JP2009191579A - Operation part attachment/detachment device for working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an operation part attachment/detachment device, capable of easily attaching an operation part to a main vehicle, and avoiding a situation in which looseness is caused in the operation part after attachment. <P>SOLUTION: A clearance quantity in an engagement part A between the main vehicle and the operation part (concretely, an engagement hook 21 and a fulcrum pin 43b) is made adjustable. For example, the clearance quantity of the engagement part A can be adjusted by providing a clearance adjustment member 60 which can be inserted to the clearance of the engagement part A. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a working unit attaching / detaching device for a working machine, and more particularly, to a working unit attaching / detaching device for detachably connecting a working unit having a working attachment such as a bucket at the tip of a lift arm to a main body vehicle.

  A working unit attaching / detaching device disclosed in Patent Document 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 12 is a side view of the work machine 10, and the work machine 10 includes a main body vehicle 20, a work unit 40, and a work unit attachment / detachment device 50 that detachably connects the work unit 40 to the main body vehicle 20. The working unit attaching / detaching device 50 includes a connecting bracket 21 provided in the main vehicle 20 and a connecting frame 43 provided in the working unit 40.

  The connection bracket 21 is a steel plate member, and has a connection hole 21a at the upper part and a U-shaped engagement hook 21b at the lower part, as shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b). Around the connection hole 21a, a disk-shaped guide portion 21c is formed which is raised in a direction orthogonal to the paper surface. The engagement hook 21b supports the fulcrum pin 43b of the connection frame 43 of the working unit 40, as will be described later.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 14, the working unit 40 includes a lift arm 41 installed on the left and right sides of the main vehicle 20, a work attachment 42 that is swingably attached to the tip of the lift arm 41, and a lift arm. 41 and a connecting frame 43 attached to the proximal end of 41. The lift arm 41 supports the lift arm 41, which is provided on the base end side and operates the lifting and lowering of the lift arm 41, the dump cylinder 45 that is provided on the distal end and operates the lifting and lowering of the work attachment 42, and the lift arm 41. A stand 46 is attached.

  The connection frame 43 is composed of two steel plate members facing each other, and as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, a connection hole 43a is formed in the upper part of the two steel plate members. The fulcrum pin 43b is installed in the lower part between the steel plate members, and the guide plate 43c is formed on the opposing surface of the two steel plate members. The guide plate 43c is provided such that the vertical width gradually decreases from the engagement side end of the connection frame 43 toward the connection hole 43a. As described later, the mounting operation of the main vehicle 20 and the work unit 40 is performed. At this stage, the peripheral surface portion of the disk-shaped guide portion 21c of the connection bracket 21 abuts, and the connection hole 21a of the connection bracket 21 and the connected hole 43a of the connection frame 43 are guided to coincide with each other.

  The work of attaching the working unit 40 to the main vehicle 20 in the work machine 10 is performed according to the following procedure.

(1) As shown in FIG. 14, the working unit 40 is placed with the bottom surface of the work attachment 42 grounded and the stand 46 standing on the ground.

(2) The main body vehicle 20 is directed toward the work portion 40 so that the connection bracket 21 of the main body vehicle 20 is disposed below the connection frame 43 provided at the base end portion of the lift arm 41 of the work portion 40. Move (forward) to the right in the figure.

(3) Extending the piston rod of the dump cylinder 45 of the working unit 40 to gradually raise the work attachment 42 (see FIG. 12), lowering the connecting frame 43 side of the lift arm 41 with the stand 46 as a fulcrum, The fulcrum pin 43b of the connection frame 43 of the lift arm 41 is engaged with the engagement hook 21b of the connection bracket 21 of the main vehicle 20 (see FIG. 13A).

(4) Further, the piston rod of the dump cylinder 45 of the working unit 40 is extended, and the connection frame 43 of the working unit 40 is erected with the engaging portion of the fulcrum pin 43b and the engaging hook 21b as a fulcrum. And when the position of the to-be-connected hole 43a of the connecting frame 43 and the connecting hole 21a of the connecting bracket 21 is matched, a connecting pin is passed through these holes, thereby fixing the working unit 40 to the front of the main vehicle 20. (See FIG. 13B). After the fulcrum pin 43b and the engagement hook 21b are engaged by the lowering of the connection frame 43, the position of the connection hole 43a and the connection hole 21a can be adjusted by retracting the piston rod of the lift cylinder 44. good. Thereafter, the stand 46 is stored and the mounting is completed.

  As described above, in the above-described working unit attaching / detaching apparatus, the main body vehicle side connecting hole 21a and the working unit side engaging hole 21b and the working unit side supporting pin 43b are engaged with each other. Both are fixed by pin-connecting the connected hole 43a. Thereby, attachment and detachment with the main body vehicle 20 and the working part 40 which are heavy objects can be mainly performed by moving the main body vehicle 20 and operating the working part 40 irrespective of human power.

  In the above working unit attaching / detaching device, for example, when the ground is muddy, the main body vehicle and the working unit become unstable, making it difficult to align the both, and in particular, the engaging hook 21b on the main body vehicle side and the working unit The step of engaging the fulcrum pin 43b on the side (step (3) above) becomes difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to set the engagement hook 21b to be larger than the outer diameter of the fulcrum pin 43b, to provide a play between them, and to allow a positioning error during engagement.

  However, when play is provided between the engagement hook 21b and the fulcrum pin 43b as described above, a gap is formed in the engagement portion between the engagement hook 21b and the fulcrum pin 43b even when the working unit is fixed to the main body vehicle. As a result, there is a risk of rattling in the work section after installation.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a working unit attaching / detaching device that can easily attach a working unit to a main body vehicle and can avoid the occurrence of rattling in the working unit after mounting.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides an operation of detachably connecting a main body vehicle of a work machine and a work unit having a work attachment attached to a tip of a lift arm. A part attaching / detaching device, characterized in that an amount of a gap in an engaging part between a main vehicle and a working part can be adjusted.

  Thus, in the working part attaching / detaching device of the present invention, the gap amount in the engaging part between the main vehicle and the working part can be adjusted. As a result, when the working unit is mounted on the main body vehicle, the engagement can be facilitated by increasing the gap amount in the engaging portion. On the other hand, after the working unit is mounted on the main body vehicle, the gap By reducing the amount (or by setting the gap amount to 0), it is possible to suppress backlash of the working unit during work.

  In this case, for example, a gap adjusting member that can be inserted into the gap is provided, and the gap amount can be adjusted by inserting or removing the gap adjusting member into the gap. That is, when the working part is mounted, the gap adjustment member can be pulled out to increase the gap amount to facilitate engagement. After the working part is mounted, the gap adjusting member is inserted into the gap. The gap amount can be reduced (or the gap amount can be set to 0), and play of the working unit can be suppressed. At this time, if the gap adjusting member is clamped by the engaging portion by utilizing the weight of the working portion, the gap adjusting member can be prevented from coming off from the gap without providing a separate mechanism.

  Further, in the engagement portion, the gap amount can be adjusted by providing a holding portion capable of holding the engagement partner material in the main body vehicle or the working portion. In this case, when the working part is mounted, the width of the clamping part is widened to increase the gap amount to facilitate the mounting work, and after the working part is mounted, the engaging member is clamped by the clamping part. As a result, the gap amount can be reduced (or the gap amount can be set to 0) to suppress the play of the working part.

  By the way, when the work unit is detached from the main vehicle, the work unit can be set up with the stand provided in the work unit at the disengagement position, and the base end of the work unit (the connecting part with the main vehicle) can be moved up and down. It is done in the state. At this time, if the ground contact portion of the stand of the working unit is provided with a low friction member that reduces friction with the ground, the ground contact portion of the stand can easily slide on the ground, and the work portion can be easily moved up and down. As a result, for example, the base end of the working part can be easily moved up and down by expansion and contraction of the cylinder when the residual pressure of the cylinder provided in the working part is released. Separation can be performed, and the separation work can be simplified.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a working part attaching / detaching device that can easily attach the working part to the main vehicle and can avoid the occurrence of rattling in the working part after being attached.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a working unit attaching / detaching device 50 according to the present invention. This working part attaching / detaching device 50 is incorporated in the working machine 10 shown in FIG. 12, and mainly includes a connecting frame 43 provided in the working part 40 and a connecting bracket 21 provided in the main body vehicle 20. Two connecting frames 43 are provided so as to sandwich the connecting bracket 21 from both sides in the vehicle width direction (both sides perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1), and a part of the connecting frame 43 is shown in FIG. A guide portion 43d that is slightly opened and bent outward in the vehicle width direction is provided at the lower end portion of each connection frame 43 and the rear edge thereof. When the connection frame 43 and the connection bracket 21 are attached, the guide bracket 43 d can guide the connection bracket 21 between the two connection frames 43. The configuration other than the working unit attaching / detaching device 50 of the working machine 10 and the stand 46 of the working unit 40 is the same as that in FIG. In FIG. 1, the right side is the vehicle front side, and the left side is the vehicle rear side.

  The working part attaching / detaching device 50 can adjust the gap amount in the engaging part A between the connecting bracket 21 of the main body vehicle 20 and the connecting frame 43 of the working part 40. In this embodiment, the working part attaching / detaching device 50 is engaged with the connecting frame 43. A gap adjusting member 60 for adjusting the gap amount in the portion A is provided. The gap adjustment member 60 mainly includes an adjustment plate 61 and an adjustment plate lever 62, and is provided to be slidable in the vertical direction with respect to the connection frame 43. By inserting the tip of the adjustment plate 61 between the engagement portion A, that is, between the engagement hook 21b of the connection bracket 21 and the fulcrum pin 43b of the connection frame 43, the amount of clearance in the engagement portion A is reduced. Can be adjusted. In the illustrated example, the adjustment plate 61 is inserted until the gap amount becomes zero.

As shown in FIG. 2, the adjustment plate 61 includes a plate-like insertion portion 61 a that is inserted into the gap of the engagement portion A, and a rod-like connection portion 61 b that is connected to the adjustment plate lever 62. 61 b is connected to the adjustment plate lever 62 via the joint 63. The tip of the insertion portion 61a has a tapered shape as shown in FIG. 1, which facilitates insertion into the gap of the engagement portion A, and pushes the insertion portion 61a into this gap to completely eliminate the gap amount. Can be. The connecting portion 61b is sandwiched from both the front and rear sides by guide rollers 64 provided between the two connecting frames 43, whereby the adjustment plate 61 is guided to be slidable in the vertical direction.

The adjustment plate lever 62 is inserted into the hole 65a of the fixing portion 65 provided between the two connecting frames 43, and is inserted into the hole 66a of the lever holding portion 66 (see FIG. 3). Between the fixed portion 65 and the lever holding portion 66, a spring 67 having an adjustment plate lever 62 inserted on the inner periphery is interposed. Normally, as shown in FIG. 4A, the lever holding portion 66 is pushed upward by the elastic force of the spring 67, and the hole 66a of the lever holding portion 66 and the outer peripheral surface of the adjustment plate lever 62 come into contact with each other. As a result, the adjustment plate lever 62 is held at a predetermined position. When the adjustment plate lever 62 is moved, as shown in FIG. 4B, the lever holding portion 66 is pushed downward, and the hole 66a of the lever holding portion 66 and the adjustment plate lever 62 are brought into non-contact with each other. The holding of the lever 62 is released. In the illustrated example, the adjustment plate lever 62 can be held at an arbitrary position by making the outer peripheral surface of the adjustment plate lever 62 cylindrical, and thereby the gap amount of the engaging portion A can be surely reduced to zero. . The configuration of the adjustment plate lever 62 is not limited to this. For example, a recess is provided on the outer periphery of the adjustment plate lever 62, and the adjustment plate lever 62 is moved by engaging the recess with the hole 66 a of the lever holding portion 66. You may make it hold | maintain (illustration omitted). In this case, the adjustment plate lever 62 can be reliably held at a predetermined position.

  FIG. 5 shows a side view of the working unit 40. The working unit 40 is provided with a low friction member 47 for reducing friction with the ground at a grounding portion of a stand 46 provided on the lift arm 41. Specifically, for example, a roller 48 as shown in FIG. 6 or a resin plate 49 as shown in FIG. 7 is provided. The material of the resin plate 49 is not particularly limited as long as it reduces friction with the ground. For example, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene can be used.

  In the working machine 10 having such a working unit attaching / detaching device 50, the working unit 40 is mounted on the main vehicle 20 as follows. First, the fulcrum pin 43b of the working unit 40 and the engagement hook 21 of the main body vehicle 20 are engaged through the same steps as the conventional steps (1) to (3) described above. At the time of this engagement, the adjustment plate lever 62 of the gap adjustment member 60 is pulled upward so that the tip of the adjustment plate 61 is not involved in the engagement between the engagement hook 21b and the fulcrum pin 43b. Thus, a sufficient gap amount of the engaging portion A between the engaging hook 21b and the fulcrum pin 43b can be provided, so that the relative displacement between the working portion 40 and the main body vehicle 20 can be allowed. The mounting work can be facilitated.

  When the engagement between the fulcrum pin 43b and the engagement hook 21b is completed, by further extending the dump cylinder 45 from the state shown in FIG. 12, the front wheel of the main vehicle 20 is slightly lifted as shown in FIG. 9, the connecting frame 43 is rotated counterclockwise in the drawing around the connecting pin (connecting hole 43 a). As a result, the fulcrum pin 43b of the connection frame 43 moves forward, and the amount of clearance in the engaging portion A between the fulcrum pin 43b and the engagement hook 21b increases. In this state, the adjustment plate lever 62 of the gap adjustment member 60 is lowered and the tip of the adjustment plate 61 is inserted into the gap of the engaging portion A. At the same time, the connecting pin is passed through the connecting hole 21a and the connected hole 43a. Thereafter, when the dump cylinder 45 is retracted or the lift cylinder 44 is extended and the front wheel of the main vehicle 20 is grounded, the work frame 43 rotates in the clockwise direction of FIG. 9 due to the gravity of the work attachment 42 and the like. And the front-end | tip part of the adjustment board 61 is pinched | interposed by the fulcrum pin 43b and the engagement hook 21b. As described above, the adjustment plate 61 is inserted into the gap of the engaging portion A between the fulcrum pin 43b and the engaging hook 21 to suppress the play of the working portion 40 during work. Further, since the adjustment plate 61 is sandwiched between the fulcrum pin 43b and the engagement hook 21b, the adjustment plate 61 can be prevented from coming off from the gap of the engagement portion A of the adjustment plate 61 by the same effect as the wedge.

  When the working unit 40 is detached from the main vehicle 20, basically, an operation reverse to the above mounting operation may be performed. Below, this separation operation will be described.

(1) The dump cylinder 45 is extended, the work attachment 42 is raised, and the front wheel of the main vehicle is slightly lifted (see FIG. 8). As a result, the fulcrum pin 43b holding the adjustment plate 61 and the engagement hook 21b are separated from each other, and the holding force applied to the adjustment plate 61 is removed. In this state, the adjusting plate lever 62 is pulled up to pull out the adjusting plate 61 from the gap, and at the same time, the connecting pin is pulled out from the connecting hole 21a and the connected hole 43a. At this time, the cylinders 44 and 45 may be expanded and contracted as necessary to align the connecting hole 21a and the connected hole 43a.

(2) After the stand 46 is set in the standing position, the dump cylinder 45 is retracted, the bottom of the work attachment 42 is horizontally grounded, and the stand 46 is placed on the ground (the connection frame 43 and the connection bracket 21 in FIG. 12). And the engaged state).

(3) The residual pressure of the dump cylinder 45 is completely removed, and the dump cylinder 45 is retracted by the gravity of the working unit 40, thereby lifting the base end side of the lift arm 41 upward. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, since the low friction member 47 is provided on the grounding portion of the stand 46, the grounding portion of the stand 46 is easy to lift the lift arm 41 (right side in FIG. 5). The base end of the lift arm 41 and the connecting frame 43 attached to the base end are lifted upward. As a result, the fulcrum pin 43b provided on the connection frame 43 moves upward with respect to the engagement hook 21b of the connection bracket 21 on the main vehicle 20 side, and the engagement state between the fulcrum pin 43b and the engagement hook 21b is released. Is done. Thus, by providing the low friction member 47 in the grounding portion of the stand 46, the engagement between the fulcrum pin 43b and the engagement hook 21b can be released by the retraction of the cylinder due to the release of residual pressure.

(4) Thereafter, the hydraulic piping or the like (not shown) is separated, and the main body vehicle 20 is moved backward to complete the separation.

  In addition, in this embodiment, although the structure which inserts the clearance gap adjustment member 60 from the upper direction of the clearance gap of the engaging part A was shown, it is not restricted to this, For example, the structure inserted from the downward direction of the clearance gap of the engaging part A, a vehicle It may be configured to be inserted from the width direction (direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. 1).

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Hereinafter, other embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the following description, portions having the same configuration and function as those of the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  The embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is different from the above embodiment in the configuration of the gap adjusting member 60. In the illustrated example, the adjustment plate lever 62 is rotatably attached to the adjustment plate 61 via the joint 163. Further, a lock nut 68 is provided on the upper surface of the fixed portion 65, and a lock nut lever 69 protruding to the outer diameter is provided on the lock nut 68. On the outer periphery of the adjustment plate lever 62 inserted into the inner periphery of the lock nut 68, a male thread portion that is screwed with the inner thread portion of the lock nut 68 is formed (not shown). When the adjustment plate lever 62 is rotated in one direction and the screw is tightened, the adjustment plate lever 62 and the adjustment plate 61 move downward, and when the adjustment plate lever 62 is rotated in the other direction and the screw is loosened, the adjustment plate lever 62 and The adjustment plate 61 moves upward. Thereby, the gap adjusting member 60 can be moved up and down with respect to the connecting frame 43. When the lock nut 68 is rotated and the screw is tightened, the rotation of the adjustment plate lever 62 is restricted, and the adjustment plate lever 62 is held at a predetermined position. Conversely, when the lock nut 68 itself is loosened, the holding of the adjustment plate lever 62 is released, and the adjustment plate lever 62 can be rotated and moved up and down. The lock nut 68 and the lock nut lever 69 may be configured by combining a spectacle wrench having a ratchet function and a nut.

  In the above embodiment, the means for adjusting the gap of the engaging portion A is shown by inserting the gap adjusting member 60 into the gap, but is not limited thereto. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, a clamping member 160 is provided in the connecting bracket 21, and a clamping part that clamps the fulcrum pin 43 b is configured between the clamping member 160 and the inner wall of the engagement hook 21 b, thereby The gap A can be adjusted. In FIG. 11, the connection frame 43 is not shown for simplification of the drawing, and only the fulcrum pin 43b is displayed. In FIG. 11, the left side is the front side of the vehicle, and the right side is the rear side of the vehicle (opposite left and right of FIG. 1).

  The clamping member 160 mainly includes a clamping plate 161 and a clamping plate lever 163. The holding plate 161 is pivotally attached to the connecting bracket 21 so as to be rotatable about the pin 162, and is attached so as to be able to hold the fulcrum pin 43b with the engaging hook 21b. The sandwiching plate lever 163 rotates the sandwiching plate 161 and is attached to the main vehicle 20 side so as to be rotatable around a fulcrum 164. As indicated by the arrows in the figure, when the adjustment plate lever 163 is lowered from the upper position (two-dot chain line) to the lower position (solid line), the adjustment plate 161 rotates counterclockwise in the figure and holds the fulcrum pin 43b. (Solid line), the gap amount of the engaging portion A becomes zero. In this embodiment, a spring 165 having one end attached to the adjustment plate lever 163 and the other end attached to the connection bracket 21 is provided. The spring 165 and the stoppers 166 and 167 cause the adjustment plate lever 163 to move to the upper position (two points). It is held in a state of either a chain line) or a lower position (solid line). As a result, the state in which the holding member 160 does not enter the gap of the engaging portion A (two-dot chain line), and the fulcrum pin 43b is held between the holding member 160 and the engaging hook 21b to reduce the gap amount of the engaging portion A. It is possible to switch between the two states of 0 (solid line).

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 10 among the above-described embodiments, the gap adjusting member 60 is provided in the connecting frame 43 that is a member on the working unit 40 side. You may provide in the connection bracket 21 which is. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the clamping member 160 is provided on the connection bracket 21 that is a member on the main body vehicle side, but conversely, it may be provided on the connection frame 43 that is a member on the working unit 40 side. good.

  Further, in each of the embodiments described above, the configuration in which the working unit is mounted on the front portion of the main body vehicle has been described. However, the working portion is mounted on the rear portion of the main body vehicle, or the working portion is the front portion of the main body vehicle. And what is attached to a rear part can be constituted similarly.

  In the above embodiment, the dump cylinder 45, the lift cylinder 44, and the stand 46 are used as means for moving the base end of the lift arm 41 up and down (moving means). Not limited to the above example, any configuration can be used as long as the base end of the lift arm 41 can be moved up and down.

  In the above embodiment, a simple bucket has been described as the work attachment 42 of the working unit 40. However, a claw bucket, a mania fork, a hay fork, a grader, a pallet fork, a container bucket, a roll grab, a counterweight case Of course, various work attachments such as can be implemented in the same manner.

It is a partial notch side view of the operation | work part attachment / detachment apparatus concerning this invention. It is a front view of a clearance adjustment member. It is a perspective view around the front-end | tip part of an adjustment board lever. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the state which has a lever holding part in an upper position, (b) is sectional drawing which shows the state in which a lever holding part exists in a lower position. It is a side view of a working part. It is an enlarged view of the B section of FIG. It is an enlarged view of the B section of Drawing 5 concerning other examples. It is a side view which shows the state which floated the front wheel of the working machine. It is a side view which expands and shows the working part attachment / detachment apparatus of the working machine of FIG. It is a partial notch side view of the operation | work part attachment / detachment apparatus of other embodiment. It is a partial notch side view of the operation | work part attachment / detachment apparatus of other embodiment. It is a side view of a working machine. It is a side view of the conventional working part attachment / detachment apparatus. It is a side view which shows the state which removed the main body vehicle and working part of the working machine.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Work implement 20 Main body vehicle 21 Connection bracket 21b Engagement hook 40 Work part 41 Lift arm 42 Work attachment 43 Connection frame 43b Support point pin 46 Stand 47 Low friction member 48 Roller 49 Resin plate 50 Work part attachment / detachment device 60 Gap adjustment member 61 Adjustment plate 62 Adjustment plate lever A Engagement part

Claims (7)

A working unit attaching / detaching device for detachably connecting the working machine main body vehicle and a working unit having a working attachment attached to the tip of the lift arm,
A working unit attaching / detaching device for a working machine, wherein a gap amount in an engaging portion between a main body vehicle and a working unit can be adjusted.   The working unit attaching / detaching device for a working machine according to claim 1, wherein the gap amount can be adjusted by providing a gap adjusting member that can be inserted into the gap.   The working unit attaching / detaching device for a working machine according to claim 2, wherein the gap adjusting member is clamped by the engaging portion using its own weight to prevent the gap adjusting member from coming off from the gap.   The working part attaching / detaching device for a working machine according to claim 1, wherein in the engaging part, the gap amount can be adjusted by providing the main body vehicle or the working part with a holding part capable of holding the engagement partner material.   The working part attaching / detaching device for a working machine according to claim 1, wherein a stand is provided in the working part, and a low friction member for reducing friction with the ground is provided in a grounding part of the stand.   The working unit attaching / detaching device for a working machine according to claim 5, wherein the low friction member is a roller.   The working unit attaching / detaching device for a working machine according to claim 5, wherein the low friction member is a resin plate.

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