JP2009168375A - Explosive filling auxiliary member, explosive, and smooth blasting construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an explosive filling auxiliary member for efficiently carrying out a smooth blasting construction method, an explosive using the member, and the smooth blasting construction method using the explosive. <P>SOLUTION: The explosive filling auxiliary member 10 is a mesh like pipe equipped with a lid 12 on a tip. For example, a plastic or paper made tube formed with a multiplicity of holes, or a cage formed by weaving a paper made net like a tube, or the like can be used as the mesh like pipe. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a smooth blasting method in tunnel blasting excavation.

  The smooth blasting method for tunnel blasting excavation is the control of blasting energy by adjusting the amount of explosive loaded in the outermost blasting hole drilled in the face to be excavated. This is one of the controlled blasting methods aiming to suppress the damage of the steel, reduce the excessive excavation and finish the excavated surface smoothly.

  In this smooth blasting method, there is a charge method called hole diameter decoupling in which an explosive dedicated to smooth smooth blasting is loaded into the outermost blasting hole on the face as an additional die and used. Since the dedicated explosive is soft, it is inserted into a protective pipe for loading and loaded into the blast hole, and techniques related to this have been proposed.

For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses an explosive protection pipe for a smooth blasting method in which a pipe portion for protecting an explosive and a connecting portion for connecting the pipe portions are integrated.
JP-A-11-212398

  However, since the loading work of the dedicated explosive to the outermost blasting hole by the hole diameter decoupling charge method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is performed manually, it takes time for the work or loading the explosive. It was easy for defects to occur.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an explosive loading auxiliary member for carrying out the smooth blasting method with high work efficiency, an explosive using the member, and a smooth blasting method using the explosive The purpose is to provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is an explosive loading auxiliary member for a smooth blasting method used to adjust the amount of granular explosive loaded in a blast hole.
It consists of a cylindrical body having a plurality of holes or a cylindrical casing (first invention).

  According to the explosive loading auxiliary member of the present invention, the smooth bra is adjusted by adjusting the amount of explosive loaded in the blasting hole by filling the inside with the granular explosive and inserting it into the blasting hole disposed on the outermost periphery of the face. Sting method can be implemented.

  Moreover, since the explosive loading auxiliary member is a cylinder having a plurality of holes or a cylindrical casing, a dedicated machine for air-filling the granular explosive into the interior thereof can be used. That is, even if the granular explosive is air-filled by a dedicated machine, air can escape to the outside through a plurality of holes or crevice gaps, and the inside can be filled with the granular explosive in a dense state. As a result, the work efficiency of loading explosives is dramatically improved, and the working time on the face can be shortened, so that the construction safety is also improved. Further, when the explosive explodes, the blasting energy can be efficiently propagated to the outside through the gaps between the plurality of holes or the soot.

  According to a second invention, in the first invention, the cylindrical body having the plurality of holes is formed by forming a plurality of holes in a plastic or paper cylinder.

  A third invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the cylindrical casing is a plastic or paper rope knitted into a cylindrical shape.

  According to a fourth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions, an outer diameter of the explosive loading auxiliary member is smaller than an inner diameter of the blasting hole, and an inner diameter of the explosive loading auxiliary member is that of the granular explosive. It is characterized by being larger than the particle size.

A fifth invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to fourth inventions, the hole of the cylindrical body or the gap between the eyes of the housing is smaller than the particle size of the granular explosive.
According to the explosive loading auxiliary member of the present invention, the granular explosive can be held inside without being dissipated outside.

  A sixth invention is an explosive for smooth blasting, wherein the explosive loading auxiliary member according to any one of the first to fifth inventions is filled with the granular explosive.

  A seventh invention is a smooth blasting method, wherein the explosive for smooth blasting according to the sixth invention is installed in a blasting hole as an additional die, and the explosive for smooth blasting installed in the blasting hole It is characterized by detonating.

  According to an eighth invention, in the seventh invention, the explosive for smooth blasting is loaded into a blast hole located on the outermost periphery among the blast holes drilled in the face to be excavated, and the blast holes other than the outermost periphery are loaded. The granular explosive is directly loaded.

  In the hole diameter decoupling charge system disclosed in Patent Document 1, the explosive hole on the outermost periphery is loaded by inserting a dedicated explosive into the explosive protection pipe, whereas the explosive holes other than the outermost periphery are Usually, since a water-containing explosive different from a dedicated explosive is loaded, it is necessary to use two types of dedicated explosives and water-containing explosives separately. According to the smooth blasting method, it is possible to carry out the smooth blasting method with a single type of explosive by loading both blast holes with a granular explosive, and the management of the explosive can be simplified.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the explosive loading auxiliary | assistant member for implementing a smooth blasting construction method efficiently can be provided, the explosive using the member, and the smooth blasting construction method using the explosive.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The smooth blasting method (hereinafter referred to as the SB method) according to the present embodiment adjusts the amount of explosive loaded in the outermost blast hole among the blast holes drilled in the face to be excavated, thereby blasting energy. This is a controlled blasting method that suppresses damage to the natural ground by controlling the surface, reduces overexcavation and finishes the excavated surface smoothly.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a pattern of blast holes drilled in the face 30 by the SB method.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the SB method, first, the blast holes 16 are drilled in an arrangement that draws a plurality of annular patterns from the center of the tunnel to the inner periphery of the tunnel. The blasting patterns P1 to P8 in the figure indicate the order of blasting. Among these blast holes 16, the blast holes 16a arranged on the outermost periphery (the place described as the blast pattern P8) are blast holes for carrying out the SB method, so the pitch between the holes is set to be relatively narrow. Has been.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the outermost blast hole 16a showing the charging procedure.
As shown in FIG. 2, the outermost blast hole 16a is charged in the order of parent die installation S10, additional die installation S20, and gel-like inclusion filling S30.

  In the parent die installation S10, a parent die 18, which is a dynamite for initiation, is installed at the tip of the blast hole 16a. The length of the parent die 18 is, for example, about 15 to 20 cm when the length of the blast hole 16a is 2 m. The detonator 19 is connected to an initiation wire 21 from outside the blast hole 16a.

  After the parent die 18 is installed in the blasting hole 16a in this way, the additional die 25 that is a dynamite other than the parent die 18 is installed adjacent to the parent die 18 in the additional die installation S20. The additional die 25 is obtained by filling the explosive loading auxiliary member 10 with the granular explosive 20.

FIG. 3 is an external perspective view of the explosive loading assisting member 10.
As shown in FIG. 3, the explosive loading auxiliary member 10 is a mesh-like pipe having a lid 12 at the tip, for example, a plastic or paper tube formed with a plurality of holes 14, a plastic or paper A woven rope can be used.

  The pipe length of the explosive loading auxiliary member 10 is set to about 60% of the length of the blast hole, although it depends on the length of the blast hole to be installed. For example, when the length of the blast hole is 2 m, the pipe length is set to about 120 cm.

  About the pipe diameter of the explosive loading auxiliary member 10, the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the blasting hole 16a to be installed, and the inner diameter is larger than the particle diameter of the granular explosive used in the SB method according to this embodiment. It is set large. For example, when the inner diameter of the blasting hole is φ45 mm and the particle size of the granular explosive used is φ2 to 3 mm, the inner and outer diameters of the pipe are set to around φ30 mm. In this case, the size of the hole 14 formed in the pipe is set to be smaller (2 to 3 mm or less) than the particle size of the explosive filled in the pipe.

  The lid 12 at the tip of the pipe may have any configuration as long as the granular explosive filled in the pipe from the base end of the pipe is sealed so as not to escape from the tip. For example, a plastic cap is used. Can do.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of filling the explosive loading auxiliary member 10 with the granular explosive 20.
As shown in FIG. 4, before installing the explosive loading auxiliary member 10 used as a member of the additional die 25 in the blasting hole 16a, a granular ammonium nitrate explosive (hereinafter referred to as ANFO) Fill with Landex etc. For the filling, a dedicated loading machine 23 (for example, ANFO loader or the like) for air-filling the granular explosive can be used.

  That is, since the explosive loading assisting member 10 has a hole 14 and a gap, when the granular explosive 20 is filled in by air, the air leaks to the outside, but the granular explosive accumulates inside. And the explosive loading auxiliary member 10 filled with the granular explosive in this way is installed in the blasting hole 16a as the additional die 25 (see FIG. 2).

  Here, when the length of the explosive loading assisting member 10 is 120 cm as described above, the distance between the base end of the explosive loading assisting member 10 installed in the blasting hole 16a and the hole 17a of the blasting hole 16a. A section where no explosive 20 of about 60 to 65 cm is loaded is formed. That is, normally, in the construction method in which the granular explosive is loaded in the blast hole and blasted, the explosive loading auxiliary member 10 is used to load the granular explosive in all sections in the blast hole 16a with a smaller explosive amount than usual. Can be loaded.

  Then, after the parent die 18 and the increase die 25 are thus installed in the blasting hole 16a, the filling S30 of the gel-like inclusion is performed.

  As the gel inclusion 22, for example, a sludge slurry discharged as industrial waste when processing muddy water generated during tunnel excavation is mixed with a viscosity modifier. As the viscosity modifier, slaked lime or starch (for example, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) or glue) is used. When the gel inclusion 22 is filled in the blasting hole 16a, the viscosity modifier flows out from the hole 17a of the blasting hole 16a until the explosion, or spring water or cracks generated in the blasting hole 16a. It is used to increase the viscosity of the gel-like inclusion 22 so that it does not escape from the blasting hole 16a.

  After the parent die 18 and the explosive loading auxiliary member 10 are installed in the blasting hole 16a, the gel-like inclusion 22 joins two kinds of materials into one path in the middle of the path from the outside of the blasting hole 16a. Using a 5-shot type infusion pump and a hose 26, the hole 17a of the blasting hole 16a is sufficiently filled.

  In this way, the parent die 18, the additional die 25, and the gel inclusion 22 are loaded into the blasting hole 16a, and the parent die 18 and the granular explosive 20 are loaded as they are into the blasting hole 16 other than the outermost periphery. Then, by blasting each blast hole 16 in the blasting sequence shown in FIG. 1, a smooth blasting method in tunnel blasting excavation is performed.

  As described above, according to the explosive loading auxiliary member 10 according to the present embodiment according to the present embodiment, the explosive loading assisting member 10 is composed of a mesh-like pipe having the lid 12 at the tip. A smooth bra that adjusts the amount of explosive 20 to be loaded in the blasting hole 16a by controlling the amount of explosive 20 loaded in the blasting hole 16a, thereby suppressing damage to the natural ground, reducing overexcavation and smoothing the excavation surface. Sting method can be implemented.

  Moreover, since the explosive loading assisting member 10 is a mesh-like pipe having a lid 12 at the tip, a dedicated loading machine 23 for air-filling the granular explosive 20 can be used. That is, even if the granular explosive 20 is filled by air, the air can escape to the outside through a plurality of holes or crevice gaps, and the granular explosive 20 can be filled in a dense state. As a result, the work efficiency of loading explosives is dramatically improved, and the working time on the face can be shortened, so that the construction safety is also improved. Further, when the explosive explodes, the blasting energy can be efficiently propagated to the outside through the gaps between the plurality of holes or the soot.

  Moreover, since the hole 14 of the explosive loading assisting member 10 is smaller than the particle size of the granular explosive 20, the granular explosive 20 can be held inside without being dissipated outside the explosive loading assisting member 10.

  Further, in the hole diameter decoupling charge system disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, a special explosive is inserted into the explosive protection pipe and loaded into the outermost blasting hole 16a, while other than the outermost periphery. Since the blast hole 16 is normally loaded with a water-containing explosive that is different from the special explosive, the two types of explosives, the special explosive and the explosive explosive, must be used separately, which may complicate the charge operation. However, according to the smooth blasting method according to the present embodiment, since the same granular explosive 20 is used, it becomes possible to carry out the smooth blasting method with a single type of explosive, and the management of the explosive can be simplified.

  Further, since the gel-like inclusions 22 with increased viscosity are used as the fluid for propagating the blasting energy into the blasting holes 16a, the gel-like inclusions 22 act as inclusions, so that the inclusions are particularly used for the holes. Since it is not necessary to install near 17a, the work can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.

  Moreover, since the gel inclusion 22 is a fluid with high viscosity, the blasting energy can be reliably propagated throughout the hole by the hydraulic effect at the time of explosion.

  Further, by recycling and using the sludge slurry discharged as industrial waste when treating the turbid water generated during tunnel excavation, the gel-like inclusion 22 can be procured at a low cost on the site, and the industrial waste It can contribute to reduction of environmental load by reuse.

  Also, by using the 1.5 shot system for mixing the sludge slurry and the viscosity modifier and filling the blast hole 16a, it is possible to omit the installation of a tank for mixing, contributing to simplification of equipment. To do.

  In this embodiment, the gel-like inclusions 22 are those in which a viscosity modifier is mixed into the sludge slurry. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plastic back-filling material used at the time of construction of the shield tunnel is used. It may be used. That is, it does not flow out from the hole 17a of the blasting hole 16a or escape from the blasting hole 16a due to spring water, cracks, or the like generated in the blasting hole 16a after filling the blasting hole 16a until the explosion. Any fluid may be used as long as the fluid has the viscosity of

It is a figure which shows the pattern of the blasting hole drilled by the face surface 30 by SB construction method. It is sectional drawing of the outermost blasting hole 16a which shows a charging procedure. 1 is an external perspective view of an explosive loading auxiliary member 10. FIG. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the method of filling the granular explosive 20 in the explosive loading auxiliary member 10. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Explosive loading auxiliary member 12 Lid 14 Hole 16 Blast hole 16a Outermost blast hole 17a Hole 18 Parent die 19 Detonator 20 Granular explosive 21 Explosive wire 22 Gel inclusion 25 Increase die 30 Face face

Claims (8)

An explosive loading auxiliary member for a smooth blasting method used to adjust the amount of explosive of a granular explosive loaded in a blast hole,
An explosive loading auxiliary member comprising a cylinder having a plurality of holes or a cylindrical casing.   2. The explosive loading auxiliary member according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder having the plurality of holes is formed by forming a plurality of holes in a plastic or paper cylinder.   The explosive loading auxiliary member according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical casing is obtained by knitting a plastic or paper rope into a cylindrical shape.   The outer diameter of the explosive loading auxiliary member is smaller than the inner diameter of the blasting hole, and the inner diameter of the explosive loading auxiliary member is larger than the particle diameter of the granular explosive. The explosive loading auxiliary member according to any one of the above.   The explosive loading auxiliary member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a gap between the holes of the cylindrical body or the eyes of the housing is smaller than a particle diameter of the granular explosive.   An explosive for smooth blasting, wherein the explosive loading auxiliary member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is filled with the granular explosive.   A smooth blasting method, wherein the explosive for smooth blasting according to claim 6 is installed in a blasting hole as an additional die, and the explosive for smooth blasting installed in the blasting hole is detonated.   The blasting hole located in the outermost periphery among the blasting holes drilled in the face to be excavated is loaded with the explosive for smooth blasting, and the granular explosive is directly loaded into the blasting holes other than the outermost periphery. The smooth blasting method according to claim 7.

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