JP2009028714A - Spiral type separation membrane element - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
- B01D63/101—Spiral winding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
【課題】濃度分極を従来品と同程度に抑制できる上、供給側の圧力損失を低減でき、しかも運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇が少ないスパイラル型分離膜エレメントを提供する。
【解決手段】分離膜、供給側流路材及び透過側流路材の単数又は複数が、有孔の中空状中心管の周りに巻きつけられているスパイラル型分離膜エレメントであって、前記供給側流路材は、複数の糸状体１が略直角に交差するように形成されたネットであり、供給液の流れ方向に沿った糸状体１の交点の間隔Ｌが、６〜１３ｍｍであるスパイラル型分離膜エレメントとする。
【選択図】図１Provided is a spiral separation membrane element that can suppress concentration polarization to the same level as that of a conventional product, reduce pressure loss on the supply side, and reduce the increase in pressure loss with time during operation.
One or more of a separation membrane, a supply-side flow channel material, and a permeate-side flow channel material is a spiral separation membrane element wound around a perforated hollow central tube, wherein the supply The side channel material is a net formed so that a plurality of filaments 1 intersect at substantially right angles, and a spiral having an interval L between the filaments 1 along the flow direction of the supply liquid is 6 to 13 mm. A mold separation membrane element is used.
[Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、液体中に浮遊及び溶存している成分を分離するスパイラル型分離膜エレメントに関する。 The present invention relates to a spiral separation membrane element that separates components suspended and dissolved in a liquid.
従来、スパイラル型分離膜エレメントの構造としては、分離膜、供給側流路材及び透過側流路材の単数又は複数が、有孔の中空状中心管の周りに巻きつけられたものが知られている（例えば、特許文献１、２等）。このようなスパイラル型分離膜エレメントにおいて、供給側流路の圧力損失が大きくなると、供給液を供給するポンプの必要動力が大きくなることによって電力費が高くなる上、エレメントが破損する場合がある。このため、供給側流路材には、供給側流路の圧力損失をできるだけ小さくする機能が要求される。 Conventionally, as a structure of a spiral type separation membrane element, one or more of a separation membrane, a supply side flow channel material and a permeate side flow channel material is wound around a perforated hollow central tube. (For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). In such a spiral separation membrane element, if the pressure loss of the supply side flow path becomes large, the required power of the pump for supplying the supply liquid increases, resulting in an increase in power cost and damage to the element. For this reason, the supply side flow path material is required to have a function of reducing the pressure loss of the supply side flow path as much as possible.
上述の要求に対し、例えば特許文献３、４では、集水管の軸線に垂直な方向の線状物の交点間隔Ｘが２ｍｍ以上５ｍｍ以下であり、かつ上記軸線に平行な方向の線状物の交点間隔ＹがＸの１．０倍以上１．８倍以下である供給側流路材を用いることによって、供給側流路の圧力損失を低減できるスパイラル型分離膜エレメントが提案されている。
In response to the above requirement, for example, in
しかし、このような供給側流路材によると、線状物の交点間隔Ｘが５ｍｍ以下であるため、線状物の密度が高くなるので、初期の圧力損失は低減できても、運転中に汚染物質が付着すること等により、圧力損失が経時的に増加し易いという問題があった。 However, according to such a supply-side channel material, since the distance X between the linear objects is 5 mm or less, the density of the linear objects increases, so even if the initial pressure loss can be reduced, There has been a problem that pressure loss tends to increase over time due to adhesion of contaminants and the like.
他方、供給側流路材には、供給側の圧力損失をできるだけ小さくする機能に加えて、分離膜面の表面更新を促進して濃度分極を抑える機能が要求される。濃度分極が生じると、膜面の浸透圧が増加することにより、フラックスが低下する等の弊害が生じる。 On the other hand, in addition to the function of reducing the pressure loss on the supply side as much as possible, the supply-side flow path material is required to have a function of suppressing concentration polarization by promoting surface renewal of the separation membrane surface. When concentration polarization occurs, the osmotic pressure on the membrane surface increases, resulting in problems such as a decrease in flux.
一般的には、供給側流路材を構成する線状物（糸状体）の交点間隔を広げると、供給側流路材による供給液の攪拌機能が低下するため、濃度分極の抑制が困難となることが知られている。 In general, if the intersection of the linear objects (filamentous bodies) constituting the supply-side flow path material is widened, the stirring function of the supply liquid by the supply-side flow path material is reduced, so that it is difficult to suppress concentration polarization. It is known to be.
本発明の目的は、濃度分極を従来品と同程度に抑制できる上、供給側の圧力損失を低減でき、しかも運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇が少ないスパイラル型分離膜エレメントを提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a spiral-type separation membrane element that can suppress concentration polarization to the same level as a conventional product, reduce pressure loss on the supply side, and reduce the increase in pressure loss with time during operation. It is in.
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、供給側流路材を構成する糸状体の交差角度と、供給液の流れ方向に沿った糸状体の交点間隔とを規制することにより、上記目的が達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have regulated the crossing angle of the filaments constituting the supply-side channel material and the interval between the intersections of the filaments along the flow direction of the supply liquid. As a result, the inventors have found that the above object can be achieved and have completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、分離膜、供給側流路材及び透過側流路材の単数又は複数が、有孔の中空状中心管の周りに巻きつけられているスパイラル型分離膜エレメントであって、前記供給側流路材は、複数の糸状体が略直角に交差するように形成されたネットであり、供給液の流れ方向に沿った前記糸状体の交点の間隔が、６〜１３ｍｍであるスパイラル型分離膜エレメントに関する。 That is, the present invention is a spiral separation membrane element in which one or more of a separation membrane, a supply-side channel material and a permeation-side channel material are wound around a perforated hollow central tube, The supply-side flow path member is a net formed such that a plurality of filaments intersect at a substantially right angle, and a spiral in which an interval between the intersections of the filaments along the flow direction of the supply liquid is 6 to 13 mm. The present invention relates to a mold separation membrane element.
本発明のスパイラル型分離膜エレメントでは、複数の糸状体が略直角に交差するように形成されたネットを供給側流路材として用いるため、供給側の圧力損失の低減と、供給液の攪拌による濃度分極の抑制とを両立できる。また、供給液の流れ方向に沿った前記糸状体の交点の間隔が適度であるため、供給液の攪拌機能を維持した上で供給液の流れの抵抗を低減できる。更に、複数の糸状体が略直角に交差すると共に交点の間隔が適度であるため、運転中に汚染物質が付着しにくく、経時的な圧力損失の上昇を少なくすることができる。これにより、濃度分極を従来品と同程度に抑制できる上、供給側の圧力損失を低減でき、しかも運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇を少なくすることができる。 In the spiral separation membrane element of the present invention, since a net formed so that a plurality of filaments intersect substantially at right angles is used as a supply-side flow path material, the pressure loss on the supply side is reduced and the supply liquid is agitated. Both suppression of concentration polarization can be achieved. Further, since the interval between the intersections of the filaments along the flow direction of the supply liquid is moderate, it is possible to reduce the resistance of the flow of the supply liquid while maintaining the stirring function of the supply liquid. Further, since the plurality of filaments intersect at a substantially right angle and the interval between the intersections is moderate, contaminants are difficult to adhere during operation, and the increase in pressure loss with time can be reduced. Thereby, concentration polarization can be suppressed to the same level as that of the conventional product, pressure loss on the supply side can be reduced, and increase in pressure loss with time during operation can be reduced.
上記において、前記供給側流路材は、供給液の流れ方向に対して４０〜５０°の角度と−４０〜−５０°の角度とで配される糸状体を各々有し、供給液の流れ方向に垂直な方向の前記糸状体の交点の間隔が、６〜１３ｍｍであることが好ましい。略直角に交差する糸状体がこのような角度で配され、供給液の流れ方向に垂直な方向の前記糸状体の交点の間隔が十分大きくなることにより、濃度分極を抑制しながら、供給側の圧力損失をより低減でき、しかも運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇をより少なくすることができる。 In the above, each of the supply side flow path members has filaments arranged at an angle of 40 to 50 ° and an angle of −40 to −50 ° with respect to the flow direction of the supply liquid, and the flow of the supply liquid It is preferable that the interval between the intersections of the filaments in the direction perpendicular to the direction is 6 to 13 mm. The filaments intersecting at substantially right angles are arranged at such an angle, and the interval between the intersections of the filaments in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the supply liquid is sufficiently large. The pressure loss can be further reduced, and the increase of the pressure loss with time during operation can be further reduced.
前記供給側流路材は、メルトフローレート（ＭＦＲ）の値が２以上の樹脂材料から構成されていることが好ましい。ＭＦＲの値が２以上の樹脂材料を用いると、成形されたネットの剛性が高くなるため、糸状体の交点間隔が大きくなっても、供給側流路材の構造強度を保つことができるからである。なお、上記ＭＦＲは、ＪＩＳＫ７２１０（１９９９年）に基づいて測定される。 It is preferable that the supply side channel material is made of a resin material having a melt flow rate (MFR) value of 2 or more. If a resin material having an MFR value of 2 or more is used, the rigidity of the molded net increases, so that the structural strength of the supply-side channel material can be maintained even when the interval between the filaments increases. is there. The MFR is measured based on JISK7210 (1999).
前記供給側流路材は、坪量が３０〜５０ｇ／ｍ２であることが好ましい。坪量を３０ｇ／ｍ２以上とすることにより、供給液の攪拌機能をより向上させることができるため、濃度分極の抑制がより容易となる。また、坪量を５０ｇ／ｍ２以下とすることにより、供給液の流れの抵抗をより低減できるため、供給側の圧力損失の低減がより容易となり、運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇をより少なくすることができる。 The supply side channel material preferably has a basis weight of 30 to 50 g / m 2 . By setting the basis weight to 30 g / m 2 or more, the stirring function of the supply liquid can be further improved, so that concentration polarization can be more easily suppressed. Moreover, since the resistance of the flow of the supply liquid can be further reduced by setting the basis weight to 50 g / m 2 or less, the pressure loss on the supply side can be reduced more easily, and the pressure loss over time during operation can be increased. Can be less.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。図１は、本発明のスパイラル型分離膜エレメントの供給側流路材の一例を示す平面図である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of a supply-side channel material of a spiral separation membrane element of the present invention.
本発明のスパイラル型分離膜エレメントは、分離膜、供給側流路材及び透過側流路材の単数又は複数が、有孔の中空状中心管の周りに巻きつけられている構造を有する。かかる膜エレメントは、前記の特許文献１〜４にも詳細に記載されており、供給側流路材以外の構成に関しては、従来公知の分離膜、透過側流路材、中空状中心管などが何れも採用できる。例えば、供給側流路材と透過側流路材が複数用いられる場合には、複数の膜リーフが中空状中心管の周りに巻きつけられた構造となる。 The spiral separation membrane element of the present invention has a structure in which one or more of a separation membrane, a supply-side channel material and a permeation-side channel material are wound around a perforated hollow central tube. Such membrane elements are also described in detail in the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1 to 4, and regarding configurations other than the supply-side channel material, conventionally known separation membranes, permeation-side channel materials, hollow central tubes, etc. Either can be adopted. For example, when a plurality of supply-side channel materials and permeation-side channel materials are used, a plurality of membrane leaves are wound around a hollow central tube.
図１に示すように、本発明で用いられる供給側流路材は、複数の糸状体１が略直角に交差するように形成されたネットである。糸状体１の交差角度θが大きくなると、糸状体１によって供給液の流れが妨げられる傾向があり、逆に糸状体１の交差角度θが小さくなると、供給側流路材による供給液の攪拌機能が低下する傾向がある。本発明では、交差角度θが略直角なので、供給側の圧力損失の低減と、供給液の攪拌による濃度分極の抑制とを両立できる。なお、上記「略直角」とは、糸状体１の交差角度θが厳密に９０°の場合に限定されるものではなく、上記効果を損なわない程度（例えば、交差角度θが９０±５°）の角度であればよい。 As shown in FIG. 1, the supply-side channel material used in the present invention is a net formed such that a plurality of filaments 1 intersect at substantially right angles. When the crossing angle θ of the filamentous body 1 increases, the flow of the supply liquid tends to be blocked by the filamentous body 1, and conversely, when the crossing angle θ of the filamentous body 1 decreases, the stirring function of the supply liquid by the supply-side channel material Tends to decrease. In the present invention, since the crossing angle θ is substantially a right angle, it is possible to achieve both reduction of pressure loss on the supply side and suppression of concentration polarization by stirring of the supply liquid. The “substantially right angle” is not limited to the case where the crossing angle θ of the filament 1 is strictly 90 °, and is not limited to the above effect (for example, the crossing angle θ is 90 ± 5 °). Any angle may be used.
また、本発明で用いられる供給側流路材は、供給液の流れ方向に沿った糸状体１の交点の間隔Ｌが６〜１３ｍｍである。間隔Ｌが小さくなると、上記交点によって供給液の流れが妨げられる傾向があり、逆に間隔Ｌが大きくなると、供給側流路材による供給液の攪拌機能が低下する傾向がある。本発明では、間隔Ｌが適度であるため、供給液の攪拌機能を維持した上で供給液の流れの抵抗を低減できる。これにより、濃度分極を従来品と同程度に抑制できる上、供給側の圧力損失を低減できる。 Further, in the supply-side flow path material used in the present invention, the interval L between the intersections of the filaments 1 along the flow direction of the supply liquid is 6 to 13 mm. When the interval L is small, the flow of the supply liquid tends to be hindered by the intersection point, and conversely, when the interval L is large, the function of stirring the supply liquid by the supply-side channel material tends to be lowered. In the present invention, since the interval L is appropriate, the resistance of the flow of the supply liquid can be reduced while maintaining the supply liquid stirring function. Thereby, concentration polarization can be suppressed to the same level as that of the conventional product, and pressure loss on the supply side can be reduced.
本発明において、供給側の圧力損失をより低減するためには、間隔Ｌが７ｍｍ以上であることが好ましく、８ｍｍ以上であることがより好ましい。また、濃度分極をより抑制するためには、間隔Ｌが１２ｍｍ以下であることが好ましく、１０ｍｍ以下であることがより好ましい。 In the present invention, in order to further reduce the pressure loss on the supply side, the interval L is preferably 7 mm or more, and more preferably 8 mm or more. Further, in order to further suppress the concentration polarization, the interval L is preferably 12 mm or less, and more preferably 10 mm or less.
また、供給液の流れ方向に垂直な方向の交点の間隔Ｗは、濃度分極を抑制しながら、供給側の圧力損失をより低減でき、しかも運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇をより少なくする観点から、６〜１３ｍｍが好ましく、７〜１２ｍｍがより好ましく、７〜１０ｍｍが更に好ましい。 In addition, the interval W between the intersecting points in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the supply liquid can further reduce the pressure loss on the supply side while suppressing the concentration polarization, and can further reduce the increase in pressure loss over time during operation. From a viewpoint, 6-13 mm is preferable, 7-12 mm is more preferable, and 7-10 mm is still more preferable.
供給側流路材の糸状体１が配される方向は、供給側の圧力損失を低減する上で、供給液の流れ方向に対して傾斜していることが好ましい。但し、濃度分極を抑制しながら、供給側の圧力損失をより低減でき、しかも運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇をより少なくする観点から、供給液の流れ方向に対して４０〜５０°の角度θ１と−４０〜−５０°の角度θ２であることがより好ましく、供給液の流れ方向に対して４２〜４８°の角度θ１と−４２〜−４８°の角度θ２であることが更に好ましい。 The direction in which the filaments 1 of the supply-side channel material are arranged is preferably inclined with respect to the flow direction of the supply liquid in order to reduce the pressure loss on the supply side. However, the pressure loss on the supply side can be further reduced while suppressing the concentration polarization, and from the viewpoint of reducing the increase in pressure loss over time during operation, it is 40 to 50 ° with respect to the flow direction of the supply liquid. The angle θ1 and the angle θ2 of −40 to −50 ° are more preferable, and the angle θ1 of 42 to 48 ° and the angle θ2 of −42 to −48 ° with respect to the flow direction of the supply liquid are still more preferable. .
供給側流路材（糸状体１）の材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート（ＰＥＴ）、ポリアミド等の樹脂の他、天然高分子、ゴムなどが挙げられるが、特に、ＭＦＲの値が２以上の樹脂材料が好ましく、ＭＦＲの値が３以上の樹脂材料がより好ましい。従来の供給側流路材の樹脂材料は、ＭＦＲの値が０．５程度であったため、供給側流路材の構造強度を保つことが困難となる場合があったが、ＭＦＲの値が２以上の樹脂材料は、剛性が高くなるため、糸状体１の交点の間隔Ｌが大きくなっても、供給側流路材の構造強度を保つことができる。つまり、融着法や剪断法等によってネットを一体成形する際に、ノズルから押出された糸状体１を構成する高分子が、その流動性によって配向しし易くなり、その結果、得られるネットを構成する糸状体１の剛性が高くなる傾向がある。 Examples of the material for the supply-side channel material (filament 1) include natural polymers, rubbers, etc., in addition to resins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyamide. In particular, the MFR value is 2 The above resin materials are preferable, and a resin material having an MFR value of 3 or more is more preferable. Since the conventional resin material of the supply-side channel material has an MFR value of about 0.5, it may be difficult to maintain the structural strength of the supply-side channel material, but the MFR value is 2 Since the above resin material has high rigidity, the structural strength of the supply-side channel material can be maintained even when the interval L between the intersections of the filaments 1 is increased. That is, when the net is integrally formed by a fusion method, a shearing method, or the like, the polymer constituting the filament 1 extruded from the nozzle is easily oriented by its fluidity. There exists a tendency for the rigidity of the filament 1 to comprise to become high.
ＭＦＲの値が２以上の樹脂材料としては、例えば、株式会社プライムポリマー製ポリプロピレンＦ−３００ＳＰ、同Ｅ２２３Ｕ、同Ｅ−２００ＧＰ等が挙げられる。なお、供給側流路材の成形性の観点から、ＭＦＲの値が７以下の樹脂材料を用いるのが好ましく、ＭＦＲの値が５以下の樹脂材料を用いるのがより好ましい。 Examples of the resin material having an MFR value of 2 or more include polypropylene F-300SP, E223U, and E-200GP manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd. From the viewpoint of moldability of the supply-side channel material, it is preferable to use a resin material having an MFR value of 7 or less, and it is more preferable to use a resin material having an MFR value of 5 or less.
供給側流路材は、坪量が３０〜５０ｇ／ｍ２であることが好ましく、３５〜４５ｇ／ｍ２であることがより好ましい。坪量を３０ｇ／ｍ２以上とすることにより、供給液の攪拌機能をより向上させることができるため、濃度分極の抑制がより容易となる。また、坪量を５０ｇ／ｍ２以下とすることにより、供給液の流れの抵抗をより低減できるため、供給側の圧力損失の低減がより容易となり、しかも運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇をより少なくすることができる。 The supply side channel material preferably has a basis weight of 30 to 50 g / m 2 , and more preferably 35 to 45 g / m 2 . By setting the basis weight to 30 g / m 2 or more, the stirring function of the supply liquid can be further improved, so that concentration polarization can be more easily suppressed. In addition, when the basis weight is 50 g / m 2 or less, the resistance of the flow of the supply liquid can be further reduced, so that it is easier to reduce the pressure loss on the supply side, and the pressure loss increases with time during operation. Can be reduced.
糸状体１は、マルチフィラメントでもモノフィラメントでもよいが、供給液の流れの妨げとなりにくいモノフィラメントが好ましい。また、糸状体１同士は、融着や接着などにより相互に固着されていてもよく、織物であってもよい。但し、供給液の流れを安定に維持するためには、糸状体１同士が固着されているものが好ましい。特に、濃度分極の抑制と、供給側の圧力損失の低減を両立させるためには、融着法や剪断法等によって糸状体１が押出されて一体成形されているものが好ましい。 The filament 1 may be a multifilament or a monofilament, but is preferably a monofilament that does not hinder the flow of the supply liquid. Further, the filaments 1 may be fixed to each other by fusion or adhesion, or may be a woven fabric. However, in order to stably maintain the flow of the supply liquid, it is preferable that the filaments 1 are fixed to each other. In particular, in order to achieve both suppression of concentration polarization and reduction of pressure loss on the supply side, it is preferable that the filament 1 is extruded and integrally formed by a fusion method, a shearing method, or the like.
糸状体１の交点における供給側流路材の厚みは、供給側流路材のネットとしての安定性及び圧力損失低減の観点から０．５ｍｍ以上が好ましく、０．７ｍｍ以上がより好ましい。なお、糸状体１の交点における供給側流路材の厚みを上記範囲内とするには、糸状体１の糸径が０．２〜０．４ｍｍ程度であればよい。 The thickness of the supply-side channel material at the intersection of the filaments 1 is preferably 0.5 mm or more, and more preferably 0.7 mm or more from the viewpoint of the stability of the supply-side channel material as a net and pressure loss reduction. In addition, in order to make the thickness of the supply side flow path material at the intersection of the filamentous body 1 within the above range, the thread diameter of the filamentous body 1 may be about 0.2 to 0.4 mm.
本発明のスパイラル型分離膜エレメントは、逆浸透ろ過、限外ろ過、精密ろ過など、何れのろ過方法にも利用でき、その用途も限定されないが、上記のような供給側流路材は、主に逆浸透膜によって濁質の多い水をろ過する際に、特にその効果が発揮される。 The spiral separation membrane element of the present invention can be used for any filtration method such as reverse osmosis filtration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration, and its use is not limited. In particular, the effect is exhibited when water with much turbidity is filtered by a reverse osmosis membrane.
以下に実施例をあげて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
（供給側流路材）
実施例１〜３の供給側流路材（図１参照）として、ＭＦＲの値が３の樹脂（株式会社プライムポリマー製ポリプロピレンＦ−３００ＳＰ）を用いて剪断法によりネットを作製した。糸状体の交点間隔Ｌなどについては、表１に示すとおりとした。また、比較例の供給側流路材として、実施例１〜３と同じ樹脂を用いて剪断法によりネットを作製した（交点間隔Ｌなどは表１参照）。この際、糸状体の交点における供給側流路材の厚みは、実施例１〜３及び比較例のいずれについても０．８６ｍｍとした。なお、交点間隔Ｌが１４ｍｍのネットは、上記作製条件では構造強度の確保が困難なため作製できなかった。
(Supply channel material)
As the supply-side channel material (see FIG. 1) of Examples 1 to 3, a net was produced by a shearing method using a resin having an MFR value of 3 (Prime Polymer Polypropylene F-300SP). The intersection distance L of the filaments is as shown in Table 1. Moreover, the net was produced by the shearing method using the same resin as Examples 1-3 as a supply side channel material of a comparative example (refer Table 1 for intersection space | interval L etc.). Under the present circumstances, the thickness of the supply side flow-path material in the intersection of a filamentous body was 0.86 mm about all of Examples 1-3 and the comparative example. A net having an intersection distance L of 14 mm could not be produced under the above production conditions because it was difficult to ensure the structural strength.
（テストセルによる試験例）
上記実施例１〜３及び比較例の供給側流路材を用いてテストセルを作製した。テストセルの分離膜としては、実施例１〜３及び比較例のいずれも逆浸透膜（日東電工株式会社製ポリアミド系複合半透膜ＥＳ２０）を使用した。また、テストセルの透過側流路材としては、実施例１〜３及び比較例のいずれもＫＢセーレン製ネット（材料：ポリエステル、厚み：０．２５ｍｍ）を使用した。テストセルを組み立てる際は、ステンレス鋼（ＳＵＳ３１６）製のセル容器中に、透過側流路材、逆浸透膜、供給側流路材の順に重ねてセットした。なお、使用したセル容器の内部寸法は、幅が４６ｍｍで、長さが１８０ｍｍであった。
(Test example with test cell)
Test cells were prepared using the supply side channel materials of Examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example. As the separation membrane of the test cell, all of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example used a reverse osmosis membrane (a polyamide composite semipermeable membrane ES20 manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation). Moreover, as a permeation | transmission side channel material of a test cell, all of Examples 1-3 and the comparative example used the net | network (material: polyester, thickness: 0.25mm) made from KB Selen. When assembling the test cell, the permeation side flow path material, the reverse osmosis membrane, and the supply side flow path material were stacked in the order in a cell container made of stainless steel (SUS316). The internal dimensions of the cell container used were 46 mm in width and 180 mm in length.
上記テストセルを用いて、原水（供給液）の加圧通水テストを行った。原水としては、日東電工株式会社滋賀事業所の排水処理場の排水をフィルター（平均孔径：５μｍ）でろ過したものを用いた。なお、ろ過後の上記排水（原水）は、SDI(Silt Density Index、ASTM D 4189-95)の値が約６．０であった。この原水をテストセルに０．５Ｌ／ｍｉｎの通水量で２日間加圧通水した。その際、テスト開始時とテスト終了時において、フラックス（単位：Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）を測定し、その比（テスト終了時／テスト開始時）に１００を乗じた値をフラックス保持率として評価した。また、通水初期（テスト開始時）と２日間通水後（テスト終了時）における供給側流路の入口と出口との差圧を測定した。なお、通水する際は、供給側流路材において図１に示す流れ方向となるように行った。 Using the test cell, a pressurized water flow test of raw water (feed solution) was performed. As raw water, wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant of Nitto Denko Corporation Shiga Works was filtered with a filter (average pore diameter: 5 μm). The drainage (raw water) after filtration had an SDI (Silt Density Index, ASTM D 4189-95) value of about 6.0. This raw water was pressurized and passed through the test cell at a flow rate of 0.5 L / min for 2 days. At that time, the flux (unit: L / min) was measured at the start of the test and at the end of the test, and a value obtained by multiplying the ratio (at the end of the test / at the start of the test) by 100 was evaluated as the flux retention rate. Further, the differential pressure between the inlet and outlet of the supply-side flow path was measured at the beginning of water flow (at the start of the test) and after water flow for 2 days (at the end of the test). In addition, when water flowed, it was performed so that it might become the flow direction shown in FIG.
また、上記排水を純水に変えて、同じテストセルを用いて０．５Ｌ／ｍｉｎの通水量で圧力損失を測定した。結果を表１及び図２に示す。なお、表１及び図２に示す各データは、実施例１〜３及び比較例のテストセルをそれぞれ３個組み立てて、上記条件で測定を行った結果の平均値である。 Moreover, the said waste water was changed into the pure water, and the pressure loss was measured by the water flow rate of 0.5 L / min using the same test cell. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. In addition, each data shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2 is an average value of the result of assembling three test cells of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example, respectively, and performing measurement under the above conditions.
実施例１〜３によれば、比較例に比べて圧力損失を２０〜３２％低減でき、しかも運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇が少なかった。また、フラックス保持率については、実施例１〜３では７９〜８１％となり、比較例（８３％）とほぼ同等であった。よって、実施例１〜３は、比較例と同程度に濃度分極を抑制できたと考えられる。このような対比から、本発明によれば、濃度分極を従来品と同程度に抑制できる上、供給側の圧力損失を低減でき、運転中の経時的な圧力損失の上昇が少ないことがわかった。 According to Examples 1 to 3, the pressure loss could be reduced by 20 to 32% compared to the comparative example, and the increase in pressure loss with time during operation was small. Moreover, about the flux retention, in Examples 1-3, it was 79-81%, and was substantially equivalent to the comparative example (83%). Therefore, it is thought that Examples 1-3 were able to suppress concentration polarization to the same extent as the comparative example. From this comparison, it was found that according to the present invention, concentration polarization can be suppressed to the same level as that of the conventional product, pressure loss on the supply side can be reduced, and increase in pressure loss with time during operation is small. .
（スパイラル型エレメントによる試験例）
実施例１のネットと、比較例のネットを用いて、２インチのスパイラル型エレメントを作製した。逆浸透膜は日東電工（株）製のＥＳ２０を用い、原水側流路材以外の部材・膜面積等は同一の条件で作製した。原水は排水処理場のＭＦ処理水（テストセルによる試験例と同じもの）を用い、初期フラックス０．５Ｌ／ｍｉｎ、濃縮流量４Ｌ／ｍｉｎの条件で約１９日間の運転を行った。その際、原水の供給圧力は、初期フラックスを設定した圧力で固定して運転を行った。約１９日間の運転の前後におけるフラックス保持率、および供給側流路の差圧を測定した。その結果を表２に示す。
(Test example with spiral element)
A 2-inch spiral element was manufactured using the net of Example 1 and the net of the comparative example. As the reverse osmosis membrane, ES20 manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation was used, and the members other than the raw water side channel material, the membrane area, and the like were produced under the same conditions. The raw water was MF treated water from the wastewater treatment plant (the same as the test example using the test cell), and the operation was performed for about 19 days under the conditions of an initial flux of 0.5 L / min and a concentrated flow rate of 4 L / min. At that time, the raw water supply pressure was fixed at a pressure at which the initial flux was set. The flux retention before and after the operation for about 19 days and the differential pressure in the supply side channel were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
表２より、比較例のネットを使用したエレメントに比べ実施例１を使用したエレメントは、初期差圧（２９％低）、差圧上昇量がともに小さく、優位性を有することが分かる。また、実施例１のネットを使用したエレメントは比較例のネットを使用したエレメントと同等のフラックス低下度を示し、濃度分極の抑制においても同等の性能を示すことが分かる。両図の結果はテストセルの結果とその傾向において良好な一致を示し、本発明の有効性を示すものである。 From Table 2, it can be seen that the element using Example 1 is superior to the element using the net of the comparative example in that both the initial differential pressure (29% lower) and the differential pressure increase amount are small. Further, it can be seen that the element using the net of Example 1 exhibits the same degree of flux reduction as the element using the net of the comparative example, and exhibits the same performance in suppressing concentration polarization. The results in both figures show good agreement between the test cell results and their trends, indicating the effectiveness of the present invention.
１ 糸状体
θ 糸状体の交差角度
θ１，θ２ 供給液の流れ方向に対する糸状体の傾斜角度
Ｌ 糸状体の交点の間隔（供給液の流れ沿った方向）
Ｗ 糸状体の交点の間隔（供給液の流れに垂直方向）
1 Filamentous body θ Intersection angles θ1, θ2 of the filamentous body Inclination angle of the filamentous body with respect to the flow direction of the supply liquid L Interval between the intersections of the filamentous bodies (direction along the flow of the supply liquid)
W Interval between filaments (perpendicular to supply liquid flow)
Claims (4)
前記供給側流路材は、複数の糸状体が略直角に交差するように形成されたネットであり、
供給液の流れ方向に沿った前記糸状体の交点の間隔が、６〜１３ｍｍであるスパイラル型分離膜エレメント。 One or more of the separation membrane, the supply-side channel material and the permeation-side channel material is a spiral type separation membrane element wound around a perforated hollow central tube,
The supply-side channel material is a net formed so that a plurality of filaments intersect at substantially right angles,
A spiral-type separation membrane element in which the interval between the intersections of the filaments along the flow direction of the supply liquid is 6 to 13 mm.
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Cited By (4)
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| JP2012106237A (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-06-07 | Nitto Denko Corp | Membrane separation apparatus, membrane separation apparatus operation method and evaluation method using the membrane separation apparatus |
| WO2014003170A1 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-03 | 東レ株式会社 | Separation membrane element |
| JP2019198849A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-21 | 日東電工株式会社 | Flow channel spacer and spiral type membrane element |
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| JPH08332489A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-17 | Toray Ind Inc | Antimicrobial fluid separating element |
| JP3230490B2 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2001-11-19 | 東レ株式会社 | Spiral reverse osmosis membrane element and separation device using the same |
| JP2000042378A (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2000-02-15 | Toray Ind Inc | Fluid separation element |
| JP4684783B2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2011-05-18 | 日東電工株式会社 | Supply-side flow path material used for spiral separation membrane element and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP4587937B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2010-11-24 | 日東電工株式会社 | Spiral type separation membrane element |
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