replacement can be easily performed.

  6A is a front view showing the end plate 5, FIG. 6B is a plan view showing the end plate 5 attached to the end of the casing 11, and FIG. 6C is a side view showing the end plate 5. is there.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the end face plate 5 is provided with a plurality of discharge holes 52, 52... In a region through which the flat portion 23 d of the third spiral axis passes. A molding nozzle 53 is inserted into the discharge hole 52 as shown in FIG. 6C. Steps 52 a are formed in the openings on both the front and back sides of the discharge hole 52. A flange 53 a provided at the end of the nozzle is engaged with the step 52 a of the discharge hole, and the molding nozzle 53 is inserted into the discharge hole 52. I try to install it. As shown in FIG. 3A, the molding nozzle 53 is mounted in the discharge hole 52 with the flange 53 a facing the casing 11. The tip portion of the molding nozzle 53 protrudes outward from the surface of the end face plate 5 over a length of 5 mm to 10 mm. The end face plate 5 is provided with a through hole 5a over the entire circumference, and is fixed to the flange 13 of the casing by a bolt inserted into the through hole 5a.

  The end face plate 5 incorporates a linear heater 54 extending in the vertical direction. The heater 54 is a resistance heating type heater that performs heating by electric resistance. The heaters 54 are arranged in six rows in the width direction, and two rows are arranged in the thickness direction at the positions in the width direction. Regarding the arrangement intervals of the heaters 54 in the width direction, the arrangement intervals of the central four rows are substantially equal to each other, while the arrangement intervals of the outermost rows on both sides are larger than the arrangement intervals of the central four rows. Thus, in the width direction of the end face plate 5, the heating amount to the center where the number of discharge holes 52 is large and the amount of waste passing is large, and the both sides where the number of discharge holes 52 is small and the amount of waste passing is small. There are more than departments. Thereby, the heating amount per unit volume of the waste is made substantially uniform over the width direction of the end face plate 5.

  Further, by arranging the heaters 54 in two rows in the thickness direction of the end face plate 5, even when the mounting surface is exchanged between the front and back surfaces as described later, the heating characteristics of the waste can be hardly changed. Further, even if one heater 54 in the thickness direction fails, the waste can be heated by the other heater 54, so that the reliability of the heating function can be improved.

  A temperature sensor 55 is provided on the end face plate 5. Specifically, a sleeve-like temperature sensor 55 is fitted on the outer surface of the tip portion of the forming nozzle 53 protruding from the end face plate 5. In addition, you may fix a plate-shaped temperature sensor to the front-end | tip part of the shaping | molding nozzle 53 with a band. This temperature sensor 55 detects the temperature of the waste material after being pushed out from the casing 11. The temperature sensor 55 is connected to the heater control unit C. The temperature sensor may be built in the end face plate 5. Specifically, the main body may be embedded in the end face plate 5 so that the heat receiving portion is exposed on the inner surface of the predetermined discharge hole 52 among the plurality of discharge holes 52. Or you may detect the temperature of the waste material which was discharged | emitted from the shaping | molding nozzle 53, and fell to the lower bucket with the infrared temperature sensor. In short, it is only necessary that the temperature of the waste after the treatment by the spiral shaft 2 can be detected.

  The heater control unit C controls the operation of the heater 54 based on the signal S1 from the temperature sensor 55. Specifically, in response to the signal S1 from the temperature sensor 55, the power P supplied to the heater 54 is controlled so that the temperature of the waste is within a temperature range of 100 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower. By setting the temperature of the waste to 100 ° C. or higher, a melt such as plastic in the waste can be sufficiently melted, and non-melt materials such as paper can be sufficiently adhered to each other. As a result, the solidified product obtained by cooling the treated waste can have good shape retention. Further, by setting the temperature of the waste to 180 ° C. or less, it is possible to prevent the disadvantage that chlorine gas is generated from the polyvinyl chloride in the waste.

  Further, the heater control unit C is configured to heat the heater 54 in response to the activation signal S2 from the control device of the solidification processing device when the solidification processing device is activated. As a result, the waste in the molding nozzle 53 remaining and solidified at the end of the previous operation is melted, and the waste after treatment can be quickly discharged from the molding nozzle 53 even immediately after startup.

  The heater control unit C may be configured using a thermostat, or may be configured using a thyristor.

  A terminal case 56 is attached to the upper end of the end face plate 5. The terminal case 56 accommodates power wiring connected to the 12 heaters 54, and a connector 57 a connected to the power wiring is provided on the side surface of the terminal case 56. The terminal case 56 accommodates a signal wiring connected to the temperature sensor 55, and a connector 57b connected to the signal wiring is provided at the upper end. Further, the terminal case 56 is connected to the upper end of the end face plate 5 by a suspension bolt 58, and the end face plate 5 is suspended via the suspension bolt 58 by suspending an eye bolt 59 fixed to the upper surface of the terminal case 56. Can be suspended. In FIG. 6B, the terminal case 56 is not shown.

  A link hinge device 51 that rotatably connects the end face plate 5 to the flange 13 of the casing is formed including a link mechanism. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6B, the link hinge device 51 includes an end face plate-side metal fitting 51a fixed to the side surface of the end face plate 5 and a flange side metal fitting 51b fixed near the edge of the front surface of the flange 13. The two are connected by two intermediate arms 51c and 51c. The end plate side metal fitting 51a and the intermediate arm 51c, the two intermediate arms 51c and 51c, and the intermediate arm 51c and the flange side metal fitting 51b are connected to each other by pins 51e so as to be rotatable. . In the link hinge device 51, while the angle between the two intermediate arms 51c and 51c is changed, one of the intermediate arms 51c rotates with respect to the end face plate side metal fitting 51a, and the flange side metal fitting 51b. The other intermediate arm 51c rotates. Thereby, the end face plate 5 can be rotated and can be moved horizontally in the thickness direction. By forming the end face plate 5 so as to be horizontally movable in the thickness direction, the end face plate 5 can be fixed to the flange 13 with a frame-like spacer sandwiched between the flange 13 of the casing and the end face plate 5. When the end face plate 5 is attached to the flange 13 of the casing by a hinge having only a turning function, if the end face plate 5 is fixed to the flange 13 with the spacer interposed therebetween, the thickness of the spacer causes the end face plate 5 to be separated from the hinge of the end face plate 5. A distant part cannot adhere to the flange 13.

  FIG. 7 is a front view showing the spacer 8 sandwiched between the end face plate 5 and the flange 13 of the casing. The spacer 8 has an outer edge dimension substantially the same as the outer edge dimension of the end face plate 5, and a through hole 8 a is provided at a position continuous with the through hole 5 a when the end face plate 5 is overlapped. At the center of the spacer 8, there is provided a bowl-shaped cut portion 8 b cut out over a slightly wider range than the region in which the plane portion 23 d of the third spiral axis faces and draws a rotation locus. The spacer 8 is sandwiched between the end face plate 5 and the flange 13 of the casing, and a bolt is inserted through the through hole 5a of the end face plate and the through hole 8a of the spacer, thereby fixing the end face plate 5 and the spacer 8 to the flange 13. . By using this spacer 8, the clearance between the surface (attachment surface) of the end face plate 5 facing the inside of the casing 11 and the flat surface portion 23 d of the third spiral shaft in the casing 11 can be adjusted with high accuracy. In addition, while the spacer 8 is attached at the beginning of the operation, the end plate 5 can be used until the predetermined amount of wear occurs after the spacer 8 is removed by removing the spacer 8 after the predetermined amount of wear is generated by the operation. The end face plate 5 can be used for a long time.

  The end face plate 5 has a plurality of bolt holes 5b, 5b,... To which the end face plate side metal fitting 51a is attached on both side faces. Further, the end face plate 5 has stepped portions 52a on both the front and back sides of the discharge holes 52, which are engaged with the flanges 53a of the nozzles. Thereby, as for the end surface board 5, the attachment surface attached toward the inside of the casing 11 is exchangeable between front and back both surfaces. Therefore, the end face plate 5 can be used by exchanging both sides despite the relatively large amount of wear due to the high compression force of the waste by the third spiral shaft 23, so that a relatively long service life can be obtained. . In particular, by using the spacer 8, the service life of the end face plate 5 can be effectively extended.

  The solidification processing apparatus having the above configuration operates as follows.

  First, the start switch of the solidification processing apparatus is pressed by the operator, and the operation is started. As the start switch is pressed, a start signal S2 is output from the control device of the solidification processing device to the heater control unit C. The heater control unit C that has received the start signal S2 supplies electric power P to the heater 54 of the end face plate and preheats the end face plate 5. This melts the solidified waste remaining in the molding nozzle 53 at the end of the previous operation.

  Subsequently, the motor M is activated under the control of the control device, and the rotational force of the motor M is transmitted to the rotary shaft 70 via the transmission T, the speed reducer R, and the coupling 4. A pair of rotating shafts 70 in the gear box 3 rotate in opposite directions, and a pair of helical shafts 2 and 2 attached to a drive shaft 72 connected to the rotating shaft 70 rotate in opposite directions in the casing 11. The pair of helical shafts 2 and 2 are directed inward in the width direction in plan view and are rotated in a direction from top to bottom in front view. It is preferable that the helical shaft 2 rotates at a relatively low speed of 30 rpm (per rotation) or more and 60 rpm or less.

  When the driving of the processing body 1 is started in this way, the input of waste is started from the input port 12 of the casing 11. The waste is preferably a mixture of a melt such as plastic and a non-melt material such as paper. In particular, it is preferable that the composition ratio of the waste is between 40 wt% (weight percent) and 60 wt% or less of the melt, and 30 wt% or more and 40 wt% or less of the non-melt. It should be noted that the other proportion of the components may be water or water such as garbage.

  In the casing 11, the thrown-in waste is sandwiched and kneaded by the pair of first spiral shafts 21, and reliably transferred to the second spiral shaft 22 side by a powerful sandwiching force. The second spiral shaft 22 guides waste into a processing chamber formed between the second spiral shaft 22 and the lining piece 15 and performs kneading and compression of the waste. Since the waste guided into the processing chamber is kneaded and compressed while being sent to the end face plate 5 side by the rotation of the second spiral shaft 22, the backflow of waste is effectively prevented. Subsequently, the third spiral shaft 23 guides the waste into the processing chamber formed between the third spiral shaft 23 and the lining piece 15 and performs further kneading and compression. The first, second, and third spiral shafts 21, 22, and 23 are formed such that the diameters D1, D2, and D3 of the shaft portions 21a, 22a, and 23a are increased in this order, and the pitch P1 of the spiral blade portions 21b, 22b, and 23b is formed. , P2 and P3 are formed large, and the thicknesses T1, T2 and T3 of the spiral blade portions 21b, 22b and 23b are formed large, so that the waste can be effectively used without any inconvenience such as biting of the waste or a decrease in density. Kneading and compression.

  Further, the first, second and third helical shafts 21, 22, and 23 can effectively generate compression heat and friction heat in the waste by kneading the waste with a large compressive force in order. Can do. Thereby, the melted material such as plastic contained in the waste can be effectively melted. The compression heat and frictional heat are effective when the melt contained in the waste is between 40 wt% and 60 wt% and the non-melt is 30 wt% and 40 wt% as described above. Can be generated. As described above, since the melt can be sufficiently melted by the compression heat or frictional heat of the waste, it is not necessary to provide a heater on the side surface of the casing 11 as in the prior art. That is, the waste melt can be sufficiently dissolved by supplementary heating by the heater 54 of the end face plate 5.

  The heating temperature of the waste by the heater 54 is controlled by the heater control unit C within a temperature range of 100 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower. By setting the waste to 100 ° C. or higher, the melt can be sufficiently dissolved and sufficiently infiltrated into the non-melt, and the non-melt can be brought into close contact with each other. Further, by setting the waste to 180 ° C. or lower, it is possible to prevent the disadvantage that chlorine gas is generated from polyvinyl chloride or the like in the waste. In addition, the range of the heating temperature of the waste controlled by the heater control unit C is not limited to 100 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower, and can be appropriately changed according to the substance contained in the waste. In short, the temperature may be not less than the temperature at which the melt is sufficiently melted and sufficiently adhered to the non-melt, and not more than the temperature at which the temperature of the melt is excessively increased and no toxic substance is generated.

  The waste material guided to the third spiral shaft 23 and compressed at a high pressure is pushed out in a rod shape from the forming nozzle 53 of the end face plate 5 in a state where the melt is melted. The extruded bar-shaped waste is cut into a predetermined length by the cutting machine 6 and dropped into a bucket disposed below and collected. The rod-shaped waste cut to a predetermined length solidifies as the temperature decreases, and becomes solid regenerated fuel. The solid regenerated fuel thus obtained has a calorific value of 5000 to 6000 cal / g and can be used as a fuel.

  In the solidification processing apparatus of this embodiment, since the helical shaft 2 gives a higher compressive force to the waste than in the past, the frequency of maintenance tends to be higher than in the past. Therefore, the maintenance work and cost burden of the maintenance are reduced by facilitating the maintenance of the spiral shaft 2, the end face plate 5 and the lining piece 15. For example, when a predetermined maintenance time arrives, maintenance work is performed as follows.

  First, the cutting machine 6 located on the front side of the end face plate 5 is rotated around the cutting machine hinge 61 to the open position shown in FIG. Subsequently, the bolt that fixes the end face plate 5 and the flange 13 of the casing is removed, and the end face plate 5 is rotated around the link hinge device 51. Since the cutting machine 6 is located on the side opposite to the direction in which the end face plate 5 rotates, the end face plate 5 can be easily rotated. The end face plate 5 has a thickness of 10 cm or more and a weight of 2 to 3 tons to withstand a high compressive force applied to waste. Therefore, the terminal case 56 is attached to the end face plate 5, the hanging metal fitting is hung on the eyebolt 59 of the terminal case 56, and the end face plate 5 is supported and handled by a chain block or a crane. Note that the eyebolt may be directly fixed to the upper end of the end face plate 5 and the hanging bracket may be hung.

  Subsequently, maintenance work of the spiral shaft 2 and the lining piece 15 in the casing 11 is performed. Specifically, the wear amount of the second and third spiral shafts 22 and 23, the wear amount of the lining piece 15, and the wear amount of the inner surface of the end face plate 5 are inspected. When the amount of wear exceeds a specified value, build-up repair of the spiral blade portions 22b and 23b of the second and third spiral shafts, and build-up repair of the end surface of the shaft portion 23a of the third spiral shaft and the flat surface portion 23d are performed. . When the second and third spiral shafts 22 and 23 are repaired or the like, a jack screw is screwed into the jack screw hole 27 of the third spiral shaft 23, and a pulling force is applied to the drive shaft 72 by the jack screw. As a result, the third spiral shaft 23 can be easily pulled out from the drive shaft 72, and then the second spiral shaft 22 can be easily detached from the drive shaft 72. Since graphite grease is supplied between each of the spiral shafts 21, 22 and 23 and the drive shaft 72, the second and third spiral shafts 22 and 23 can be easily detached.

  Further, when the wear amount of the lining piece 15 surrounding the second and third helical shafts 22 and 23 exceeds a predetermined reference value, the lining piece 15 is replaced. In particular, the lining piece 15 surrounding the third spiral shaft 23 having a large compressive force applied to waste has a large amount of wear. Here, the lining piece 15 can be easily replaced by removing the wedge 16 on the outer surface of the casing 11.

  Further, when the amount of wear on the inner side surface of the end face plate 5 exceeds a predetermined reference value, build-up repair or replacement is performed. In the end face plate 5, the flat portion 23 d of the third helical shaft approaches and rotates in the region where the discharge hole 52 is formed, so that the amount of wear in this region is particularly large. When the end face plate 5 is exchanged, the attachment surface facing the inside of the casing 11 can be exchanged between the front and back surfaces. When exchanging the mounting surface of the end plate 5, the end plate 51a attached to the bolt hole 5b on one side is removed. Subsequently, the end face plate 5 is rotated by 180 ° in the horizontal direction, and the end face plate side metal fitting 51a is attached to the bolt hole 5b on the other side face. The end face plate 5 is rotated around the link hinge device 51, the surface facing the outside of the casing 11 until then is brought into close contact with the flange 13, and a bolt is inserted into the through hole 5 a and fixed to the flange 13. To do. When both ends of the end face plate 5 are worn, the end face plate 5 is replaced with a new one. As described above, the end face plate 5 is used for a relatively long period of time by repairing and using the front and back surfaces despite the relatively large amount of wear by giving the waste a high compressive force. can do. Further, the use life of the end face plate 5 can be effectively extended by using the spacer 8. Thus, the maintenance cost can be reduced by extending the service life of the end face plate 5.

  In the above-described embodiment, waste including plastic as a melt and paper as a non-melt is processed as an example of a process, but the process includes a melt other than plastic and a non-paper non-melt. It may contain a melt. Moreover, it is not restricted to paper, You may include non-molten materials, such as wood, a fiber, or an animal and plant residue. Further, the object to be processed may be raw garbage or sludge.

  Further, the non-melted material to be processed is not limited to an organic material, and may include an inorganic material. Further, the non-melted product may contain a metal such as iron powder. A solidified fuel having a large specific gravity can be obtained by solidifying the object to be processed containing a metal in the non-molten material. In particular, a solidified fuel obtained by processing an object to be processed in which iron powder is contained in a non-molten material can be used for manufacturing steel. That is, pig iron can be reduced by putting solidified fuel containing iron powder into an electric furnace and reacting the solidified fuel with pig iron. Thus, steel can be manufactured by an electric furnace without using a converter.

  In addition, non-melted material to be treated is discharged from, for example, printing press toner, incinerated ash and fly ash collected by boiler dust collectors, sludge discharged from paper mills, etc., or sewage / wastewater treatment facilities. The sludge etc. which were made may be sufficient. The sludge is preferably subjected to a pretreatment such as moisture reduction or fermentation, and then a treatment by the solidification treatment apparatus of the present embodiment.

  Moreover, the to-be-processed object may be agricultural waste in which a melt and a non-melt are mixed. As this kind of agricultural waste, there are those including nets and shelves made of synthetic resin and plants entangled with the nets and shelves. Examples of such plants include vines such as hops. According to the solidification processing apparatus of this embodiment, this kind of agricultural waste can be solidified as it is without taking the trouble of separating the net and the plant to obtain a solidified fuel.

It is a top view which shows the solidification processing apparatus of embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows a solidification processing apparatus. It is sectional drawing which shows the inside of the process main body of a solidification processing apparatus. It is sectional drawing which showed the 1st, 2nd and 3rd helical axis which comprises a helical axis. It is a front view which shows a 3rd spiral axis. It is a side view which shows a 3rd spiral axis. It is the figure which showed the mode in the casing which removed the end surface board and was seen from the end surface side, and the lining piece arrange | positioned in this casing. It is a front view which shows an end surface board. It is a top view which shows a mode that the end surface board was attached to the edge part of a casing. It is a side view which shows an end surface board. It is a front view which shows a spacer. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing apparatus of the conventional solid regeneration fuel.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing body 2 Spiral shaft 5 End face plate 8 Spacer 11 Casing 12 Input port 13 Flange 21 1st spiral shaft 22 2nd spiral shaft 23 3rd spiral shaft 51 Link hinge apparatus 52 Discharge hole 53 Nozzle 54 Heater 55 Temperature sensor 72 Drive shaft C Heater controller

Claims (8)

A casing having an input port into which an object to be processed is input;
A pair of rotary drive shafts disposed in the casing and driven to rotate in opposite directions;
A first spiral shaft that is detachably attached to the pair of rotational drive shafts, sandwiches the workpiece to be processed inserted from the inlet, and feeds it to the end face side of the casing, while preventing the backflow of the workpiece. A helical shaft having a second helical shaft to be compressed and a third helical shaft for further compressing the workpiece to be pushed out of the casing;
An end face plate that is detachably attached to the end face of the casing and has a discharge hole for discharging the object to be processed pushed out by the third helical shaft,
The end face plate is formed so that the attachment surface that faces the inside of the casing can be exchanged between the front and back surfaces, and can be attached to the end face of the casing with a spacer interposed therebetween. Solidification processing equipment. In the solidification processing apparatus of Claim 1,
Solidification characterized by comprising a link hinge device connected to the edge of the end face plate and the edge of the end face of the casing and rotating the end face plate about a vertical axis and linearly moving in the thickness direction. Processing equipment. In the solidification processing apparatus according to claim 2,
The solidification processing apparatus characterized in that attachment portions of the link hinge device are formed at edges on both sides in the width direction of the end face plate. In the solidification processing apparatus of Claim 1,
A solidification processing apparatus, wherein the end face plate is provided with a heater and a temperature sensor. In the solidification processing apparatus according to claim 4,
The end plate heaters have a linear shape extending in the height direction of the end plate, and are arranged in a plurality of rows in the width direction of the end plate, and two in the thickness direction in each row. A solidification processing apparatus characterized by comprising: In the solidification processing apparatus according to claim 5,
The solidification processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heater of the end face plate has a larger arrangement interval on the outer side in the width direction than an arrangement interval on the inner side in the width direction. In the solidification processing apparatus according to claim 4,
And a heater control unit that controls the heater based on a signal from the temperature sensor so that the temperature of the workpiece discharged from the discharge hole of the end face plate is 100 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower. Solidification processing equipment. In the solidification processing apparatus according to claim 5,
A solidification processing apparatus, wherein a terminal assembly having a heater terminal connected to the plurality of heaters and a sensor terminal connected to the temperature sensor is attached to an upper end of the end face plate.

Images