JP2009178001A - Power transmission device, power reception device, and energy transmission system - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a power receiving device, a power transmitting device, and an energy transmission system that can improve the accuracy of the transmission direction of electromagnetic waves.
An energy transmission system that wirelessly transmits energy from a roadside device to a vehicle by electromagnetic waves, wherein the power transmission device 200 polarizes and transmits the electromagnetic waves from the roadside device to the vehicle 100, and the electromagnetic waves. And a signal transmitter 40 for transmitting correction information for correcting the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave generated based on the reception result of the vehicle 100 in the polarization direction.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power transmission device that wirelessly transmits energy toward a moving body using electromagnetic waves, a power receiving device that is mounted on a moving body that wirelessly receives energy from roadside devices using electromagnetic waves, and from the roadside devices toward the moving body using electromagnetic waves. The present invention relates to an energy transmission system that transmits energy wirelessly.

  In recent years, development of a system that wirelessly transmits energy from a roadside device to a moving body using electromagnetic waves has been progressing (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  Patent Document 1 discloses a power supply system that receives power from the outside of the vehicle when the power of the vehicle is insufficient, and supplies the power to the outside of the vehicle when there is a margin in the power of the vehicle. Thus, there is disclosed a power supply system that transmits or receives power through electromagnetic waves.

Patent Document 2 includes a vehicle-mounted power receiving device that receives power supplied by microwaves received via a power receiving antenna, and a power transmitting device that includes a power transmitting antenna that irradiates microwaves from the road surface side. Power receiving side communication means for transmitting information including reference position information having a predetermined relative positional relationship with the power receiving antenna and information on a laying area of the power receiving antenna defined based on the reference position to the power transmitting apparatus. The power transmission apparatus includes a control unit that includes an irradiation region setting unit that sets an irradiation region based on the received reference position information and laying region information, and a power transmission control unit that irradiates microwaves to a power transmission antenna in the set irradiation region There is known a road-to-vehicle power supply system including
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-210843 JP 2006-166570 A

  By the way, in a system that wirelessly transmits energy using electromagnetic waves, further improvement in accuracy in the transmission direction is required so that energy can be accurately transmitted to the receiving side.

  In this regard, in the prior art, electromagnetic waves are not transmitted based on the relative relationship between the power receiving side and the power transmitting side (for example, the disclosed technology disclosed in Patent Document 2 uses only the reference position information on the power receiving side as a reference. Because the irradiation range is set), the required accuracy in the transmission direction may not be satisfied.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a power reception device, a power transmission device, and an energy transmission system that can improve the accuracy of the transmission direction of electromagnetic waves.

In order to achieve the above object, a power transmission device according to the present invention includes:
A power transmission device that wirelessly transmits energy toward a moving body by electromagnetic waves,
Electromagnetic wave transmitting means for transmitting the electromagnetic wave;
Information transmitting means for transmitting transmission condition information for specifying the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave;
Correction information receiving means for receiving correction information for correcting the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave generated based on the reception result of the electromagnetic wave and the transmission condition information in the moving body,
The electromagnetic wave transmitting unit corrects the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave based on the correction information received by the correction information receiving unit.

  Here, the information transmission means may transmit information on the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave as the transmission condition information, and more preferably transmit the polarization direction itself of the electromagnetic wave as the transmission condition information.

  Further, it is preferable that the electromagnetic wave transmission means changes the intensity of the electromagnetic wave according to the magnitude of the shift in the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave based on the correction information. In particular, the electromagnetic wave transmitting means may transmit an electromagnetic wave having a smaller intensity when the transmission direction deviation is larger than the reference value than when the transmission direction deviation is smaller than the reference value. Furthermore, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave transmitted when the deviation in the transmission direction is larger than the reference value may be determined based on the degree of influence on the human body and other devices.

In order to achieve the above object, a power receiving device according to the present invention includes:
A power receiving device mounted on a moving body that receives energy wirelessly from a roadside device by electromagnetic waves,
Electromagnetic wave receiving means for receiving the electromagnetic wave;
Information acquisition means for acquiring transmission condition information for specifying the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave;
Correction information generating means for generating correction information for correcting the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave based on the reception result of the electromagnetic wave and the acquisition result of the transmission condition information;
And correction information transmitting means for transmitting the correction information generated by the correction information generating means to the roadside device.

  Here, the information acquisition means may acquire information on the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave as the transmission condition information, and more preferably acquire the polarization direction itself of the electromagnetic wave as the transmission condition information.

  Preferably, the electromagnetic wave receiving means includes a power receiving element that receives the electromagnetic wave and a sensor that detects the electromagnetic wave by dividing it into two directional components. A plurality of the sensors may be arranged so as to surround the arrangement area of the power receiving elements.

  Further, it is preferable that the correction information generation unit generates information regarding a shift in the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave as the correction information. In addition, the correction information generation unit may generate information regarding the deviation viewed from the roadside device side.

In order to achieve the above object, an energy transmission system according to the present invention includes:
An energy transmission system that wirelessly transmits energy from a roadside device to a moving body by electromagnetic waves,
Electromagnetic wave transmitting means for transmitting the electromagnetic wave from the roadside device toward the moving body;
Information acquisition means for acquiring transmission condition information for specifying a transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave;
Correction information generating means for generating correction information for correcting the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave based on the reception result of the electromagnetic wave at the moving body and the acquisition result of the transmission condition information;
Correction information transmitting means for transmitting the correction information generated by the correction information generating means from the moving body toward the roadside device.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the precision of the transmission direction of electromagnetic waves can be improved.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The energy transmission system according to the present invention is a system that transmits energy to a moving body by transmitting an electromagnetic wave (energy beam) such as a microwave toward the moving body without wiring. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an energy transmission system according to the present invention. The state in which the power transmitter 200 as the electromagnetic wave transmitting means transmits electromagnetic waves from the diagonally right rear of the vehicle 100 as the moving body is illustrated.

  The vehicle 100 includes a power receiving device 50 including the power receiving element 30 as an electromagnetic wave receiving unit. The power receiving element 30 is an element that receives the microwave transmitted from the power transmitter 200, converts the received microwave into electric energy, and rectifies and converts the microwave energy into a direct current. Also called rectenna. The converted electric energy is charged in an on-vehicle power storage device such as a battery or a capacitor, and becomes a power supply source for each electric load mounted on the vehicle 100. The power receiving element 30 is disposed, for example, on the upper surface of a vehicle body such as a roof of the vehicle 100 so as to easily receive microwaves from above the vehicle 100.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the electric receiver 50. FIG. 2 is a view of the power receiving device 50 when the plurality of power receiving elements 30 are attached to the roof of the vehicle 100 as viewed from above the vehicle 100. The power receiver 50 includes a signal transmitter 40, a plurality of power receiving elements 30, and a plurality of polarization sensors 60.

  The signal transmitter 40 transmits a communication signal to the power transmitter 200. The signal transmitter 40 may be mounted on the vehicle 100 apart from the power receiving element 30 and the polarization sensor 60. In FIGS. 1 and 2, an example in which the communication signal is attached to the rear portion of the vehicle 100 so as to easily transmit a communication signal to the power transmitter 200 is illustrated.

  The power receiving machine 50 includes a plurality of power receiving elements 30 disposed on a plane and a plurality of polarization sensors 60 disposed so as to surround the power receiving elements 30. The power receiving element 30 and the polarization sensor 60 are disposed on a plane substantially parallel to the road surface. In FIG. 2, a plurality of power receiving elements 30 are arranged in a rectangular area, and in order to prevent the microwaves from being shifted from the arrangement area of the power receiving elements 30, the polarization sensor 60 is provided outside each side of the square. A plurality are arranged along the side. When the microwave deviates from the arrangement region of the power receiving element 30, it hits the polarization sensor 60. Therefore, based on the change in the output of the polarization sensor 60, it is possible to determine whether the microwave deviates from the arrangement region. Become. The determination may be performed by an arithmetic device such as an in-vehicle microcomputer.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of the polarization sensor 60. The polarization sensor 60 includes a first polarization sensor 61 that detects the electromagnetic wave intensity of a first direction component on a plane substantially parallel to the road surface, and a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction on the parallel plane. A second polarization sensor 62 that detects the electromagnetic wave intensity of the component. For example, the first polarization sensor 61 is a lateral polarization sensor having the first direction as the vehicle width direction of the vehicle, and the second polarization sensor 62 is a vertical polarization sensor having the second direction as the vehicle front-rear direction. It is.

  On the other hand, the power transmitter 200 that transmits a microwave toward the vehicle 100 includes a microwave transmission antenna and a microwave generator (not shown). The microwave transmission antenna is an antenna that can transmit the microwave generated by the microwave generator toward the vehicle 100. The microwave transmission antenna is installed at a predetermined height from the ground (for example, 10 m from the ground) so that microwaves can be transmitted from above the vehicle 100. For example, the microwave transmission antenna is attached to a ground facility such as a building such as a house or a building, an overhead, a power pole, a tower, or a traffic light, or is attached to an airplane, an artificial satellite, a space station, or the like. The microwave generator generates direct-current or alternating-current power by converting it into microwaves. A specific example of the microwave generator is a magnetron that is also used in a microwave oven.

  The power transmission device 200 includes a polarization unit that polarizes the microwave in a predetermined polarization direction. That is, the power transmitter 200 transmits the polarized microwave. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the power transmitter 200 transmits a beam polarized in a direction perpendicular to the road surface by a polarizer, that is, linearly polarized light having only a component in the vertical direction with respect to the road surface.

  By the way, energy transmission by electromagnetic waves such as microwaves is performed without wiring through the space. Therefore, if the electromagnetic waves cannot be accurately transmitted to the reception part on the reception side of the electromagnetic waves, the energy transmission to the vehicle 100 is surely performed. Can not be. In addition, if electromagnetic waves cannot be transmitted with high accuracy, there is a risk that the electromagnetic waves may hit objects that should not be irradiated with electromagnetic waves, such as people or objects other than the vehicle 100. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of the transmission direction of the beam transmitted from the power transmitter 200, the embodiment of the energy transmission system according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1 has the following characteristics.

[Calculation of beam direction]
As an example, consider the situation of FIG. 4 where the beam is transmitted from behind the vehicle 100. For example, the power transmission device 200 uses the reference information (transmission condition) for specifying the angular relationship (for example, the beam angle φ) between the reference direction (for example, the forward direction) of the power receiver 50 (the moving body 100) and the transmission direction of the beam. Information), and the receiving device 50 has receiving means for receiving the reference information. In this embodiment, the reference information is included in the electromagnetic wave itself in order to improve efficiency by using both the reference information transmitting means and the electromagnetic wave transmitting means. That is, the polarization direction of the beam itself is used as reference information. The polarization of the beam proceeds in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 5 on each polarization sensor 60. When the angle between the reference direction of the vehicle 100 and the polarized light is φ, the output of each polarization sensor 60 is
Output of vertical polarization sensor Sxn = Sn · cosφ (1)
Output of horizontal polarization sensor Syn = Sn · sinφ (2)
It becomes. Here, Sn is the intensity of the beam hitting each polarization sensor 60, and n is a serial number assigned to each polarization sensor 60. The estimated value φn of the beam angle φ for each polarization sensor 60 is
φn = tan ⁻¹ (Syn / Sxn) (3)
Can be calculated according to

  Theoretically, the estimated value φn should have the same value for each value of n, but varies somewhat due to various errors. Therefore, by taking the average value of φn, the value of φ can be estimated with sufficient accuracy. it can. In this calculation, it is impossible to determine whether the beam is from the direction when the beam angle is φ or from the direction when the beam angle is (φ + 180), but an appropriate direction specifying unit is used. Thus, it is possible to specify the value of the beam angle φ including the direction in which the beam transmission source exists.

  For example, the power transmitter 200 includes a light emitting unit that emits light in the beam transmission direction, and a light receiving unit is provided on the power receiving side of the power receiver 50, the vehicle 100, or the like for each predetermined direction area. Based on this, the beam angle can be specified as either φ or (φ + 180).

  Further, the value of the beam angle φ can be specified based on the azimuth information obtained by the azimuth magnet. For example, azimuth information indicating the transmission direction of the beam is detected by a azimuth magnet mounted on the power transmitter 200, and the detected azimuth information is transmitted to the vehicle 100. On the other hand, by detecting the azimuth information indicating the reference direction of the vehicle 100 with the azimuth magnet mounted on the vehicle 100, and comparing the detected azimuth information with the azimuth information transmitted from the power transmitter 200, the beam angle φ The value can be specified.

  Further, the value of the beam angle φ can be specified based on position information (coordinate information) obtained by the GPS device. For example, position information of the power transmitter 200 is detected by a GPS device mounted on the power transmitter 200, and the detected position information is transmitted to the vehicle 100. On the other hand, the position information of the vehicle 100 is detected by the GPS device mounted on the vehicle 100, and the value of the beam angle φ is specified by comparing the detected position information with the position information transmitted from the power transmitter 200. be able to.

  Further, the value of the beam angle φ can be specified based on image recognition information obtained by a camera or the like. For example, the beam transmission direction is estimated by acquiring the image recognition result of the microwave transmission antenna of the power transmission device 200 and the inclination of the power transmission surface with a camera mounted on the vehicle 100. The value of the beam angle φ may be specified based on the reference position information of the vehicle 100 and the estimated beam transmission direction. Further, the beam transmission direction may be estimated based on image recognition information obtained by a camera or the like mounted on the power transmission device 200. In this case, it is preferable that the image recognition information or the estimation information of the beam transmission direction obtained based on the image recognition information is transmitted to the vehicle 100.

[Calculation of beam deviation]
As an example, consider the situation of FIG. The polarization sensor 60 includes 28 sensors 1 to 28 (n = 1 to 28). Irradiation control is performed so that the beam transmitted from the power transmitter 200 converges in the arrangement area (rectangular area) of the power receiving element 30. FIG. 6 shows a situation in which the beam is irradiated to the irradiation area A that is shifted from the arrangement area of the power receiving element 30 that is the target irradiation area of the beam. That is, the beams are hitting the sensors 10-20, and the beams are not hitting the sensors 1-9 and 21-28.

In FIG. 6, an intersection point between a reference line Y in the front-rear direction of the vehicle and a reference line X in the vehicle width direction of the vehicle is defined as an origin O. The reference line Y is provided so that the number of polarization sensors is equally divided in the vehicle width direction of the vehicle, and the reference line X is provided so that the number of polarization sensors is equally divided in the vehicle front-rear direction. Further, a counterclockwise angle formed by the position direction of each sensor connecting the position of each sensor and the origin O and the forward direction of the reference line Y is defined as a position angle θn (the position angle of the sensor 2 is θ ₂ Can be represented). The position angle θn is a known value in design.

The output absolute value Sn of each sensor is based on the equations (1) and (2),
Sn = √ (Sxn ² + Syn ² ) (4)
Can be calculated according to

Now, each sensor is divided into a sensor group having θn of 0 ° to 180 ° and a sensor group of 180 ° to 360 °. For example, if the 28 sensors in FIG. 6 are divided into a right half and a left half, the sensors 1 to 11 and 26 to 28 belong to the first sensor group, and the sensors 12 to 25 are the second sensors. It belongs to the group. The output averages Sm ₁ and Sm ₂ and the weighted averages Θ ₁ and Θ _{2 of the} position angle θn in each sensor group, and the average value Sm and the distribution ΔS ² of the total output of all the sensors are as follows:
Sm ₁ = ΣSn ² / N ₁ (5)
Sm ₂ = ΣSn ² / N ₂ (6)
Sm = (Sm ₁ + Sm ₂ ) / 2 (7)
ΔS ² = Σ (Sn ² −Sm) ² (8)
Θ ₁ = Σ {θn · Sn ² } / (Sm ₁ · N ₁ ) (9)
Θ ₂ = Σ {θn · Sn ² } / (Sm ₂ · N ₂ ) (10)
Can be calculated according to Here, the sum Σ is performed with the value of n belonging to each group. N ₁ and N ₂ are the number of sensors belonging to each group, and in the case of FIG.

  In other words, the sum Σ in Expression (5) is the sum for the 14 sensors (1 to 11 and 26 to 28) belonging to the first sensor group, and the sum Σ in Expression (6) is the second sensor. It is the sum total of 14 sensors (12 to 25) belonging to the group.

  In addition, Sm in Expression (7) represents the intensity (beam amount) of the beam that protrudes from the arrangement region (target irradiation region) of the power receiving element 30 (Sm is almost zero if the beam irradiation falls within the target irradiation region). Become).

ΔS ^{2 in} equation (8) is the sum of the squares of the difference between the output Sn of each sensor and the average value Sm of the outputs of all sensors for n = 1 to 28. For example, if all the sensors output the same output value, ΔS ² becomes zero, but if the beam is shifted as shown in FIG. 6, ΔS ² increases because the output value of each sensor changes. That is, ΔS ² is an index representing the beam shift. If ΔS ² is equal to or less than a predetermined value, it can be considered that the beam is within the arrangement region of the power receiving element 30. If Sm is large even though ΔS ² is small, some abnormality (for example, failure of the beam convergence function of the power transmitter 200 that converges the beam to the arrangement region of the power receiving element 30) occurs in the power transmitter 200, and the beam It is thought that it is spreading. In other words, it indicates that the value of Sm is increased by increasing the irradiation area of the beam even though there is no deviation in the beam transmission direction.

Equations (9) and (10) represent the weighted average of the position angle θn weighted with Sn. Since the output value of the sensor increases as it is closer to the center C of the irradiation region of the beam, the output value is considered to increase as the sensor exists in the direction in which the beam is shifted and irradiated. Therefore, as shown in equations (9) and (10), the output value is obtained by taking the average of the total sum obtained by adding the product of the sensor output Sn and the position angle θn of the sensor for all the sensors included in the sensor group. A value (that is, Θ ₁ , Θ ₂ ) in which the position angle θn of a sensor having a large value is greatly reflected is obtained.

  As a result, the angle Θ (estimated value) indicating the direction in which the beam is displaced can be calculated (estimated) by the following calculation process weighted by the average value Sm of the sensor. Θ is, for example, a counterclockwise angle formed by the direction connecting the center C of the beam irradiation region and the origin O and the forward direction of the reference line Y.

When Θ ₁ is 90 ° or more and Θ ₂ is 270 ° or less (when it can be estimated that the beam has shifted to the lower half side in FIG. 6),
Θ = (Sm ₁ · Θ ₁ + Sm ₂ · Θ ₂ ) / 2Sm (11)
When Θ ₁ is 90 ° or less and Θ ₂ is 270 ° or more (when it can be estimated that the beam is shifted to the upper half side in FIG. 6),
Θ = (Sm ₁ · Θ ₁ + Sm ₂ · (Θ ₂ -360 °)) / 2Sm (12)
Otherwise,
When Sm ₁ > Sm ₂ Θ = Θ ₁ (13a)
When Sm ₁ <Sm ₂ Θ = Θ ₂ (13b)
And

In the case illustrated in FIG. 6, since irradiation is performed by shifting to the lower right side of the drawing, a value (that is, Θ) in which Θ ₂ is more strongly reflected than Θ ₁ is calculated according to Equation (11). Can be done. On the other hand, when the beam is irradiated with being shifted to the upper side in the figure, the equation for estimating the beam direction Θ by simply adding Θ ₁ and Θ ₂ and taking the average value with the equation (11) as it is. With (11) as it is, a correct calculation result for the beam shift direction cannot be obtained. Therefore, when the beam is irradiated with being shifted to the upper side in the figure, if the beam direction Θ is estimated according to the equation (12) obtained by subtracting 360 ° from Θ ₂ in advance and weighting with the average value Sm, Good. Expressions (13a) and (13b) can be expressed by Expressions (11) or (12) due to the influence of a calculation error or the like in a situation where the beam is not shifted vertically in FIG. This is specified because it may be considered that the selection condition for selecting any one of the following formulas is not satisfied.

Here, Θ is the direction of beam deviation when viewed from the reference direction of vehicle 100 (direction with reference line Y as a reference), and is different from the direction of deviation seen from the power transmitter 200 side. Therefore, the estimated value Θ ′ of the direction of deviation from the power transmitter 200 side is
Θ ′ = Θ−φ (14)
Can be corrected.

The above-described beam shift calculation is performed by a calculation device such as a microcomputer built in the receiver 50. The electric receiver 50 transmits the information Θ ′, Sm, ΔS ² of the beam deviation calculation result to the power transmitter 200 as correction information for correcting the beam transmission direction via the signal transmitter 40.

  The signal transmitter 40 may be, for example, a light emitting unit that emits communication light related to optical communication, or may emit light corresponding to visible light, infrared light, or the like as a signal wave. In this case, the signal transmitter 40 is formed by a light emitting element such as a light emitting diode or a semiconductor laser. The signal transmitter 40 blinks communication light (signal wave) by driving the encoder. The signal transmitter 40 emits communication light corresponding to information to be transmitted to the communication partner in accordance with a control command from the arithmetic unit of the power receiving device 50. According to a predetermined optical communication format, the arithmetic device assigns information to be transmitted to the communication partner with a transmission source ID for specifying the transmission source of the information and a transmission destination ID for specifying the transmission destination. Then, the encoding process is performed to make the signal transmitter 40 emit light.

[Operation of power transmitter 50]
The power transmitter 200 receives the transmission information of the signal transmitter 40 via the signal receiver 70. The power transmitter 50 corrects the beam transmission direction based on the reception information Θ ′, Sm, ΔS ² .

By the way, Θ 'indicates the direction of beam deviation in a plane (parallel plane parallel to the road surface) when the power receiving device 50 is looked down vertically, but the parallel plane and the transmission direction of the beam of the power transmitter 200 are shown. Is actually present (see FIG. 7), the estimated value Θ ′ is deviated from the beam deviation direction Θ ″ as seen from the transmitter 200 (see FIG. 8). . In the case of FIG. 6, as shown in FIG. 8, the beam is greatly shifted to the lower right when viewed from the power receiver 50, but the shift to the right remains the same when viewed from the power transmitter 200, but is shifted downward. Is small. Therefore, in order to correct the deviation, the transmitter 200 changes the beam deviation direction Θ ″ viewed from the transmitter 200 to Θ ″ = tan ⁻¹ (sinΘ ′ / (cosΘ ′ cosΩ)) ... (15)
According to the calculation. Since the angle Ω is information necessary for controlling the beam transmission direction, the angle Ω is a known value for the power transmitter 200 (the power transmitter 200 can recognize the angle Ω based on the output of the angle sensor). . The calculation of Expression (15) is performed by an arithmetic device such as a microcomputer built in the power transmitter 200. The power transmitter 200 adjusts the beam transmission direction according to Θ ″ calculated based on the equation (15).

  The power transmitter 200 changes the intensity of the transmission beam according to the magnitude of the beam shift. For example, the power transmitter 200 decreases the intensity of the transmission beam as the beam deviation increases. Thereby, even if the beam hits a person or an object other than the vehicle 100 due to the beam being deviated, the influence on the person or the object due to the beam hitting can be suppressed. Further, for example, the power transmitter 200 starts transmission from a beam having a low intensity, increases the beam intensity after the beam deviation falls within a predetermined value, and when the beam deviation exceeds a predetermined value after that, The strength may be lowered.

Here, since the beam output generally changes slightly and steadily, ΔS ² is proportional to the beam transmission output Se of the power transmission device 200 even if the beam irradiation region shift is the same. In the case of changing the intensity of the transmission beam according to the size, the degree of beam deviation is estimated based on the ratio of ΔS ² and the square “Se ² ” of the beam transmission output Se of the power transmitter 200. Can do. Although the relationship between ΔS ² and Se ² is not completely proportional because of the influence of variations in the receiver 50 and the beam convergence state, the degree of beam deviation is simply estimated based on the ratio. Can be done.

The power transmitter 200 slowly corrects the beam direction. The speed for changing the beam direction may be a value proportional to ΔS ² / Se ² with a predetermined coefficient. That is, the power transmission device 200 controls the transmission direction so that the rate of change in the transmission direction is slower when the beam is slightly deviated than when the beam is largely deviated. In comparison, control is performed so that the changing speed of the transmission direction becomes faster. The degree of overshooting with respect to the target transmission direction can be suppressed.

Further, since the transmitter 200 can grasp how much the beam is irradiated outside the target irradiation area based on the values of ΔS ² and Sm, the values of ΔS ² / Se ² and Sm / Se ² can be obtained. The output is adjusted so that is less than or equal to a predetermined value. Thereby, even if a beam hits a person or an object around the vehicle 100, the influence can be suppressed. Further, when both the values of ΔS ² / Se ² and Sm / Se ² are equal to or smaller than the reference values ΔS ² ₀ and Sm ₀ , the beam transmission output is slowly increased, and any of the reference values ΔS ² ₀ and Sm ₀ is obtained. If that exceeds, the transmission output is immediately reduced. The reference values ΔS ² ₀ and Sm ₀ are determined by simulation, legal information, and the like, and are predetermined values that are not harmful to objects that do not require irradiation of electromagnetic waves such as people other than the vehicle 100 and electronic devices. By controlling the irradiation in this way, it is possible to transmit as much energy as possible while keeping the amount of the beam protruding from the target irradiation region small.

In addition, although the value of ΔS ² / Se ² is small, the fact that the value of Sm / Se ² is large indicates that the beam is diffused as described above. It is conceivable that an abnormality has occurred and the beam is diffused, or that the distance between the transmitting and receiving electric machines is too far beyond the limit for narrowing the beam. By providing the distance measuring means for measuring the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, even if the beam diffusion is detected, if the distance between the transmitter and the receiver is close, it can be determined that some abnormality has occurred in the transmitter 200 itself. In addition, by providing an alarm unit that warns of a failure of the power transmission device 200, even if a failure of the power transmission device 200 occurs, some measures against the failure can be immediately executed.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and substitutions can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Can be added.

  For example, the transmission condition information of the electromagnetic wave may be included in the electromagnetic wave itself and transmitted by polarizing the electromagnetic wave as in the above-described embodiment, but the transmission condition information (for example, information on the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave, direction information, (Position information, image recognition information) may be transmitted by a signal transmitter that transmits a wireless signal without including the electromagnetic wave itself. Further, even if the transmission condition information is not transmitted from the power transmitter side to the power receiver side, the power receiver side may acquire information on the transmission direction of the microwave based on image information obtained by photographing the power transmitter from the power receiver side. it can.

  In addition, for example, the embodiment of the present invention has been described with reference to a “vehicle” as a specific example of a mobile object that is an object of energy transmission. However, the mobile object that is an object of the energy transmission system according to the present invention is an airplane or a ship. Or a robot.

  In addition, although the embodiment of the present invention has been described with reference to “microwave” as a specific example of the electromagnetic wave that transmits energy, the electromagnetic wave used for energy transmission in the energy transmission system according to the present invention has an efficiency and a signal wave. In consideration of interference and the like, electromagnetic waves in other frequency bands such as infrared rays may be used.

It is a figure which shows the whole structure of embodiment of the energy transmission system which concerns on this invention. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a receiving device 50. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a polarization sensor 60. It is a figure which shows the transmission condition of a beam. It is a figure which shows the advancing direction of the polarized light on each polarization sensor 60 in the case of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating beam shift. It is a figure for demonstrating angle (omega). It is a figure for demonstrating the beam shift by the difference in a viewpoint.

Explanation of symbols

1 to 28 Polarization sensor 30 Power receiving element 40 Signal transmitter 50 Power receiving device 60 Polarization sensor 61 Horizontal polarization sensor 62 Vertical polarization sensor 70 Signal receiver 100 Vehicle 200 Power transmission

Claims (16)

A power transmission device that wirelessly transmits energy toward a moving body by electromagnetic waves,
Electromagnetic wave transmitting means for transmitting the electromagnetic wave;
Information transmitting means for transmitting transmission condition information for specifying the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave;
Correction information receiving means for receiving correction information for correcting the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave generated based on the reception result of the electromagnetic wave and the transmission condition information in the moving body,
The electromagnetic wave transmission unit corrects the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave based on the correction information received by the correction information reception unit.   The power transmission device according to claim 1, wherein the information transmission unit transmits information on a polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave as the transmission condition information.   The power transmission device according to claim 2, wherein the information transmission unit transmits the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave itself as the transmission condition information.   The power transmission device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electromagnetic wave transmission unit changes the intensity of the electromagnetic wave according to a magnitude of a shift in a transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave based on the correction information.   The power transmission device according to claim 4, wherein the electromagnetic wave transmission unit transmits an electromagnetic wave having a smaller intensity when the deviation in the transmission direction is larger than the reference value than when the deviation in the transmission direction is smaller than the reference value.   The power transmission device according to claim 5, wherein the intensity of the electromagnetic wave transmitted when the shift in the transmission direction is larger than the reference value is determined based on an influence degree on a human body or other devices. A power receiving device mounted on a moving body that receives energy wirelessly from a roadside device by electromagnetic waves,
Electromagnetic wave receiving means for receiving the electromagnetic wave;
Information acquisition means for acquiring transmission condition information for specifying the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave;
Correction information generating means for generating correction information for correcting the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave based on the reception result of the electromagnetic wave and the acquisition result of the transmission condition information;
A power receiving device, comprising: correction information transmitting means for transmitting the correction information generated by the correction information generating means to the roadside device.   The power receiving device according to claim 7, wherein the information acquisition unit acquires information on a polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave as the transmission condition information.   The power receiving device according to claim 8, wherein the information acquisition unit acquires the polarization direction itself of the electromagnetic wave as the transmission condition information. As the electromagnetic wave receiving means,
A power receiving element for receiving the electromagnetic wave;
The power receiving device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising a sensor that detects the electromagnetic wave by dividing it into two directional components.   The power receiving device according to claim 10, wherein a plurality of the sensors are arranged so as to surround an arrangement region of the power receiving elements.   The power receiving device according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the correction information generation unit generates information regarding a shift in a transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave as the correction information.   The power receiving device according to claim 12, wherein the correction information generation unit generates information regarding the deviation viewed from the roadside device side. An energy transmission system that wirelessly transmits energy from a roadside device to a moving body by electromagnetic waves,
Electromagnetic wave transmitting means for transmitting the electromagnetic wave from the roadside device toward the moving body;
Information acquisition means for acquiring transmission condition information for specifying a transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave;
Correction information generating means for generating correction information for correcting the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave based on the reception result of the electromagnetic wave at the moving body and the acquisition result of the transmission condition information;
An energy transmission system comprising: correction information transmission means for transmitting correction information generated by the correction information generation means from the mobile body toward the roadside device.   The energy transmission system according to claim 14, wherein the information acquisition unit acquires information on a polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave as the transmission condition information.   The energy transmission system according to claim 15, wherein the information acquisition unit acquires the polarization direction itself of the electromagnetic wave as the transmission condition information.